Pub Date : 2023-11-14DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3583126/v1
Sevda Kurt-Bayrakdar, İbrahim Şevki Bayrakdar, Muhammed Burak Yavuz, Nichal Sali, Özer Çelik, Oğuz Köse, Bilge Cansu Uzun Saylan, Batuhan Kuleli, Rohan Jagtap, Kaan Orhan
Abstract Background This retrospective study aimed to develop a deep learning algorithm for the interpretation of panoramic radiographs and to examine the performance of this algorithm in the detection of some periodontal problems such as horizontal alveolar bone loss, vertical bone defect, and furcation defect. Methods A total of 1121 panoramic radiographic images were used in this study. Total alveolar bone losses in the maxilla and mandibula (n = 2251), interdental bone losses (n = 25303), and furcation defects (n = 2815) were labeled using the segmentation method. In addition, interdental bone losses were divided into horizontal (n = 21839) and vertical (n = 3464) bone losses according to the defect types. A Convolutional Neural Network (CNN)-based artificial intelligence (AI) system was developed using U-Net architecture. The performance of the deep learning algorithm was statistically evaluated by the confusion matrix and ROC curve analysis. Results The system showed the highest diagnostic performance in the detection of total alveolar bone losses and the lowest in the detection of vertical bone defects. The sensitivity, precision, F1 score, accuracy, and AUC values were found as 1, 0.995, 0.997, 0.994, 0.951 for total alveolar bone loss; found as 0.947, 0.939, 0.943, 0.892, 0.910 for horizontal bone losses; found as 0.558, 0.846, 0.673, 0.506, 0.733 for vertical bone defects and found as 0.892, 0.933, 0.912, 0.837, 0.868 for furcation defects (respectively). Conclusions AI systems offer promising results in determining periodontal bone loss patterns and furcation defects from dental radiographs. This suggests that CNN algorithms can also be used to provide more detailed information such as automatic determination of periodontal disease severity and treatment planning in various dental radiographs.
{"title":"Detection of Periodontal Bone Loss Types and Furcation Defects from Panoramic Radiographs Using Deep Learning Algorithm: A Retrospective Study","authors":"Sevda Kurt-Bayrakdar, İbrahim Şevki Bayrakdar, Muhammed Burak Yavuz, Nichal Sali, Özer Çelik, Oğuz Köse, Bilge Cansu Uzun Saylan, Batuhan Kuleli, Rohan Jagtap, Kaan Orhan","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-3583126/v1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-3583126/v1","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Background This retrospective study aimed to develop a deep learning algorithm for the interpretation of panoramic radiographs and to examine the performance of this algorithm in the detection of some periodontal problems such as horizontal alveolar bone loss, vertical bone defect, and furcation defect. Methods A total of 1121 panoramic radiographic images were used in this study. Total alveolar bone losses in the maxilla and mandibula (n = 2251), interdental bone losses (n = 25303), and furcation defects (n = 2815) were labeled using the segmentation method. In addition, interdental bone losses were divided into horizontal (n = 21839) and vertical (n = 3464) bone losses according to the defect types. A Convolutional Neural Network (CNN)-based artificial intelligence (AI) system was developed using U-Net architecture. The performance of the deep learning algorithm was statistically evaluated by the confusion matrix and ROC curve analysis. Results The system showed the highest diagnostic performance in the detection of total alveolar bone losses and the lowest in the detection of vertical bone defects. The sensitivity, precision, F1 score, accuracy, and AUC values were found as 1, 0.995, 0.997, 0.994, 0.951 for total alveolar bone loss; found as 0.947, 0.939, 0.943, 0.892, 0.910 for horizontal bone losses; found as 0.558, 0.846, 0.673, 0.506, 0.733 for vertical bone defects and found as 0.892, 0.933, 0.912, 0.837, 0.868 for furcation defects (respectively). Conclusions AI systems offer promising results in determining periodontal bone loss patterns and furcation defects from dental radiographs. This suggests that CNN algorithms can also be used to provide more detailed information such as automatic determination of periodontal disease severity and treatment planning in various dental radiographs.","PeriodicalId":500086,"journal":{"name":"Research Square (Research Square)","volume":"92 2","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134900705","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-14DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3406000/v1
Andrew Stone, Emma Rand, Gabriel Thornes, Alasdair Kay, Amanda Barnes, Ian Hitchcock, Paul Genever
Abstract Background Bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) are highly heterogeneous, which may reflect their diverse biological functions, including tissue maintenance, haematopoietic support and immune control. The current understanding of the mechanisms that drive the onset and resolution of heterogeneity, and how BMSCs influence other cells in their environment is limited. Here, we determined how the secretome of clonally-derived BMSC subtypes was able to direct cellular phenotype. Methods We used two immortalised clonal BMSC lines isolated from the same heterogeneous culture as model stromal subtypes with distinct phenotypic traits; a multipotent stem cell-like stromal line (Y201) and a nullipotent non-stem cell stromal line (Y202), isolated from the same donor BMSC pool. Label-free ptychographic imaging was used to track cell morphology and migration of the BMSC lines over 96 hours in colony-forming assays. We quantified the secreted factors of each cell line by mass spectrometry and confirmed presence of proteins in human bone marrow by immunofluorescence. Results Transfer of secreted signals from a stem cell to a non-stem cell resulted in a change in morphology and enhanced migration to more closely match stem cell-like features. Mass spectrometry analysis revealed a significant enrichment of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins in the Y201 stem cell secretome compared to Y202 stromal cells. We confirmed that the stem cell line produced a more robust ECM in culture and that this ECM was capable of changing migration and morphology of non-stem cells. The most highly enriched proteins, aggrecan and periostin, were identified at rare sites on the endosteal surfaces of mouse and human bone, underlying CD271-positive stromal cells, indicating that they may represent key non-cellular niche-components important for cell maintenance and phenotype in vivo. Conclusions We identified plasticity in BMSC morphology and migratory characteristics that can be modified through secreted proteins, particularly from multipotent stem cells. Overall, we demonstrate the importance of specific ECM proteins in co-ordination of cellular phenotype and highlight how non-cellular components of the BMSC niche may provide insights into cell population heterogeneity and the role of BMSCs in health and disease.
{"title":"Extracellular matrices of bone marrow stroma regulate cell phenotype and contribute to distinct stromal niches in vivo","authors":"Andrew Stone, Emma Rand, Gabriel Thornes, Alasdair Kay, Amanda Barnes, Ian Hitchcock, Paul Genever","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-3406000/v1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-3406000/v1","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Background Bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) are highly heterogeneous, which may reflect their diverse biological functions, including tissue maintenance, haematopoietic support and immune control. The current understanding of the mechanisms that drive the onset and resolution of heterogeneity, and how BMSCs influence other cells in their environment is limited. Here, we determined how the secretome of clonally-derived BMSC subtypes was able to direct cellular phenotype. Methods We used two immortalised clonal BMSC lines isolated from the same heterogeneous culture as model stromal subtypes with distinct phenotypic traits; a multipotent stem cell-like stromal line (Y201) and a nullipotent non-stem cell stromal line (Y202), isolated from the same donor BMSC pool. Label-free ptychographic imaging was used to track cell morphology and migration of the BMSC lines over 96 hours in colony-forming assays. We quantified the secreted factors of each cell line by mass spectrometry and confirmed presence of proteins in human bone marrow by immunofluorescence. Results Transfer of secreted signals from a stem cell to a non-stem cell resulted in a change in morphology and enhanced migration to more closely match stem cell-like features. Mass spectrometry analysis revealed a significant enrichment of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins in the Y201 stem cell secretome compared to Y202 stromal cells. We confirmed that the stem cell line produced a more robust ECM in culture and that this ECM was capable of changing migration and morphology of non-stem cells. The most highly enriched proteins, aggrecan and periostin, were identified at rare sites on the endosteal surfaces of mouse and human bone, underlying CD271-positive stromal cells, indicating that they may represent key non-cellular niche-components important for cell maintenance and phenotype in vivo. Conclusions We identified plasticity in BMSC morphology and migratory characteristics that can be modified through secreted proteins, particularly from multipotent stem cells. Overall, we demonstrate the importance of specific ECM proteins in co-ordination of cellular phenotype and highlight how non-cellular components of the BMSC niche may provide insights into cell population heterogeneity and the role of BMSCs in health and disease.","PeriodicalId":500086,"journal":{"name":"Research Square (Research Square)","volume":"93 4","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134900832","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-14DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3580779/v1
Alexander Kuruvilla, Charles J. Sadle, Ian Mutchnick, Samir Karia, Jeetendra Sah, Rebecca Stilp, Shervin Dashti, Cemal Karakas
Abstract Introduction : Wada test is well-known to assess lateralization of memory and language functions, however super-selective Wada (ss-Wada) to evaluate motor leg function is rare. We present a ss-Wada test within the anterior cerebral artery (ACA) to assess the motor function of the leg. Methods : Retrospective chart review. Results : Comprehensive phase-I/II surgical evaluation revealed an ictal focus around the left post-central gyrus with immediate involvement around left para-central regions. To avoid potential right leg motor dysfunction with the surgery, the patient underwent a ss-Wada procedure. Angiography revealed bilateral ACAs were supplied by the left A1 segment. Super-selective microcatheter injection of amobarbital into the left ACA was performed to avoid cross-filling the contralateral ACA. The ss-Wada test confirmed no right leg motor impairment. Afterward, a craniotomy with direct cortical stimulation confirmed that the left-sided ictal/peri-ictal zone had no clear leg motor function. Patient underwent disconnection of that region and remained seizure free at 10-month post-op follow up without any motor or sensory deficits in the right limbs. Conclusion : This case demonstrates the proof of concept for ss-Wada in assessing lower extremity motor function. The ss-Wada procedure accurately predicted no motor deficits in right leg, consistent with preserved motor function post-surgery.
{"title":"Super-Selective Wada Test for Pre-Surgical Leg Motor Function Assessment: A case report","authors":"Alexander Kuruvilla, Charles J. Sadle, Ian Mutchnick, Samir Karia, Jeetendra Sah, Rebecca Stilp, Shervin Dashti, Cemal Karakas","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-3580779/v1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-3580779/v1","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Introduction : Wada test is well-known to assess lateralization of memory and language functions, however super-selective Wada (ss-Wada) to evaluate motor leg function is rare. We present a ss-Wada test within the anterior cerebral artery (ACA) to assess the motor function of the leg. Methods : Retrospective chart review. Results : Comprehensive phase-I/II surgical evaluation revealed an ictal focus around the left post-central gyrus with immediate involvement around left para-central regions. To avoid potential right leg motor dysfunction with the surgery, the patient underwent a ss-Wada procedure. Angiography revealed bilateral ACAs were supplied by the left A1 segment. Super-selective microcatheter injection of amobarbital into the left ACA was performed to avoid cross-filling the contralateral ACA. The ss-Wada test confirmed no right leg motor impairment. Afterward, a craniotomy with direct cortical stimulation confirmed that the left-sided ictal/peri-ictal zone had no clear leg motor function. Patient underwent disconnection of that region and remained seizure free at 10-month post-op follow up without any motor or sensory deficits in the right limbs. Conclusion : This case demonstrates the proof of concept for ss-Wada in assessing lower extremity motor function. The ss-Wada procedure accurately predicted no motor deficits in right leg, consistent with preserved motor function post-surgery.","PeriodicalId":500086,"journal":{"name":"Research Square (Research Square)","volume":"92 13","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134900842","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-14DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3581670/v1
Yanan Zhang, Zhe Hu
Abstract Our study aimed to investigate possible risk factors for the high incidence of ACL injuries in women compared to men during the impact phase of badminton single-leg landing maneuvers. Sixteen badminton players (8 male, 8 female) participated in a badminton single-leg landing task in which lower limb kinematics, ground reaction forces, and lower limb muscle activity were measured using a marker-based motion capture system, force plates, and electromyography (EMG). An analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to analyze gender differences in leg kinematic data, mean normalized leg muscle activation (MVC%), and muscle co-contraction during the impact phase after landing. During the impact phase of the badminton landing task (100 ms after initial contact), the knee valgus angle at the moment of initial contact （IC）and posterior peak ground reaction force（GRF） was greater in females than in males. Knee flexion angle and ankle plantarflexion angle were less in females than in males at the moment of peak posterior GRF. During the post-landing impact phase, compared to male badminton players, females exhibited greater rectus femoris medial hamstring, medial gastrocnemius, and lateral gastrocnemius muscle activity. In addition, males exhibited a higher co-contraction ratio of the medial and lateral gastrocnemius than female athletes. The neuromuscular control strategies exhibited by female badminton players may be inadequate for ACL protection and may be a potential risk factor for a high incidence of ACL injury.
{"title":"Sex differences in kinematics and muscle activity during the impact phase of a single-leg landing task after a backhand side overhead stroke in badminton","authors":"Yanan Zhang, Zhe Hu","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-3581670/v1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-3581670/v1","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Our study aimed to investigate possible risk factors for the high incidence of ACL injuries in women compared to men during the impact phase of badminton single-leg landing maneuvers. Sixteen badminton players (8 male, 8 female) participated in a badminton single-leg landing task in which lower limb kinematics, ground reaction forces, and lower limb muscle activity were measured using a marker-based motion capture system, force plates, and electromyography (EMG). An analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to analyze gender differences in leg kinematic data, mean normalized leg muscle activation (MVC%), and muscle co-contraction during the impact phase after landing. During the impact phase of the badminton landing task (100 ms after initial contact), the knee valgus angle at the moment of initial contact （IC）and posterior peak ground reaction force（GRF） was greater in females than in males. Knee flexion angle and ankle plantarflexion angle were less in females than in males at the moment of peak posterior GRF. During the post-landing impact phase, compared to male badminton players, females exhibited greater rectus femoris medial hamstring, medial gastrocnemius, and lateral gastrocnemius muscle activity. In addition, males exhibited a higher co-contraction ratio of the medial and lateral gastrocnemius than female athletes. The neuromuscular control strategies exhibited by female badminton players may be inadequate for ACL protection and may be a potential risk factor for a high incidence of ACL injury.","PeriodicalId":500086,"journal":{"name":"Research Square (Research Square)","volume":"86 10","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134900852","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Background In commercial broiler farms, the dissemination of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing E. coli presents a significant concern. These bacteria may spread vertically from parental stock or horizontally through contaminated feed, water, and infected companion birds. Understanding the transmission dynamics of ESBL- E. coli in small-scale poultry farms in rural settings is crucial. Methods We conducted a comprehensive study on a small-scale poultry farm in West Bengal, India. A total of 120 samples were collected at three different intervals (0th, 20th, and 40th day) of the production cycle, including cloacal swabs (n = 49), drinking water (n = 36), and feed (n = 35). All E. coli isolates were tested for resistance to eight antimicrobial agents. ESBL-producing E. coli was confirmed using the double-disc test. Furthermore, we conducted PCR to detect major ESBL genes, followed by sequencing of selected PCR products. Results We recovered a total of 173 E. coli isolates from the samples. These isolates exhibited varying degrees of resistance, with 100% resistance to cefixime, 83.3% to amoxicillin, 50% to tetracycline, and 33.3% to enrofloxacin. The occurrence of ESBL- E. coli initially decreased from day-old production to the 20th day but then increased in the subsequent 21st -40th day of the production cycle. Genotyping of ESBL revealed dynamic changes, with a progressive decrease in the occurrence of blaCTX-M and blaSHV in cloacal swabs and a corresponding increase in drinking water and feed. Notably, blaCTX-M-15 emerged as the predominant resistance determinant among antibiotic-resistant genes. Conclusions Our study sheds light on the probable vertical transmission of ESBL- E. coli from the parent flock to the studied birds, with a decrease observed up to the 20th day of the production cycle. Additionally, our findings highlight drinking water as a potential source of on-farm horizontal transmission of ESBL- E. coli . To prevent the spread of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria in birds and their products, it is essential for small-scale poultry farms to adopt strict biosecurity measures and maintain high hygiene standards. These insights have critical implications for poultry farming practices and public health.
{"title":"Exploring the source of ESBL_producing Escherichia coli in a small-scale poultry farm with minimal biosecurity","authors":"Latchubhukta Sharmila, Arijit Pal, Ripan Biswas, Kunal Batabyal, Samir Dey, Siddhartha Narayan Joardar, Tapan Kumar Dutta, Samiran Bandyopadhyay, Indranil Samanta, Surajit Pal","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-3582003/v1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-3582003/v1","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Background In commercial broiler farms, the dissemination of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing E. coli presents a significant concern. These bacteria may spread vertically from parental stock or horizontally through contaminated feed, water, and infected companion birds. Understanding the transmission dynamics of ESBL- E. coli in small-scale poultry farms in rural settings is crucial. Methods We conducted a comprehensive study on a small-scale poultry farm in West Bengal, India. A total of 120 samples were collected at three different intervals (0th, 20th, and 40th day) of the production cycle, including cloacal swabs (n = 49), drinking water (n = 36), and feed (n = 35). All E. coli isolates were tested for resistance to eight antimicrobial agents. ESBL-producing E. coli was confirmed using the double-disc test. Furthermore, we conducted PCR to detect major ESBL genes, followed by sequencing of selected PCR products. Results We recovered a total of 173 E. coli isolates from the samples. These isolates exhibited varying degrees of resistance, with 100% resistance to cefixime, 83.3% to amoxicillin, 50% to tetracycline, and 33.3% to enrofloxacin. The occurrence of ESBL- E. coli initially decreased from day-old production to the 20th day but then increased in the subsequent 21st -40th day of the production cycle. Genotyping of ESBL revealed dynamic changes, with a progressive decrease in the occurrence of blaCTX-M and blaSHV in cloacal swabs and a corresponding increase in drinking water and feed. Notably, blaCTX-M-15 emerged as the predominant resistance determinant among antibiotic-resistant genes. Conclusions Our study sheds light on the probable vertical transmission of ESBL- E. coli from the parent flock to the studied birds, with a decrease observed up to the 20th day of the production cycle. Additionally, our findings highlight drinking water as a potential source of on-farm horizontal transmission of ESBL- E. coli . To prevent the spread of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria in birds and their products, it is essential for small-scale poultry farms to adopt strict biosecurity measures and maintain high hygiene standards. These insights have critical implications for poultry farming practices and public health.","PeriodicalId":500086,"journal":{"name":"Research Square (Research Square)","volume":"87 3","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134900988","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-14DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3554857/v1
Dong Sup Lee, Young Hyo Choi, Hee Youn Kim, Seung Ho Yang, Jun Sung Koh, Jin Bong Choi
Abstract Introduction 5AR (5-alpha reductase) inhibitors may have negative effects on psychosexual activity, but there is still debate. Objectives We aimed to observe the effect of 5-alpha reductase type 2 inhibition on the brain by using finasteride. Methods Eight fourteen-week-old male rats were assigned to one of three groups (Group 1 as the control group, Group 2 as the finasteride group, and Group 3 as the finasteride withdrawal group). Rats in Groups 2 and 3 were administered finasteride for 4 weeks, and then rats in Group 2 were sacrificed, whereas rats in Group 3 were sacrificed 4 weeks thereafter. RT‒PCR and western blot for brain hemisphere, and immunohistochemistry for hippocampus and VMPOA were performed to evaluate the effect of finasteride on 5-alpha reductase type 2 and c-Fos. Results Dihydrotestosterone (ng/dl) and the dihydrotestosterone to testosterone ratio (%) decreased after 1 month of finasteride administration (Group 2), but the changes were abrogated after discontinuation of the drug (Group 3). Generally, these results were generally in accordance with those from the western blot and immunohistochemistry experiments; however, western blot analysis of 5-alpha reductase type 2 remained downregulated in Group 3. ThemRNAexpression of 5AR and c-Fos did not significantly change but tended to increase during finasteride administration. Conclusions Administration of finasteride exerted an effect on the brain, including the hippocampus and VMPOA, via 5AR-2 inhibition, resulting in a decrease inc-Fos protein activation, which may disappear after long-term cessation of the drug.
{"title":"The effect of finasteride on the male rat brain","authors":"Dong Sup Lee, Young Hyo Choi, Hee Youn Kim, Seung Ho Yang, Jun Sung Koh, Jin Bong Choi","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-3554857/v1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-3554857/v1","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Introduction 5AR (5-alpha reductase) inhibitors may have negative effects on psychosexual activity, but there is still debate. Objectives We aimed to observe the effect of 5-alpha reductase type 2 inhibition on the brain by using finasteride. Methods Eight fourteen-week-old male rats were assigned to one of three groups (Group 1 as the control group, Group 2 as the finasteride group, and Group 3 as the finasteride withdrawal group). Rats in Groups 2 and 3 were administered finasteride for 4 weeks, and then rats in Group 2 were sacrificed, whereas rats in Group 3 were sacrificed 4 weeks thereafter. RT‒PCR and western blot for brain hemisphere, and immunohistochemistry for hippocampus and VMPOA were performed to evaluate the effect of finasteride on 5-alpha reductase type 2 and c-Fos. Results Dihydrotestosterone (ng/dl) and the dihydrotestosterone to testosterone ratio (%) decreased after 1 month of finasteride administration (Group 2), but the changes were abrogated after discontinuation of the drug (Group 3). Generally, these results were generally in accordance with those from the western blot and immunohistochemistry experiments; however, western blot analysis of 5-alpha reductase type 2 remained downregulated in Group 3. ThemRNAexpression of 5AR and c-Fos did not significantly change but tended to increase during finasteride administration. Conclusions Administration of finasteride exerted an effect on the brain, including the hippocampus and VMPOA, via 5AR-2 inhibition, resulting in a decrease inc-Fos protein activation, which may disappear after long-term cessation of the drug.","PeriodicalId":500086,"journal":{"name":"Research Square (Research Square)","volume":"87 2","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134900989","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-14DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3331910/v1
Athanasios Stamatopoulos, Paul Koehler, Andrew Cooper, Aaron Couture, Brad DiGiovine, Artem Matyskin, Veronika Mocko, Jonathan Morrell, Ellen O'Brien, Christiaan Vermeulen
Abstract The probability for a radioactive 88 Zr nucleus (83.4 day half life) to absorb neutrons across resonance energies — its neutron-capture resonance integral — is the largest ever reported and implies that the neutron-capture cross section is orders of magnitude larger than previously thought at energies relevant to nuclear test diagnostics and nucleosynthesis applications. However, these applications require the shape of this cross section across a range of energies, not just this integral quantity. We measured the 88 Zr neutron total cross section from 0.0253 to 500 eV. Because the same resonances or other nuclear structure responsible for the neutron capture-cross section are reflected in the total cross section, we used these data to extract the former from the latter as a function of energy. Our data reveal a resonance at 0.171 eV and result in a thermal neutron-capture cross section of 771,000±31,000 barns, in good agreement with the recently published value. In contrast, the neutron-capture resonance integral extracted from our data, 15,210±670 barns, is a factor of 200 smaller than the recently reported value. We discuss the impact of this difference on applications.
{"title":"Discovery of the origin of the enormous 88Zr neutron-capture cross section and quantifying its impact on applications","authors":"Athanasios Stamatopoulos, Paul Koehler, Andrew Cooper, Aaron Couture, Brad DiGiovine, Artem Matyskin, Veronika Mocko, Jonathan Morrell, Ellen O'Brien, Christiaan Vermeulen","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-3331910/v1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-3331910/v1","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The probability for a radioactive 88 Zr nucleus (83.4 day half life) to absorb neutrons across resonance energies — its neutron-capture resonance integral — is the largest ever reported and implies that the neutron-capture cross section is orders of magnitude larger than previously thought at energies relevant to nuclear test diagnostics and nucleosynthesis applications. However, these applications require the shape of this cross section across a range of energies, not just this integral quantity. We measured the 88 Zr neutron total cross section from 0.0253 to 500 eV. Because the same resonances or other nuclear structure responsible for the neutron capture-cross section are reflected in the total cross section, we used these data to extract the former from the latter as a function of energy. Our data reveal a resonance at 0.171 eV and result in a thermal neutron-capture cross section of 771,000±31,000 barns, in good agreement with the recently published value. In contrast, the neutron-capture resonance integral extracted from our data, 15,210±670 barns, is a factor of 200 smaller than the recently reported value. We discuss the impact of this difference on applications.","PeriodicalId":500086,"journal":{"name":"Research Square (Research Square)","volume":"81 21","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134900995","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-14DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3415024/v2
Suharno Usman
Abstract Adults and children ingested an average of 8.0–4.7 grams (444.45–261.11 mmol) of sodium daily, with an average urine sodium excretion of 151.78–54.78 mmol/l. As a result, it is strongly advised to limit sodium intake. The objective of this study to investigate and identify sodium intake by estimating urinary sodium excretion in hypertensive patients. A cross-sectional assessment of the 73 samples of 24-hour urine collection procedure using the KME-03 salinity checker and blood pressure (BP). Estimates of average daily salt (sodium) consumption (6.44 grams; 110.104 mmol). Female participants had greater estimated average sodium intake than males (6.49 grams110.99 mmol; 6.35 g-108.57 mmol). The correlation with systolic BP had no significance with direction negative correlation (r=-.330, p =.054) and positive correlation with diastolic BP (r=.343, p =.371). The participants' average urine salt excretion exceeded the reference norm and salt consumption was more than five g/d. Diverse population, repeated measurements, and determining the frequency of meals were needed
成人和儿童平均每日钠摄入量为8.0 ~ 4.7 g (444.45 ~ 261.11 mmol)，平均尿钠排泄量为151.78 ~ 54.78 mmol/l。因此，强烈建议限制钠的摄入量。本研究的目的是通过估计高血压患者尿钠排泄量来调查和确定钠摄入量。使用KME-03盐度检测器和血压(BP)对73例24小时尿液采集过程样本进行横断面评估。估计每日平均盐(钠)摄入量(6.44克;110.104更易)。女性参与者的估计平均钠摄入量高于男性(6.49克110.99毫摩尔;6.35 g-108.57 mmol)。与收缩压相关性无统计学意义，呈负相关(r=-)。330, p =.054)，与舒张压呈正相关(r=。343, p =.371)。参与者的平均尿盐排泄量超过参考标准，盐消耗量超过5克/天。不同的人群，重复测量，并确定进餐频率是必要的
{"title":"Estimation of sodium consumption in hypertensive patients based on urine sodium excretion: A Preliminary study","authors":"Suharno Usman","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-3415024/v2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-3415024/v2","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Adults and children ingested an average of 8.0–4.7 grams (444.45–261.11 mmol) of sodium daily, with an average urine sodium excretion of 151.78–54.78 mmol/l. As a result, it is strongly advised to limit sodium intake. The objective of this study to investigate and identify sodium intake by estimating urinary sodium excretion in hypertensive patients. A cross-sectional assessment of the 73 samples of 24-hour urine collection procedure using the KME-03 salinity checker and blood pressure (BP). Estimates of average daily salt (sodium) consumption (6.44 grams; 110.104 mmol). Female participants had greater estimated average sodium intake than males (6.49 grams110.99 mmol; 6.35 g-108.57 mmol). The correlation with systolic BP had no significance with direction negative correlation (r=-.330, p =.054) and positive correlation with diastolic BP (r=.343, p =.371). The participants' average urine salt excretion exceeded the reference norm and salt consumption was more than five g/d. Diverse population, repeated measurements, and determining the frequency of meals were needed","PeriodicalId":500086,"journal":{"name":"Research Square (Research Square)","volume":"46 12","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134901061","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-14DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3409954/v2
Dominik Wiedenhofer, Barbara Plank, Miklós Antal
Abstract Understanding the drivers of household greenhouse gas (GHG) footprints is crucial for designing measures accelerating emission reductions. Well-documented drivers are demand, energy efficiency and decarbonization of energy supply, while mobility and esp. working time have received less attention. Herein, the drivers of German household energy and GHG emissions footprints from 2000–2019 are decomposed using extended Kaya Decompositions. Footprints are declining at -1%/year, due to improving energy efficiency and decarbonization overcompensating the growth of per-capita and per-hour incomes. Private mobility footprints decline by -1.4%/year, driven up by growing distances, car-dominated modal splits and growing air travel, compensated by improving energy efficiency and decarbonization, slightly decreasing numbers of trips and stable expenditure on mobility. Aggregate working time is growing, which drives up footprints, while increasing part-time employment resultin small reductions of average per-capita working time. Part-time work is one form of working time reduction for which assumptions of the Kaya Decomposition are fairly realistic. However macro-economic feedbacks and potentially negative social side-effects of part-time work need to be addressed to design equitable policy measures. Remaining research issues are the roles of work-related trips and mobility on company expenses, delivery services and transport of goods, and targeted analyses for socio-economic groups.
{"title":"Declining household greenhouse gas footprints in Germany: Decomposing the contributions of working time, consumption, mobility, energy efficiency and decarbonization between 2000 - 2019","authors":"Dominik Wiedenhofer, Barbara Plank, Miklós Antal","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-3409954/v2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-3409954/v2","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Understanding the drivers of household greenhouse gas (GHG) footprints is crucial for designing measures accelerating emission reductions. Well-documented drivers are demand, energy efficiency and decarbonization of energy supply, while mobility and esp. working time have received less attention. Herein, the drivers of German household energy and GHG emissions footprints from 2000–2019 are decomposed using extended Kaya Decompositions. Footprints are declining at -1%/year, due to improving energy efficiency and decarbonization overcompensating the growth of per-capita and per-hour incomes. Private mobility footprints decline by -1.4%/year, driven up by growing distances, car-dominated modal splits and growing air travel, compensated by improving energy efficiency and decarbonization, slightly decreasing numbers of trips and stable expenditure on mobility. Aggregate working time is growing, which drives up footprints, while increasing part-time employment resultin small reductions of average per-capita working time. Part-time work is one form of working time reduction for which assumptions of the Kaya Decomposition are fairly realistic. However macro-economic feedbacks and potentially negative social side-effects of part-time work need to be addressed to design equitable policy measures. Remaining research issues are the roles of work-related trips and mobility on company expenses, delivery services and transport of goods, and targeted analyses for socio-economic groups.","PeriodicalId":500086,"journal":{"name":"Research Square (Research Square)","volume":"46 9","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134901064","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-14DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3582005/v1
Ronghui Chen, Jun Wu, Yinwei Che, Yuzhuo Jiao, Huashan Sun, Yinuo Zhao, Pingping Chen, Lingxin Meng, Tao Zhao
Abstract Background Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC), the most prevalent type of kidney malignancy, is noted for its high fatality rate, underscoring the imperative for reliable diagnostic and prognostic indicators. The mechanisms of cell death, cuproptosis and disulfidptosis, recently identified, along with the variable expression of associated genes and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), have been linked to the progression of cancer and resistance to treatment. The objective of this research is to delineate the functions of lncRNAs associated with cuproptosis and disulfidptosis (CDRLRs) in ccRCC, thereby enhancing the precision of prognostic evaluations and contributing to the development of targeted therapeutic approaches. Methods We applied the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression analysis to construct a prognostic signature from a set of CDRLRs. The data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) was segmented into high and low-risk groups based on median risk scores from the signature, to investigate their prognostic disparities. Results The derived signature, which includes four CDRLRs—ACVR2B-AS1, AC095055.1, AL161782.1, and MANEA-DT—was confirmed to be predictive for ccRCC patient outcomes, as evidenced by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves and Kaplan-Meier (K-M) survival analysis. The prognostic model enabled the graphical prediction of 1-, 3-, and 5-year survival rates for ccRCC patients, with calibration plots affirming the concordance between anticipated and observed survival rates. Additionally, the study assessed tumor mutation burden (TMB) and the immune microenvironment (TME) using oncoPredict and Immunophenoscore (IPS) algorithms, uncovering that patients in the high-risk group presented with increased TMB and distinctive TME profiles, which may influence their response to targeted and immune therapies. Notably, marked differences in the sensitivity to anticancer drugs were observed between the risk groups. Conclusion This investigation introduces a prognostic signature comprising cuproptosis and disulfidptosis-associated lncRNAs as a viable biomarker for ccRCC. Beyond enhancing prognostic accuracy, this signature holds the promise for steering personalized treatments, thereby advancing precision oncology for ccRCC. However, it is imperative to pursue further clinical validation to adopt these insights into clinical practice.
{"title":"Machine Learning-Driven Prognostic Analysis of Cuproptosis and Disulfidptosis-related lncRNAs in Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma: A Step Towards Precision Oncology","authors":"Ronghui Chen, Jun Wu, Yinwei Che, Yuzhuo Jiao, Huashan Sun, Yinuo Zhao, Pingping Chen, Lingxin Meng, Tao Zhao","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-3582005/v1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-3582005/v1","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Background Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC), the most prevalent type of kidney malignancy, is noted for its high fatality rate, underscoring the imperative for reliable diagnostic and prognostic indicators. The mechanisms of cell death, cuproptosis and disulfidptosis, recently identified, along with the variable expression of associated genes and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), have been linked to the progression of cancer and resistance to treatment. The objective of this research is to delineate the functions of lncRNAs associated with cuproptosis and disulfidptosis (CDRLRs) in ccRCC, thereby enhancing the precision of prognostic evaluations and contributing to the development of targeted therapeutic approaches. Methods We applied the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression analysis to construct a prognostic signature from a set of CDRLRs. The data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) was segmented into high and low-risk groups based on median risk scores from the signature, to investigate their prognostic disparities. Results The derived signature, which includes four CDRLRs—ACVR2B-AS1, AC095055.1, AL161782.1, and MANEA-DT—was confirmed to be predictive for ccRCC patient outcomes, as evidenced by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves and Kaplan-Meier (K-M) survival analysis. The prognostic model enabled the graphical prediction of 1-, 3-, and 5-year survival rates for ccRCC patients, with calibration plots affirming the concordance between anticipated and observed survival rates. Additionally, the study assessed tumor mutation burden (TMB) and the immune microenvironment (TME) using oncoPredict and Immunophenoscore (IPS) algorithms, uncovering that patients in the high-risk group presented with increased TMB and distinctive TME profiles, which may influence their response to targeted and immune therapies. Notably, marked differences in the sensitivity to anticancer drugs were observed between the risk groups. Conclusion This investigation introduces a prognostic signature comprising cuproptosis and disulfidptosis-associated lncRNAs as a viable biomarker for ccRCC. Beyond enhancing prognostic accuracy, this signature holds the promise for steering personalized treatments, thereby advancing precision oncology for ccRCC. However, it is imperative to pursue further clinical validation to adopt these insights into clinical practice.","PeriodicalId":500086,"journal":{"name":"Research Square (Research Square)","volume":"87 22","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134901114","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：