Abstract Introduction. Arterial supply of thalamus is complex and highly variable. In particular, the distribution pattern of thalamoperforating arteries received attention some decades ago, but not in recent years. Methods. We are presenting the case of a 46-year-old patient with wake-up drowsiness, complex oculomotor disorder and dysarthria. The brain CT showed a subacute ischemic stroke in the right anterior thalamus and rostral midbran with a normal CTA. DSA was performed, showing a variant of thalamic supply (Percheron type III), constituted by perforating branches arising from an artery bridging the P1 segments of both PCAs. Discussion. Thalamus has a complex and variable arterial supply, mainly in the paramedian thalamic-mesencephalic arteries. The most reported variant is Percheron type IIb and supplies the paramedian thalami and the rostral midbrain. Type IIb occlusion usually causes a bilateral paramedian thalamic stroke, but rostral midbrain and anterior thalamus are involved in 57% and 19% cases. Type III variant probably prevented the bilateral extension of infarction and involved the territory of tuberothalamic and paramedian perforating arteries. Conclusions. Currently, DSA allows directly imaging variants in thalamic vascularization and better understanding the stroke mechanisms. The use of increasingly efficient angiographic techniques could help define the anatomical and hemodynamic factors involved in causing ischemic lesions in territories previously considered difficult to explore.
{"title":"Type III Percheron’s variant in thalamic-mesencephalic infarction The unexpected anastomosis","authors":"Marialuisa Zedde, Ilaria Grisendi, Federica Assenza, Gabriele Vandelli, Claudio Moratti, Manuela Napoli, Franco Valzania, Rosario Pascarella","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-3581424/v1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-3581424/v1","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Introduction. Arterial supply of thalamus is complex and highly variable. In particular, the distribution pattern of thalamoperforating arteries received attention some decades ago, but not in recent years. Methods. We are presenting the case of a 46-year-old patient with wake-up drowsiness, complex oculomotor disorder and dysarthria. The brain CT showed a subacute ischemic stroke in the right anterior thalamus and rostral midbran with a normal CTA. DSA was performed, showing a variant of thalamic supply (Percheron type III), constituted by perforating branches arising from an artery bridging the P1 segments of both PCAs. Discussion. Thalamus has a complex and variable arterial supply, mainly in the paramedian thalamic-mesencephalic arteries. The most reported variant is Percheron type IIb and supplies the paramedian thalami and the rostral midbrain. Type IIb occlusion usually causes a bilateral paramedian thalamic stroke, but rostral midbrain and anterior thalamus are involved in 57% and 19% cases. Type III variant probably prevented the bilateral extension of infarction and involved the territory of tuberothalamic and paramedian perforating arteries. Conclusions. Currently, DSA allows directly imaging variants in thalamic vascularization and better understanding the stroke mechanisms. The use of increasingly efficient angiographic techniques could help define the anatomical and hemodynamic factors involved in causing ischemic lesions in territories previously considered difficult to explore.","PeriodicalId":500086,"journal":{"name":"Research Square (Research Square)","volume":"87 12","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134901124","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract The wound healing potentials of brown algae Turbinaria conoides aqueous extract (TCAe) and silver nanoparticles synthesized utilizing T. conoides aqueous extract (TCAgNPs) were investigated in this study. TCAgNPs and TCAe were tested for cytotoxicity on human dermal fibroblast cells using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, which revealed that TCAgNPs and TCAe were not cytotoxic and may be tested for medicinal qualities. TCAgNPs and TCAe were tested for wound healing efficacy using a wound scratch assay on human dermal fibroblast cells. The damaged cells were subjected to TCAgNPs and TCAe, which demonstrated stronger wound repair activities than the control (Untreated). The cell cycle study of human dermal fibroblast primary cell lines treated with TCAgNPs and TCAe, as well as those not treated, was performed using flow cytometry to determine the DNA content of the nuclei. These findings show that TCAgNPs-treated cells proliferated more than TCAe and control-treated cells, implying that cell proliferation is boosted, which aids the wound-healing process. During immunoblot analysis, the TCAgNPs-treated group showed higher collagen and fibronectin expression than the TCAe-treated group. Our findings imply that TCAgNPs and TCAe can repair wounds in vitro and could be used as a source of wound healing agents.
{"title":"In vitro Wound Healing Efficacy of Silver Nanoparticles Synthesized from Aqueous Extract of Turbinaria conoides.","authors":"Thirinavukkarasu Chitrikha Suresh, Thinnaur Venugopal Poonguzhali, Venkatraman Anuradha, Selvaraj Bharathi, Chokkalingam Deepa, Balasubramanian Ramesh, Kuppusamy Kavitha, Arumugam Rajalakshmi, Perumal Elumalai, Gopal Suresh","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-3509956/v1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-3509956/v1","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The wound healing potentials of brown algae Turbinaria conoides aqueous extract (TCAe) and silver nanoparticles synthesized utilizing T. conoides aqueous extract (TCAgNPs) were investigated in this study. TCAgNPs and TCAe were tested for cytotoxicity on human dermal fibroblast cells using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, which revealed that TCAgNPs and TCAe were not cytotoxic and may be tested for medicinal qualities. TCAgNPs and TCAe were tested for wound healing efficacy using a wound scratch assay on human dermal fibroblast cells. The damaged cells were subjected to TCAgNPs and TCAe, which demonstrated stronger wound repair activities than the control (Untreated). The cell cycle study of human dermal fibroblast primary cell lines treated with TCAgNPs and TCAe, as well as those not treated, was performed using flow cytometry to determine the DNA content of the nuclei. These findings show that TCAgNPs-treated cells proliferated more than TCAe and control-treated cells, implying that cell proliferation is boosted, which aids the wound-healing process. During immunoblot analysis, the TCAgNPs-treated group showed higher collagen and fibronectin expression than the TCAe-treated group. Our findings imply that TCAgNPs and TCAe can repair wounds in vitro and could be used as a source of wound healing agents.","PeriodicalId":500086,"journal":{"name":"Research Square (Research Square)","volume":"72 14","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134901151","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-14DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3582862/v1
Timo Pukkala, Yrjö Nuutinen, Timo Muhonen
Abstract A current trend in forestry is the increased use of continuous cover management (CCF). Another trend is the increased availability of tree-level forest inventory data. Accordingly, recent literature suggests methodologies for optimizing the harvest decisions at the tree level. Using tree-level optimization for all trees of the stand is computationally demanding. This study proposed a flexible two-level optimization method for CCF where the harvest prescriptions are optimized at the tree level only for a part of the trees, or only for the first cuttings. The higher-level algorithm optimizes the cutting years and the harvest rates of those diameter classes for which tree-level optimization is not used. The lower-level algorithm allocates the individually optimized trees to different cutting events. The most detailed problem formulations, employing much tree-level optimization, always resulted in the highest net present value and longest time consumption of the optimization run. However, reducing the use of tree-level optimization to the largest trees and first cuttings did not alter the time, intensity, or type of the first cutting significantly, which means that simplified problem formulations may be used when decision support is needed only for the next cutting. The method suggested here can accommodate diversity-related management objectives and makes it possible to analyze the trade-offs between economic profit and diversity objectives. The case study analyses suggested that significant improvements in diversity can be obtained with moderate reductions in economic profitability.
{"title":"A hybrid method for tree-level optimization in continuous cover forest management","authors":"Timo Pukkala, Yrjö Nuutinen, Timo Muhonen","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-3582862/v1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-3582862/v1","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract A current trend in forestry is the increased use of continuous cover management (CCF). Another trend is the increased availability of tree-level forest inventory data. Accordingly, recent literature suggests methodologies for optimizing the harvest decisions at the tree level. Using tree-level optimization for all trees of the stand is computationally demanding. This study proposed a flexible two-level optimization method for CCF where the harvest prescriptions are optimized at the tree level only for a part of the trees, or only for the first cuttings. The higher-level algorithm optimizes the cutting years and the harvest rates of those diameter classes for which tree-level optimization is not used. The lower-level algorithm allocates the individually optimized trees to different cutting events. The most detailed problem formulations, employing much tree-level optimization, always resulted in the highest net present value and longest time consumption of the optimization run. However, reducing the use of tree-level optimization to the largest trees and first cuttings did not alter the time, intensity, or type of the first cutting significantly, which means that simplified problem formulations may be used when decision support is needed only for the next cutting. The method suggested here can accommodate diversity-related management objectives and makes it possible to analyze the trade-offs between economic profit and diversity objectives. The case study analyses suggested that significant improvements in diversity can be obtained with moderate reductions in economic profitability.","PeriodicalId":500086,"journal":{"name":"Research Square (Research Square)","volume":"88 6","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134901251","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Aim: To assess and evaluate the canal shaping ability of two different Ni-Ti rotary systems ex-vivo: Vortex Blue (VB) and TruNatomy (TN), using micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) in extracted premolar human teeth. Materials and Methods: A total of 20 extracted bifurcated maxillary first premolars with two separate buccal and palatal canals wererandomly divided into two groups and prepared with either Vortex Blue or TruNatomy files. All teeth were scanned by micro-CT before and after root canal preparations. The micro-CT scans were analyzed to measure the following parameters: percentage of untouched canal surface area, changes in canal surface area, changes in canal volume, structural model index (SMI), changes in canal angulation and changes in dentin thickness. Statistical analysis was conducted to compare the means and standard deviations of the parameters between the two systems, with statistical significance level set at P -value < 0.05. Results: Both VB and TN files exhibited a significant increase in the basic canal geometry parameters including canal surface area and canal volume after canal instrumentation with no statistical significant differences between both files and with no considerable shaping mishaps or errors. Both file systems showed no significant changes in the SMI and dentin thickness after canal instrumentation. TN files demonstrated less straightening of the canal curvature compared to VB files with no statistically significant difference. Furthermore, TN files showed less cervical dentin removal when compared to VB files with no significant difference. A significant difference was found in TN group regarding dentin removal between coronal and apical thirds. Conclusion: Vortex Blue and TruNatomy files produced comparable root canal preparation with no considerable shaping mishaps or errors. Both files induced minimal canal straightening after preparation. TN files resulted in less removal of cervical dentin compared to apical dentin.
摘要目的:利用微型计算机断层扫描(micro-CT)技术，评估两种不同镍钛旋转系统:Vortex Blue (VB)和TruNatomy (TN)在离体人前磨牙上的根管成形能力。材料与方法:将20颗分离的上颌第一前磨牙(颊、腭两个独立管)随机分为两组，分别用Vortex Blue或TruNatomy锉进行预备。在根管预备前后对所有牙齿进行micro-CT扫描。对微ct扫描结果进行分析，测量以下参数:未触及根管表面积百分比、根管表面积变化量、根管体积变化量、结构模型指数(SMI)、根管成角变化量和牙本质厚度变化量。对两个系统参数的均值和标准差进行统计分析比较，统计学显著性水平设为P -value <0.05. 结果:VB和TN锉在根管预备后，根管的基本几何参数，包括根管表面积和根管体积都有显著增加，两种锉之间没有统计学上的显著差异，也没有明显的整形事故或错误。两种文件系统在根管预备后SMI和牙本质厚度均无显著变化。与VB锉相比，TN锉对椎管曲率的矫直效果较差，但差异无统计学意义。此外，TN锉与VB锉相比，牙本质去除较少，差异无统计学意义。TN组在冠状和根尖三分之一牙本质去除方面有显著差异。结论:Vortex Blue锉和TruNatomy锉所产生的根管预备效果相当，没有明显的成形事故或错误。两种锉在预备后均引起最小程度的根管矫直。与根尖牙本质相比，TN锉对颈牙本质的去除较少。
{"title":"Micro-Computed Tomographic Evaluation of the Shaping Ability of Vortex Blue and TruNatomyTM Ni-Ti Rotary Systems","authors":"Batool Alghamdi, Mey Al-Habib, Lina Bahanan, Ali Alrahalah, Leonel S.J. Bautista, LOAI ALSOFI","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-3578917/v1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-3578917/v1","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Aim: To assess and evaluate the canal shaping ability of two different Ni-Ti rotary systems ex-vivo: Vortex Blue (VB) and TruNatomy (TN), using micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) in extracted premolar human teeth. Materials and Methods: A total of 20 extracted bifurcated maxillary first premolars with two separate buccal and palatal canals wererandomly divided into two groups and prepared with either Vortex Blue or TruNatomy files. All teeth were scanned by micro-CT before and after root canal preparations. The micro-CT scans were analyzed to measure the following parameters: percentage of untouched canal surface area, changes in canal surface area, changes in canal volume, structural model index (SMI), changes in canal angulation and changes in dentin thickness. Statistical analysis was conducted to compare the means and standard deviations of the parameters between the two systems, with statistical significance level set at P -value < 0.05. Results: Both VB and TN files exhibited a significant increase in the basic canal geometry parameters including canal surface area and canal volume after canal instrumentation with no statistical significant differences between both files and with no considerable shaping mishaps or errors. Both file systems showed no significant changes in the SMI and dentin thickness after canal instrumentation. TN files demonstrated less straightening of the canal curvature compared to VB files with no statistically significant difference. Furthermore, TN files showed less cervical dentin removal when compared to VB files with no significant difference. A significant difference was found in TN group regarding dentin removal between coronal and apical thirds. Conclusion: Vortex Blue and TruNatomy files produced comparable root canal preparation with no considerable shaping mishaps or errors. Both files induced minimal canal straightening after preparation. TN files resulted in less removal of cervical dentin compared to apical dentin.","PeriodicalId":500086,"journal":{"name":"Research Square (Research Square)","volume":"88 5","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134901252","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Recent research has postulated that the activation of interferon signaling pathways could be implicated in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, the precise types of interferons and related cytokines, both from the brain and periphery, responsible for cognitive impairment in patients with AD remain unclear. A total of 131 participants (78 [59.5%] female and 53 [40.5%] male; mean [SD] age, 61.5 [7.6] years) with normal cognition and cognitive impairment from the China Aging and Neurodegenerative Initiative cohort were included. CSF and serum IFNα-2a, IFN-β, IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-6, IL-10, MCP-1and CXCL-10 were tested. The correlation between these interferons and related cytokines with AD core biomarkers in the CSF and plasma, cognition performance, and brain MRI measures were analyzed. We found that only CSF IFN-β levels were significantly elevated in Alzheimer’s disease compared to normal cognition. Furthermore, CSF IFN-β levels were significantly associated with AD core biomarkers (CSF P-tau and Aβ42/Aβ40 ratio) and cognitive performance (MMSE and CDR score). Additionally, the CSF IFN-β levels were significantly correlated with the typical pattern of brain atrophy in AD (such as hippocampus, amygdala, and precuneus). In contrast, CSF IL-6 levels were significantly elevated in non-AD cognitively impaired patients compared to other groups. Moreover, CSF IL-6 levels were significantly associated with cognitive performance in non-AD individuals and correlated with the vascular cognitive impairment-related MRI markers (such as white matter hyperintensity). Our findings demonstrate that distinct inflammatory molecules are associated with different cognitive disorders. Most notably, CSF IFN-β levels are significantly linked to the pathology and cognitive performance of AD, identifying this interferon as a potential target for AD therapy.
{"title":"CSF interferon-β: A key player in Alzheimer’s disease pathogenesis and cognitive impairment","authors":"Yong Shen, Qiong Wang, Shufen Yuan, Chenxi Wang, Duntao Huang, Mengguo Zhang, Yaxi Zhan, Feng Gao, Jiong Shi, Allan Levey","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-3591564/v1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-3591564/v1","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Recent research has postulated that the activation of interferon signaling pathways could be implicated in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, the precise types of interferons and related cytokines, both from the brain and periphery, responsible for cognitive impairment in patients with AD remain unclear. A total of 131 participants (78 [59.5%] female and 53 [40.5%] male; mean [SD] age, 61.5 [7.6] years) with normal cognition and cognitive impairment from the China Aging and Neurodegenerative Initiative cohort were included. CSF and serum IFNα-2a, IFN-β, IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-6, IL-10, MCP-1and CXCL-10 were tested. The correlation between these interferons and related cytokines with AD core biomarkers in the CSF and plasma, cognition performance, and brain MRI measures were analyzed. We found that only CSF IFN-β levels were significantly elevated in Alzheimer’s disease compared to normal cognition. Furthermore, CSF IFN-β levels were significantly associated with AD core biomarkers (CSF P-tau and Aβ42/Aβ40 ratio) and cognitive performance (MMSE and CDR score). Additionally, the CSF IFN-β levels were significantly correlated with the typical pattern of brain atrophy in AD (such as hippocampus, amygdala, and precuneus). In contrast, CSF IL-6 levels were significantly elevated in non-AD cognitively impaired patients compared to other groups. Moreover, CSF IL-6 levels were significantly associated with cognitive performance in non-AD individuals and correlated with the vascular cognitive impairment-related MRI markers (such as white matter hyperintensity). Our findings demonstrate that distinct inflammatory molecules are associated with different cognitive disorders. Most notably, CSF IFN-β levels are significantly linked to the pathology and cognitive performance of AD, identifying this interferon as a potential target for AD therapy.","PeriodicalId":500086,"journal":{"name":"Research Square (Research Square)","volume":"83 4","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134901266","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-14DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3474507/v1
Yong-Jun Wang, Yangkang Zheng, Lin Cong, Pengyu Wang, Li Zhao, Lianping Xing, Junling Liu, Hao Xu, Ning Li, Yongjian Zhao, Qi Shi, Qianqian Liang
Abstract Lymphatic vessels (LVs) interdigitated with blood vessels, travel and form an extensive transport network in the musculoskeletal system. Blood vessels in bone regulate osteogenesis and hematopoiesis, however, whether LVs in bone affect fracture healing is unclear. Here, by near infrared indocyanine green lymphatic imaging (NIR-ICG), we examined lymphatic draining function at the tibial fracture sites and found lymphatic drainage insufficiency (LDI) occurred as early as two weeks after fracture. Sufficient lymphatic drainage facilitates fracture healing. In addition, we identified that lymphatic platelet thrombosis (LPT) blocks the draining lymphoid sinus and LVs, caused LDI and then inhibited fracture healing, which can be rescued by a pharmacological approach. Moreover, unblocked lymphatic drainage decreased neutrophils and increased M2-like macrophages of hematoma niche to support osteoblast (OB) survival and bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cell (BMSC) proliferation via transporting damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs). These findings demonstrate that LPT limits bone regeneration by blocking lymphatic drainage from transporting DAMPs. Together, these findings represent a novel way forward in the treatment of bone repair.
{"title":"Lymphatic platelet thrombosis limits bone repair by precluding lymphatic transporting DAMPs","authors":"Yong-Jun Wang, Yangkang Zheng, Lin Cong, Pengyu Wang, Li Zhao, Lianping Xing, Junling Liu, Hao Xu, Ning Li, Yongjian Zhao, Qi Shi, Qianqian Liang","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-3474507/v1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-3474507/v1","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Lymphatic vessels (LVs) interdigitated with blood vessels, travel and form an extensive transport network in the musculoskeletal system. Blood vessels in bone regulate osteogenesis and hematopoiesis, however, whether LVs in bone affect fracture healing is unclear. Here, by near infrared indocyanine green lymphatic imaging (NIR-ICG), we examined lymphatic draining function at the tibial fracture sites and found lymphatic drainage insufficiency (LDI) occurred as early as two weeks after fracture. Sufficient lymphatic drainage facilitates fracture healing. In addition, we identified that lymphatic platelet thrombosis (LPT) blocks the draining lymphoid sinus and LVs, caused LDI and then inhibited fracture healing, which can be rescued by a pharmacological approach. Moreover, unblocked lymphatic drainage decreased neutrophils and increased M2-like macrophages of hematoma niche to support osteoblast (OB) survival and bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cell (BMSC) proliferation via transporting damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs). These findings demonstrate that LPT limits bone regeneration by blocking lymphatic drainage from transporting DAMPs. Together, these findings represent a novel way forward in the treatment of bone repair.","PeriodicalId":500086,"journal":{"name":"Research Square (Research Square)","volume":"82 24","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134901270","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-14DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3596062/v1
meryem CHERRATE, My Abdelouahed SABRI, YAHYAOUY Ali, AARAB Abdellah
Abstract In our Moroccan society, as in the rest of the world, we find a significant proportion of deaf-mutes who represent 5% of the world's population, the equivalent of 466 people suffering from hearing loss. These people use sign language as a means of transmitting their messages, emotions and expressions to other people, which implies little or no hearing. To facilitate communication between deaf-mutes and normal people who do not know sign language, we have proposed in this article an approach that enables the textual transcription of sign language into natural language. Due to the development of Artificial Intelligence, we will propose an approach that is based on a combination of four deep learning architectures, with the weights of each architecture calculated according to their performance using genetic algorithms. It turns out that using the weighted voting method of deep learning or the so-called ensemble method gives a better performance to the results obtained using each deep learning architecture separately and compared to recent approaches in the literature, enabling us to predict signs and improve the accuracy rate to 99%.
{"title":"A deep learning approach with weighted voting for Moroccan sign classification","authors":"meryem CHERRATE, My Abdelouahed SABRI, YAHYAOUY Ali, AARAB Abdellah","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-3596062/v1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-3596062/v1","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract In our Moroccan society, as in the rest of the world, we find a significant proportion of deaf-mutes who represent 5% of the world's population, the equivalent of 466 people suffering from hearing loss. These people use sign language as a means of transmitting their messages, emotions and expressions to other people, which implies little or no hearing. To facilitate communication between deaf-mutes and normal people who do not know sign language, we have proposed in this article an approach that enables the textual transcription of sign language into natural language. Due to the development of Artificial Intelligence, we will propose an approach that is based on a combination of four deep learning architectures, with the weights of each architecture calculated according to their performance using genetic algorithms. It turns out that using the weighted voting method of deep learning or the so-called ensemble method gives a better performance to the results obtained using each deep learning architecture separately and compared to recent approaches in the literature, enabling us to predict signs and improve the accuracy rate to 99%.","PeriodicalId":500086,"journal":{"name":"Research Square (Research Square)","volume":"73 13","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134901283","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-14DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3588343/v1
Abera Abiyo Dofee, Firehiwot Goshu
Abstract Soil erosion has influenced the environmental quality and agricultural productivity of the land. The household survey and combined geospatial techniques were applied to carry out the research. The SRTM digital elevation dataset was used for morphometric analysis of relief and drainage systems in the study area. Landsat 4-5-TM C 2 L 2 images between 2005–2020 were applied for analysis of land use and land cover dynamics. Furthermore, FAO/USDA Soil map of the world was used for soil classification, and soil laboratory analysis was also taken place to find out the depletion of soil micronutrients by soil erosion. Results of morphometric analysis revealed that the topographic nature of the surface, slope gradient of the area, drainage feature of rivers and land use/land cover conditions of soil surface are found to be facilitating factors of soil erosion in the district. Most of the respondents also confirmed that over cultivation, cultivation of steep slopes, deforestation, over-grazing, unreliable soil management practices and poor agricultural techniques are the main causes for the prevalence of soil erosion in the study area. About 91% of the interviewed households have observed a decline in the productivity of land in their farm field. Similarly, the crop productivity per hectare for selected dominantly produced crops decreased over 5 cropping years between 2013–2017. According to soil laboratory analysis, the soil of the study area is characterized by moderately acidic, low category of OM and organic carbon content, low proportion of available phosphorus and very low to low range of total nitrogen. Most of the surveyed households are food insecure due to loss of agricultural productivity by soil erosion. It is recommended that combating the severity of the soil degradation problem by applying various soil management practices should be critically considered.
{"title":"Soil Erosion Impacts on Crop Productivity and Its Implications on Food Security in Kechabira District, Southern Ethiopia","authors":"Abera Abiyo Dofee, Firehiwot Goshu","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-3588343/v1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-3588343/v1","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Soil erosion has influenced the environmental quality and agricultural productivity of the land. The household survey and combined geospatial techniques were applied to carry out the research. The SRTM digital elevation dataset was used for morphometric analysis of relief and drainage systems in the study area. Landsat 4-5-TM C 2 L 2 images between 2005–2020 were applied for analysis of land use and land cover dynamics. Furthermore, FAO/USDA Soil map of the world was used for soil classification, and soil laboratory analysis was also taken place to find out the depletion of soil micronutrients by soil erosion. Results of morphometric analysis revealed that the topographic nature of the surface, slope gradient of the area, drainage feature of rivers and land use/land cover conditions of soil surface are found to be facilitating factors of soil erosion in the district. Most of the respondents also confirmed that over cultivation, cultivation of steep slopes, deforestation, over-grazing, unreliable soil management practices and poor agricultural techniques are the main causes for the prevalence of soil erosion in the study area. About 91% of the interviewed households have observed a decline in the productivity of land in their farm field. Similarly, the crop productivity per hectare for selected dominantly produced crops decreased over 5 cropping years between 2013–2017. According to soil laboratory analysis, the soil of the study area is characterized by moderately acidic, low category of OM and organic carbon content, low proportion of available phosphorus and very low to low range of total nitrogen. Most of the surveyed households are food insecure due to loss of agricultural productivity by soil erosion. It is recommended that combating the severity of the soil degradation problem by applying various soil management practices should be critically considered.","PeriodicalId":500086,"journal":{"name":"Research Square (Research Square)","volume":"83 24","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134901403","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Background The Continuum of care for reproductive, maternal, newborn, and child health includes integrated service delivery for mothers and children from pre-pregnancy to delivery, the immediate postnatal period, and childhood. In Ethiopia, the magnitude of antenatal care, skilled delivery, postnatal care, and immunization for children have shown improvement. Despite this, there was limited research on the percentage of mothers who have completed maternal and child continuum care. Objective To assess the Completion of Maternal and Child Health Continuum of Care and Associated Factors among women in Gode District, Shebele Zone, Eastern Ethiopia ,2022. Method A community-based cross-sectional study design applied from November 1–15, 2022. A stratified sampling method was applied. A woman who gave birth in the last year preceding the data collection period will be included in the study. An interviewer-administered semi-structured questioner will be used for data collection. Data collected by using kobo collect and analyzed using STATA version 17. Both Bivariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses will be done. In multivariable analysis, variables having P-values less than 0.05 will be taken as factors associated with the completion of the maternal and child health continuum of care. Result The Completion of MCH continuum of care was 13.5% (10.7%-17.0%) in Gode district,2022. Accordingly, Husband occupation (Government employee) [AOR = 2.3, 95%CI:(1.2–4.7)] and perceived time to reach health facility (less than 30 minutes) [AOR = 2.96, 95%CI:(1.2–7.5)] were factors showing significant association with maternal and child health continuum of care among mothers in Gode district, Somali regional State;2023 at P-value ≤ 0.05. Conclusion and recommendation: Only 13.5% of mothers in Gode district received all of the recommended maternal and child health services during their pregnancy, childbirth, and postpartum period. The study found that two factors were associated with a higher likelihood of receiving MCH continuum of care: husband occupation and perceived time to reach a health facility. Governments can play a key role in increasing the maternal and child health continuum of care by investing in health care infrastructure
{"title":"Completion of Maternal and Child Health Continuum of Care and Associated Factors Among Women in Gode District, Shebele Zone, Eastern Ethiopia ,2022","authors":"Liyew Mekonen Ayehubizu, Semehal Haile Yohannes, zemenu Shiferaw yadeta, Metsihet Tariku Fetene","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-3553435/v1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-3553435/v1","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Background The Continuum of care for reproductive, maternal, newborn, and child health includes integrated service delivery for mothers and children from pre-pregnancy to delivery, the immediate postnatal period, and childhood. In Ethiopia, the magnitude of antenatal care, skilled delivery, postnatal care, and immunization for children have shown improvement. Despite this, there was limited research on the percentage of mothers who have completed maternal and child continuum care. Objective To assess the Completion of Maternal and Child Health Continuum of Care and Associated Factors among women in Gode District, Shebele Zone, Eastern Ethiopia ,2022. Method A community-based cross-sectional study design applied from November 1–15, 2022. A stratified sampling method was applied. A woman who gave birth in the last year preceding the data collection period will be included in the study. An interviewer-administered semi-structured questioner will be used for data collection. Data collected by using kobo collect and analyzed using STATA version 17. Both Bivariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses will be done. In multivariable analysis, variables having P-values less than 0.05 will be taken as factors associated with the completion of the maternal and child health continuum of care. Result The Completion of MCH continuum of care was 13.5% (10.7%-17.0%) in Gode district,2022. Accordingly, Husband occupation (Government employee) [AOR = 2.3, 95%CI:(1.2–4.7)] and perceived time to reach health facility (less than 30 minutes) [AOR = 2.96, 95%CI:(1.2–7.5)] were factors showing significant association with maternal and child health continuum of care among mothers in Gode district, Somali regional State;2023 at P-value ≤ 0.05. Conclusion and recommendation: Only 13.5% of mothers in Gode district received all of the recommended maternal and child health services during their pregnancy, childbirth, and postpartum period. The study found that two factors were associated with a higher likelihood of receiving MCH continuum of care: husband occupation and perceived time to reach a health facility. Governments can play a key role in increasing the maternal and child health continuum of care by investing in health care infrastructure","PeriodicalId":500086,"journal":{"name":"Research Square (Research Square)","volume":"83 21","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134901406","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-14DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-2712115/v2
Yajuan Zhang, Yi Cui, Yijun Li, Hongliang Lu, He Huang, Jiaru Sui, Zhihua Guo, Danmin Miao
Abstract Background: The move away from investigating mental disorders as whole using sum scores to the analysis of symptom-level interactions using network analysis has provided new insights into comorbidity.The current study explored the dynamic interactions between depressive and anxiety symptoms in older Chinese adults with diabetes mellitus (DM) and identified central and bridge symptoms in the depression-anxiety network to provide targets for prevention and intervention into depression and anxiety. Methods: This study used a cross-sectional design with data from the 2017–2018 wave of the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey (CLHLS). A regularized partial correlation network for depression and anxiety was estimated based on self-reported scales completed by 1685 older adults with DM aged 65 years or older. Expected influence (EI) and bridge expected influence(BEI) indices were calculated for each symptom. Results: The prevalences of depression and anxiety in our sample were 52.9% and 12.8%, respectively. The comorbidity rate of depression and anxiety was 11.5%. The six edges with the strongest regularized partial correlations were between symptoms from the same disorder. “Feeling blue/depressed”, “Nervousness or anxiety”, “Uncontrollable worry”, “Trouble relaxing”, and “Worry too much” had the highest EI values. “Nervousness or anxiety” and “Everything was an effort” exhibited the highest BEI values. Conclusion: Central and bridge symptoms were highlighted in this study. Targeting these symptoms may be effective in preventing the comorbidity of depressive and anxiety symptoms and facilitate interventions in older Chinese adults with DM who are at risk for or suffer from depressive and anxiety symptoms.
{"title":"Network analysis of depressive and anxiety symptoms in older Chinese adults with diabetes mellitus","authors":"Yajuan Zhang, Yi Cui, Yijun Li, Hongliang Lu, He Huang, Jiaru Sui, Zhihua Guo, Danmin Miao","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-2712115/v2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-2712115/v2","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Background: The move away from investigating mental disorders as whole using sum scores to the analysis of symptom-level interactions using network analysis has provided new insights into comorbidity.The current study explored the dynamic interactions between depressive and anxiety symptoms in older Chinese adults with diabetes mellitus (DM) and identified central and bridge symptoms in the depression-anxiety network to provide targets for prevention and intervention into depression and anxiety. Methods: This study used a cross-sectional design with data from the 2017–2018 wave of the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey (CLHLS). A regularized partial correlation network for depression and anxiety was estimated based on self-reported scales completed by 1685 older adults with DM aged 65 years or older. Expected influence (EI) and bridge expected influence(BEI) indices were calculated for each symptom. Results: The prevalences of depression and anxiety in our sample were 52.9% and 12.8%, respectively. The comorbidity rate of depression and anxiety was 11.5%. The six edges with the strongest regularized partial correlations were between symptoms from the same disorder. “Feeling blue/depressed”, “Nervousness or anxiety”, “Uncontrollable worry”, “Trouble relaxing”, and “Worry too much” had the highest EI values. “Nervousness or anxiety” and “Everything was an effort” exhibited the highest BEI values. Conclusion: Central and bridge symptoms were highlighted in this study. Targeting these symptoms may be effective in preventing the comorbidity of depressive and anxiety symptoms and facilitate interventions in older Chinese adults with DM who are at risk for or suffer from depressive and anxiety symptoms.","PeriodicalId":500086,"journal":{"name":"Research Square (Research Square)","volume":"54 4","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134901457","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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