Pub Date : 2023-04-01DOI: 10.4103/jasi.jasi_164_22
Asrın Nalbant, Duygu Saygin, A. Aydın, Anıl Didem Aydın Kabakçı
Objective: Mineral metabolism disorders are common in chronic kidney disease (CKD) and increase the risk of fractures. It has been confirmed by animal models that these changes in bone also cause negative results in the mechanical properties of bone. Although there are many available methods for diagnosing metabolic bone disorders and estimating fracture risk, it has been suggested that biomechanical tests that provide information about bone's structural and material properties are most appropriate, particularly in small rodents with CKD. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effects of trauma-induced kidney damage on bone biomechanical properties. Materials and Methods: In this study, we used 16 adult Wistar Albino rats, 200–300 g, 4–5 months old. The animals were examined under two groups: kidney control (n = 9) and healty kidney control group and kidney damage group (n = 7). In the control group, the rats were fixed by laparotomy, and the kidneys were closed without suturing. However, the kidney damage group was approached by suturing. Results: When the bone biomechanical properties of the control and kidney-damaged groups were compared, a statistically significant difference was found between the displacement at maximum load, duration, and young's modulus groups (P < 0.005). Conclusion: The study showed that the bone biomechanical properties of rats with trauma-induced kidney damage changed, and there was an increased fracture risk.
{"title":"Investigation of bone biomechanics in rats with traumatic kidney injury","authors":"Asrın Nalbant, Duygu Saygin, A. Aydın, Anıl Didem Aydın Kabakçı","doi":"10.4103/jasi.jasi_164_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jasi.jasi_164_22","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: Mineral metabolism disorders are common in chronic kidney disease (CKD) and increase the risk of fractures. It has been confirmed by animal models that these changes in bone also cause negative results in the mechanical properties of bone. Although there are many available methods for diagnosing metabolic bone disorders and estimating fracture risk, it has been suggested that biomechanical tests that provide information about bone's structural and material properties are most appropriate, particularly in small rodents with CKD. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effects of trauma-induced kidney damage on bone biomechanical properties. Materials and Methods: In this study, we used 16 adult Wistar Albino rats, 200–300 g, 4–5 months old. The animals were examined under two groups: kidney control (n = 9) and healty kidney control group and kidney damage group (n = 7). In the control group, the rats were fixed by laparotomy, and the kidneys were closed without suturing. However, the kidney damage group was approached by suturing. Results: When the bone biomechanical properties of the control and kidney-damaged groups were compared, a statistically significant difference was found between the displacement at maximum load, duration, and young's modulus groups (P < 0.005). Conclusion: The study showed that the bone biomechanical properties of rats with trauma-induced kidney damage changed, and there was an increased fracture risk.","PeriodicalId":50010,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Anatomical Society of India","volume":"72 1","pages":"151 - 157"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44155394","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-01DOI: 10.4103/jasi.jasi_185_21
I. Tuncer
Introduction: The objective of this study was to determine the normal values of corpus callosum (CC) subregions in healthy adult individuals in our population using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and to reveal gender differences during normal aging. Material and Methods: We performed the measurements of certain CC dimensions in 104 (44 males and 60 females) individuals. MRI imaging device was used for the measurements. The subregions of CC were measured with the midsagittal images. After the measurements of CC and its sections' (rostrum [R], genus [G], anterior body, posterior body, isthmus [I], and splenium [S]), length (L), width (W), and area (A) were carried out, the intracranial volume (ICV) and intracranial area (ICA) values were calculated. The Student's t-test and Pearson correlation test were used for statistical analysis. Results: Morphometric data of length, width, area, ICV, and ICA were collected. No significant difference was identified in CC morphometry by age among the patients (P > 0.05). Indicating longer diameters in males, the differences between the genders were significant (P < 0.05). Moreover, the mean of R-L, G-A, and G-W measurements was found significant between the age groups (P < 0.001). Conclusion: Sexual dimorphism in the CC is not a simple artifact of sex differences in brain size and may reflect differences in connectivity necessitated by differences in brain sizes.
{"title":"Morphometric evaluation of the human corpus callosum using magnetic resonance imaging: Sex difference and relationship to age and intracranial size","authors":"I. Tuncer","doi":"10.4103/jasi.jasi_185_21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jasi.jasi_185_21","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: The objective of this study was to determine the normal values of corpus callosum (CC) subregions in healthy adult individuals in our population using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and to reveal gender differences during normal aging. Material and Methods: We performed the measurements of certain CC dimensions in 104 (44 males and 60 females) individuals. MRI imaging device was used for the measurements. The subregions of CC were measured with the midsagittal images. After the measurements of CC and its sections' (rostrum [R], genus [G], anterior body, posterior body, isthmus [I], and splenium [S]), length (L), width (W), and area (A) were carried out, the intracranial volume (ICV) and intracranial area (ICA) values were calculated. The Student's t-test and Pearson correlation test were used for statistical analysis. Results: Morphometric data of length, width, area, ICV, and ICA were collected. No significant difference was identified in CC morphometry by age among the patients (P > 0.05). Indicating longer diameters in males, the differences between the genders were significant (P < 0.05). Moreover, the mean of R-L, G-A, and G-W measurements was found significant between the age groups (P < 0.001). Conclusion: Sexual dimorphism in the CC is not a simple artifact of sex differences in brain size and may reflect differences in connectivity necessitated by differences in brain sizes.","PeriodicalId":50010,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Anatomical Society of India","volume":"72 1","pages":"114 - 121"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44430128","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-01DOI: 10.4103/jasi.jasi_188_21
Ş. Erdem, K. Gündüz, P. Kasap
Introduction: The aim of this study was to investigate the incidence of ponticulus posticus (PP) in a sample population with cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). Materials and Methods: The images of 1000 patients who were examined CBCT were analyzed retrospectively. The frequency of PP was evaluated. The presence of complete or partial PP in the atlas was examined on reformed sagittal cross-sectional images. Results: It was found that PP was detected in 250 patients (25%). When the prevalence of PP among gender was examined, it was found that 129 (24.2%) of 533 females and 121 (25.9%) of 467 males had PP. Complete PP was detected in 142 patients and partial PP was detected in a total of 151 patients. Discussion and Conclusion: In conclusion, PP is a common variation of the atlas. The increase in the frequency of complete PP and the decrease in the frequency of partial PP in older age groups suggested that there may be a correlation between age and PP formation.
{"title":"Evaluation of the Ponticulus Posticus with Cone-beam Computed Tomography in a Turkish Population","authors":"Ş. Erdem, K. Gündüz, P. Kasap","doi":"10.4103/jasi.jasi_188_21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jasi.jasi_188_21","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: The aim of this study was to investigate the incidence of ponticulus posticus (PP) in a sample population with cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). Materials and Methods: The images of 1000 patients who were examined CBCT were analyzed retrospectively. The frequency of PP was evaluated. The presence of complete or partial PP in the atlas was examined on reformed sagittal cross-sectional images. Results: It was found that PP was detected in 250 patients (25%). When the prevalence of PP among gender was examined, it was found that 129 (24.2%) of 533 females and 121 (25.9%) of 467 males had PP. Complete PP was detected in 142 patients and partial PP was detected in a total of 151 patients. Discussion and Conclusion: In conclusion, PP is a common variation of the atlas. The increase in the frequency of complete PP and the decrease in the frequency of partial PP in older age groups suggested that there may be a correlation between age and PP formation.","PeriodicalId":50010,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Anatomical Society of India","volume":"348 ","pages":"140 - 144"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41280818","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-01DOI: 10.4103/jasi.jasi_148_22
P. Bhadoria, Kavita Modi, Brijendra Singh, J. Chaturvedi, Amarjyoti Chaturvedi, Bhavaniprasad Mahindrakar
Background of Study: To assess the prenatal development of the human liver at gestation ages (GAs) 12–36 weeks using microscopic parameters and their correlation to predict the GA. The observation of microscopic features such as Kupffer cells (KCs), hematopoietic activity, stellate cells, glycogen granules, central vein (CV), and portal triad (PT) carries immense importance for its use in the estimation of fetal GA, detection of anatomical variations, and identification of congenital anomalies concerning branches such as anatomy, surgery, forensic sciences, radiology, pediatrics, and phytopathology. Materials and Methods: The present study was conducted in the department of anatomy on 33 normal fetuses of GA 12–36 weeks and classified them into 5 groups as A (12–16 weeks), B (17–21 weeks), C (22–26 weeks), D (27–31 weeks), and E (32–36 weeks). The general parameters were measured. Slides were prepared as per standard protocol and observed under a light microscope. Results: Microscopic observation reveals CV and PT in 15 weeks, dominant hematopoiesis till 21 weeks and then declines gradually, KC in 16 weeks, sinusoids in 19 weeks, glycogen granules deposition from 36 weeks, and hepatic lobule and portal lobule appears at 31 weeks. Conclusion: The knowledge of morphological features with respect to gestational age is a reliable reference help to prevent misdiagnosis of various pathological conditions of the liver such as cirrhosis, hepatomegaly, fetal anemia, intrauterine growth retardation, and congenital anomalies.
{"title":"Embryogenesis and histogenesis of the human fetal liver at various stages of gestation","authors":"P. Bhadoria, Kavita Modi, Brijendra Singh, J. Chaturvedi, Amarjyoti Chaturvedi, Bhavaniprasad Mahindrakar","doi":"10.4103/jasi.jasi_148_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jasi.jasi_148_22","url":null,"abstract":"Background of Study: To assess the prenatal development of the human liver at gestation ages (GAs) 12–36 weeks using microscopic parameters and their correlation to predict the GA. The observation of microscopic features such as Kupffer cells (KCs), hematopoietic activity, stellate cells, glycogen granules, central vein (CV), and portal triad (PT) carries immense importance for its use in the estimation of fetal GA, detection of anatomical variations, and identification of congenital anomalies concerning branches such as anatomy, surgery, forensic sciences, radiology, pediatrics, and phytopathology. Materials and Methods: The present study was conducted in the department of anatomy on 33 normal fetuses of GA 12–36 weeks and classified them into 5 groups as A (12–16 weeks), B (17–21 weeks), C (22–26 weeks), D (27–31 weeks), and E (32–36 weeks). The general parameters were measured. Slides were prepared as per standard protocol and observed under a light microscope. Results: Microscopic observation reveals CV and PT in 15 weeks, dominant hematopoiesis till 21 weeks and then declines gradually, KC in 16 weeks, sinusoids in 19 weeks, glycogen granules deposition from 36 weeks, and hepatic lobule and portal lobule appears at 31 weeks. Conclusion: The knowledge of morphological features with respect to gestational age is a reliable reference help to prevent misdiagnosis of various pathological conditions of the liver such as cirrhosis, hepatomegaly, fetal anemia, intrauterine growth retardation, and congenital anomalies.","PeriodicalId":50010,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Anatomical Society of India","volume":"72 1","pages":"105 - 113"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43601535","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-01DOI: 10.4103/jasi.jasi_112_22
Sonali Subhadarsini, Aboobacker Shani, D. Mishra
Background: The present study is a computed tomography (CT)-based topographic analysis of cerebral stroke that constitutes the distribution of infarction and hemorrhage with respect to different neuro-anatomical structures. CT scanning is the easily affordable technique in India for the accurate diagnosis of cerebral stroke. Aim: The aim of the present study is to evaluate the incidence of brain stroke by CT scan in patients with cerebrovascular accidents. Subjects and Methods: Patients with cerebrovascular accidents were subjected to CT scan of the head using GE Revolution ACTs 16 slice multi-detector row CT scanners, slice thickness – 2 mm, 5 mm, and 10 mm and matrix size of 512 × 512. The incidence of stroke in patients over 20 years of age at SCB Medical College was evaluated during the period 2019–2021. The incidence of stroke was studied according to age, sex, and stroke subtype with arterial involvement. Results: The topography of brain infarction was highly variable with all regions of the middle cerebral artery (MCA) territory. There were 190 ischemic and 106 hemorrhagic stroke cases out of 296 patients. The mean age was 55.28 ± 12.73 years. Maximum stroke cases were seen in the age group of 41–60 years and 61–80 years of age. The most common site was basal ganglia 112 (37.83%) and common arterial involvement was MCA 161 (54.4%) with statistical significance (P < 0.05). Conclusions: The incidence of stroke rises with age and has its peak in the highly productive age group of 40–60 years of age. The findings of the present study will be helpful to young doctors for proper diagnosis and treatment.
{"title":"Neuroanatomy of stroke: A computed tomography-based topographic analysis","authors":"Sonali Subhadarsini, Aboobacker Shani, D. Mishra","doi":"10.4103/jasi.jasi_112_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jasi.jasi_112_22","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The present study is a computed tomography (CT)-based topographic analysis of cerebral stroke that constitutes the distribution of infarction and hemorrhage with respect to different neuro-anatomical structures. CT scanning is the easily affordable technique in India for the accurate diagnosis of cerebral stroke. Aim: The aim of the present study is to evaluate the incidence of brain stroke by CT scan in patients with cerebrovascular accidents. Subjects and Methods: Patients with cerebrovascular accidents were subjected to CT scan of the head using GE Revolution ACTs 16 slice multi-detector row CT scanners, slice thickness – 2 mm, 5 mm, and 10 mm and matrix size of 512 × 512. The incidence of stroke in patients over 20 years of age at SCB Medical College was evaluated during the period 2019–2021. The incidence of stroke was studied according to age, sex, and stroke subtype with arterial involvement. Results: The topography of brain infarction was highly variable with all regions of the middle cerebral artery (MCA) territory. There were 190 ischemic and 106 hemorrhagic stroke cases out of 296 patients. The mean age was 55.28 ± 12.73 years. Maximum stroke cases were seen in the age group of 41–60 years and 61–80 years of age. The most common site was basal ganglia 112 (37.83%) and common arterial involvement was MCA 161 (54.4%) with statistical significance (P < 0.05). Conclusions: The incidence of stroke rises with age and has its peak in the highly productive age group of 40–60 years of age. The findings of the present study will be helpful to young doctors for proper diagnosis and treatment.","PeriodicalId":50010,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Anatomical Society of India","volume":"72 1","pages":"145 - 150"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45985446","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Introduction: Glucocorticoid therapy is the most common cause for secondary osteoporosis leading to a resurgence of interest in traditional medicine that could have bone sparing effects by naturally occurring bioactive molecules. Therefore, this study was done to evaluate the effect of Ormocarpum sennoides DC through immunohistological evidence in the expression of Bax and Bcl2 in glucocorticoid-induced Osteoporosis in Wister albino rats. Materials and Methods: Rats were divided into five groups (Control, MPA (Osteoporosis), Alendronate (2 mg/kg), 100 mg (EOS), and 200 mg (EOS). The treatment was conducted for 45 days the Bax and Bcl2 expressions were evaluated in osteoclast of distal femur diaphysis. Results: When compared the MPA to control group (P < 0.05) Bax increased and Bcl2 reduced, when compared with MPA (P < 0.05) Alendronate, EOS 100 mg and EOS 200 mg increased the Bcl2 expressions, Alendronate, EOS 100 mg, and EOS 200 mg reduced the Bax expression. Discussion and Conclusion: EOS 100 mg and EOS 200 mg increased Bcl2 expression and reduced the Bax expression Ormocarpum sennoides prevents glucocorticoid-induced Apoptosis of preosteoblast; therefore, Bcl2 may be an important regulator of bone growth thus reporting antiapoptotic property of Ormocarpum sennoides DC.
{"title":"Immuno histological evidence of ormocarpum sennoides dc extract in the expression of bax and bcl2 in wister rats with glucocorticoid induced osteoporosis","authors":"Bhuvaneswari Srinivasan, R. Krishnan","doi":"10.4103/jasi.jasi_19_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jasi.jasi_19_22","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Glucocorticoid therapy is the most common cause for secondary osteoporosis leading to a resurgence of interest in traditional medicine that could have bone sparing effects by naturally occurring bioactive molecules. Therefore, this study was done to evaluate the effect of Ormocarpum sennoides DC through immunohistological evidence in the expression of Bax and Bcl2 in glucocorticoid-induced Osteoporosis in Wister albino rats. Materials and Methods: Rats were divided into five groups (Control, MPA (Osteoporosis), Alendronate (2 mg/kg), 100 mg (EOS), and 200 mg (EOS). The treatment was conducted for 45 days the Bax and Bcl2 expressions were evaluated in osteoclast of distal femur diaphysis. Results: When compared the MPA to control group (P < 0.05) Bax increased and Bcl2 reduced, when compared with MPA (P < 0.05) Alendronate, EOS 100 mg and EOS 200 mg increased the Bcl2 expressions, Alendronate, EOS 100 mg, and EOS 200 mg reduced the Bax expression. Discussion and Conclusion: EOS 100 mg and EOS 200 mg increased Bcl2 expression and reduced the Bax expression Ormocarpum sennoides prevents glucocorticoid-induced Apoptosis of preosteoblast; therefore, Bcl2 may be an important regulator of bone growth thus reporting antiapoptotic property of Ormocarpum sennoides DC.","PeriodicalId":50010,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Anatomical Society of India","volume":"72 1","pages":"93 - 97"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46985869","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-01DOI: 10.4103/jasi.jasi_124_22
J. Lee, Soyeon Kim, Larnani Sri, M. Akira, T. Dharma, Young-Seok Park
The stylohyoid muscle, one of the four suprahyoid muscles and one of the three styloid muscles, is a small thin muscle running from the styloid process to the hyoid bone. It is intimately related to the styloid process and the styloid ligament. It draws the hyoid bone superiorly and posteriorly along with the posterior belly of the digastric muscle. It functions mainly during swallowing and opening of the mandible. Clinically, it has received much attention for its association with Eagle's syndrome. In this review, anatomic considerations with clinical implications of the stylohyoid muscle will be covered.
{"title":"The stylohyoid muscle revisited: Anatomy and clinical implications","authors":"J. Lee, Soyeon Kim, Larnani Sri, M. Akira, T. Dharma, Young-Seok Park","doi":"10.4103/jasi.jasi_124_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jasi.jasi_124_22","url":null,"abstract":"The stylohyoid muscle, one of the four suprahyoid muscles and one of the three styloid muscles, is a small thin muscle running from the styloid process to the hyoid bone. It is intimately related to the styloid process and the styloid ligament. It draws the hyoid bone superiorly and posteriorly along with the posterior belly of the digastric muscle. It functions mainly during swallowing and opening of the mandible. Clinically, it has received much attention for its association with Eagle's syndrome. In this review, anatomic considerations with clinical implications of the stylohyoid muscle will be covered.","PeriodicalId":50010,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Anatomical Society of India","volume":"72 1","pages":"169 - 172"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47070534","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-01DOI: 10.4103/jasi.jasi_177_21
M. Sar, S. Singh, S. Behera, D. Bara, Jeneeta Baa, S. Mishra, A. Soy
Background: Liver is anatomically divided into right, left, quadrate, and caudate lobes. Functionally, it is divided into four portal sectors by four branches of portal vein. Three hepatic veins lie between these sectors as intersectoral veins and these intersectoral plains are called portal fissures. Minor fissures like umbilical fissure, venous fissure, and Rouviere's sulcus are visible clefts on the visceral surface of the liver. Morphological variations in size, shape, lobes, and fissures are frequently found during routine dissection. This study is focused mostly on the surgical anatomy of lobes and fissures relevant for hepatic surgery. Materials and Methods: This was a cross-sectional descriptive study conducted on 50 formalin-preserved specimens of liver. The details of morphological features of lobes and fissures were examined and compared with the findings of previous studies. Results: Out of 50 liver specimens studied, in 8% of cases left lobe and quadrate lobe and in 12% of cases caudate lobe were hypoplastic. Accessory liver lobes were found in 12% of cases, most of which were small except 2 cases of large tongue shaped projections of accessory lobes attached to the left lobe and 2 on the right lobe. Diaphragmatic sulci were found in 12% of cases and Rouviere's sulcus in 64% of cases. Accessory fissures were also found in quadrate and caudate lobes in 24% and 22% of cases, respectively. Pons hepatis was found in 20% of cases. Conclusion: Awareness about prevalence of morphological variations of liver can help avoiding errors in diagnosis and unwanted complications during surgery.
{"title":"A morphological study of cadaveric liver","authors":"M. Sar, S. Singh, S. Behera, D. Bara, Jeneeta Baa, S. Mishra, A. Soy","doi":"10.4103/jasi.jasi_177_21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jasi.jasi_177_21","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Liver is anatomically divided into right, left, quadrate, and caudate lobes. Functionally, it is divided into four portal sectors by four branches of portal vein. Three hepatic veins lie between these sectors as intersectoral veins and these intersectoral plains are called portal fissures. Minor fissures like umbilical fissure, venous fissure, and Rouviere's sulcus are visible clefts on the visceral surface of the liver. Morphological variations in size, shape, lobes, and fissures are frequently found during routine dissection. This study is focused mostly on the surgical anatomy of lobes and fissures relevant for hepatic surgery. Materials and Methods: This was a cross-sectional descriptive study conducted on 50 formalin-preserved specimens of liver. The details of morphological features of lobes and fissures were examined and compared with the findings of previous studies. Results: Out of 50 liver specimens studied, in 8% of cases left lobe and quadrate lobe and in 12% of cases caudate lobe were hypoplastic. Accessory liver lobes were found in 12% of cases, most of which were small except 2 cases of large tongue shaped projections of accessory lobes attached to the left lobe and 2 on the right lobe. Diaphragmatic sulci were found in 12% of cases and Rouviere's sulcus in 64% of cases. Accessory fissures were also found in quadrate and caudate lobes in 24% and 22% of cases, respectively. Pons hepatis was found in 20% of cases. Conclusion: Awareness about prevalence of morphological variations of liver can help avoiding errors in diagnosis and unwanted complications during surgery.","PeriodicalId":50010,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Anatomical Society of India","volume":"72 1","pages":"131 - 134"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47631873","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Polyorchidism, more than two testicles, is a rare congenital anomaly of urogenital system. In majority of the cases, supernumerary testis is located intrascrotally. However, testis in the retroperitoneal space is reported rarely. About 50% of cases are detected between 15 and 25 years of age. In this case report, we present a case of triorchidism in a 28-year-old male who came with a complaint of left groin swelling.
{"title":"Triorchidism: A Differential Diagnosis of Inguinal Swelling in a 28-Year-Old Male","authors":"A. Nuveen","doi":"10.4103/jasi.jasi_23_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jasi.jasi_23_22","url":null,"abstract":"Polyorchidism, more than two testicles, is a rare congenital anomaly of urogenital system. In majority of the cases, supernumerary testis is located intrascrotally. However, testis in the retroperitoneal space is reported rarely. About 50% of cases are detected between 15 and 25 years of age. In this case report, we present a case of triorchidism in a 28-year-old male who came with a complaint of left groin swelling.","PeriodicalId":50010,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Anatomical Society of India","volume":"72 1","pages":"173 - 175"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46186792","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. Sharma, Pradeep Singh, Anjali Gupta, Anshu Gupta
Background and Aim: Several histopathological and gross changes are seen in human brain as age increases, causing enlargement of the lateral ventricles. Morphometric measurement and size of the lateral ventricle of the brain are of great importance to identify certain changes and correlate it with clinical significance. This study was designed to provide a normal data of the cella media index (CMI) measurements of the lateral ventricle of the brain and its association between both the genders and its correlation with different age groups of North Indian Population, which will be helpful for diagnosis of cerebral atrophy. Subjects and Methods: This study was carried out in the Department of Anatomy and Department of Radiodiagnosis, S. N. Medical College, Agra, Uttar Pradesh. In the present prospective study, computed tomography scans of 200 patients between the age of 18 and 75 years (126 males and 74 females) were done, and measurements of the lateral ventricle of the brain were analyzed statistically. Results: In our study, the overall mean CMI was 4.62 ± 0.5 (CMI in male was 4.53 ± 0.41 and mean CMI in female was 4.42 ± 0.28), difference being statistically significant between both genders as P = 0.04 (P ≤ 0.05). In our finding, r = −0.13, indicating a mild positive correlation between age and transverse diameter of CMI of the lateral ventricle in North Indian population. Conclusion: This study concludes that with increase in age, there is a decrease of cella media ratio/Schiersmann's Index, which is helpful in diagnosis of neurological conditions (e.g. schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and Alzheimer's disease).
{"title":"To estimate age- and gender-related morphometric change in cella media index of the lateral ventricles by computed tomography scan in adult human population of North India","authors":"J. Sharma, Pradeep Singh, Anjali Gupta, Anshu Gupta","doi":"10.4103/jasi.jasi_97_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jasi.jasi_97_22","url":null,"abstract":"Background and Aim: Several histopathological and gross changes are seen in human brain as age increases, causing enlargement of the lateral ventricles. Morphometric measurement and size of the lateral ventricle of the brain are of great importance to identify certain changes and correlate it with clinical significance. This study was designed to provide a normal data of the cella media index (CMI) measurements of the lateral ventricle of the brain and its association between both the genders and its correlation with different age groups of North Indian Population, which will be helpful for diagnosis of cerebral atrophy. Subjects and Methods: This study was carried out in the Department of Anatomy and Department of Radiodiagnosis, S. N. Medical College, Agra, Uttar Pradesh. In the present prospective study, computed tomography scans of 200 patients between the age of 18 and 75 years (126 males and 74 females) were done, and measurements of the lateral ventricle of the brain were analyzed statistically. Results: In our study, the overall mean CMI was 4.62 ± 0.5 (CMI in male was 4.53 ± 0.41 and mean CMI in female was 4.42 ± 0.28), difference being statistically significant between both genders as P = 0.04 (P ≤ 0.05). In our finding, r = −0.13, indicating a mild positive correlation between age and transverse diameter of CMI of the lateral ventricle in North Indian population. Conclusion: This study concludes that with increase in age, there is a decrease of cella media ratio/Schiersmann's Index, which is helpful in diagnosis of neurological conditions (e.g. schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and Alzheimer's disease).","PeriodicalId":50010,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Anatomical Society of India","volume":"72 1","pages":"122 - 125"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43769783","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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