Pub Date : 2022-10-01DOI: 10.4103/jasi.jasi_168_21
Hilal Nakkaş, F. Çelikkan, N. Apaydın, O. Evirgen
Introduction: A variety of changes occur on the elastic artery wall with age. Ultrastructural studies made in this area are mostly animal based. We aimed to evaluate wall changes and three-dimensional organization of the elastic lamellae with aging in humans. Material and Methods: Common carotid arteries were obtained from 17 human cadavers which were grouped as G1 (n = 6), 30–39 years; G2 (n = 5), 40–49 years; and G3 (n = 6), >50 years of age. Samples were evaluated under light and scanning electron microscopes. Results: Examination of G1 revealed intimal thickening and foamy cell infiltration. G2 and G3 had plaques bulging into the lumen and interlamellar space was widened. The lamellae were more straight. There was a positive correlation between intimal thickness and age. Elastic fiber content decreased with aging. Scanning electron microscopic analysis confirmed the findings. G1 and G2 had a smooth surfaced internal elastic lamina with uniform fenestrations whereas G3 contained numerous irregular fenestrae. Discussion and Conclusion: With this study, we showed some other wall structure changes beside plaque formation by aging. Which layer is affected the most was not clear at previous clinical studies because using ultrasonography (USG) cannot address the layer. Microscopic evaluation of this study revealed that when a wall thickening is detected by USG, it is due to intimal thickening. The specific vessel layer structural changes are important for proper treatment.
{"title":"Morphologic and Morphometric Evaluation of the Carotid Artery Wall: A Cadaver-Based Light and Scanning Electron Microscopic Study","authors":"Hilal Nakkaş, F. Çelikkan, N. Apaydın, O. Evirgen","doi":"10.4103/jasi.jasi_168_21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jasi.jasi_168_21","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: A variety of changes occur on the elastic artery wall with age. Ultrastructural studies made in this area are mostly animal based. We aimed to evaluate wall changes and three-dimensional organization of the elastic lamellae with aging in humans. Material and Methods: Common carotid arteries were obtained from 17 human cadavers which were grouped as G1 (n = 6), 30–39 years; G2 (n = 5), 40–49 years; and G3 (n = 6), >50 years of age. Samples were evaluated under light and scanning electron microscopes. Results: Examination of G1 revealed intimal thickening and foamy cell infiltration. G2 and G3 had plaques bulging into the lumen and interlamellar space was widened. The lamellae were more straight. There was a positive correlation between intimal thickness and age. Elastic fiber content decreased with aging. Scanning electron microscopic analysis confirmed the findings. G1 and G2 had a smooth surfaced internal elastic lamina with uniform fenestrations whereas G3 contained numerous irregular fenestrae. Discussion and Conclusion: With this study, we showed some other wall structure changes beside plaque formation by aging. Which layer is affected the most was not clear at previous clinical studies because using ultrasonography (USG) cannot address the layer. Microscopic evaluation of this study revealed that when a wall thickening is detected by USG, it is due to intimal thickening. The specific vessel layer structural changes are important for proper treatment.","PeriodicalId":50010,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Anatomical Society of India","volume":"71 1","pages":"261 - 265"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46013154","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Amit Massand, Mallika Basera, Sonal Grace, Reshma Kumarachandra, K. Sudha, R. Rai, B. Murlimanju, K. Sowndarya
Introduction: Aluminum (AL) compounds are widely used as food additives, cosmetics, antacids, and buffered aspirins. Chronic consumption of AL may lead to its accumulation in tissues causing AL toxicity. The study aims to investigate the toxic effect of AlCl3 on hippocampus region of rat brain by qualitative and quantitative analysis of neurons. Material and Methods: Adult male albino Wistar rats were divided into three groups with six rats in each group. Group 1 was the control, Group 2 rats received 100 mg/kg b. w, and Group 3 received 300 mg/kg b. w of AlCl3 orally for 30 days. The neuronal count was done at the CA1, CA2, CA3, and CA4 regions of hippocampus by staining with cresyl violet stain. Neuronal damage in the AlCl3 groups was compared with the control group. Results: A significant damage was observed in all the regions of hippocampus both in Groups 2 and 3 compared to the control group (P < 0.00001). Further higher dose of AL caused marked neuronal damage in CA1 (P < 0.03) and CA3 (P < 0.05) regions compared to the lower dose of AL. The neurons in the CA3 and CA1 regions were most vulnerable to AL toxicity and the CA2 region of the hippocampus had a maximum number of viable neurons indicative of resistance to AL toxicosis. Discussion and Conclusion: Consumption of higher dose of AL even for a short term could have variable degrees of deleterious effects on different regions of the rat brain. This study sets a background for an in-depth exploration on toxicology of AL compounds on human participants which could be of public health importance.
铝(AL)化合物广泛用于食品添加剂、化妆品、抗酸剂和缓冲阿司匹林。慢性消耗AL可导致其在组织中积累，引起AL毒性。本研究旨在通过神经元的定性和定量分析，探讨AlCl3对大鼠脑海马区的毒性作用。材料与方法:将成年雄性白化Wistar大鼠分为3组，每组6只。1组为对照组，2组给予AlCl3 100 mg/kg b. w, 3组给予AlCl3 300 mg/kg b. w，连续30 d。用甲酚紫染色法对海马CA1、CA2、CA3、CA4区进行神经元计数。比较AlCl3组与对照组的神经元损伤情况。结果:与对照组相比，2、3组海马各区域均出现明显损伤(P < 0.00001)。与低剂量AL相比，高剂量AL在CA1区和CA3区造成了明显的神经元损伤(P < 0.03)， CA3和CA1区的神经元对AL毒性最敏感，海马CA2区存活神经元数量最多，表明对AL毒性有抗性。讨论与结论:即使短期服用高剂量的AL，也会对大鼠大脑的不同区域产生不同程度的有害影响。本研究为深入探索AL化合物对人类参与者的毒理学奠定了基础，这可能对公共卫生具有重要意义。
{"title":"Effect of different doses of aluminum chloride on neurodegeneration in hippocampus region of the rat brain","authors":"Amit Massand, Mallika Basera, Sonal Grace, Reshma Kumarachandra, K. Sudha, R. Rai, B. Murlimanju, K. Sowndarya","doi":"10.4103/jasi.jasi_39_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jasi.jasi_39_22","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Aluminum (AL) compounds are widely used as food additives, cosmetics, antacids, and buffered aspirins. Chronic consumption of AL may lead to its accumulation in tissues causing AL toxicity. The study aims to investigate the toxic effect of AlCl3 on hippocampus region of rat brain by qualitative and quantitative analysis of neurons. Material and Methods: Adult male albino Wistar rats were divided into three groups with six rats in each group. Group 1 was the control, Group 2 rats received 100 mg/kg b. w, and Group 3 received 300 mg/kg b. w of AlCl3 orally for 30 days. The neuronal count was done at the CA1, CA2, CA3, and CA4 regions of hippocampus by staining with cresyl violet stain. Neuronal damage in the AlCl3 groups was compared with the control group. Results: A significant damage was observed in all the regions of hippocampus both in Groups 2 and 3 compared to the control group (P < 0.00001). Further higher dose of AL caused marked neuronal damage in CA1 (P < 0.03) and CA3 (P < 0.05) regions compared to the lower dose of AL. The neurons in the CA3 and CA1 regions were most vulnerable to AL toxicity and the CA2 region of the hippocampus had a maximum number of viable neurons indicative of resistance to AL toxicosis. Discussion and Conclusion: Consumption of higher dose of AL even for a short term could have variable degrees of deleterious effects on different regions of the rat brain. This study sets a background for an in-depth exploration on toxicology of AL compounds on human participants which could be of public health importance.","PeriodicalId":50010,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Anatomical Society of India","volume":"71 1","pages":"307 - 310"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46233232","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-01DOI: 10.4103/jasi.jasi_152_22
Vishram Singh, B. Murlimanju, R. Vadgaonkar
{"title":"Philately, world postage stamps, history of medicine, and anatomists","authors":"Vishram Singh, B. Murlimanju, R. Vadgaonkar","doi":"10.4103/jasi.jasi_152_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jasi.jasi_152_22","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50010,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Anatomical Society of India","volume":"71 1","pages":"259 - 260"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43923057","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-01DOI: 10.4103/jasi.jasi_208_21
B. Çandir, Latif Sağlam, İ. Gürses, Ö. Gayretli
During routine dissection of a 64-year-old male cadaver, multiple variations were observed in the arteries of the upper extremities. The first part of the axillary artery did not give any branches. The second part, after giving superior thoracic and thoracoacromial arteries divided into deep and superficial brachial arteries. Superficial brachial artery gave lateral thoracic artery and continued into the arm. After giving anterior circumflex humeral artery, the deep brachial artery trifurcated into the subscapular artery, posterior circumflex humeral artery, and profunda brachii artery. Understanding upper limb arterial variations are important for performing safer clinical procedures.
{"title":"Unusual Multiple Arterial Variations of the Upper Limb","authors":"B. Çandir, Latif Sağlam, İ. Gürses, Ö. Gayretli","doi":"10.4103/jasi.jasi_208_21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jasi.jasi_208_21","url":null,"abstract":"During routine dissection of a 64-year-old male cadaver, multiple variations were observed in the arteries of the upper extremities. The first part of the axillary artery did not give any branches. The second part, after giving superior thoracic and thoracoacromial arteries divided into deep and superficial brachial arteries. Superficial brachial artery gave lateral thoracic artery and continued into the arm. After giving anterior circumflex humeral artery, the deep brachial artery trifurcated into the subscapular artery, posterior circumflex humeral artery, and profunda brachii artery. Understanding upper limb arterial variations are important for performing safer clinical procedures.","PeriodicalId":50010,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Anatomical Society of India","volume":"71 1","pages":"317 - 320"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49577619","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mahmut Öksüzler, S. Polat, Mahmut Tunç, Duygu Vurallı, P. Göker
Introduction: This study was undertaken to determine the values of brain indexes using computed tomography (CT) in our population. Material and Methods: This study was carried out on the 520 senior subjects (196 subjects having brain atrophy and 324 subjects having no brain atrophy) aged 60–90 years. Measurements of the brain indexes were taken from subjects having axial brain CT image in the radiology department. Furthermore, the data were analyzed according to age and gender. Results: The means and standard deviations of the measurements were as follows: the maximum distance between anterior horns, 37.35 ± 3.76 mm; minimum bicaudate nuclei distance, 20.76 ± 3.78 mm; maximum internal skull diameter, 135.66 ± 6.51 mm; maximum internal diameter of the frontal bone, 103.23 ± 6.23; internal skull diameter measured along the same line, 116.28 ± 6.60 mm; maximum external diameter of the skull, 144.08 ± 5.93 mm; and cella media width, 35.88 ± 6.93 mm; and the indices were calculated and found as follows: Huckman number, 58.11 ± 6.99 mm; bifrontal index, 0.36 ± 0.03; bicaudate frontal index, 0.55 ± 0.07; bicaudate index, 0.18 ± 0.03; bicaudate temporal index, 0.15 ± 0.03; and Schiersmann's index (SI), 4.22 ± 1.16 in subjects having brain atrophy. The same values were measured as 32.28 ± 3.19 mm; 15.32 ± 3.05 mm; 133.67 ± 6.71 mm; 102.05 ± 6.13 mm; 113.12 ± 6.04 mm; 141.14 ± 6.12 mm; 28.92 ± 5.79 mm; 47.59 ± 5.63 mm; 0.32 ± 0.03; 0.47 ± 0.08; 0.14 ± 0.03; 0.11 ± 0.02; and 5.09 ± 1.13 in healthy elderly subjects, respectively. There was a significant difference in all measurements (except SI) (P < 0.05). Discussion and Conclusion: The brain index dimensions of Turkish population provide important and useful knowledge for the clinicians in terms of comparison of abnormalities and atrophy of the brain.
{"title":"Evaluation of the Brain Indexes of Subjects with and without Brain Atrophy Using Computed Tomography","authors":"Mahmut Öksüzler, S. Polat, Mahmut Tunç, Duygu Vurallı, P. Göker","doi":"10.4103/jasi.jasi_20_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jasi.jasi_20_22","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: This study was undertaken to determine the values of brain indexes using computed tomography (CT) in our population. Material and Methods: This study was carried out on the 520 senior subjects (196 subjects having brain atrophy and 324 subjects having no brain atrophy) aged 60–90 years. Measurements of the brain indexes were taken from subjects having axial brain CT image in the radiology department. Furthermore, the data were analyzed according to age and gender. Results: The means and standard deviations of the measurements were as follows: the maximum distance between anterior horns, 37.35 ± 3.76 mm; minimum bicaudate nuclei distance, 20.76 ± 3.78 mm; maximum internal skull diameter, 135.66 ± 6.51 mm; maximum internal diameter of the frontal bone, 103.23 ± 6.23; internal skull diameter measured along the same line, 116.28 ± 6.60 mm; maximum external diameter of the skull, 144.08 ± 5.93 mm; and cella media width, 35.88 ± 6.93 mm; and the indices were calculated and found as follows: Huckman number, 58.11 ± 6.99 mm; bifrontal index, 0.36 ± 0.03; bicaudate frontal index, 0.55 ± 0.07; bicaudate index, 0.18 ± 0.03; bicaudate temporal index, 0.15 ± 0.03; and Schiersmann's index (SI), 4.22 ± 1.16 in subjects having brain atrophy. The same values were measured as 32.28 ± 3.19 mm; 15.32 ± 3.05 mm; 133.67 ± 6.71 mm; 102.05 ± 6.13 mm; 113.12 ± 6.04 mm; 141.14 ± 6.12 mm; 28.92 ± 5.79 mm; 47.59 ± 5.63 mm; 0.32 ± 0.03; 0.47 ± 0.08; 0.14 ± 0.03; 0.11 ± 0.02; and 5.09 ± 1.13 in healthy elderly subjects, respectively. There was a significant difference in all measurements (except SI) (P < 0.05). Discussion and Conclusion: The brain index dimensions of Turkish population provide important and useful knowledge for the clinicians in terms of comparison of abnormalities and atrophy of the brain.","PeriodicalId":50010,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Anatomical Society of India","volume":"71 1","pages":"295 - 302"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47893759","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-01DOI: 10.4103/jasi.jasi_192_21
Giridhar Dasegowda, Padmalatha Kadirappa, Hema Nanjundaraju, S. Raja, Rachana Suresh
Introduction: The middle ear consists of the malleus, incus, and stapes. The otologic surgeons need to have a thorough knowledge of anatomical details and variations to provide better operative results and for surgical maneuvers. The present study aimed to analyze the morphological variation and morphometry of the ear ossicles and compare the parameters with those reported in previous studies. Material and Methods: The study was conducted on 28 mallei, 26 incus, and 20 stapes obtained from the cadavers allotted for dissection. Measurements were documented, and the morphological variations were analyzed. Results: The average of the parameters showed that the malleus was 7.59 mm in total length with an angle of 130°; the manubrium was 4.65 mm, the total length of the head and neck was 5.01 mm, and the average weight was 21.50 mg. The incus had a total length and width of 6.37 and 4.89 mm, respectively; a maximal distance of 5.97 mm between the tips with an angle of 101° and weighed an average of 23.81 mg. The stapes had a total length of 3.36 mm, with the stapedial base being 2.83 mm in length and 1.41 mm in width, and weighed an average of 3.16 mg. Discussion and Conclusion: The ossicular chain shows great variations in measurements and morphology. Hence, a thorough anatomical knowledge of the human ossicular chain is required for clinicians for surgical maneuvers and for designing prosthetics to replace the adult middle ear ossicles.
{"title":"Anatomical variations of the human ossicular chain in south indian population: morphometry and morphology","authors":"Giridhar Dasegowda, Padmalatha Kadirappa, Hema Nanjundaraju, S. Raja, Rachana Suresh","doi":"10.4103/jasi.jasi_192_21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jasi.jasi_192_21","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: The middle ear consists of the malleus, incus, and stapes. The otologic surgeons need to have a thorough knowledge of anatomical details and variations to provide better operative results and for surgical maneuvers. The present study aimed to analyze the morphological variation and morphometry of the ear ossicles and compare the parameters with those reported in previous studies. Material and Methods: The study was conducted on 28 mallei, 26 incus, and 20 stapes obtained from the cadavers allotted for dissection. Measurements were documented, and the morphological variations were analyzed. Results: The average of the parameters showed that the malleus was 7.59 mm in total length with an angle of 130°; the manubrium was 4.65 mm, the total length of the head and neck was 5.01 mm, and the average weight was 21.50 mg. The incus had a total length and width of 6.37 and 4.89 mm, respectively; a maximal distance of 5.97 mm between the tips with an angle of 101° and weighed an average of 23.81 mg. The stapes had a total length of 3.36 mm, with the stapedial base being 2.83 mm in length and 1.41 mm in width, and weighed an average of 3.16 mg. Discussion and Conclusion: The ossicular chain shows great variations in measurements and morphology. Hence, a thorough anatomical knowledge of the human ossicular chain is required for clinicians for surgical maneuvers and for designing prosthetics to replace the adult middle ear ossicles.","PeriodicalId":50010,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Anatomical Society of India","volume":"71 1","pages":"266 - 271"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47124073","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-01DOI: 10.4103/jasi.jasi_149_21
N. Rashmi, H. Kiran, H. Rajani
Patau syndrome or Trisomy 13 is the least common and most severe of the viable autosomal trisomies. The frequent clinical features include holoprosencephaly, polydactyly, flexion of the fingers, rocker-bottom feet, cleft lip and palate, neural tube defects, and heart defects, with neurological involvement being the most consistent one. It is usually recognized at birth by the typical birth defects with poor neurologic performance. About 85%‒90% of cases die during infancy, with only 5% to 10% of patients alive beyond 1 year. Patients surviving beyond 1 year have a severe developmental handicap. We present here an infant who came with a relatively milder form of Patau syndrome and was confirmed by karyotyping.
{"title":"Milder and Later Presentation of Trisomy 13: A Case Report and Literature Review","authors":"N. Rashmi, H. Kiran, H. Rajani","doi":"10.4103/jasi.jasi_149_21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jasi.jasi_149_21","url":null,"abstract":"Patau syndrome or Trisomy 13 is the least common and most severe of the viable autosomal trisomies. The frequent clinical features include holoprosencephaly, polydactyly, flexion of the fingers, rocker-bottom feet, cleft lip and palate, neural tube defects, and heart defects, with neurological involvement being the most consistent one. It is usually recognized at birth by the typical birth defects with poor neurologic performance. About 85%‒90% of cases die during infancy, with only 5% to 10% of patients alive beyond 1 year. Patients surviving beyond 1 year have a severe developmental handicap. We present here an infant who came with a relatively milder form of Patau syndrome and was confirmed by karyotyping.","PeriodicalId":50010,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Anatomical Society of India","volume":"71 1","pages":"321 - 323"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48563516","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-01DOI: 10.4103/jasi.jasi_164_21
F. Yuksel, M. Kahraman, Isa Deniz
Introduction: The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between the pneumatization of mastoid air cells (MACs) and isolated unilateral concha bullosa (CB) using computed tomography (CT) scans of the paranasal sinuses (PNS). Material and Methods: A retrospective review of PNS CT scans from 53 patients was performed. Cases with nasal septum angulation >5° were excluded from the study. CT evaluations were made with a 128-slice multislice CT scanner in two projections, axial and coronal. Slice thickness was taken as 1 mm for volumetric analysis. Volume measurements were calculated using the syngo.via software program by selecting the relevant anatomical region and using step-by-step addition and expansion processes. Volumes of the MACs (right and left) and isolated unilateral CB (right and left) were obtained and compared using statistical analysis. Results: The volume of MACs and isolated unilateral CB did not change with age; however, the volumes of male participants were larger than that of women. It was observed that the pneumatization of MACs on the side with isolated unilateral CB was significantly greater than for opposing MACs. Discussion and Conclusion: In our study, it was concluded that the isolated unilateral CB caused a significant increase in the MACs volume on the same side of CB.
{"title":"The Relationship between Isolated Unilateral Concha Bullosa and Mastoid Air Cell Volumes","authors":"F. Yuksel, M. Kahraman, Isa Deniz","doi":"10.4103/jasi.jasi_164_21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jasi.jasi_164_21","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between the pneumatization of mastoid air cells (MACs) and isolated unilateral concha bullosa (CB) using computed tomography (CT) scans of the paranasal sinuses (PNS). Material and Methods: A retrospective review of PNS CT scans from 53 patients was performed. Cases with nasal septum angulation >5° were excluded from the study. CT evaluations were made with a 128-slice multislice CT scanner in two projections, axial and coronal. Slice thickness was taken as 1 mm for volumetric analysis. Volume measurements were calculated using the syngo.via software program by selecting the relevant anatomical region and using step-by-step addition and expansion processes. Volumes of the MACs (right and left) and isolated unilateral CB (right and left) were obtained and compared using statistical analysis. Results: The volume of MACs and isolated unilateral CB did not change with age; however, the volumes of male participants were larger than that of women. It was observed that the pneumatization of MACs on the side with isolated unilateral CB was significantly greater than for opposing MACs. Discussion and Conclusion: In our study, it was concluded that the isolated unilateral CB caused a significant increase in the MACs volume on the same side of CB.","PeriodicalId":50010,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Anatomical Society of India","volume":"71 1","pages":"311 - 316"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70780960","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Alberto Barrios, A. C. Cisneros Gimeno, Jesus Nogue, J. Orozco
Introduction: Variability in renal vascularization occurs with a frequency of around 30%. During the routine dissection of one cadaver without renal pathology, we revealed the presence of one. Material and Methods: Dissection of a cadaver carried out in the practicing room of School of Medicine. Results: During the routine dissection of one cadaver without renal pathology, we revealed the presence of an early bifurcation of the renal artery on the left side, and the presence of two polar arteries – superior and inferior -, the latter presenting an anterior and posterior vascular arch to the renal pelvis in the parenchyma, which anastomoses the pre- and retro-pyelic branches of the renal artery with the pre- and retro-pyelic branches of the inferior accessory polar artery. In addition, the presence of an accessory polar artery was observed in the right kidney. Discussion and Conclusion: For vascular surgeons, knowledge of this anatomical variation is of real clinical relevance in cases such as fenestrated endografting in order to preserve the function of the entire kidney.
{"title":"Description of an atypical vascular arch in the renal parenchyma","authors":"Alberto Barrios, A. C. Cisneros Gimeno, Jesus Nogue, J. Orozco","doi":"10.4103/jasi.jasi_83_21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jasi.jasi_83_21","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Variability in renal vascularization occurs with a frequency of around 30%. During the routine dissection of one cadaver without renal pathology, we revealed the presence of one. Material and Methods: Dissection of a cadaver carried out in the practicing room of School of Medicine. Results: During the routine dissection of one cadaver without renal pathology, we revealed the presence of an early bifurcation of the renal artery on the left side, and the presence of two polar arteries – superior and inferior -, the latter presenting an anterior and posterior vascular arch to the renal pelvis in the parenchyma, which anastomoses the pre- and retro-pyelic branches of the renal artery with the pre- and retro-pyelic branches of the inferior accessory polar artery. In addition, the presence of an accessory polar artery was observed in the right kidney. Discussion and Conclusion: For vascular surgeons, knowledge of this anatomical variation is of real clinical relevance in cases such as fenestrated endografting in order to preserve the function of the entire kidney.","PeriodicalId":50010,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Anatomical Society of India","volume":"71 1","pages":"210 - 213"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45902684","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Introduction: The circle of Willis (CoW) represents the collateral pathway between large brain-feeding arteries, the knowledge of which is important in interventional and neurosurgical procedures, in the diagnosis and planning of procedures in acute stroke and subarachnoid hemorrhage. Aim: The study aims to determine the prevalence of variations of the CoW in patients from Serbia via magnetic resonance angiography (MRA). Material and Methods: The study was conducted as a retrospective study at the Center for Imaging Diagnostics, Oncology Institute of Vojvodina. Magnetic resonance imaging was analyzed in 665 patients of both sexes (471 females and 194 males), who underwent MRA during 2018 and 2019. Results: Complete CoW was found in 48.42% of cases, mostly in females (68.01%). Partially complete CoW and incomplete CoW were encountered in 38.05% and 13.55% of patients, mostly in females (73.52% and 73.33%). Anterior circulation variations were seen in 27.41% of cases, higher in females (63.83%), most commonly A1 anterior cerebral artery hypoplasia (9.32%). Posterior circulation variations were seen in 46.36% of cases, higher in females (79.25%), most commonly posterior communicating (PCom) artery hypoplasia (25.56%). Combined variations were seen in 26.24% of patients, with higher prevalence in females (73.33%). The prevalence of variations of posterior circulation between male and female patients was statistically significant (P = 0.007) and was higher in females. Discussion and Conclusion: This study showed that the most common variations were that of the posterior circulation, most commonly PCom artery hypoplasia. Complete CoW was found in <50% of cases (48.42%).
{"title":"Variations of the circle of willis determined via magnetic resonance angiography: A single-center analysis of the serbian population","authors":"Mimoza Ðevukaj, I. Nosek, Miloš Vuković, D. Kozic","doi":"10.4103/jasi.jasi_78_20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jasi.jasi_78_20","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: The circle of Willis (CoW) represents the collateral pathway between large brain-feeding arteries, the knowledge of which is important in interventional and neurosurgical procedures, in the diagnosis and planning of procedures in acute stroke and subarachnoid hemorrhage. Aim: The study aims to determine the prevalence of variations of the CoW in patients from Serbia via magnetic resonance angiography (MRA). Material and Methods: The study was conducted as a retrospective study at the Center for Imaging Diagnostics, Oncology Institute of Vojvodina. Magnetic resonance imaging was analyzed in 665 patients of both sexes (471 females and 194 males), who underwent MRA during 2018 and 2019. Results: Complete CoW was found in 48.42% of cases, mostly in females (68.01%). Partially complete CoW and incomplete CoW were encountered in 38.05% and 13.55% of patients, mostly in females (73.52% and 73.33%). Anterior circulation variations were seen in 27.41% of cases, higher in females (63.83%), most commonly A1 anterior cerebral artery hypoplasia (9.32%). Posterior circulation variations were seen in 46.36% of cases, higher in females (79.25%), most commonly posterior communicating (PCom) artery hypoplasia (25.56%). Combined variations were seen in 26.24% of patients, with higher prevalence in females (73.33%). The prevalence of variations of posterior circulation between male and female patients was statistically significant (P = 0.007) and was higher in females. Discussion and Conclusion: This study showed that the most common variations were that of the posterior circulation, most commonly PCom artery hypoplasia. Complete CoW was found in <50% of cases (48.42%).","PeriodicalId":50010,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Anatomical Society of India","volume":"71 1","pages":"220 - 224"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46408903","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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