Journal of the American Pharmacists Association最新文献

{"title":"When pharmacist becomes patient","authors":"Jordan R. Covvey","doi":"10.1016/j.japh.2026.103028","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.japh.2026.103028","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50015,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Pharmacists Association","volume":"66 2","pages":"Article 103028"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146042199","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Why do sleep disorders remain undermanaged? Insights from pharmacists and physicians using the COM-B framework","authors":"Raya Aljobowry,&nbsp;Lujain Aloum,&nbsp;Amna M. Othman,&nbsp;Elizabeth Manias,&nbsp;Rana M. Ibrahim,&nbsp;Safa Ziad Alawad,&nbsp;Hamzah Alzubaidi","doi":"10.1016/j.japh.2026.103026","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.japh.2026.103026","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>There is limited understanding of how community pharmacists and physicians support sleep health management in Arabic-speaking countries.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>This study aims to utilize the Capability, Opportunity, Motivation-Behavior (COM-B) model to explore the perspectives and practices of pharmacists and physicians in addressing sleep health issues and identify the drivers and barriers influencing these practices.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Semi-structured individual interviews were conducted with a purposive sample of pharmacists and physicians in the United Arab Emirates. Interview guides were developed based on the COM-B framework. All interviews were audio-recorded and transcribed verbatim. Data were coded using NVivo software Version 14 (formerly QSR International) and analyzed deductively based on the theoretical framework.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A total of 45 health care providers (29 pharmacists and 16 physicians) were interviewed. Participants perceived sleep-related concerns in the general population to be insufficiently addressed. Shared barriers to addressing sleep concerns included limited time, lack of knowledge, and formal training, and stigma surrounding sleep. Pharmacists referred chronic cases to physicians and dispensed sedating antihistamines or herbal products to acute cases and were hindered by the lack of private counseling areas and limited therapeutic options. Physicians were reluctant to prescribe medications due to possible dependency and insurance concerns. Both provider groups recognized the importance of sleep to overall health and expressed motivation to help their patients.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>This study provides shared and profession-specific barriers and enablers that shape sleep health care provision practices of pharmacists and physicians in the region. It provides avenues for targeted interventions to improve sleep health care delivery in primary care and community settings.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50015,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Pharmacists Association","volume":"66 2","pages":"Article 103026"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146032580","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluating the APhA Foundation Incentive Grants Program: Perceptions from residency program","authors":"Emily Albers,&nbsp;Shanna K. O'Connor,&nbsp;Cristian Rodriquez","doi":"10.1016/j.japh.2026.103025","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.japh.2026.103025","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>The American Pharmacists Association (APhA) Foundation Incentive Grants Program provides financial support for practice-based research projects designed to enhance the health outcomes of patients. Incentive grants have been a staiting point for many pharmacists, residents, and students to develop a passion for innovative patient care.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To evaluate residency program directors' (RPDs) perception of the Incentive Grants Program, the perceived value of program facilitation, and impact of the program on practice sites.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>RPDs from Incentive Grant-funded programs participated in a 16-item survey and follow-up focus groups where they responded to questions related to their programs, their residents, program-related publications, impact of the program, and perceptions of the program and experience.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Twenty-five RPDs completed the survey and 9 participated in focus groups. Findings included that 95.7% of respondents agreed or strongly agreed that the Incentive Grants program is valuable to community-based practice, and agreement that residents benefit from Incentive Grants. Some areas of improvement for the Incentive Grants program were identified, including a need to refine the scoring rubric for applications to more heavily weigh feasibility, communication from APhA foundation coordinators to RPDs and residents, and expectations related to publications.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The Incentive Grants program is positively perceived by RPDs and can be improved by streamlining communication and administration of the program. The program-funded projects are valuable to community-based practice and the grants themselves may benefit trainees more than broadly impacting practice.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50015,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Pharmacists Association","volume":"66 2","pages":"Article 103025"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145992997","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pharmacist's role in addressing barriers to continuous glucose monitoring within underserved communities","authors":"Christ Ange K. Cellino ,&nbsp;En-Ling Chen ,&nbsp;Julia Pawelek,&nbsp;Chris J. Daly,&nbsp;David M. Jacobs,&nbsp;Gina M. Prescott","doi":"10.1016/j.japh.2025.103016","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.japh.2025.103016","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) has transformed diabetes care by enabling real-time tracking of glucose levels, improving glycemic control, reducing hypoglycemia, and enhancing quality of life. Despite their clinical benefits, CGM adoption remains inequitable, with underserved populations facing barriers such as low digital and health literacy, financial hardship, limited provider engagement, and fragmented healthcare system infrastructure. Pharmacists, trusted and accessible providers embedded within communities, have emerged as key collaborators for CGM use through patient education, data interpretation, and treatment optimization. Evidence from community-based settings demonstrates that pharmacist-led CGM interventions are associated with significant reductions in HbA1c, improvements in time-in-range, and enhanced patient engagement, although studies focusing specifically on underserved populations remain limited. Persistent barriers at patient, provider, and system levels must be addressed to achieve equitable CGM system access, including challenges related to cost, digital access or literacy, language barriers, health care professional training and patient education. By advancing pharmacist-led CGM initiatives tailored to the social and cultural needs of underserved populations, there is an opportunity to reduce disparities in CGM utilization and improve diabetes outcomes. This commentary highlights current evidence, identifies gaps, and issues a call to action for expanding pharmacist-led CGM programs in high need populations as a critical step toward promoting health equity in diabetes management.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50015,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Pharmacists Association","volume":"66 2","pages":"Article 103016"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-01-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145919590","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Telehealth-enabled pill swallowing training for a pediatric patient living with HIV: A multidisciplinary approach","authors":"Timothy J. Howze,&nbsp;Susan D. Carr,&nbsp;Megan L. Wilkins,&nbsp;Tiffany M. Nason,&nbsp;Nehali D. Patel","doi":"10.1016/j.japh.2025.103006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.japh.2025.103006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>This case report aims to describe the implementation of a telehealth-based, multidisciplinary intervention designed to support pill swallowing in a pediatric patient with HIV preparing to transition from liquid to tablet-based antiretroviral therapy (ART). The objective was to overcome geographic and access-related barriers to in-person behavioral training by leveraging virtual care, interdisciplinary collaboration, and the use of compounded placebo tablets. This approach sought to demonstrate how specialty pharmacists and behavioral health professionals can work together to ensure medication readiness, promote adherence, and facilitate safe transitions to more sustainable ART regimens in pediatric patients—particularly those in rural or underserved settings.</div></div><div><h3>Case summary</h3><div>A pediatric patient with vertically acquired HIV who was residing in a rural community was preparing to transition from liquid ART to a fixed-dose combination tablet. Transportation barriers rendered in-person training infeasible. The care team, comprising a specialty pharmacist, clinical psychologist, and compounding pharmacy staff, designed a remote intervention. Placebo tablets matching the target medication were mailed to the patient's home. A telehealth session was conducted by using the Epic electronic medical record platform, and real-time, behavioral coaching and pharmacist-led guidance were provided. The patient successfully swallowed 2 placebo tablets during the telehealth session, indicating readiness for the transition. At the next clinic visit, the patient initiated the new fixed-dose combination ART without complications. Follow-up confirmed continued adherence to pill formulation and no reported adverse effects.</div></div><div><h3>Practice implications</h3><div>This case highlights the value of telehealth in overcoming pill swallowing training barriers in pediatric HIV care. Interdisciplinary collaboration, particularly involving specialty pharmacists and behavioral health providers, can provide equitable, patient-centered solutions for families in underserved areas. The use of compounded placebo tablets in virtual training represents a practical and scalable strategy to support medication transitions in pediatric populations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50015,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Pharmacists Association","volume":"66 1","pages":"Article 103006"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145746494","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mapping the U.S. literature on pharmacists prescribing to initiate medications: A scoping review of terminology, responsibilities, and alignment with international models","authors":"Surur Ahmed,&nbsp;Janice Kung,&nbsp;Vincent Chiang,&nbsp;Arjun Poudel,&nbsp;Damilola Olufemi-Yusuf,&nbsp;Chowdhury Farhana Faruquee,&nbsp;Mark Makowsky,&nbsp;Lisa Nissen,&nbsp;Lisa Guirguis","doi":"10.1016/j.japh.2025.102952","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.japh.2025.102952","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Pharmacists play a greater role in patient-centred care, particularly in prescribing to initiate medications. In the United States, pharmacist prescribing evolved to meet healthcare challenges, although states vary in prescribing models, pharmacists' responsibilities, and terminology.</div><div>A literature review is necessary to capture and compare pharmacist practices in prescribing to initiate medications across the United States.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>This review aims to 1) characterize US prescribing terminology and pharmacists' responsibilities when initiating medication under various U.S. prescribing models, and 2) map the U.S. literature on pharmacists' initiating medication to the international context.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The study employed Arksey and O'Malley's scoping review framework and adhered to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses for Scoping Reviews. Ovid MEDLINE, Ovid Embase, and CINAHL were searched from 2000 to 2024. Eligible studies were included if they examined pharmacists initiating medication across diverse practice settings and prescribing models. Two independent reviewers conducted screening and data charting. The terminology and pharmacists' responsibilities when initiating medication (i.e., recognizing symptoms/diagnosis, selecting, supplying, and monitoring medications) under U.S. prescribing models were examined and categorized using international pharmacist prescribing models.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Out of 92 studies, terminology describing pharmacist-initiated medication models varies widely, from formal legislative language to informal and broadly used descriptions. Most studies (n = 58) reported 3 of 4 pharmacist responsibilities, with diagnosing symptoms (n = 85) and selecting medication (n = 88) the most commonly reported. When using the international pharmacist prescribing models, prescribing by protocol (n = 77) was dominant, followed by independent prescribing in the Veterans Health Administration (n = 9) and formulary prescribing in Idaho state (n = 2).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>This review has uniquely mapped the U.S. literature on pharmacists initiating medication to the international context, highlighting variation in prescribing terminology and responsibilities. The findings underscore the need for a standardized reporting guide with clear terminology and definitions of pharmacist prescribing responsibilities to facilitate meaningful international comparisons.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50015,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Pharmacists Association","volume":"66 1","pages":"Article 102952"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145338440","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Disparity implications of machine-learning-based MTM eligibility criteria","authors":"Chi Chun Steve Tsang,&nbsp;Yan Cui,&nbsp;William C. Cushman,&nbsp;Catherine M. Crill,&nbsp;Katherine Stracner,&nbsp;Junling Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.japh.2025.103015","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.japh.2025.103015","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Although Medicare Medication Therapy Management (MTM) programs have demonstrated clinical and economic benefits, racial/ethnic minority groups face challenges meeting eligibility criteria for enrollment. In 2017, the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services launched the 5-year Enhanced MTM demonstration, granting Part D plans flexibility in identifying eligible beneficiaries. However, because participating plans adopted predictive modeling to determine eligibility, concerns persist that this approach may perpetuate existing racial/ethnic disparities.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>To assess whether health cost-based MTM eligibility differs across race/ethnicity and whether machine learning models reproduce observed disparities in predicted eligibility.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This study analyzed 2019 Medicare administrative data linked to the Area Health Resource File for a 10% random sample of fee-for-service beneficiaries. Outcomes were binary indicators of top-quartile medication and health care costs, each measured from the Medicare and health care system perspectives. Multivariable logistic regression was employed to assess racial/ethnic disparities in top-quartile costs, using 6 algorithms – regularized logistic regression, random forest, gradient boosted trees, support vector machine, multilayer perceptron, and a consensus model. Predicted probabilities were computed to assess disparities in model outputs using multivariable fractional logistic regression.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Among 1,848,654 Medicare beneficiaries, Black and Hispanic individuals had significantly lower adjusted odds of top-quartile costs across all cost outcomes compared to their non-Hispanic White counterparts. For instance, the odds of being in the top quartile for total medication costs were 28% lower for Black beneficiaries (odds ratio [OR] = 0.72, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.70–0.75) and 21% lower for Hispanic beneficiaries (OR = 0.79, 95% CI = 0.74–0.84). Machine learning models reproduced these disparities in predicted probabilities, mirroring patterns in the empirical data.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Implementing cost-based MTM eligibility through predictive algorithms may perpetuate racial/ethnic disparities in MTM program access. Future research should explore strategies to mitigate such a potential when using such modeling to determine MTM eligibility.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50015,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Pharmacists Association","volume":"66 2","pages":"Article 103015"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145890920","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"How individuals choose medications: Tool development for a discrete choice experiment on eye allergy treatment decisions","authors":"Laura Formosa,&nbsp;Ruben Vargas,&nbsp;Leslie Wilson","doi":"10.1016/j.japh.2025.103010","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.japh.2025.103010","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Allergic conjunctivitis affects nearly 40% of the U.S. population, triggered by allergens like pollen or pet dander. Since only 10% of individuals seek medical attention, most rely on over-the-counter (OTC) treatments. The condition can be managed with OTC and prescription (Rx) medications, depending on symptom severity. However, little is known about how individuals decide between treatment approaches.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>This study aimed to develop and pilot-test a choice-based conjoint (CBC) tool to measure preferences for 3 treatment approaches: 1) self-selected OTC treatment, 2) pharmacist-advised OTC treatment, and 3) physician-prescribed Rx treatment.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We developed a CBC tool following ISPOR guidelines for conjoint analysis and discrete choice experiments. Key steps included identifying relevant attributes through literature review, validating them through interviews (n = 9), and designing the CBC in Sawtooth Software (Sawtooth Software, Inc) with 10 random and 3 fixed scenarios. Validity testing was conducted with 22 participants to evaluate the tool's ability to capture variability across preference responses.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The CBC tool included 7 attributes: speed of access to treatment, first treatment decision, accuracy of treatment, ease and comfort of administration, cost, time and duration of relief, and side effects, each with 2–3 levels. Validity results showed capture of variability in responses and ability to respond to fixed questions.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>This research developed a CBC tool using discrete choice methods to measure how individuals make trade-offs among access, symptom relief, and other factors when selecting treatment approaches for allergic conjunctivitis. The tool offers a replicable framework for measuring individual's treatment management decisions in health care across the health care continuum. This tool will allow measurement of individual preferences for medication choices across the spectrum from self- or pharmacy-assisted OTC, to physician prescribed treatments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50015,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Pharmacists Association","volume":"66 2","pages":"Article 103010"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-12-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145844661","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pharmacists' propensity to trust automated technologies: A demographic analysis","authors":"Megan Whitaker,&nbsp;Brigid Rowell,&nbsp;Jin Yong Kim,&nbsp;Raed Al Kontar,&nbsp;X. Jessie Yang,&nbsp;Corey A. Lester","doi":"10.1016/j.japh.2025.103011","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.japh.2025.103011","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Artificial intelligence (AI), in conjunction with automated technologies, is being deployed in pharmacies. Little research has been published regarding pharmacists' general willingness to trust AI. Understanding pharmacists' propensity to trust (PTT) AI may help guide the successful implementation and adoption of AI tools.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>The objective is to assess pharmacists' PTT AI with automated technology and identify factors that may influence this tendency.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>As part of a larger study, licensed pharmacists completed a demographics survey and the PTT survey before testing AI advice on medication fills. The PTT survey consisted of 6 statements about AI and pharmacists indicated their level of agreement using a 5-point Likert scale, with higher numbers indicating more agreement. Summary statistics, Kruskal-Wallis tests, linear regressions, and confidence intervals were calculated.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Ninety-nine pharmacists completed the surveys. The mean pharmacist age was 38.1 years and the median PTT score was 3.83 (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.001). Age was a statistically significant predictor of PTT (β = 0.02, <em>P</em> &lt; 0.001, and R² = 0.11). Linear regressions yielded statistically significant results for age and the work experience category of 21 or more years. No significant differences were found between the PTT scores and gender, ethnicity, race, or pharmacy setting.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Older and more experienced pharmacists had higher PTT scores. Exposure to AI tools during pharmacy education may help younger pharmacists optimize their PTT AI.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50015,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Pharmacists Association","volume":"66 2","pages":"Article 103011"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145835831","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A unifying vision for pharmacy: Defining professional identity through stakeholder perspectives","authors":"Denise H. Rhoney,&nbsp;Kimberly K. Daugherty,&nbsp;Aleda M.H. Chen,&nbsp;Mariann Churchwell,&nbsp;Stephanie Sibicky,&nbsp;Krisy-Ann Thornby,&nbsp;Nicholas R. Nelson,&nbsp;Erika L. Kleppinger,&nbsp;Dennis Parker,&nbsp;Kelly R. Ragucci,&nbsp;Cindy D. Stowe PharmD,&nbsp;Tina P. Brock","doi":"10.1016/j.japh.2025.103013","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.japh.2025.103013","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Amid evolving health care demands, pharmacy faces a critical identity inflection point that requires a cohesive vision.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>This study aimed to define a cohesive, stakeholder-informed vision for the U.S. pharmacist's societal role by analyzing perceptions from across education, practice, and policy.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The study applied a multimethod qualitative design guided by constructivist epistemology incorporating thematic analysis, metaphor discourse analysis, force field mapping, and analysis of alignment with national forecast reports. Data were collected from 27 focus groups and 8 individual interviews with 148 participants representing 8 stakeholder categories.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>From these themes, five metaphorical roles emerged, medication safety and optimization; access and equity in health care; chronic disease management; health promotion and preventative services; and patient education, counseling, and advocacy, highlighting broad agreement on pharmacists' contributions. Five metaphorical roles, safety net, steward, coach, navigator, and advocate, reflected a multidimensional professional identity. Force field analysis demonstrated a balance between driving forces, such as accessibility, medication safety, and public health leadership, and restraining forces, including lack of provider status, regulatory variation, and workforce instability. Comparative analysis showed strong alignment with national pharmacy forecasts, though gaps emerged in areas such as digital readiness, economic literacy, and global practice models.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>This study provides an empirically grounded framework to inform a unifying vision for pharmacy's future. Stakeholder insights reinforce the need for education reform, policy realignment, and narrative clarity to reposition pharmacists as essential contributors to health-system transformation. By embracing a hybrid identity and dismantling structural barriers, the profession can fulfill its societal mandate in safety, accessibility, and care innovation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50015,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Pharmacists Association","volume":"66 2","pages":"Article 103013"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145835819","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}