Journal of the American Pharmacists Association最新文献

英文中文

Feasibility of pharmacy-based research opportunity to enhance community testing and surveillance 基于药房的加强社区检测和监控研究机会（PROTECTS）的可行性。

IF 2.5 4区医学 Q3 PHARMACOLOGY & PHARMACY

Journal of the American Pharmacists Association

Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.japh.2024.102151

Vincent J. Venditto, Brooke Hudspeth, Patricia R. Freeman, Lien Qasrawi, R. Kiplin Guy, Victoria H. Farley, Royce A. Johnson, Edward Freeman, David Henson, Ryan Marion, Sheridan B. Wagner, Brianna M. Doratt, Ilhem Messaoudi-Powers

Background

Approximately 89% of the US population lives within five miles of a community pharmacy, which provides a network of geographically distributed recruitment nodes for testing and surveillance of infection and disease.

Objectives

Establish feasibility of Pharmacy-based Research Opportunities To Enhance Community Testing and Surveillance in the context of SARS-CoV-2 infection in a community pharmacy setting with University of Kentucky serving as the coordinating center and research hub for sample analysis.

Methods

Two community pharmacies in Kentucky served as community-based recruitment sites to assess SARS-CoV-2 exposure through longitudinal (5 visits over 56 days) collection of nasal swabs and blood samples from subjects.

Results

Fifty subjects were recruited between May 2022 and December 2023 for longitudinal sample collection. Three phases of recruitment were investigated by first establishing standard operating procedures in an urban pharmacy, then expanding recruitment at a second pharmacy in a rural setting, and finally increasing recruitment at the urban pharmacy. During the first phase of recruitment, 12 participants were recruited. Of these participants, two never scheduled a visit after the initial screening. The median time for study completion from first to last visit within this phase was 59 days (interquartile range: 56-68 days). During the second phase of recruitment, eight of nine participants completed all five visits. The median time to complete all visits was 105 days (interquartile range: 98-112 days). During the ongoing third phase, 29 subjects were recruited, and 19 participants completed all required visits and the remainder continue to schedule follow-up appointments.

Conclusion

Community pharmacies have a significant role in promoting public health. The geographic distribution of community pharmacies makes them appealing locations for recruitment of outpatient cohorts for local surveillance of infections and chronic inflammatory conditions with opportunities for broad implementation of this project for clinical trials in underserved communities.

背景：大约 89% 的美国人口居住在社区药房五英里范围内：大约 89% 的美国人口居住在距离社区药房 5 英里以内的地方，而社区药房为感染和疾病的检测和监测提供了一个地理分布广泛的招募节点网络：方法：肯塔基大学作为样本分析的协调中心和研究枢纽，在社区药房环境中针对 SARS-CoV-2 感染确定基于药房的 "加强社区检测和监测研究机会"（PROTECTS）的可行性：方法：肯塔基州的两家社区药房作为社区招募点，通过纵向（56 天内访问 5 次）采集受试者的鼻拭子和血液样本来评估 SARS-CoV-2 感染情况：在 2022 年 5 月至 2023 年 12 月期间招募了 50 名受试者进行纵向样本采集。调查了三个阶段的招募情况，首先在城市药房建立标准操作程序，然后在农村环境中的第二家药房扩大招募，最后在城市药房增加招募。在第一阶段的招募中，共招募了 12 名参与者。在这些参与者中，有两人在初次筛选后从未安排就诊。在这一阶段，从首次就诊到最后一次就诊，完成研究的中位时间为 59 天（IQR：56-68 天）。在第二阶段的招募中，9 名参与者中有 8 人完成了全部 5 次就诊。完成所有访问的中位时间为 105 天（IQR：98-112 天）。在正在进行的第三阶段，共招募了 29 名受试者，其中 19 名受试者完成了所有要求的访问，其余受试者继续预约后续访问：社区药房在促进公众健康方面发挥着重要作用。社区药房的地理分布使其成为招募门诊病人队列以对感染和慢性炎症进行本地监测的理想地点，同时也为在服务不足的社区广泛开展该项目临床试验提供了机会。

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引用次数: 0

Pharmacy in 2050: To succeed, we must adapt 2050 年的药学：要想成功，我们必须适应。

IF 2.5 4区医学 Q3 PHARMACOLOGY & PHARMACY

Journal of the American Pharmacists Association

Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.japh.2024.102287

Spencer E. Harpe PharmD, PhD, MPH, FAPhA

引用次数: 0

In a time of advocating for continued advancement of pharmacy practice, why advocate for less specialization? 在提倡继续推进药学实践的时代，为什么要提倡减少专业化？

IF 2.5 4区医学 Q3 PHARMACOLOGY & PHARMACY

Journal of the American Pharmacists Association

Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.japh.2024.102136

Devin Lavender PharmD, BCPS, BCACP, Chelsea A. Keedy PharmD, BCACP

引用次数: 0

Pharmacists’ answer to the COVID-19 pandemic: Contribution of the Federal Retail Pharmacy Program to COVID-19 vaccination across sociodemographic characteristics—United States 药剂师对COVID-19大流行的回答：联邦零售药房计划对跨社会人口特征的COVID-19疫苗接种的贡献-美国。

IF 2.5 4区医学 Q3 PHARMACOLOGY & PHARMACY

Journal of the American Pharmacists Association

Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.japh.2024.102305

Roua El Kalach, Nkenge H. Jones-Jack, John D. Grabenstein, Mattie Elam, Abdulhakeem A. Olorukooba, Amee K. deMartino, Marley Vazquez, Shannon Stokley, Sarah A. Meyer, Teresa W. Wang, Andrew Himsel, Connor Medernach, Kendra Jenkins, Stacey Marovich, Meranda D. Bradley, Brian J. Manns, Doug Romerhausen, Lori B. Moore

Background

The Federal Retail Pharmacy Program (FRPP) integrated pharmacies as partners in the national effort to maximize vaccination during the COVID-19 public health emergency.

Objective

The objective of this study was to quantify the contribution of pharmacies participating in FRPP to COVID-19 vaccination efforts during December 2020-September 2023 across sociodemographic groups in the United States.

Methods

Data on COVID-19 vaccine doses administered reported to Centers for Disease Control and Prevention by FRPP and jurisdictional immunization information systems of all 50 states, the District of Columbia, and U.S. territories were analyzed to estimate FRPP contributions.

Results

Approximately 314.9 million COVID-19 vaccine doses were administered by FRPP throughout this period, constituting 48.9% of all COVID-19 vaccine doses administered. FRPP contributions to COVID-19 vaccination ranged from 12.9% to 56.8% for persons aged 6 months–4 years and 12–17 years, respectively. FRPP made the highest contribution to administering COVID-19 doses to Non-Hispanic Asian (48.7%) and Hispanic/Latino (49.8%) persons. The proportion of COVID-19 doses given by FRPP pharmacies was found to be higher in urban areas (57%) compared with rural areas (45%).

Conclusion

FRPP administered a substantial proportion of COVID-19 vaccine doses in the United States and provided vaccine access for persons across a wide range of groups. Pharmacies can complement vaccination efforts during public health emergency situations and in routine vaccination programs.

背景：联邦零售药房计划（FRPP）将药店作为合作伙伴纳入2019冠状病毒病突发公共卫生事件期间最大限度地开展疫苗接种的国家努力。目的：本研究的目的是量化参与FRPP的药店在2020年12月至2023年9月期间在美国各社会人口统计学群体中对COVID-19疫苗接种工作的贡献。方法：分析所有50个州、哥伦比亚特区和美国领土的FRPP和管辖免疫信息系统（IIS）向CDC报告的COVID-19疫苗剂量数据，以估计FRPP的贡献。结果：在此期间，FRPP接种了约3.149亿剂COVID-19疫苗，占所有COVID-19疫苗接种剂量的48.9%。FRPP对6个月至4岁和12-17岁人群COVID-19疫苗接种的贡献分别为12.9%至56.8%。FRPP对非西班牙裔亚洲人（48.7%）和西班牙裔/拉丁裔人（49.8%）的COVID-19剂量管理贡献最大。由FRPP药店提供的COVID-19剂量比例在城市（57%）高于农村（45%）。结论：FRPP在美国提供了相当大比例的COVID-19疫苗剂量，并为广泛群体的人提供了疫苗获取。在突发公共卫生事件和常规疫苗接种计划中，药房可以补充疫苗接种工作。

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引用次数: 0

Risk stratification of potential drug interactions involving common over-the-counter medications and herbal supplements by a large language model 基于大型语言模型的普通非处方药和草药补充剂的潜在药物相互作用风险分层。

IF 2.5 4区医学 Q3 PHARMACOLOGY & PHARMACY

Journal of the American Pharmacists Association

Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.japh.2024.102304

John Kim, John W.R. Kincaid, Arya S. Rao, Winston Lie, Lanting Fuh, Adam B. Landman, Marc D. Succi

Background

As polypharmacy, the use of over-the-counter (OTC) drugs, and herbal supplements becomes increasingly prevalent, the potential for adverse drug-drug interactions (DDIs) poses significant challenges to patient safety and health care outcomes.

Objective

This study evaluates the capacity of Generative Pre-trained Transformer (GPT) models to accurately assess DDIs involving prescription drugs (Rx) with OTC medications and herbal supplements.

Methods

Leveraging a popular subscription-based tool (Lexicomp), we compared the risk ratings assigned by these models to 43 Rx-OTC and 30 Rx-herbal supplement pairs.

Results

Our findings reveal that all models generally underperform, with accuracies below 50% and poor agreement with Lexicomp standards as measured by Cohen’s kappa. Notably, GPT-4 and GPT-4o demonstrated a modest improvement in identifying higher-risk interactions compared to GPT-3.5.

Conclusion

These results highlight the challenges and limitations of using off-the-shelf large language models for guidance in DDI assessment.

背景：随着综合用药、非处方药（OTC）和草药补充剂的使用越来越普遍，潜在的不良药物相互作用（ddi）对患者安全和医疗保健结果构成了重大挑战。目的：本研究评估生成预训练变压器（GPT）模型准确评估处方药（Rx）与OTC药物和草药补充剂的ddi的能力。方法：利用流行的基于订阅的工具（Lexicomp®），我们比较了这些模型分配的43对处方- otc和30对处方-草药补充剂的风险评级。结果：我们的研究结果表明，所有模型通常表现不佳，准确率低于50%，并且与科恩kappa测量的Lexicomp标准的一致性较差。值得注意的是，与GPT-3.5相比，GPT-4和gpt - 40在识别高风险相互作用方面表现出适度的改善。结论：这些结果突出了在DDI评估中使用现成的大型语言模型（llm）进行指导的挑战和局限性。

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引用次数: 0

Navigating transition with hope and resilience 带着希望和韧性度过过渡期。

IF 2.5 4区医学 Q3 PHARMACOLOGY & PHARMACY

Journal of the American Pharmacists Association

Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.japh.2024.102317

Pamela C. Heaton BSPharm, PhD, FAPhA

引用次数: 0

Cover

IF 2.5 4区医学 Q3 PHARMACOLOGY & PHARMACY

Journal of the American Pharmacists Association

Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.japh.2025.102335

引用次数: 0

Reimagining the ambulatory care training pathway 重新规划非住院护理培训途径。

IF 2.5 4区医学 Q3 PHARMACOLOGY & PHARMACY

Journal of the American Pharmacists Association

Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.japh.2024.102135

Jean Y. Moon PharmD, BCACP, Sarah M. Westberg PharmD, BCPS, Todd D. Sorensen PharmD

引用次数: 0

Exploring worldwide training pathways that enable clinical pharmacy career development 探索促进临床药学职业发展的培训途径：来自十三个国家的启示。

IF 2.5 4区医学 Q3 PHARMACOLOGY & PHARMACY

Journal of the American Pharmacists Association

Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.japh.2024.102266

Laura Moura, A. Costa, Stephane Steurbaut, Helder Mota Filipe, Silvana Leite, Filipa Alves da Costa

Background

Pharmaceutical education is crucial for preparing pharmacists for evolving professional practice. The clinical component of pharmaceutical education and practice has grown and improved globally, though its implementation varies. Training pathways for clinical pharmacy careers vary worldwide.

Objective

This study aimed to explore training pathways enabling career development in clinical pharmacy.

Methods

In-depth interviews on clinical pharmacy career development were conducted with a purposive sample of academic and practice experts from thirteen countries, selected based on a prior literature review. Interviews were recorded following participants’ consent, transcribed verbatim, thematically analyzed by one researcher, and verified by a second. Disagreements were resolved through discussion with a third researcher.

Results

In ten of the analyzed countries, the competencies required to perform clinical activities were considered the foundation of the pharmacy profession, suggesting that undergraduate education is sufficient to perform clinical pharmacy activities.

Reported training-related success factors associated with the development of a career in clinical pharmacy included: interprofessional education, focus on the health context of each country, ensuring students’ readiness, practice site partnerships, patient-centricity and patient contact, good mentorship and preceptorship, time and work flexibility of the candidates, effective training evaluation and, financial support for training. Conversely, shortage of mentors and teachers with clinical practice experience, slow responsiveness of the regulatory environment, insufficient funding, resistance to change, and education-practice mismatch were identified as training-related constraints.

Conclusion

Clinical activities form the foundation of the pharmacy profession in most countries, and undergraduate education directly provides the skills to undertake these, even though optional postgraduate education may be pursued. Understanding existing training pathways, including success factors and implementation challenges, can inform the creation, development, and optimization of education for clinical pharmacy careers.

背景：药学教育对于培养药剂师进行不断发展的专业实践至关重要。药学教育和实践中的临床部分在全球范围内得到了发展和改善，尽管其实施情况各不相同。世界各地临床药学职业的培训途径也不尽相同：本研究旨在探索促进临床药学职业发展的培训途径：方法：根据事先的文献综述，对来自 13 个国家的学术和实践专家进行了有关临床药学职业发展的深度访谈。访谈在征得参与者同意后进行录音，逐字记录，由一名研究人员进行主题分析，并由另一名研究人员进行核实。与第三位研究人员的分歧通过讨论解决：在所分析的 10 个国家中，从事临床活动所需的能力被认为是药学专业的基础，这表明本科教育足以胜任临床药学活动。据报告，与临床药学职业发展相关的培训成功因素包括：跨专业教育、关注每个国家的卫生背景、确保学生做好准备、实习基地合作、以病人为中心和与病人接触、良好的导师制和实习前指导、候选人的时间和工作灵活性、有效的培训评估以及对培训的财政支持。相反，具有临床实践经验的导师和教师短缺、监管环境反应迟缓、资金不足、抵制变革以及教育与实践不匹配被认为是与培训相关的制约因素：结论：在大多数国家，临床活动是药学专业的基础，本科教育直接提供了开展这些活动的技能，即使可以选择研究生教育。了解现有的培训途径，包括成功因素和实施挑战，可以为临床药学职业教育的创建、发展和优化提供参考。

{"title":"Exploring worldwide training pathways that enable clinical pharmacy career development","authors":"Laura Moura, A. Costa, Stephane Steurbaut, Helder Mota Filipe, Silvana Leite, Filipa Alves da Costa","doi":"10.1016/j.japh.2024.102266","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.japh.2024.102266","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Pharmaceutical education is crucial for preparing pharmacists for evolving professional practice. The clinical component of pharmaceutical education and practice has grown and improved globally, though its implementation varies. Training pathways for clinical pharmacy careers vary worldwide.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>This study aimed to explore training pathways enabling career development in clinical pharmacy.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>In-depth interviews on clinical pharmacy career development were conducted with a purposive sample of academic and practice experts from thirteen countries, selected based on a prior literature review. Interviews were recorded following participants’ consent, transcribed verbatim, thematically analyzed by one researcher, and verified by a second. Disagreements were resolved through discussion with a third researcher.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>In ten of the analyzed countries, the competencies required to perform clinical activities were considered the foundation of the pharmacy profession, suggesting that undergraduate education is sufficient to perform clinical pharmacy activities.</div><div>Reported training-related success factors associated with the development of a career in clinical pharmacy included: interprofessional education, focus on the health context of each country, ensuring students’ readiness, practice site partnerships, patient-centricity and patient contact, good mentorship and preceptorship, time and work flexibility of the candidates, effective training evaluation and, financial support for training. Conversely, shortage of mentors and teachers with clinical practice experience, slow responsiveness of the regulatory environment, insufficient funding, resistance to change, and education-practice mismatch were identified as training-related constraints.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Clinical activities form the foundation of the pharmacy profession in most countries, and undergraduate education directly provides the skills to undertake these, even though optional postgraduate education may be pursued. Understanding existing training pathways, including success factors and implementation challenges, can inform the creation, development, and optimization of education for clinical pharmacy careers.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50015,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Pharmacists Association","volume":"65 1","pages":"Article 102266"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142479307","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Systematic review and meta-analysis on effectiveness of strategies for enhancing adverse drug reaction reporting 关于加强药物不良反应报告策略有效性的系统回顾和元分析。

IF 2.5 4区医学 Q3 PHARMACOLOGY & PHARMACY

Journal of the American Pharmacists Association

Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.japh.2024.102293

Niphonh Mongkhonmath, Phayom Sookaneknun Olson, Panupong Puttarak, Nathorn Chaiyakunapruk, Ratree Sawangjit

Background

Pharmacovigilance is essential for patient safety, but underreporting adverse drug reactions (ADRs) is a global challenge.

Objectives

This review evaluated the effectiveness of strategies for enhancing ADR reporting by healthcare professionals (HCPs).

Methods

This systematic review was conducted following the Cochrane and the PRISMA guidelines. Five international databases were searched from inception to December 2023 and updated search to September 2024. Randomized clinical controlled trials (RCTs) and non-RCTs on enhancing ADR reporting were included. The primary outcomes were the number of overall ADR and high-quality ADR reports. Study quality was assessed using the Effective Practice and Organization of Care risk of bias (ROB), and ROBIN-I for RCT, and non-RCT. All data were evaluated using a random-effects model, and heterogeneity was assessed using I² statistic and chi-squared tests.

Results

From 1672 studies, 13 studies (10 RCTs, and 3 non-RCTs) with 28,116 participants were included. Two of 10 RCTs had low ROB while the remaining were judged as unclear and moderate ROB. Most studies were in high-income countries, and the main strategy was educating HCPs through workshops. Meta-analysis showed significant increases in overall ADR reporting through educating HCPs with a rate ratio (RR) of 5.09 (95% CI: 3.36-7.71, I² = 84.5%, low certainty), and in high-quality reporting with 1.31 (95% CI: 1.09–1.58, I² = 0.0%, moderate certainty). Subgroup analysis indicated that educating HCPs through face-to-face workshops combined with the Tawai app (RR:10.5, 95% CI: 8.74–12.61), a face-to-face workshop alone (RR:6.69, 95% CI: 5.43–8.25, I² = 0.0%), and repeated telephone (RR:2.59, 95% CI: 1.75–3.84, I² = 8.8%) significantly increased the overall number of ADR reports with moderate certainty. Email or letter communications showed no significant effect.

Conclusion

Educating HCPs via interactive strategies like face-to-face workshops with or without a mobile app and repeated phone calls improved ADR reporting. However, long-term, high-quality studies are needed to confirm these findings before recommending widespread implementation in clinical practice, especially in low-and middle-income countries.

背景：药物警戒对患者安全至关重要，但药物不良反应（ADRs）报告不足是一项全球性挑战：本综述评估了加强医疗保健专业人员（HCPs）报告药物不良反应的策略的有效性：本系统性综述遵循 Cochrane 和 PRISMA 指南。检索了五个国际数据库，检索期从开始至 2023 年 12 月，更新检索期至 2024 年 9 月。纳入了有关加强 ADR 报告的随机临床对照试验 (RCT) 和非 RCT。主要结果是总体 ADR 报告和高质量 ADR 报告的数量。研究质量采用 EPOC 偏倚风险 (ROB) 和 ROBIN-I 对 RCT 和非 RCT 进行评估。所有数据均采用随机效应模型进行评估，异质性采用 I2 统计量和卡方检验进行评估：在 1,672 项研究中，共纳入了 13 项研究（10 项 RCT 和 3 项非 RCT），28,116 名参与者。在 10 项研究性试验中，有两项研究的投资回报率较低，其余研究的投资回报率被判定为不明确和中等。大多数研究都在高收入国家进行，主要策略是通过研讨会对保健医生进行教育。Meta 分析表明，通过对 HCPs 进行教育，ADR 报告率 (RR) 明显增加，达到 5.09（95%CI：3.36-7.71，I2=84.5%，低度确定性），高质量报告率为 1.31（95%CI：1.09-1.58，I2=0.0%，中度确定性）。亚组分析表明，通过结合 Tawai 应用程序的面对面研讨会（RR:10.5，95%CI:8.74-12.61）、单独的面对面研讨会（RR:6.69，95%CI:5.43-8.25，I2=0.0%）和重复电话（RR:2.59，95%CI:1.75-3.84，I2=8.8%）对 HCP 进行教育可显著增加 ADR 报告的总数，确定性为中等。电子邮件或信件沟通没有明显效果：结论：通过互动策略（如使用或不使用移动应用程序的面对面研讨会以及反复拨打电话）对初级保健人员进行教育可提高ADR报告率。然而，在建议在临床实践中（尤其是在低收入国家）广泛实施之前，需要进行长期、高质量的研究来证实这些发现。

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