Journal of the American Pharmacists Association最新文献_第5页

Organizational preparedness for implementing an evidence-based multilevel intervention to improve the timeliness of lung cancer treatment 实施循证多层次干预以提高肺癌治疗及时性的组织准备。

IF 2.5 4区医学 Q3 PHARMACOLOGY & PHARMACY

Journal of the American Pharmacists Association

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.japh.2025.102956

Sabina Nduaguba, Nicole Stout, Kimberly Kelly, Mohammad Almubarak

Background

Delayed time to treatment is a key determinant of poor survival among patients with lung cancer. Factors affecting the timeliness of lung cancer treatment are multilevel in nature. Most interventions target only 1 level of influence. Existing evidence-based interventions that work in 1 setting may fail to work in a different setting owing to poor fit in the new setting or deviations from the original intervention. Our study evaluated the feasibility of adopting a Veterans Health Administration (VHA) evidence-based multilevel intervention (EBMLI) within an academic health system.

Methods

The VHA EBMLI is a multilevel lung cancer care coordination program previously used by the VHA targeting the individual, provider team, and organization levels. The intervention effectively reduced time to treatment for Veterans with lung cancer over 7 years with statistically significant individual-level reductions by approximately 50%. We conducted a survey of providers across 5 sites on the acceptability, appropriateness, and feasibility toward the EBMLI using the following validated scales: (1) acceptability of intervention measure (AIM) (score range 1-5), (2) intervention appropriateness measure (IAM) (1-5), (3) feasibility of intervention measure (FIM) (1-5), (4) implementation climate scale (ICS) (0-4), and (5) implementation leadership scale (ILS) (0-4).

Results

A total of 45 providers consented to participate in the survey, and 36 (mean age 46 ± 11 years) across 5 sites completed the survey. Most had MD or PhD degrees (46%), were physicians (42%), and had >10 years’ health care experience (49%) with 20 ± 20 patients with lung cancer seen per week, of whom 60% of providers saw only adult patients. Mean scores on the scales were AIM (4.1 ± 0.8), IAM (4.0 ± 0.8), FIM (4.1 ± 0.8), ICS (2.7 ± 0.7), and ILS (3.2 ± 0.9).

Conclusion

Although the proposed EBMLI may be well received by providers and leadership, acknowledgment of contexts affecting organizational climate is needed to ensure the feasibility of the adaptation, implementation, and sustainability of the VHA EBMLI.

背景：延迟治疗时间是肺癌患者生存不良的关键决定因素。影响肺癌治疗及时性的因素本质上是多层次的。大多数干预措施只针对一个层面的影响。现有的循证干预措施（ebi）在一种环境中起作用，可能由于不适合新的环境或偏离原始干预措施而在不同的环境中不起作用。本研究评估了在学术卫生系统中采用退伍军人健康管理局（VHA）循证多层次干预（EBMLI）的可行性。方法：VHA EBMLI是VHA先前采用的针对个人，提供者团队和组织层面的多层次肺癌护理协调计划。干预有效地缩短了患有肺癌的退伍军人7年以上的治疗时间，显著减少了约50%的个人水平。我们对5个地点的医疗服务提供者进行了一项调查，调查内容包括对EBMLI的可接受性、适当性和可行性，调查采用了以下经过验证的量表：1)干预措施的可接受性（AIM，得分范围：1-5）；2)干预适当性测量（IAM, 1-5）；3)干预措施的可行性（FIM, 1-5）；4)实施气候尺度（ICS, 0-4）；5)实施领导力量表（ILS, 0-4）。结果：来自5个地点的45名提供者同意参与调查，36名（平均年龄46±11岁）完成了调查。大多数人拥有医学博士或博士学位（46%），医生（42%），有10年以上的医疗保健经验（49%），每周有20±20例肺癌患者就诊，其中60%的医生只接待成年患者。量表平均得分为：AIM（4.1±0.8）分、IAM（4.0±0.8）分、FIM（4.1±0.8）分、ICS（2.7±0.7）分、ILS（3.2±0.9）分。结论：虽然拟议的EBMLI可能会受到提供者和领导的欢迎，但需要承认影响组织气候的背景，以确保VHA EBMLI的适应性、实施和可持续性。

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引用次数: 0

Engaging community pharmacies and schools of pharmacy 与社区药房和药学院合作。

IF 2.5 4区医学 Q3 PHARMACOLOGY & PHARMACY

Journal of the American Pharmacists Association

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.japh.2025.102977

Hanna Mitchell, Meagen Rosenthal, Meagan Brown, Anastasia Jenkins, Lindsey M. Rayborn

Background

Academic institutions are in a unique position to build relationships with community pharmacies, with most facilitated engagements in the literature focusing on students as facilitators of these partnerships. However, preceptors note challenges managing time and incorporating students into workflow. Applying community-based participatory research (CBPR) principles can help ensure that partnerships between schools and pharmacies are sustainable, responsive to current needs, and positioned to advance practice.

Objective

To demonstrate how schools/colleges of pharmacy can develop equitable, sustainable, and mutually beneficial partnerships with community pharmacies by describing the process undertaken by the University of Mississippi School of Pharmacy (UMSOP), using CBPR principles to host a pharmacy summit event for community preceptors.

Methods

A preprogram survey was sent to all community pharmacy preceptors associated with the UMSOP that consisted of 4 questions: 3 utilizing a Likert scale and a fourth open response. Preprogram survey responses were used by the planning committee to create the itinerary for the summit. The same preceptors who were asked to complete the preprogram survey were also invited to the summit. Summit attendees were given an opportunity to obtain continuing education credit by completing a business plan for a revenue-generating care service to provide in their pharmacy and filling out a postprogram evaluation.

Results

The preprogram survey received 25 of 76 responses from community pharmacy preceptors. Top interests from preceptors were Advocacy/Legislation Updates, Non-Dispensing Revenue, and Effectively Utilizing Pharmacy Students, and the top challenges were recognized as Low Reimbursement Rates, Pharmacy Cash Payment Model, and Marketing. The summit hosted 12 pharmacists from 12 different pharmacies, 7 faculty, 8 state pharmacy organization representatives, and 4 students/residents. Seven attendees submitted business plans, which all directly correlated to content from the event itinerary.

Conclusion

This pharmacy summit demonstrates how academic institutions can use this distinctive approach to develop and build on partnerships with community pharmacies, and we hope it can serve as a model for other schools seeking to engage with community pharmacies. The goal for UMSOP is to continue to host a pharmacy summit on an annual basis and develop more projects rooted in the principles of CBPR in order to continuously develop community pharmacy partnerships.

背景：学术机构在与社区药房建立关系方面处于独特的地位，文献中大多数促进参与都关注学生作为这些伙伴关系的促进者。然而，导师们注意到管理时间和将学生纳入工作流程的挑战。应用基于社区的参与性研究（CBPR）原则可以帮助确保学校和药房之间的伙伴关系是可持续的，对当前需求作出反应，并有利于推进实践。目的：通过描述密西西比大学药学院（UMSOP）采用CBPR原则为社区教师举办的药学峰会活动的过程，展示药学院如何与社区药房建立公平、可持续和互利的伙伴关系。方法：向所有与UMSOP相关的社区药房教师发送计划前调查，包括四个问题：三个使用李克特量表，第四个开放式回答。计划委员会利用计划前的调查结果来制定峰会的行程。被要求完成项目前调查的同一位导师也被邀请参加峰会。与会者有机会通过完成一份在其药房提供创收保健服务的商业计划并填写项目后评估来获得继续教育（CE）学分。结果：项目前调查收到76份社区药房教师回复中的25份。教师们最感兴趣的是宣传/立法更新、非调剂收入和有效利用药学学生，而最大的挑战被认为是低报销率、药房现金支付模式和营销。来自12家不同药房的12名药剂师、7名教师、8名州药房组织代表和4名学生/居民参加了此次峰会。7位与会者提交了商业计划书，这些计划书都与活动行程的内容直接相关。总结：这次药学峰会展示了学术机构如何利用这种独特的方法与社区药房发展和建立伙伴关系，我们希望它能成为其他寻求与社区药房合作的学校的典范。UMSOP的目标是继续每年举办一次药学峰会，并开发更多基于CBPR原则的项目，以不断发展社区药学合作伙伴关系。

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引用次数: 0

Implementation is the key to success 执行是成功的关键。

IF 2.5 4区医学 Q3 PHARMACOLOGY & PHARMACY

Journal of the American Pharmacists Association

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.japh.2025.103005

Spencer E. Harpe PharmD, PhD, MPH, FAPhA

引用次数: 0

A pharmacist-led mobile pop-up clinic: Development and pilot implementation outcomes 药剂师主导的移动弹出式诊所：发展和试点实施结果。

IF 2.5 4区医学 Q3 PHARMACOLOGY & PHARMACY

Journal of the American Pharmacists Association

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.japh.2025.102975

Erin E. Miller, Patricia Ahmed, Alex W. Middendorf, Deidra Van Gilder, James W. Amell, Margie E. Snyder

Background

Mobile health clinic models represent a promising, cost-effective approach to providing health care which pharmacists are well equipped to provide. Implementation science (IS) concepts and frameworks may be particularly valuable when designing such models of health care delivery for populations with limited access to care. We apply IS principles to develop a pharmacy-led mobile pop-up clinic, evaluate its implementation, and identify suggested areas of improvement.

Objective

To develop a novel pharmacist-led mobile pop-up clinic and describe its appropriateness, adoption, acceptability, feasibility, and fidelity.

Methods

Design of the model incorporated mitigation strategies identified through preimplementation work utilizing the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR) Expert Recommendations for Implementing Change Implementation Strategy Matching Tool. Community stakeholder interviews in the target community were conducted to assess appropriateness prior to site selection. Implementation outcomes were selected from Proctor's Implementation Outcomes Framework. Specifically, acceptability and feasibility were evaluated utilizing questionnaires adapted from the Theory of Informed Acceptability and Feasibility of Intervention Measure, respectively, and debriefing sessions were held with volunteers and the project team. A checklist was utilized to evaluate fidelity.

Results

The pop-up clinic had overall positive outcomes. Community stakeholders supported appropriateness of the clinic in their community. Adoption was 100% for the site, collaborators, and services offered. High levels of acceptability were seen from both patients (75% “very acceptable”) and volunteers (88.9% "completely acceptable”). Volunteers found the event feasible in all categories. Debriefing sessions with volunteers supported acceptability and feasibility. Fidelity was variable.

Conclusion

The application of the empirically supported CFIR and Proctor Implementation Outcomes Framework yielded positive results in the delivery of a pharmacy-led pilot mobile pop-up clinic.

背景：移动卫生诊所模式代表了一个有前途的，具有成本效益的方法来提供卫生保健，药剂师有能力提供。在为获得医疗服务机会有限的人群设计这种医疗服务模式时，实施科学概念和框架可能特别有价值。我们应用实施科学原则来开发药房主导的移动弹出式诊所，评估其实施情况，并确定建议的改进领域。目的：开发一种新型的药剂师主导的移动弹出式诊所，并描述其适宜性、采用性、可接受性、可行性和保真度。方法：模型的设计纳入了利用cfr - eric实施策略匹配工具通过实施前工作确定的缓解策略。在选址之前，在目标社区进行了社区利益相关者访谈，以评估适当性。实施结果从Proctor的实施结果框架中选择。具体而言，分别利用知情可接受性理论和干预措施可行性理论的改编版本对可接受性和可行性进行评估，并与志愿者和项目团队举行汇报会议。使用一个检查表来评估保真度。结果：弹出式诊所的总体结果是积极的。社区利益相关者支持诊所在其社区的适宜性。网站、合作者和所提供的服务的采用率是100%。患者（75%“非常可接受”）和志愿者（88.9%“完全可接受”）的可接受程度都很高。志愿者发现该活动在所有类别中都是可行的。与志愿者的汇报会议支持可接受性和可行性。忠实度是可变的。结论：经验支持的实施研究综合框架（CFIR）和Proctor实施成果框架的应用在药房主导的试点移动弹出式诊所的交付方面取得了积极成果。

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引用次数: 0

Substance use disorder education via digital outreach: An evaluation of program dissemination and implementation 通过数字外展的物质使用障碍教育：项目传播和实施的评估。

IF 2.5 4区医学 Q3 PHARMACOLOGY & PHARMACY

Journal of the American Pharmacists Association

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.japh.2025.102976

Anne Taylor , Nicholas McCormick , Haley Phillippe, Renee Delaney, Brent Fox, Karen Marlowe, Lindsey Hohmann

Background

Substance use disorders (SUDs) remain a significant public health concern in Alabama, where usage rates for substances such as opioids, alcohol, and tobacco exceed national averages. Vulnerable populations face additional barriers due to stigma, access issues, and systemic inequities. There is a need for accessible, scalable educational interventions targeting both health care professionals and community members.

Objectives

To design, disseminate, and implement a web-based educational initiative—the Substance Use Disorders in Alabama (SUDA) program—to address emerging substance use trends among key audiences across the state.

Methods

The SUDA program was developed through a partnership between Auburn University Harrison College of Pharmacy's Center for Opioid Research, Education, and Outreach and the Alabama Department of Mental Health. Thirteen expert-led webinars were produced and made available on-demand, covering topics such as opioid use disorder, stimulant misuse, and vaping. The program targeted health care professionals (with continuing education (CE) credits offered) and community members through a digital marketing campaign using geo-targeting and behavioral data. Dissemination and implementation outcome metrics including ad impressions, click-through rates (CTR), webpage visits, webinar downloads, and CE credits issued were used to evaluate program reach, engagement, and adoption.

Results

The digital campaign generated 8 million impressions and reached 1.4 million unique users with an average CTR of 0.10%. Within 3 months of launch, the SUDA website received over 3000 unique visitors. More than 2948 CE credit hours were issued. Highest digital advertisement engagement rates were seen among LGBTQ (lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, or queer) individuals, elected officials, and social service workers. Tablet users showed the highest CTRs.

Conclusion

The SUDA program successfully disseminated and implemented a scalable, accessible digital education initiative for addressing SUDs in Alabama. Digital engagement and CE incentives effectively reached health care and community audiences. Future efforts should focus on improving access and expanding outreach to underserved populations.

背景：物质使用障碍（SUDs）仍然是阿拉巴马州一个重要的公共卫生问题，阿片类药物、酒精和烟草等物质的使用率超过了全国平均水平。由于污名化、获取途径问题和系统性不平等，弱势群体面临更多障碍。有必要针对卫生保健专业人员和社区成员采取可获得的、可扩展的教育干预措施。目的：设计、传播和实施一项基于网络的教育计划——阿拉巴马州物质使用障碍（SUDA）计划——以解决全州主要受众中出现的物质使用趋势。方法：SUDA项目是由奥本大学哈里森药学院阿片类药物研究、教育和推广中心（COACH）和阿拉巴马州精神卫生部门合作开发的。制作了13个专家主导的网络研讨会，并按需提供，涵盖阿片类药物使用障碍、兴奋剂滥用和电子烟等主题。该计划通过使用地理定位和行为数据的数字营销活动，针对医疗保健专业人员（提供CE学分）和社区成员。传播和实施结果指标包括广告印象、点击率（CTR）、网页访问量、网络研讨会下载和CE积分发放，用于评估项目覆盖范围、参与度和采用率。结果：数字活动产生了800万印象，获得了140万独立用户，平均点击率为0.10%。在上线的三个月内，SUDA网站的独立访问者超过了3000人。颁发的CE学分超过2,948个。LGBTQ个人、民选官员和社会服务工作者的数字广告参与率最高。平板电脑用户的点击率最高。结论：SUDA项目成功地传播和实施了一个可扩展的、可访问的数字教育倡议，以解决阿拉巴马州的SUDA问题。数字参与和行政奖励措施有效地影响了医疗保健和社区受众。今后的努力应侧重于改善服务不足人口的获取和扩大服务范围。

{"title":"Substance use disorder education via digital outreach: An evaluation of program dissemination and implementation","authors":"Anne Taylor , Nicholas McCormick , Haley Phillippe, Renee Delaney, Brent Fox, Karen Marlowe, Lindsey Hohmann","doi":"10.1016/j.japh.2025.102976","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.japh.2025.102976","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Substance use disorders (SUDs) remain a significant public health concern in Alabama, where usage rates for substances such as opioids, alcohol, and tobacco exceed national averages. Vulnerable populations face additional barriers due to stigma, access issues, and systemic inequities. There is a need for accessible, scalable educational interventions targeting both health care professionals and community members.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>To design, disseminate, and implement a web-based educational initiative—the Substance Use Disorders in Alabama (SUDA) program—to address emerging substance use trends among key audiences across the state.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The SUDA program was developed through a partnership between Auburn University Harrison College of Pharmacy's Center for Opioid Research, Education, and Outreach and the Alabama Department of Mental Health. Thirteen expert-led webinars were produced and made available on-demand, covering topics such as opioid use disorder, stimulant misuse, and vaping. The program targeted health care professionals (with continuing education (CE) credits offered) and community members through a digital marketing campaign using geo-targeting and behavioral data. Dissemination and implementation outcome metrics including ad impressions, click-through rates (CTR), webpage visits, webinar downloads, and CE credits issued were used to evaluate program reach, engagement, and adoption.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The digital campaign generated 8 million impressions and reached 1.4 million unique users with an average CTR of 0.10%. Within 3 months of launch, the SUDA website received over 3000 unique visitors. More than 2948 CE credit hours were issued. Highest digital advertisement engagement rates were seen among LGBTQ (lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, or queer) individuals, elected officials, and social service workers. Tablet users showed the highest CTRs.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The SUDA program successfully disseminated and implemented a scalable, accessible digital education initiative for addressing SUDs in Alabama. Digital engagement and CE incentives effectively reached health care and community audiences. Future efforts should focus on improving access and expanding outreach to underserved populations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50015,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Pharmacists Association","volume":"66 1","pages":"Article 102976"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145461161","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Erratum to “1178 ECO-ROADS: Enhancing COPD Outcomes-RPM, Pulse Oximetry, And Direct Billable Clinical Services” [JAPH 65/5 (2025) 102654] 对“1178 ECO-ROADS：改善COPD结果- rpm，脉搏血氧仪和直接计费临床服务”的勘误表[JAPH 65/5 (2025) 102654]

IF 2.5 4区医学 Q3 PHARMACOLOGY & PHARMACY

Journal of the American Pharmacists Association

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.japh.2025.102985

引用次数: 0

Implementation of statewide protocols for community-based pharmacist services in Virginia: A qualitative study using the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research 弗吉尼亚州社区药剂师服务的全州协议的实施：一项使用实施研究统一框架的定性研究。

IF 2.5 4区医学 Q3 PHARMACOLOGY & PHARMACY

Journal of the American Pharmacists Association

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.japh.2025.102963

Rana Amayreh, Sadia Shah, Jean-Venable (Kelly) Goode, Maria Thomson, Vasco M. Pontinha, Tana N. Kaefer, Teresa M. Salgado

Background

Despite the 2020 legislation authorizing Virginia pharmacists to provide clinical services under statewide protocols, utilization remains low at 24%. Understanding implementation barriers and facilitators is crucial for expanding health care access through pharmacy services.

Objective

To identify contextual factors affecting the implementation of statewide protocols for pharmacist-provided clinical services in Virginia community-based pharmacies.

Methods

Semistructured interviews were conducted with 16 community-based pharmacists between November 2024 and May 2025. The Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR) 2.0 guided interview development and analysis. Interviews were transcribed verbatim and analyzed using inductive coding followed by deductive mapping to CFIR constructs.

Results

Statewide protocol implementation was facilitated by clear relative advantage in improving patient access and strong alignment with pharmacists' professional mission. Key barriers included resource limitations, complexity, and structural characteristics namely physical space and workflow integration. Independent pharmacists reported greater implementation autonomy compared to chain pharmacists. Rural pharmacists faced unique challenges but emerged as innovators when protocols addressed critical health care access gaps.

Conclusions

Statewide protocols show promise for expanding health care access but require targeted interventions addressing resource constraints, workflow integration, and implementation support. Tailored implementation strategies are needed for independent and chain community-based pharmacies to expand adoption.

背景：尽管2020年立法授权弗吉尼亚州药剂师根据全州协议提供临床服务，但使用率仍然很低，为24%。了解实施障碍和促进因素对于通过药房服务扩大医疗保健可及性至关重要。目的：确定影响弗吉尼亚州社区药房药剂师提供临床服务的全州协议实施的环境因素。方法：于2024年11月至2025年5月对16名社区药师进行半结构化访谈。实施研究综合框架（CFIR） 2.0指导了访谈的开发和分析。访谈被逐字记录下来，并使用归纳编码进行分析，然后演绎映射到CFIR结构。结果：在改善患者可及性方面具有明显的相对优势，并且与药剂师的专业使命高度一致，促进了全州协议的实施。主要障碍包括资源限制、复杂性和结构特征，即物理空间和工作流集成。与连锁药剂师相比，独立药剂师报告了更大的实施自主权。农村药剂师面临着独特的挑战，但当协议解决了关键的医疗保健获取差距时，他们成为了创新者。结论：全州协议显示了扩大医疗保健访问的希望，但需要有针对性的干预措施来解决资源限制、工作流集成和实施支持。独立和连锁社区药店需要有针对性的实施战略，以扩大采用。

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引用次数: 0

ADVANCE-ing patient care: Implementation of the academic detailing program Illinois ADVANCE 先进的病人护理：实施学术详细计划伊利诺伊ADVANCE。

IF 2.5 4区医学 Q3 PHARMACOLOGY & PHARMACY

Journal of the American Pharmacists Association

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.japh.2025.102904

Nerissa Caballes, Costadina Aneziris, Steve Hiemenz, Chirag S. Rathod, Brianna McQuade Hudak

Background

Academic detailing (AD) is a unique educational resource that provides evidence-based decision-making tools for health care clinicians and is commonly done by pharmacists. Implementation of an AD program requires intentional planning, evaluation, and adaptation.

Objectives

This brief report aimed to describe the creation of a pharmacist-led AD program, Illinois ADVANCE (Academic Detailing Visits and New Evidence Center, or ILA), and lessons learned from the process, framed through the 4 phases of the quality implementation framework (QIF), to inform future AD program development.

Methods

ILA program implementation is described using the 4 phases of QIF: initial considerations regarding the host setting, creating a structure for implementation, ongoing structure once implementation begins, and improving future applications.

Results

The clinical pharmacists of ILA had expertise in providing AD and clinician outreach, making it an ideal fit for an AD program. Additional staff were hired, and all were trained on AD knowledge and skills. An initial structure was created based on best practices in the AD space. Through staff experience and feedback, the structure was adapted and future applications improved with the development of teams and the clarity of roles.

Conclusion

This brief report describes the implementation and adaptation of a pharmacist-led AD program, ILA, through the QIF framework. ILA’s current structure resulted from several sources of feedback, primarily from staff input and experiences. Ultimately, this work serves as a guide for future AD program implementation.

背景：学术细节（AD）是一种独特的教育资源，为卫生保健临床医生提供循证决策工具，通常由药剂师完成。AD项目的实施需要有计划的规划、评估和适应。目的：这份简短的报告旨在描述药剂师领导的AD项目伊利诺伊州ADVANCE（学术详细访问和新证据中心，或ILA）的创建，以及从该过程中吸取的经验教训，通过质量实施框架（QIF）的四个阶段，为未来的AD项目发展提供信息。方法：使用QIF的4个阶段来描述ILA计划的实施：关于主机设置的初始考虑，创建实施结构，实施开始后的持续结构，以及改进未来的应用程序。结果：ILA的临床药师在提供AD和临床医生外展方面具有专业知识，使其成为AD项目的理想选择。我们还雇佣了额外的员工，所有人都接受了广告知识和技能的培训。根据AD领域的最佳实践创建了初始结构。通过员工的经验和反馈，调整了结构，并随着团队的发展和角色的明确，改进了未来的应用程序。结论：本简短报告描述了通过QIF框架实施和调整药剂师主导的AD项目ILA。国际劳工组织目前的结构源于几个反馈来源，主要是工作人员的投入和经验。最终，这项工作为未来AD程序的实施提供了指导。

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引用次数: 0

Mapping the U.S. literature on pharmacists prescribing to initiate medications: A scoping review of terminology, responsibilities, and alignment with international models 绘制美国关于药剂师开处方启动药物的文献：术语、责任和与国际模式的一致性的范围审查。

IF 2.5 4区医学 Q3 PHARMACOLOGY & PHARMACY

Journal of the American Pharmacists Association

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.japh.2025.102952

Surur Ahmed, Janice Kung, Vincent Chiang, Arjun Poudel, Damilola Olufemi-Yusuf, Chowdhury Farhana Faruquee, Mark Makowsky, Lisa Nissen, Lisa Guirguis

Background

Pharmacists play a greater role in patient-centred care, particularly in prescribing to initiate medications. In the United States, pharmacist prescribing evolved to meet healthcare challenges, although states vary in prescribing models, pharmacists' responsibilities, and terminology.

A literature review is necessary to capture and compare pharmacist practices in prescribing to initiate medications across the United States.

Objectives

This review aims to 1) characterize US prescribing terminology and pharmacists' responsibilities when initiating medication under various U.S. prescribing models, and 2) map the U.S. literature on pharmacists' initiating medication to the international context.

Methods

The study employed Arksey and O'Malley's scoping review framework and adhered to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses for Scoping Reviews. Ovid MEDLINE, Ovid Embase, and CINAHL were searched from 2000 to 2024. Eligible studies were included if they examined pharmacists initiating medication across diverse practice settings and prescribing models. Two independent reviewers conducted screening and data charting. The terminology and pharmacists' responsibilities when initiating medication (i.e., recognizing symptoms/diagnosis, selecting, supplying, and monitoring medications) under U.S. prescribing models were examined and categorized using international pharmacist prescribing models.

Results

Out of 92 studies, terminology describing pharmacist-initiated medication models varies widely, from formal legislative language to informal and broadly used descriptions. Most studies (n = 58) reported 3 of 4 pharmacist responsibilities, with diagnosing symptoms (n = 85) and selecting medication (n = 88) the most commonly reported. When using the international pharmacist prescribing models, prescribing by protocol (n = 77) was dominant, followed by independent prescribing in the Veterans Health Administration (n = 9) and formulary prescribing in Idaho state (n = 2).

Conclusion

This review has uniquely mapped the U.S. literature on pharmacists initiating medication to the international context, highlighting variation in prescribing terminology and responsibilities. The findings underscore the need for a standardized reporting guide with clear terminology and definitions of pharmacist prescribing responsibilities to facilitate meaningful international comparisons.

背景：药剂师在以患者为中心的护理中发挥着更大的作用，特别是在开处方开始用药方面。在美国，尽管各州在开处方模式、药剂师的职责和术语方面有所不同，但药剂师开处方的发展是为了应对医疗保健方面的挑战。文献综述是必要的，以捕获和比较药剂师的做法，在处方启动药物在美国。目的：本综述旨在：1)描述美国不同处方模式下的处方术语和药剂师在开药时的责任；2)将美国关于药剂师开药的文献与国际背景进行对比。方法：本研究采用Arksey和O'Malley的范围评价框架，并遵循PRISMA-ScR指南。检索了2000年至2024年的Ovid MEDLINE、Ovid Embase和CINAHL。如果他们检查药剂师在不同的实践环境和处方模式下开始用药，则纳入符合条件的研究。两名独立审稿人进行了筛选和数据制图。在美国处方模式下，术语和药剂师在开始用药时的责任（即识别症状/诊断、选择、供应和监测药物）被检查并使用国际药剂师处方模型进行分类。结果：在92项研究中，描述药剂师发起的药物模型的术语差异很大，从正式的立法语言到非正式的和广泛使用的描述。大多数研究（n = 58）报告了四项药剂师职责中的三项，其中诊断症状（n = 85）和选择药物（n = 88）是最常见的。使用国际药师处方模型时，以方案处方为主（n = 77），其次是退伍军人健康管理局的独立处方（n = 9）和爱达荷州的处方处方（n = 2）。结论：本综述独特地将美国关于药剂师开始用药的文献映射到国际背景下，突出了处方术语和责任的变化。研究结果强调需要一个标准化的报告指南，其中包括明确的术语和药剂师开处方责任的定义，以促进有意义的国际比较。

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引用次数: 0

Erratum to “The public health impact of the Rx-to-OTC switch of triptan in Germany: Systematic review and framework analysis” [JAPH 65/5 (2025) 102489] 《曲坦类药物在德国从处方药转向otc的公共卫生影响：系统回顾和框架分析》[JAPH 65/5(2025) 102489]的勘误。

IF 2.5 4区医学 Q3 PHARMACOLOGY & PHARMACY

Journal of the American Pharmacists Association

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.japh.2025.102923

引用次数: 0