Journal of the American Pharmacists Association最新文献

{"title":"Opioids prescribed by pharmacist under the Health Canada’s Controlled Drugs and Substances Act temporary exemption","authors":"Edward Chisholm,&nbsp;Ying Zhang,&nbsp;Mark Asbridge,&nbsp;Chiranjeev Sanyal","doi":"10.1016/j.japh.2025.102483","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.japh.2025.102483","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>During the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, Health Canada issued a temporary exemption for the Controlled Drugs and Substances Act (CDSA). Very little is known about pharmacists prescribing opioids under the CDSA temporary exemption.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>This study aimed to evaluate the impact of CDSA subsection 56(1) temporary exemption on prescribing of opioids by direct patient care pharmacists during COVID-19 between February 1, 2018, and April 30, 2022.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Descriptive statistics (sample mean, sample SD, sample proportion) and data visualization tools were used to explore the possible changes owing to CDSA. In the first stage, a linear regression model was fit to the data to detect the changes. Second, the time dependence of the data was checked by examining the autocorrelation plots and testing the dependence of the residuals, and then a suitable time series process was used.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The mean overall pharmacist-prescribed opioid weekly claims increased from 0.0 (per-CDSA policy period) to 57.0 (post-CDSA policy period). The time series regression for the mean-level change for the overall prescription data was 36.29 (95% CI 27.14–48.52, <em>P</em> &lt; 0.0001). The time series regression for the mean-level change for the analgesic prescription data and the opioid use disorder prescription data was 28.95 (95% CI 20.88–40.13, <em>P</em> &lt; 0.0001) and 6.74 (95% CI 5.80–7.82, <em>P</em> &lt; 0.0001).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The temporary exemption under the CDSA during the COVID-19 pandemic allowed pharmacists in Nova Scotia to prescribe opioids, ensuring continuity of opioid therapy for adults. Future studies are needed to investigate the reasons behind the low uptake of CDSA exemptions by pharmacists involved in direct patient care.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50015,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Pharmacists Association","volume":"66 1","pages":"Article 102483"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144700951","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Key informant perspectives on facilitators for pharmacist payment of medication therapy management services","authors":"Amy Hu,&nbsp;Kathleen J. Pincus,&nbsp;Catherine E. Cooke,&nbsp;Eposi Elonge,&nbsp;Sierra Larson,&nbsp;Nicole Brandt","doi":"10.1016/j.japh.2025.102957","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.japh.2025.102957","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Opportunities for pharmacist payment of medication therapy management (MTM) services vary significantly by state and payer. While previous research has identified barriers and facilitators with setting up pharmacist MTM services, adoption of payment remains low.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>The primary objective of this qualitative key informant (KI) study was to identify themes for successful payment of pharmacist MTM services.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>KIs who were obtaining or pursuing compensation for pharmacist MTM services were recruited via a Qualtrics survey to evaluate their eligibility for the study. If eligible, semistructured interviews were conducted via Zoom from November 2024 to March 2025. Interview transcripts were coded for thematic analysis, and themes were mapped to the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research domains.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Code saturation was reached with 15 interviews. All KIs were pharmacists, with 53% in leadership roles and MTM billing duration ranging from 3 months to 19 years. Payment modalities included MTM codes, incident-to, other Evaluation and Management and care management codes, grants, cash pay, and fee-for-service contracts. Eighteen themes were identified in individual, process, inner setting, and outer setting domains. Six key actionable steps for pharmacists interested in pursuing billing included the use of external individuals or community partnerships to navigate billing issues, use of pilot testing to generate outcomes, use of integrated billing and documentation systems to increase operational efficiency, use of support staff to increase financial sustainability, establishment of a workflow to address payment issues, and creation of a tracking system to support ongoing billing.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>While current pharmacist MTM payment modalities do not entirely compensate for pharmacist costs, pharmacists are successfully obtaining payment for their services. Future advocacy efforts need to focus on establishing consistent billing requirements and increasing payment for service sustainability, as well as educating pharmacists and billing professionals on billing opportunities.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50015,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Pharmacists Association","volume":"66 1","pages":"Article 102957"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145403731","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Perceptions and practices of long-acting injectable antipsychotic administration in community pharmacies within Washington State: A qualitative implementation science study","authors":"Clayton English,&nbsp;Christian Helfrich,&nbsp;Jennifer L. Bacci,&nbsp;Julia Fox,&nbsp;Ashley C. Mog","doi":"10.1016/j.japh.2025.102974","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.japh.2025.102974","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Use of long-acting injectable antipsychotics (LAIAs) for schizophrenia are associated with improved medication adherence and reduce relapse and hospitalizations compared to oral antipsychotics; however, despite these advantages LAIAs remain underutilized. Community pharmacies could improve access and reduce logistical barriers to LAIA administration; however, relatively few deliver this service, and we do not yet fully understand why.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To assess the contextual fit of administering LAIAs in community pharmacies, identify determinants influencing implementation, and inform implementation strategies to optimize and increase LAIA delivery across Washington State.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Key informant interviews were conducted with community pharmacy staff in Washington State using a hybrid deductive–inductive qualitative approach to explore determinants and compatibility of LAIA administration. Interviews were conducted using a semi-structured guide informed by Proctor's Implementation Outcomes Framework. Using rapid analysis, transcripts were summarized in a structured matrix and coded into a priori domains. Barriers and facilitators were inductively categorized and then deductively-mapped to the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research domains; recommendations were identified to inform future implementation strategies.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Ten interviews were conducted with 9 community pharmacists and one pharmacy technician. Current practices varied across participants administering LAIAs in community pharmacies. Reimbursement and payment for LAIA administration emerged as the top barrier. Appointment-based models were seen as facilitators by improving predictability for staffing and medication inventory. Participants recommended streamlining reimbursement and turnkey toolkits for training, care coordination, and communication between prescribers.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>For community pharmacies within Washington State, payment models and reimbursement present a critical barrier to LAIA administration. Optimizing billing processes, improving funding and contracting mechanisms, and engaging payers may expand LAIA services. These represent both outer-setting and inner-setting factors, meaning that optimizing LAIA administration in community pharmacies will require system-level, multistakeholder involvement and research.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50015,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Pharmacists Association","volume":"66 1","pages":"Article 102974"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145454525","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Interprofessional medication review in the outpatient setting: A mixed-method contextual analysis","authors":"Linnéa S. Wälti,&nbsp;Chiara Jeiziner,&nbsp;Lea Broggini,&nbsp;Stefan Maydl,&nbsp;Dominique Kim,&nbsp;Fabienne Boeni,&nbsp;Samuel S. Allemann","doi":"10.1016/j.japh.2025.102984","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.japh.2025.102984","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Medication review (MR) reduces drug-related problems and improves medication safety. Community pharmacists are trained to deliver MRs, but implementation in outpatient settings remains low.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>This contextual analysis aimed to develop an Implementation Research Logic Model with strategies for the implementation of an interprofessional MR service in the outpatient setting. Feasibility and acceptability of the service for primary care patients were pilot tested.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A mixed-methods study design combining qualitative and quantitative data was used. The Basel Approach for coNtextual ANAlysis framework guided the contextual analysis, which included a scoping review, pilot study, qualitative interviews, and stakeholder involvement. For the pilot study, a convenience sample of co-working general practitioner (GP) practices and community pharmacies was recruited and instructed to deliver the new MR service. Screening questionnaires and process indicators were analyzed descriptively. Semistructured interviews were performed with GPs, medical practice assistants, community pharmacists, and patients and analyzed for feasibility and acceptability of the service.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>One hundred seventy-two patients from 3 GP practices completed the screening for increased risk of drug-related problems, and 23 were referred to the community pharmacy. MRs took 94 ± 61 minutes and led to 2.95 ± 1.54 suggestions to optimize medication therapy. The interviewed health care professionals were satisfied with the instruction workshop and valued the idea of the service; however, the process was criticized for several reasons: lack of time, more work in primary health care, and difficulties in involving the whole team.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>This contextual analysis of an interprofessional MR service to improve patients' medication safety was highly accepted by health care professionals and patients. Integration into daily routine should be further improved to increase feasibility. These results will be used to widely and sustainably implement interprofessional MR in Swiss primary care.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50015,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Pharmacists Association","volume":"66 1","pages":"Article 102984"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145461106","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identifying barriers and facilitators to providing enhanced naloxone education services in community pharmacies","authors":"Danielle Kieck,&nbsp;Nicole Middleton,&nbsp;Elizabeth Cherinka,&nbsp;Nikki Polivka,&nbsp;Carly Eidle,&nbsp;Nicole Pezzino","doi":"10.1016/j.japh.2025.102982","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.japh.2025.102982","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Opioid misuse remains a critical public health issue in the United States, with approximately 80,000 opioid-related deaths reported in 2023. Community pharmacists are well-positioned to improve access to and education about naloxone. Despite the availability of naloxone through standing orders and over-the-counter options, barriers such as stigma, cost, and workflow limitations persist.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>This study aimed to identify barriers and facilitators to implementing and billing for reimbursable naloxone education services via a payer contract in community pharmacies.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This implementation science study utilized a qualitative approach. Pennsylvania Pharmacists Care Network eCare plan submissions were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Pharmacies were included in a semi-structured interview if they submitted an eCare plan for the naloxone education service since January 2023. An interview guide was developed based on the RE-AIM framework, which evaluates service implementation across five domains: Reach, Effectiveness, Adoption, Implementation, and Maintenance. Interviews were recorded and transcribed via Zoom, then independently coded by 3 investigators in NVivo. A mixed deductive-inductive thematic analysis was conducted to identify barriers, facilitators, and sustainability themes related to program implementation.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Forty pharmacies submitted 653 eCare plans for the naloxone and education dispensing payer program for reimbursement. Twelve participated in semi-structured interviews, which represented 232 of the submitted eCare plans. Six themes emerged from the interviews, including building relationships with community members; expanding staff roles and empowering team collaboration in patient care to support and initiate patient services; consistent processes for identifying, educating, and billing; reducing stigma and increasing naloxone distribution through open communication and community engagement; common barriers to implementing naloxone education services; and the need for enhanced education and training resources to improve service efficiency.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Naloxone education by community pharmacists is important in preventing opioid-related adverse events. Providing pharmacists with educational resources and training may enhance their ability to effectively educate patients about naloxone.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50015,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Pharmacists Association","volume":"66 1","pages":"Article 102982"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145461119","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cover","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/S1544-3191(26)00005-1","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S1544-3191(26)00005-1","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50015,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Pharmacists Association","volume":"66 1","pages":"Article 103021"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146187487","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Telehealth-enabled pill swallowing training for a pediatric patient living with HIV: A multidisciplinary approach","authors":"Timothy J. Howze,&nbsp;Susan D. Carr,&nbsp;Megan L. Wilkins,&nbsp;Tiffany M. Nason,&nbsp;Nehali D. Patel","doi":"10.1016/j.japh.2025.103006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.japh.2025.103006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>This case report aims to describe the implementation of a telehealth-based, multidisciplinary intervention designed to support pill swallowing in a pediatric patient with HIV preparing to transition from liquid to tablet-based antiretroviral therapy (ART). The objective was to overcome geographic and access-related barriers to in-person behavioral training by leveraging virtual care, interdisciplinary collaboration, and the use of compounded placebo tablets. This approach sought to demonstrate how specialty pharmacists and behavioral health professionals can work together to ensure medication readiness, promote adherence, and facilitate safe transitions to more sustainable ART regimens in pediatric patients—particularly those in rural or underserved settings.</div></div><div><h3>Case summary</h3><div>A pediatric patient with vertically acquired HIV who was residing in a rural community was preparing to transition from liquid ART to a fixed-dose combination tablet. Transportation barriers rendered in-person training infeasible. The care team, comprising a specialty pharmacist, clinical psychologist, and compounding pharmacy staff, designed a remote intervention. Placebo tablets matching the target medication were mailed to the patient's home. A telehealth session was conducted by using the Epic electronic medical record platform, and real-time, behavioral coaching and pharmacist-led guidance were provided. The patient successfully swallowed 2 placebo tablets during the telehealth session, indicating readiness for the transition. At the next clinic visit, the patient initiated the new fixed-dose combination ART without complications. Follow-up confirmed continued adherence to pill formulation and no reported adverse effects.</div></div><div><h3>Practice implications</h3><div>This case highlights the value of telehealth in overcoming pill swallowing training barriers in pediatric HIV care. Interdisciplinary collaboration, particularly involving specialty pharmacists and behavioral health providers, can provide equitable, patient-centered solutions for families in underserved areas. The use of compounded placebo tablets in virtual training represents a practical and scalable strategy to support medication transitions in pediatric populations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50015,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Pharmacists Association","volume":"66 1","pages":"Article 103006"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145746494","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of recruitment methods and promotional strategies for sexual health services and research","authors":"Pilar Robinson Gonzalez,&nbsp;Emily Black,&nbsp;Shanna Trenaman,&nbsp;Kyle John Wilby","doi":"10.1016/j.japh.2025.102949","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.japh.2025.102949","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Recruitment of diverse participant cohorts has been a long-standing challenge in clinical and health care system research. Diversity is necessary to gain representation of underserved demographics and further our understanding of how to address health inequities and systemic barriers.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>Identify facilitators and barriers to access and uptake of pharmacist-led sexually transmitted infection (STI) health care services, evaluate recruitment strategies and identify facilitators and barriers associated with recruitment/promotional strategies, and determine strategies to improve reach of promotion and recruitment strategies to underserved communities to improve equity in pharmacy-based STI services.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This was a qualitative evaluation case study using in-depth semi structured interviews with pharmacists engaged in pharmacy practice research and community advocacy representatives. Interviews were inductively coded and underwent thematic analysis.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Five themes were identified which encompass facilitators and barriers to uptake of pharmacy-based sexual health services by underrepresented communities: convenience, misunderstandings, historical harm and past experiences, current forms of systemic oppression, perceptions and fears. Four themes were identified which encompass facilitators and barriers for the effectiveness of recruitment strategies employed by pharmacy practice research: type of recruitment strategy, service type and its perceived benefits/relevance, awareness of service options, difficulties requesting a service. Four themes were identified encompassing strategies for increasing reach of underserved communities in future to improve equity in pharmacy-based STI services: multipronged approaches, accessible promotional material and recruitment strategies, collaboration, dismantling of systemic oppression.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>This study highlighted strategies to improve the reach of pharmacist provided STI services and recruit diverse participants to health research and promote the uptake of pharmacist provided STI services by underserved groups in future.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50015,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Pharmacists Association","volume":"66 1","pages":"Article 102949"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145357575","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Scaling the primary care pharmacist: Evaluating the long-term impact of a pharmacist primary care certificate training program","authors":"Kelsey D. Frederick,&nbsp;John Troy,&nbsp;Kenneth C. Hohmeier,&nbsp;James Wheeler","doi":"10.1016/j.japh.2025.102948","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.japh.2025.102948","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>In 2021, a Pharmacist Primary Care Certificate Training Program was launched at the University of Tennessee Health Science Center College of Pharmacy. Over the first 3 years and 6 cohorts, 44 pharmacists completed the program. At program completion, short-term data showed that 97.73% of learners either partially or fully achieved self-identified SMART goals; however, practice change and long-term impact was unknown.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To assess the long-term impact of the Pharmacist Primary Care Certificate Training Program.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This mixed methods study applied the Reach, Effectiveness, Adoption, Implementation, and Maintenance framework to assess the program's Maintenance domain, including pharmacist-reported job satisfaction and marketability, primary care knowledge and skills, practice change, patient outcomes, and goal achievement. Data were collected via web-based survey and semistructured interviews. All pharmacists who completed the program (n = 44) were invited to participate, ranging from 3 months to 2 years postprogram completion. Survey data was analyzed via descriptive statistics. Interviews were analyzed using inductive thematic analysis.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Nineteen pharmacists participated in the survey. Participants reported improved primary care knowledge, skills, confidence, and job marketability, and positive impact on patient outcomes and practice change. Key factors influencing long-term impact and sustainability of the program included time, organizational resources and support, billing and reimbursement of services, and physician buy-in for collaborative practice. Ten pharmacists participated in interviews between May and June 2024. Five themes were identified: Internal Facilitators and Barriers, External Facilitators and Barriers, Impact on Pharmacists Professional Advancement, Impact of Pharmacy Practice and Patient Outcomes, and Certificate Program Components that Influence Impact.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The Pharmacist Primary Care Certificate Training Program equipped pharmacists with the perceived skills, network, and confidence necessary to practice in outpatient primary care and be more competitive in the job market. However, there are specific barriers that influence long-term program impact, suggesting opportunities for practice transformation and further research.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50015,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Pharmacists Association","volume":"66 1","pages":"Article 102948"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145357587","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Barriers and facilitators to implementing pharmacist-driven mobile health clinics: Identification of implementation strategies using the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research-Expert Recommendations for Implementing Change (CFIR-ERIC) matching tool","authors":"Sarah Schweitzer,&nbsp;Alex W. Middendorf,&nbsp;Deidra Van Gilder,&nbsp;James W. Amell,&nbsp;Erin E. Miller","doi":"10.1016/j.japh.2025.102960","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.japh.2025.102960","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Pharmacist-driven mobile health clinics (MHCs) offer an innovative solution to increasing health care access, yet limited information exists on barriers, facilitators, and strategies for their successful implementation.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>To use implementation science methodology to identify strategies for implementing pharmacist-driven mobile-health clinics using the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR), Expert Recommendations for Implementing Change (ERIC) taxonomy, and CFIR-ERIC strategy matching tool.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A secondary analysis was conducted on semi-structured interviews involving 16 participants from 10 pharmacist-driven MHCs. A mixed deductive strategy was applied where barrier and facilitator codes were inductively tagged, extracted, and mapped to CFIR constructs. Identified barriers mapped to CFIR constructs were matched into the CFIR-ERIC Strategy Matching Tool, which was based on expert consensus. Facilitators were mapped directly to ERIC strategies. A team consensus discussion was held to prioritize, select, and rank strategies to integrate into a pharmacist-driven MHC model.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The top 5 CFIR-ERIC matched strategies to address barriers were: 1) identify and prepare champions; 2) assess readiness and identify barriers and facilitators; 3) promote adaptability; 4) capture and share local knowledge; and 5) conduct local consensus discussions. The top 5 directly mapped ERIC strategies for facilitators included: 1) tailor strategies; 2) assess readiness and identify barriers and facilitators; 3) identify and prepare champions; 4) promote network weaving; and 5) work with educational institutions. After consensus discussion, 11 strategies were selected for our model incorporation and ranked based on team prioritization.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Implementation science methodology provides a systematic approach to mitigate barriers, leverage facilitators, and select evidence-based strategies to enhance the implementation of pharmacist-driven MHCs. The findings of this project will be integrated into a pharmacist-driven MHC model to improve access to care and management of chronic disease in rural South Dakota.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50015,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Pharmacists Association","volume":"66 1","pages":"Article 102960"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145423810","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}