Journal of the American Pharmacists Association最新文献

{"title":"Pharmacists’ mental health support behaviours with simulated patients: a mixed-methods pilot study","authors":"Tina X. Ung,&nbsp;Sarira El-Den,&nbsp;Rebekah J. Moles,&nbsp;Jack C. Collins,&nbsp;Kevin Ou,&nbsp;Jenny Chen,&nbsp;Claire L. O’Reilly","doi":"10.1016/j.japh.2024.102263","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.japh.2024.102263","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Simulated mental health role-plays provide a safe and relevant learning experience for pharmacy students, improving confidence in and attitudes toward providing mental health support. Little research explores the use of mental health role-plays, enacted by trained actors, with pharmacists.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>This study aimed to pilot the adaptation of simulated patient (SP) role-plays, from the university classroom with students, to a workshop with pharmacists, and explore pharmacists’ experiences.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Pharmacists attended a two-hour workshop. Trained actors enacted simulated scenarios (previously developed for pharmacy education) with pharmacist volunteers while being observed by peers, a workshop facilitator, and mental health consumer educator (MHCE). Pharmacists engaged in self-assessment immediately post-roleplay, followed by performance feedback and debrief discussions with MHCEs, workshop facilitators, and peers. Pharmacists completed pre- and post-workshop surveys exploring intended mental health support behaviours, then invited to participate in an interview exploring their workshop experiences and opinions about using mental health role-plays in clinical practice (via mystery shopping). Non-parametric tests were conducted to analyse role-play and survey scores, and thematic analyses were undertaken on interview transcripts.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Thirty-five pharmacists attended the workshop. Fourteen role-plays were analysed. Pharmacist self-assessment scores were significantly lower than MHCE scores (<em>P</em> = 0.028). Overall, the role-plays significantly increased pharmacists’ intentions in supporting a person experiencing mental health crises such as suicide and psychosis, as well as encouraging other supports (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). Four themes emerged from interviews (n = 4): realistic context for skills application and practice, benefits of observing, self-assessment and feedback, and integrating into clinical practice (via mystery shopping).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>SP role-plays of mental health symptoms and crises, enacted by trained actors, may effectively assess and enhance pharmacists’ intended mental health support behaviours. It is recommended that the SP method is adapted into clinical practice, via repeated mystery shopping visits with immediate performance feedback, to shape pharmacists’ mental health support behaviours.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50015,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Pharmacists Association","volume":"65 1","pages":"Article 102263"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142479218","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Single-center retrospective review of standard versus minimal monitoring for hepatitis C direct-acting antiviral therapy","authors":"Anita Yang,&nbsp;Neel Swamy,&nbsp;Jane Giang","doi":"10.1016/j.japh.2024.102265","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.japh.2024.102265","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Highly effective direct-acting antiviral (DAA) therapies have transformed the landscape of hepatitis C virus (HCV) treatment. However, there continues to be limited data regarding the efficacy and safety of required in-person clinic visits (standard monitoring) versus completely telehealth clinic visits (minimal monitoring) during HCV therapy, which could delay practice adoption.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>This study aimed to assess the rates of undetectable HCV ribonucleic acid (RNA) in sustained viral load 12 weeks after therapy (SVR12) in standard versus minimal monitoring approaches during DAA.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A 12-month, single-center retrospective cohort study was conducted in treatment-naïve HCV-infected adults who received DAA therapy between May 1, 2020, and April 30, 2021. The standard monitoring group had ≥1 in-person clinic visit with HCV RNA laboratory monitoring during DAA treatment. The minimal monitoring group had entirely telehealth visits without HCV RNA laboratory monitoring during treatment. Both groups received telephonic touchpoints throughout DAA treatment from a clinical pharmacist practitioner and a nurse care coordinator. The primary outcome was SVR12.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>From May 2020 to April 2021, 133 patients with HCV met inclusion criteria and were treated with DAA (standard, n = 56; minimal, n = 77), with no differences in baseline demographics. Overall, total encounters during DAA treatment remained statistically significant in the standard than minimal monitoring group (standard, 2.1 ± 0.8, vs. minimal, 1.7 ± 0.9; <em>P</em> &lt; .01). Although minimal monitoring had higher loss to follow-up rates (standard, 7.1%, vs. minimal, 18.2%; <em>P</em> = 0.06), the modified intention-to-treat analysis showed no differences in sustained virologic response (SVR) between standard and minimal monitoring approaches (standard, 98.1%, n = 51, vs. minimal, 95.3%, n = 60; <em>P</em> = 0.41).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>This single-center retrospective cohort study demonstrated that minimal monitoring during HCV treatment was as effective in achieving SVR cure rates as standard monitoring. Eliminating required in-person clinic visits during DAA therapy alongside a collaborative approach may play a major role in overcoming barriers to HCV care in select patients.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50015,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Pharmacists Association","volume":"65 1","pages":"Article 102265"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142479219","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Complexity of patient encounters within a clinically integrated community pharmacy network Medicaid payer program","authors":"Joni C. Carroll,&nbsp;Katie Doong ,&nbsp;Sneha Mitra ,&nbsp;Melissa Somma McGivney,&nbsp;Stephanie Harriman McGrath,&nbsp;Kim C. Coley","doi":"10.1016/j.japh.2024.102264","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.japh.2024.102264","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Community pharmacists frequently care for patients with complex medical and social needs; however, specific evidence on pharmacist perceptions of what makes a patient encounter complex has not been clearly characterized. There is a need to better understand specific factors that contribute to patient encounter complexity and demonstrate how pharmacists in community settings care for these individuals.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>The objectives of this programmatic case study were to: (1) elucidate factors that contributed to patient encounter complexity as a part of a Medicaid Managed Care Organization comprehensive medication management payer program in community pharmacies and (2) curate a series of patient case vignettes that provide evidence of pharmacists care for patients with complex medical and social needs within community pharmacies.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This qualitative programmatic case study utilized data from semi-structured interviews with community pharmacists who provided comprehensive medication management services to Medicaid patients in Pennsylvania. Pharmacists described their most complex patient encounter. Interviews were transcribed and independently coded by 2 investigators. The coded texts were grouped into categories, and a cross-case inductive thematic analysis was performed to identify complexity factors.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Thirty pharmacists provided 48 patient case vignettes and 3 complexity factors emerged: (1) care coordination; (2) behavioral health support; and (3) social determinants of health. Representative patient case vignettes were selected to illustrate these factors.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Pharmacists, who participated in a community pharmacy Medicaid Managed Care Organization payer program, provided care to patients with complex health needs. In addition to medication-related problems, specific factors that increased pharmacist perception of encounter complexity were care coordination with other health care providers, behavioral health support, and addressing social determinants of health.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50015,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Pharmacists Association","volume":"65 1","pages":"Article 102264"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142479306","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A positive change in student positivity about pharmacy","authors":"David Nau PhD,&nbsp;Karen L. Kier,&nbsp;Diego C. Avello","doi":"10.1016/j.japh.2024.102261","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.japh.2024.102261","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50015,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Pharmacists Association","volume":"65 1","pages":"Article 102261"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142401786","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Predisposing, enabling, and need factors influencing health-related quality of life among people with metabolic syndrome","authors":"Olajide A. Adekunle,&nbsp;Yun S. Wang,&nbsp;Ismaeel Yunusa,&nbsp;Marc L. Fleming,&nbsp;Enrique Seoane-Vazquez,&nbsp;Lawrence M. Brown","doi":"10.1016/j.japh.2024.102255","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.japh.2024.102255","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Metabolic syndrome (MetS) continues to impact the health-related quality of life (HRQoL) of patients despite various available therapeutic interventions. There is a dearth of information on how patient-centered factors holistically predict HRQoL to provide more insights on addressing MetS.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To predict the HRQoL of patients with MetS in the Southern states, using the predisposing, enabling, and need factors.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The study adopted a cross-sectional approach in collecting 706 complete surveys on HRQoL assessment using the EQ-5D-5L survey and demographic characteristics based on the predisposing, enabling, and need factors of Andersen’s Behavioral model. The study focused on people with MetS in the southern states of the United States. Multinomial logistic regression was conducted to investigate the relationship between the number of comorbidities and each HRQoL dimension. Ordinal regression was used to explore factors predicting HRQoL. Sensitivity analysis was conducted using bootstrapping analysis to evaluate the regression’s robustness.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Over 70% were females and 30% had at least a bachelor's degree, while 47% were married. Most respondents (71.1%) had no problem with self-care. However, 20.0% had severe problems with pain, while the highest proportion (8.6%) was observed for extreme problems with anxiety or depression. A unit increase in comorbidities resulted in higher odds of having extreme problems with mobility (odds ratio [OR] = 1.95), usual activities (OR = 1.73), and pain (OR = 1.70). Only 40.8% of the respondents had good HRQoL, compared to 26.2% with poor HRQoL. Age, race, geographical area, marital status, household income, number of prescription drugs, comorbidities, and body mass index were predictors of HRQoL.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>An increase in comorbidities significantly increased the odds of having challenges with the HRQoL dimensions. Demographic, socioeconomic, and health-related factors significantly predicted HRQoL. Therefore, health care providers must consider these factors as a component of patient-centered care to address health disparities and promote optimal health outcomes among people with MetS.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50015,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Pharmacists Association","volume":"65 1","pages":"Article 102255"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142394820","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Implementing a letter template to expedite specialty medication appeal letter submission","authors":"Jessica Fann,&nbsp;Miranda Kozlicki,&nbsp;Kristen Whelchel","doi":"10.1016/j.japh.2024.102262","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.japh.2024.102262","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Prior authorizations (PAs) for biologic medications, used to treat inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), are often denied by pharmacy benefits managers and can require a complex appeal process for patients to gain access to medication.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>This quality improvement project evaluated the impact of implementing a standardized appeal letter template and customizable clinical rationale letter content on specialty pharmacist workflow and workload in an integrated hospital health system specialty pharmacy (HSSP) IBD clinic.</div></div><div><h3>Practice description</h3><div>This initiative was conducted in an IBD outpatient clinic at a tertiary academic medical center with an integrated HSSP whose specialty pharmacists work collaboratively with providers to manage specialty medications.</div></div><div><h3>Practice innovation</h3><div>A letter template was created in the electronic health record (EHR) for pharmacists to use when submitting appeal letters. The template automatically populates patient results from recent labs, imaging, and clinic visit notes as part of the appeal documentation. Clinical rationale letter content was developed for the most common appeal reasons using EHR functionality that allows the creation of standardized notes that can be shared among team members and customized at time of use.</div></div><div><h3>Evaluation method</h3><div>An analysis of 2 months of data preimplementation/postimplementation was conducted using descriptive statistics to report the number of appeals submitted, time from PA denial to appeal submission, and appeal approval rate. A pharmacist postimplementation satisfaction score was also collected.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The number of appeals submitted preimplementation (n = 73) and postimplementation (n = 73) was the same. Postimplementation, 89% of appeals were submitted within 3 days of PA denial compared to 29% preimplementation. PA approval rate was high (93%) preimplementation and postimplementation. Overall pharmacist satisfaction was 9.7 out of 10.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Implementation of an appeal letter template and standardized clinical rationale letter content in the EHR led to decreased time to appeal submission and high specialty pharmacist satisfaction.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50015,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Pharmacists Association","volume":"65 1","pages":"Article 102262"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142394819","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing student and patient perspectives on pharmacist-prescribed hormonal contraceptives","authors":"Virginia Lemay PharmD,&nbsp;Audrey Whalen PharmD,&nbsp;Lisa Cohen PharmD,&nbsp;Jeffrey Bratberg PharmD","doi":"10.1016/j.japh.2024.102259","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.japh.2024.102259","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Increasing convenient, accessible, and cost effective contraceptive access is critically important. Two-thirds of U.S. states permit pharmacists to prescribe hormonal contraceptives. Community pharmacies are ideal settings for patients to be offered contraceptive therapeutic options, including hormonal contraceptives, emergency contraception (EC), and over-the-counter (OTC) oral contraception.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>The objective of this study was to assess college student and community pharmacy patients’ perspectives on pharmacist-prescribed hormonal contraceptives, likelihood of accessing contraceptives from a pharmacist, and perspectives regarding EC and OTC oral contraception.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The researchers conducted an observational study distributed to college students and patients accessing care at community-based pharmacies from October 2022 to February 2023. The survey population included those who were 18 years or older, English speaking, and recruited both in person and online. Survey questions assessed barriers to contraception access, perspectives toward pharmacist-prescribed hormonal contraception, likelihood of receiving pharmacist-prescribed hormonal contraception, as well as EC and OTC oral contraception at the community pharmacy. Results from the pharmacist and clinician surveys were previously published, therefore this report will focus on the student and patient data.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Ninety-one percent of all respondents strongly agreed or agreed with pharmacist-prescribed hormonal contraception. Students and patients reported convenience, time-saving, and money saving as reasons for obtaining from their pharmacist. In regard to EC, 36% reported having ever purchased from a pharmacy and 58% were extremely or somewhat likely to purchase OTC oral contraception.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The majority of students and community pharmacy patients surveyed in Rhode Island support pharmacist-prescribed hormonal contraceptives. State-level policy advancements with reimbursement for services provide pharmacists an opportunity to provide contraceptive care for all people.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50015,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Pharmacists Association","volume":"65 1","pages":"Article 102259"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142378528","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Knowledge and perceptions of health literacy among pharmacists in Ohio in 2013 and 2021","authors":"Karissa Kim,&nbsp;Anne M. Metzger,&nbsp;Megan Than Win,&nbsp;Madison Luck,&nbsp;Marwan Alrasheed","doi":"10.1016/j.japh.2024.102260","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.japh.2024.102260","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>There is limited existing literature on pharmacists' knowledge of health literacy and the interventions pharmacists use to address limited health literacy.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>The primary objectives of this study were to evaluate pharmacists' knowledge and perceptions of the impact of limited health literacy on patients and their practice, and to review the techniques used to care for patients.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We conducted a cross-sectional, web-based survey of registered Ohio pharmacists in 2013 and repeated the survey in 2021. The Nursing Professional Health Literacy Survey was adapted and employed to assess 1) general knowledge; 2) health literacy in the workplace; and 3) demographics. Changes in pharmacists' knowledge and perceptions of health literacy, self-reported use of communication techniques, and methods for assessing a patient’s health literacy were evaluated.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Response rates were 12.4% (N = 62) in 2013 and 3.5% (N = 174) in 2021. Awareness of the term health literacy increased, rising from 82.3% to 89.7% (<em>P</em> = 0.127). Less than 41% of pharmacists in both cohorts had received formal health literacy training; a regression model indicated that pharmacists with more years of practice were less likely to have had such training (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). Most pharmacists admitted they never formally assess health literacy (79.0% in 2013 and 81.6% in 2021; <em>P</em> = 0.875) but reported often relying on their gut feeling to gauge a patient's health literacy (37.1% in 2013 and 41.4% in 2021; <em>P</em> = 0.658). The percentage of pharmacists who orally reviewed written instructions with patients, used layman’s terms, and had patients demonstrate instructions significantly increased (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05) between 2013 and 2021.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Gaps remain in pharmacists' knowledge and practices related to health literacy. From 2013 to 2021, there were improvements in how pharmacists communicate with patients who have limited health literacy, but no significant change in the methods used to assess health literacy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50015,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Pharmacists Association","volume":"65 1","pages":"Article 102260"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142373395","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Differences in prescribing patterns of opioid dependence drugs among patients with primary alcohol use problems and opioid use disorders within New York State by social determinant factors, 2005-2018","authors":"Chi-Hua Lu,&nbsp;Hsuan-Yun Su,&nbsp;Zackary Falls,&nbsp;David M. Jacobs,&nbsp;Qiuyi Zhang,&nbsp;Walter Gibson,&nbsp;Gail Jette,&nbsp;Debanjan Paul,&nbsp;Peter L. Elkin,&nbsp;Kenneth E. Leonard,&nbsp;Edward M. Bednarczyk","doi":"10.1016/j.japh.2024.102258","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.japh.2024.102258","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>The increase in alcohol use problems and opioid use disorder (OUD) highlights the need for research on effective medication treatments for patients with dual diagnoses.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>This study analyzed trends and social disparities in prescribing OUD medications for patients who initially had alcohol use problems and later received their first OUD diagnosis.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This study used merged data from the New York State Office of Addiction Services and Supports and the Medicaid to analyze individuals aged 18 years and older who initially had primary alcohol use problems and later had OUD for the first time between 2005 and 2018. It examined the rates of new buprenorphine and naltrexone prescriptions across various demographic and socioeconomic groups.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Among 27,029 clients, the average rate of new buprenorphine was 64.23 per 1000 clients (95% CI 61.30–67.15), with upward trends. The 18-35 age group had the highest buprenorphine utilization (111.48 per 1000 clients) and highest increase rates compared with other age groups. The white non-Hispanic group had the highest rates of buprenorphine (119.23 per 1000 clients) and showed larger increase over time compared with other race or ethnicity groups. Disabled patients showed slower increasing rates of buprenorphine than other groups. Upward trends were observed in naltrexone. All observed differences were statistically significant (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Trends showed increased use of OUD medications, with varying rates of buprenorphine utilization across different ages, races, and employment statuses. Despite this, the rates of receiving new buprenorphine remained low, suggesting a need for innovative methods to expand access to treatments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50015,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Pharmacists Association","volume":"65 1","pages":"Article 102258"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142331354","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Act for the future of community pharmacy","authors":"Jennifer L. Bacci,&nbsp;Joni C. Carroll,&nbsp;Kim C. Coley,&nbsp;Christopher Daly,&nbsp;William R. Doucette,&nbsp;Stefanie P. Ferreri,&nbsp;Sophia M.C. Herbert,&nbsp;Shelby A. Jensen,&nbsp;Melissa Somma McGivney,&nbsp;Megan Smith,&nbsp;Troy Trygstad,&nbsp;Randy McDonough","doi":"10.1016/j.japh.2024.102256","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.japh.2024.102256","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Community pharmacies serve as a vital gateway to primary care and public health, offering face-to-face pharmacist expert care to assure safe and effective medication use. However, they are disappearing at an alarming rate, with 20%-30% of all community pharmacy locations projected to close within the next year. The objective of this commentary is to highlight the critical need for systemic reforms and collective action within our profession to address the unique challenges faced by community pharmacies, ensuring their sustainability and continued role in providing essential health care services for patients. Key issues and evidence are provided to help pharmacy professionals better articulate why pharmacy closures are happening now and how we can work toward a transformed future. Pharmacy closures stem from an unsustainable business model characterized by declining reimbursement for prescription medications, opaque and anticompetitive pricing practices of pharmacy benefit managers, and limited reimbursement for clinical services. Among these challenges, our profession has the opportunity to create a future for community pharmacy where every person has local access to pharmacist expert care and medications through sustainable, integrated community pharmacy practice. Our profession must embrace community pharmacy teams’ role in patient care, champion opportunities to integrate community pharmacists and their support staff as members of the health care team, and advocate for payment transparency and transformation. Creating this future will take all pharmacists and all pharmacy professionals.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50015,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Pharmacists Association","volume":"65 1","pages":"Article 102256"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142331351","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}