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Validation of a structural model of an aircraft cockpit panel: An industrial case study 飞机座舱面板结构模型的验证:工业案例研究
IF 1.6 4区 工程技术 Q2 Mathematics Pub Date : 2021-11-19 DOI: 10.1177/03093247211059084
E. Patterson, I. Diamantakos, K. Dvurecenska, R. Greene, E. Hack, G. Lampeas, Marek Lomnitz, T. Siebert
Computational models of structures are widely used to inform decisions about design, maintenance and operational life of engineering infrastructure, including airplanes. Confidence in the predictions from models is provided via validation processes that assess the extent to which predictions represent the real world, where the real world is often characterised by measurements made in experiments of varying sophistication dependent on the importance of the decision that the predictions will inform. There has been steady progress in developing validation processes that compare fields of predictions and measurements in a quantitative manner using the uncertainty in measurements as a basis for assessing the importance of differences between the fields of data. In this case study, three recent advances in a validation process, which was evaluated in an inter-laboratory study 5 years ago, are implemented using a ground-test on a fuselage at the aircraft manufacturer’s site for the first time. The results show that the advances successfully address the issues raised by the inter-laboratory study, that the enhanced validation process can be implemented in an industrial environment on a complex structure, and that the model was an excellent representation of the measurements made using digital image correlation.
结构的计算模型被广泛应用于工程基础设施(包括飞机)的设计、维护和使用寿命决策。对模型预测的信心是通过验证过程来提供的,该过程评估预测在多大程度上代表了现实世界,而现实世界的特征通常是在实验中进行的不同复杂程度的测量,这取决于预测将提供的决策的重要性。在开发以定量方式比较预测领域和测量领域的验证过程方面取得了稳步进展,利用测量中的不确定性作为评估数据领域之间差异重要性的基础。在本案例研究中,验证过程中的三个最新进展(在5年前的实验室间研究中进行了评估)首次在飞机制造商现场的机身上进行了地面测试。结果表明,这些进展成功地解决了实验室间研究提出的问题,增强的验证过程可以在复杂结构的工业环境中实施,并且该模型很好地代表了使用数字图像相关进行的测量。
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引用次数: 3
On mesoscale strain fluctuations in tensile tests on additively manufactured 17-4PH stainless steel 增材制造17-4PH不锈钢拉伸试验中尺度应变波动研究
IF 1.6 4区 工程技术 Q2 Mathematics Pub Date : 2021-11-18 DOI: 10.1177/03093247211060217
M. Bouaziz, Joseph Marae Djouda, F. Hild
Additively manufactured materials usually exhibit mesoscale heterogeneities. Mesoscale fluctuations of strain fields in notched samples made of 17-4PH Stainless steel and loaded in tension are investigated. Regularized digital image correlation enables for the analysis of strain fluctuations at different length scales. Five tests on specimen fabricated with different printing parameters are studied. It is shown that the strain fluctuations have no characteristic length scale and are essentially independent of the probed processing parameters.
增材制造的材料通常表现出中尺度的非均质性。研究了17-4PH不锈钢缺口试样在拉伸载荷作用下应变场的中尺度波动。正则化的数字图像相关能够分析不同长度尺度下的应变波动。研究了不同打印参数下试样的五种试验结果。结果表明,应变波动不具有特征长度尺度,且基本上与所测工艺参数无关。
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引用次数: 0
Determination of mechanical properties from sharp dynamic indentation 尖锐动态压痕的机械性能测定
IF 1.6 4区 工程技术 Q2 Mathematics Pub Date : 2021-11-18 DOI: 10.1177/03093247211059255
Bowen Si, Zhiqiang Li, Gesheng Xiao, X. Shu
In this study, a dynamic indentation test method based on the split Hopkinson pressure bar is proposed to obtain the dynamic parameters of Ludwik power law constitutive, namely, Young’s modulus E, strength coefficient K, and strain hardening index n by analyzing dynamic indentation load-indentation depth curve obtained from the theories relating to the Hopkinson pressure bar. The important parameters, namely, loading curvature C and transformation factor δ , are invoked to examine the dynamic indentation response results in a wide range of target material parameters. Finite element calculation results are processed through simulation of dynamic indentation response with broad material parameters. Furthermore, the analytical method is used to fit simulation results to obtain the analytical equations for elastic–plastic parameters and curvature parameters for the subsequent analysis. The analytical equation of forward model to predict dynamic indentation response parameter–loading curvature C of a known material is proposed. Then, the elastic–plastic parameters of unknown materials (according to Ludwik power law) are obtained by substituting the dynamic indentation response parameters into an inverse analytical equation under the two types of half-cone angle indenters. The method is verified by other typical materials, which shows that the dynamic indentation test based on the split Hopkinson pressure bar can obtain sufficient conditions to obtain dynamic mechanical properties of target materials.
本研究提出了一种基于Hopkinson压杆劈裂的动态压痕试验方法,通过分析Hopkinson压杆相关理论得到的动态压痕载荷-压痕深度曲线,得到Ludwik幂律本构的动态参数杨氏模量E、强度系数K和应变硬化指数n。利用载荷曲率C和转换因子δ等重要参数,对目标材料参数范围内的动态压痕响应结果进行了分析。通过模拟广泛材料参数下的动态压痕响应,对有限元计算结果进行处理。利用解析法对仿真结果进行拟合,得到弹塑性参数和曲率参数的解析方程,供后续分析使用。提出了预测已知材料动态压痕响应参数加载曲率C的正演模型解析方程。然后,将两种半锥角压头下的动态压痕响应参数代入反解析方程,得到未知材料的弹塑性参数(根据Ludwik幂律)。通过其他典型材料对该方法进行验证,表明基于Hopkinson压杆的动态压痕试验可以获得获得目标材料动态力学性能的充分条件。
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引用次数: 2
Failure mechanics analysis of AISI 4340 steel using finite element modeling of the milling process AISI 4340钢铣削过程的有限元模拟失效力学分析
IF 1.6 4区 工程技术 Q2 Mathematics Pub Date : 2021-11-15 DOI: 10.1177/03093247211058038
Muhammed Muaz, Sanan H. Khan
A slot cutting operation is studied in this paper using a rotating/translating flat end milling insert. Milling operation usually comprises up-milling and down-milling processes. These two types of processes have different behaviors with opposite trends of the forces thus making the operation complex in nature. A detailed Finite Element (FE) model is proposed in this paper for the failure analysis of milling operation by incorporating damage initiation criterion followed by damage evolution mechanism. The FE model was validated with experimental results and good correlations were found between the two. The failure criteria field variable (JCCRT) was traced on the workpiece to observe the amount and rate of cutting during the machining process. It was found that the model was able to predict different failure energies that are dissipated during the machining operation which are finally shown to be balanced. It was also shown that the variation of these energies with the tool rotation angle was following the actual physical phenomenon that occurred during the cutting operation. Among all the energies, plastic dissipation energy was found to be the major contributor to the total energy of the system. A progressive failure analysis was further carried out to observe the nature of failure and the variation of stress components and temperature occurring during the machining process. The model proposed in this study will be useful for designers and engineers to plan their troubleshooting in various applications involving on-spot machining.
本文研究了一种使用旋转/平移平面立铣刀片的切槽操作。铣削操作通常包括上铣削和下铣削两个过程。这两种过程具有不同的行为和相反的力趋势,从而使操作具有复杂性。采用损伤起裂准则和损伤演化机理,建立了铣削过程的有限元模型。用实验结果验证了有限元模型的正确性,两者具有良好的相关性。在工件上跟踪失效准则场变量(JCCRT),观察加工过程中切削量和切削速率。结果表明,该模型能较好地预测加工过程中耗散的不同失效能量,并最终达到平衡。结果表明,这些能量随刀具旋转角度的变化符合切削过程中实际发生的物理现象。在所有能量中,塑性耗散能是系统总能量的主要贡献者。进一步进行了渐进式失效分析,观察了失效的性质以及加工过程中应力分量和温度的变化。本研究提出的模型将有助于设计人员和工程师在涉及现场加工的各种应用中规划他们的故障排除。
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引用次数: 1
The vibration of thermoelastic silicon nitride Nanobeam based on green-naghdi theorem type-II subjected to mechanical damage and ramp-type heat 基于green-naghdi定理的热弹性氮化硅纳米梁在机械损伤和斜坡型热作用下的振动
IF 1.6 4区 工程技术 Q2 Mathematics Pub Date : 2021-11-15 DOI: 10.1177/03093247211058241
H. Youssef, Hamzah A. Alharthi, Mohamed Kurdi
In this work, an analysis for thermoelastic homogeneous isotropic nanobeams under damage mechanics consideration was built. Under easily supported boundary conditions with fixed side ratios, the Green-Naghdi model type-II, an extended thermoelasticity theory model, has been utilized. For the governing differential equations, the Laplace transforms technique was used on the time variable. The answers were found in the domain of the Laplace transform. Tzou’s approximation approach based on an iteration formula was used to calculate the Laplace transform inversions numerically. The numerical findings for a rectangular silicon nitride thermoelastic nanobeam have been obtained and validated. As a case study, we assumed that the beam is thermally loaded with ramp-type heat and that its two edges are simply supported. Figures representing different scenarios have been used to display the numerical results. Mechanical damage value, ramp-time heat parameter and beam thickness are all reported to have a substantial influence on all of the examined functions.
本文对热弹性均匀各向同性纳米梁进行了损伤力学分析。在边比固定的易支撑边界条件下,采用了扩展的热弹性理论模型Green-Naghdi模型。对于控制微分方程,对时间变量采用拉普拉斯变换技术。答案是在拉普拉斯变换的定义域中找到的。采用基于迭代公式的Tzou近似方法对拉普拉斯变换反演进行数值计算。得到并验证了矩形氮化硅热弹性纳米梁的数值结果。作为一个案例研究,我们假设梁的热负荷是坡道型的热量,它的两个边缘是简单的支撑。用不同情景的图形来显示数值结果。据报道,机械损伤值、斜坡时间热参数和梁厚度对所有检测功能都有实质性影响。
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引用次数: 1
Research on high cycle fatigue damage characterization of FV520B steel based on the nonlinear Lamb wave 基于非线性兰姆波的FV520B钢高周疲劳损伤特征研究
IF 1.6 4区 工程技术 Q2 Mathematics Pub Date : 2021-11-09 DOI: 10.1177/03093247211038415
Pengfei Wang, Qiwen Zhou, Bingbing Chen, Sanlong Zheng, Chao Wang, Zengliang Gao
In this study, high-strength steel FV520B sheets were subjected to high-cycle tensile-tension fatigue experiments at room temperature in order to obtain fatigue-damaged specimens. Then Lamb waves were used to perform nonlinear ultrasonic testing on them to obtain the normalized relative nonlinear coefficients, β′/β0. The corresponding relationship between β′/β0 and the percentage of fatigue life was obtained. Finally, the microstructural changes of the damaged samples were observed by a scanning electron microscope in order to explore the correlation mechanism between β′/β0 and the degree of micro-defects and fatigue damage. The experimental results showed that as the number of fatigue cycles increased, β′/β0 first slowly rose, then quickly rose to reach a peak, and finally declined, which was consistent with the generation and propagation of dislocations and cracks during fatigue damage. As the length and number of microcracks increased, β′/β0 also increased, especially in the initial stage of fatigue crack initiation. β′/β0 was very sensitive to the size of fatigue cracks, so the change of β′/β0 can be used to detect the degree of early fatigue damage of the material.
本研究采用高强度钢FV520B薄板在室温下进行高周张拉疲劳试验,获得疲劳损伤试样。然后利用Lamb波对其进行非线性超声检测,得到归一化的相对非线性系数β′/β0。得到了β′/β0与疲劳寿命百分比的对应关系。最后,通过扫描电镜观察损伤试样的显微组织变化,探讨β′/β0与微缺陷程度和疲劳损伤之间的相关机制。实验结果表明,随着疲劳循环次数的增加,β′/β0先缓慢上升,然后快速上升达到峰值,最后下降,这与疲劳损伤过程中位错和裂纹的产生和扩展相一致。随着微裂纹长度和数量的增加,β′/β0也随之增加,尤其是在疲劳裂纹萌生初期。β′/β0对疲劳裂纹的大小非常敏感,因此β′/β0的变化可以用来检测材料的早期疲劳损伤程度。
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引用次数: 1
Research on Non-hyperelastic Mechanical Model of EMU Rubber Spring Based on Experimental Data 基于实验数据的动车组橡胶弹簧非超弹性力学模型研究
IF 1.6 4区 工程技术 Q2 Mathematics Pub Date : 2021-11-03 DOI: 10.1177/03093247211055950
Chuanbo Xu, M. Chi, S. Liang, Liangcheng Dai, Yiping Jiang
The dynamic mechanical properties of rubber spring have great influence on the vehicle dynamic performance, so the accurate description of the mechanical properties of rubber spring has always been the focus of the train dynamics. Among the mechanical properties of rubber springs, the study of non-hyperelastic properties are the most difficult and complex. Therefore, this paper mainly studies non-hyperelastic forces. Based on the experimental data of rubber springs, an elliptic analysis model is derived to describe the non-hyperelastic properties of rubber springs. On the basis of this model, a modified model based on time change and a modified model based on displacement change are also proposed. The results show that the ellipse analysis model is simple, but the error of calculation is large; the calculation precision of time correction model is high, but the calculation process is complex; the displacement correction model is between the previous two models, with both accuracy and convenience. Compared with other models, the displacement correction model has great advantages, which can improve the accuracy of the calculation of train dynamics. It is suggested to adopt the rubber spring displacement correction model in engineering application.
橡胶弹簧的动态力学性能对车辆的动态性能影响很大,因此准确描述橡胶弹簧的力学性能一直是列车动力学研究的重点。在橡胶弹簧的力学性能研究中,非超弹性性能的研究是最困难和最复杂的。因此,本文主要研究非超弹性力。基于橡胶弹簧的实验数据,导出了描述橡胶弹簧非超弹性特性的椭圆分析模型。在此基础上,提出了基于时间变化的修正模型和基于位移变化的修正模型。结果表明:椭圆分析模型简单,但计算误差较大;时间校正模型计算精度高,但计算过程复杂;位移修正模型介于前两种模型之间,具有精度和方便性。与其他模型相比,位移修正模型具有很大的优势,可以提高列车动力学计算的精度。建议在工程应用中采用橡胶弹簧位移修正模型。
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引用次数: 3
Dislocations in an arbitrary angle wedge. Part I: The dislocation kernel 任意角度楔的位错。第一部分:位错核
IF 1.6 4区 工程技术 Q2 Mathematics Pub Date : 2021-10-28 DOI: 10.1177/03093247211042539
Daniel J. Riddoch, D. Hills
We consider the state of stress created by the presence of an edge dislocation at an arbitrary position, in a wedge of arbitrary internal angle. A method for determining the state of stress in the wedge is demonstrarted and verified against finite element method simulations. Furthermore, a Mellin transform is employed to ensure that the free surfaces of the wedge remain traction free along their length.
我们考虑在任意内角的楔形中,在任意位置存在边位错所产生的应力状态。提出了一种确定楔体应力状态的方法,并通过有限元模拟进行了验证。此外,采用Mellin变换来确保楔形的自由表面沿其长度保持牵引自由。
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引用次数: 2
Dislocations in an arbitrary angle wedge. Part II: Cracks in the wedge 任意角度楔的位错。第二部分:楔子上的裂缝
IF 1.6 4区 工程技术 Q2 Mathematics Pub Date : 2021-10-09 DOI: 10.1177/03093247211047785
Daniel J. Riddoch, N. Cwiekala, D. Hills
We describe a method for calculating the crack tip stress intensity factors for the problem of one or two cracks at the apex of an arbitrary angle wedge. The kernels for a dislocation in an arbitrary angle wedge described in part 1 of this paper are used extensively. Consideration is given to variations of crack length, crack angle and wedge angle.
本文描述了一种计算任意角楔顶端存在一个或两个裂纹的裂纹尖端应力强度因子的方法。本文第1部分中描述的任意角度楔形位错的核被广泛使用。考虑了裂纹长度、裂纹角和楔角的变化。
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引用次数: 2
Evaluation of hetro-stacked target plate response toward different nose shaped projectile impact 不同机头型弹丸冲击下杂堆靶板响应的评价
IF 1.6 4区 工程技术 Q2 Mathematics Pub Date : 2021-09-27 DOI: 10.1177/03093247211047144
D. Iqbal, V. Tiwari
Detailed experimental and numerical investigations were carried out for evaluating the dynamic response of the stacked target plates toward moderate (100–250 m/s) velocity projectile impact. A single stage gas gun was utilized to launch the hemispherical and the blunt projectile toward two different hetro-stacked configurations (Al-St and St-Al). A comprehensive experimental (high speed 3D-DIC) and numerical (FE) evaluation was conducted to obtain the transient and post-impact behavior of the target plates. Influence of different projectile shapes on the full-field transient deformation profiles of different stacking configurations was studied in detail. Also, typical perforation parameters like plug size, shape, and perforation hole diameters were carefully measured and analyzed. A comprehensive error measure was utilized to quantify the similarity between the experimental and simulation results, a very good agreement was observed.
为评估叠合靶板在中速(100-250 m/s)弹丸冲击下的动态响应,进行了详细的实验和数值研究。采用单级气枪将半球形弹和钝形弹分别发射到两种不同的异堆叠构型(Al-St和St-Al)上。通过综合实验(高速3D-DIC)和数值(FE)评估,获得了靶板的瞬态和后冲击行为。详细研究了不同弹丸形状对不同堆垛构型的全场瞬态变形曲线的影响。此外,还仔细测量和分析了典型的射孔参数,如桥塞尺寸、形状和射孔孔径。采用综合误差度量方法对实验结果与仿真结果的相似性进行了量化,结果表明两者吻合良好。
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引用次数: 2
期刊
Journal of Strain Analysis for Engineering Design
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