Pub Date : 2026-03-01Epub Date: 2026-02-16DOI: 10.1016/j.seares.2026.102686
Jisoon Lee , DongYoub Shin , Heejun Han , Hyung-Mi Cho , Doshik Hahm
The Yellow Sea (YS) and East China Sea (ECS) are interconnected, characterized by a semi-enclosed continental distribution and seasonally varying current systems. Dissolved inorganic iodine species (DIIS) concentrations, which act as quasi-conservative tracers, were measured in the YS and ECS to analyze circulation patterns. In the YS, iodide concentrations were higher at the surface, whereas iodate dominated bottom waters. In the bottom waters ( m), both iodide and total inorganic iodine were lower in November than in July. This decrease was attributed to the stronger intrusion of the Kuroshio-origin Yellow Sea Warm Current (YSWC), with lower iodide concentrations. Based on iodide and salinity, the proportion of YSWC-derived water in the YS bottom water increased from 26% in July to 34% in November. DIIS were further applied in the optimum multi-parameter analysis (OMPA) method, together with tracers such as temperature, salinity, and humic-like fluorescent dissolved organic matter. OMPA effectively characterized the water mass distributions across the YS and northern ECS, revealing key features such as the surface intrusion of Changjiang Diluted Water and the majority ( 70%) of Yellow Sea Bottom Cold Water at the bottom of the central YS. At the surface of the mid-YS (35°N), iodide concentrations exceeded 200 nM, which could not be explained by known water masses in the YS or ECS. To account for this, we introduced Bohai Surface Water (BSW) into the OMPA, revealing a 25% contribution that elucidates a transport pathway in the Yellow Sea previously overlooked.
{"title":"Assessing water mass mixing dynamics in the Yellow Sea and East China Sea using dissolved inorganic iodine species","authors":"Jisoon Lee , DongYoub Shin , Heejun Han , Hyung-Mi Cho , Doshik Hahm","doi":"10.1016/j.seares.2026.102686","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.seares.2026.102686","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Yellow Sea (YS) and East China Sea (ECS) are interconnected, characterized by a semi-enclosed continental distribution and seasonally varying current systems. Dissolved inorganic iodine species (DIIS) concentrations, which act as quasi-conservative tracers, were measured in the YS and ECS to analyze circulation patterns. In the YS, iodide concentrations were higher at the surface, whereas iodate dominated bottom waters. In the bottom waters (<span><math><mrow><mo>></mo><mn>40</mn></mrow></math></span> m), both iodide and total inorganic iodine were lower in November than in July. This decrease was attributed to the stronger intrusion of the Kuroshio-origin Yellow Sea Warm Current (YSWC), with lower iodide concentrations. Based on iodide and salinity, the proportion of YSWC-derived water in the YS bottom water increased from 26% in July to 34% in November. DIIS were further applied in the optimum multi-parameter analysis (OMPA) method, together with tracers such as temperature, salinity, and humic-like fluorescent dissolved organic matter. OMPA effectively characterized the water mass distributions across the YS and northern ECS, revealing key features such as the surface intrusion of Changjiang Diluted Water and the majority (<span><math><mo>></mo></math></span> 70%) of Yellow Sea Bottom Cold Water at the bottom of the central YS. At the surface of the mid-YS (<span><math><mo>></mo></math></span>35°N), iodide concentrations exceeded 200 nM, which could not be explained by known water masses in the YS or ECS. To account for this, we introduced Bohai Surface Water (BSW) into the OMPA, revealing a 25% contribution that elucidates a transport pathway in the Yellow Sea previously overlooked.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50056,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sea Research","volume":"210 ","pages":"Article 102686"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147397526","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-03-01Epub Date: 2026-02-10DOI: 10.1016/j.seares.2026.102684
Laura Seidel , Adele Maciute , Mattias Sköld , Irina Polovodova Asteman , Nina Rumpfhuber , Stefano Bonaglia , Antonio Pusceddu , Claudia Ennas , Mats Blomqvist , Francisco J.A. Nascimento , Clare Bradshaw
Bottom trawling is one of the most destructive fishing methods currently in use, with acute impacts on benthic ecosystems and chronic impacts on macrofauna communities. However, the long-term effects of chronic bottom trawling on smaller components of benthic communities and on sediment biogeochemistry are less well understood. To address this knowledge gap, we examined the effects of bottom trawling and environmental variables (bottom water and sediment properties) on alpha diversity and community structure of prokaryotes, meiofauna (including metazoans and foraminifera), and macrofauna over a spatial gradient of commercial bottom trawling, including a marine protected area which has been unfished for 12 years after >100 years of chronic trawling. Our results showed that chronic trawling affected the four organism groups in different ways. Prokaryote and foraminifera diversities were slightly higher at sites with higher trawling intensities, due to a greater number of rare species. Community composition was affected by trawling in all groups except meiofaunal metazoans. Sedimentary carbon played a significant role in shaping all four communities, as well as carbon degradation rates, but was not itself affected by trawling. Our results highlight that the complex interactions between environmental variables and disturbances from bottom trawling affect different components of the benthic fauna in different ways. Differences in organism size, population turnover rates, metabolic and ecological plasticity, feeding traits, and sensitivity to physical disturbance probably explain these differences.
{"title":"Chronic bottom trawling impacts on different size fractions of benthic communities and sediment properties: A case study from the Kattegat (North Sea)","authors":"Laura Seidel , Adele Maciute , Mattias Sköld , Irina Polovodova Asteman , Nina Rumpfhuber , Stefano Bonaglia , Antonio Pusceddu , Claudia Ennas , Mats Blomqvist , Francisco J.A. Nascimento , Clare Bradshaw","doi":"10.1016/j.seares.2026.102684","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.seares.2026.102684","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Bottom trawling is one of the most destructive fishing methods currently in use, with acute impacts on benthic ecosystems and chronic impacts on macrofauna communities. However, the long-term effects of chronic bottom trawling on smaller components of benthic communities and on sediment biogeochemistry are less well understood. To address this knowledge gap, we examined the effects of bottom trawling and environmental variables (bottom water and sediment properties) on alpha diversity and community structure of prokaryotes, meiofauna (including metazoans and foraminifera), and macrofauna over a spatial gradient of commercial bottom trawling, including a marine protected area which has been unfished for 12 years after >100 years of chronic trawling. Our results showed that chronic trawling affected the four organism groups in different ways. Prokaryote and foraminifera diversities were slightly higher at sites with higher trawling intensities, due to a greater number of rare species. Community composition was affected by trawling in all groups except meiofaunal metazoans. Sedimentary carbon played a significant role in shaping all four communities, as well as carbon degradation rates, but was not itself affected by trawling. Our results highlight that the complex interactions between environmental variables and disturbances from bottom trawling affect different components of the benthic fauna in different ways. Differences in organism size, population turnover rates, metabolic and ecological plasticity, feeding traits, and sensitivity to physical disturbance probably explain these differences.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50056,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sea Research","volume":"210 ","pages":"Article 102684"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146189578","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-01Epub Date: 2025-12-05DOI: 10.1016/j.seares.2025.102659
Dongyoung Kim , Jung Hyun Kwak , Hyun-Sil Kang , Hyun Je Park
Changjiang diluted water (CDW) substantially affects physicochemical and phytoplankton dynamics in the East China Sea, yet its ecological role near oceanic islands remains poorly understood. We investigated how CDW modulates primary productivity and phytoplankton community structure in the coastal waters of Jeju Island in August 2024. When CDW strongly influenced the area, phytoplankton primary productivity increased markedly in the weakly stratified, nitrogen-replete western coast, but was constrained in the strongly stratified, nitrogen-depleted southern coast. Nitrate uptake measurements revealed that the productivity enhancement was closely tied to nitrate availability and assimilation rates. Under strong CDW influence, phytoplankton community structure became simplified, with dinoflagellates dominating the highly productive western coast and cyanobacterial prevailing in the nutrient-limited southern coast. Small-sized phytoplankton groups were prevalent when the CDW influence decreased. Dinoflagellates displayed a bifurcated response to nutrient limitation, increasing under phosphorus limitation and decreasing under nitrogen limitation. Multivariate analysis identified nitrate concentration and stratification intensity as integrative indicators of the relationship between physical forcing and low-trophic-level responses. The CDW-driven process illustrates an amplification of the island mass effect through physical mixing and nutrient enrichment around the island located along the CDW transport pathway, promoting episodic blooms and modulating phytoplankton communities.
{"title":"Contrasting roles of Changjiang diluted water on phytoplankton dynamics near a temperate volcanic island: Implications for the island mass effect","authors":"Dongyoung Kim , Jung Hyun Kwak , Hyun-Sil Kang , Hyun Je Park","doi":"10.1016/j.seares.2025.102659","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.seares.2025.102659","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Changjiang diluted water (CDW) substantially affects physicochemical and phytoplankton dynamics in the East China Sea, yet its ecological role near oceanic islands remains poorly understood. We investigated how CDW modulates primary productivity and phytoplankton community structure in the coastal waters of Jeju Island in August 2024. When CDW strongly influenced the area, phytoplankton primary productivity increased markedly in the weakly stratified, nitrogen-replete western coast, but was constrained in the strongly stratified, nitrogen-depleted southern coast. Nitrate uptake measurements revealed that the productivity enhancement was closely tied to nitrate availability and assimilation rates. Under strong CDW influence, phytoplankton community structure became simplified, with dinoflagellates dominating the highly productive western coast and cyanobacterial prevailing in the nutrient-limited southern coast. Small-sized phytoplankton groups were prevalent when the CDW influence decreased. Dinoflagellates displayed a bifurcated response to nutrient limitation, increasing under phosphorus limitation and decreasing under nitrogen limitation. Multivariate analysis identified nitrate concentration and stratification intensity as integrative indicators of the relationship between physical forcing and low-trophic-level responses. The CDW-driven process illustrates an amplification of the island mass effect through physical mixing and nutrient enrichment around the island located along the CDW transport pathway, promoting episodic blooms and modulating phytoplankton communities.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50056,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sea Research","volume":"209 ","pages":"Article 102659"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145738004","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-01Epub Date: 2025-12-26DOI: 10.1016/j.seares.2025.102664
Yuling Liu , Zhikun Song , Mingliang Zhang
A three-dimensional hydrodynamic and ecological model was constructed to understand the spatiotemporal distributions of nutrients and their dynamic responses to environmental factors in the Liao River Estuary (LRE) and Daliao River Estuary (DLRE). The simulated results were validated using observed data, demonstrating high simulation accuracy. Nitrogen nutrient concentrations were highest in spring and summer of 2023, while dissolved inorganic phosphorus (DIP) concentrations and Chlorophyll-a (Chl-a) were highest in summer. Under scenarios of reduced nutrient loads by 10 %–30 %, the dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) concentrations at selected stations decreased by 5.2 %–9.8 % and 14 %–29 %, respectively, while the DIP concentrations decreased by 2.8 %–8 % and 8.4 %–24.4 %. A 20 % discharge increase resulted in reductions of 6.61 % and 6.56 % in DIN and DIP concentrations during summer flood season, respectively. The reclamation for construction promoted the advection and diffusion of pollutants from the LRE into the sea but weakened the migration of pollutants in the DLRE. The study insights can enhance our understanding of estuarine water quality processes and provide valuable guidance for pollutant control strategies.
{"title":"Numerical study of nutrient responses to environmental factors in complex river-estuary interactions","authors":"Yuling Liu , Zhikun Song , Mingliang Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.seares.2025.102664","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.seares.2025.102664","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A three-dimensional hydrodynamic and ecological model was constructed to understand the spatiotemporal distributions of nutrients and their dynamic responses to environmental factors in the Liao River Estuary (LRE) and Daliao River Estuary (DLRE). The simulated results were validated using observed data, demonstrating high simulation accuracy. Nitrogen nutrient concentrations were highest in spring and summer of 2023, while dissolved inorganic phosphorus (DIP) concentrations and Chlorophyll-a (Chl-<em>a</em>) were highest in summer. Under scenarios of reduced nutrient loads by 10 %–30 %, the dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) concentrations at selected stations decreased by 5.2 %–9.8 % and 14 %–29 %, respectively, while the DIP concentrations decreased by 2.8 %–8 % and 8.4 %–24.4 %. A 20 % discharge increase resulted in reductions of 6.61 % and 6.56 % in DIN and DIP concentrations during summer flood season, respectively. The reclamation for construction promoted the advection and diffusion of pollutants from the LRE into the sea but weakened the migration of pollutants in the DLRE. The study insights can enhance our understanding of estuarine water quality processes and provide valuable guidance for pollutant control strategies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50056,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sea Research","volume":"209 ","pages":"Article 102664"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145925345","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-01Epub Date: 2025-12-26DOI: 10.1016/j.seares.2025.102663
Shiye Yi , Yongsheng Wang , Zhijian Yu , Xiaohua Yu
Enhancing the resilience of coastal cities is a global priority, yet the spatiotemporal dynamics, inequalities, and drivers of resilience at the city level remain poorly understood. This study investigates these issues across 54 Chinese coastal cities from 2012 to 2022. Using an integrated framework that includes spatial statistics, inequality decomposition, and interpretable machine learning, we analyze a multi-dimensional resilience index. Results show that while overall resilience has increased, spatial polarization between advanced and peripheral cities has intensified, driven primarily by intra-regional disparities. Crucially, we identify green production as the primary structural driver of resilience, surpassing the importance of traditional economic indicators. We also find strong evidence of positive spatial spillovers, demonstrating that a city's resilience is significantly influenced by its neighbors. These findings challenge conventional economic-centric resilience models and indicate that future policy must prioritize ecological governance and coordinated regional planning to achieve equitable and sustainable coastal development.
{"title":"Revealing coastal resilience in China: Spatiotemporal dynamics, regional inequality, and structural drivers","authors":"Shiye Yi , Yongsheng Wang , Zhijian Yu , Xiaohua Yu","doi":"10.1016/j.seares.2025.102663","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.seares.2025.102663","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Enhancing the resilience of coastal cities is a global priority, yet the spatiotemporal dynamics, inequalities, and drivers of resilience at the city level remain poorly understood. This study investigates these issues across 54 Chinese coastal cities from 2012 to 2022. Using an integrated framework that includes spatial statistics, inequality decomposition, and interpretable machine learning, we analyze a multi-dimensional resilience index. Results show that while overall resilience has increased, spatial polarization between advanced and peripheral cities has intensified, driven primarily by intra-regional disparities. Crucially, we identify green production as the primary structural driver of resilience, surpassing the importance of traditional economic indicators. We also find strong evidence of positive spatial spillovers, demonstrating that a city's resilience is significantly influenced by its neighbors. These findings challenge conventional economic-centric resilience models and indicate that future policy must prioritize ecological governance and coordinated regional planning to achieve equitable and sustainable coastal development.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50056,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sea Research","volume":"209 ","pages":"Article 102663"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145925346","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-01Epub Date: 2025-12-23DOI: 10.1016/j.seares.2025.102662
Juan Shi , Xiaolan Kong , Teng Wang , Chunhou Li , Jinfa Zhao , Yayuan Xiao , Yu Liu , Yancong Cai , Xuefu Ao , Yan'e Jiang , Hongyu Xie , Jinhui Sun , Yong Liu , Xiaoyu Song , Yanqiao Wang , Junyun Liu
The adaptive strategies of species to differentiated habitats represent a universal ecological principle. This study takes Chauliodus sloani, a dominant mesopelagic fish in cold seep-adjacent waters, as a model to explore the adaptive patterns of its trophic niche in differentiated habitats. In August 2023, C. sloani samples were collected at different depths (75–750 m) and regions (cold seep and non-cold seep areas). Stable carbon and nitrogen isotope techniques were employed to characterize their trophic niche attributes. Results indicated that the δ13C value of C. sloani in cold seep-adjacent waters was −19.29 ± 0.31 ‰, δ15N was 9.83 ± 0.53 ‰, and the trophic level was 3.37 ± 0.68. Trophic indicators including carbon isotope range (CR), nitrogen isotope range (NR), mean centroid distance (CD), mean nearest neighbor distance (MNND), and standard deviation of MNND (SDNND) were higher in non-cold seep areas than in cold seep areas at the same water depth. This supports that C. sloani in cold seep areas exhibit lower dietary diversity but higher redundancy and evenness, endowing populations with stronger anti-disturbance capabilities. The directional changes in trophic structures further validated this result, confirming more stable trophic structures in cold seep populations. At 750 m depth, C. sloani exhibited minimal overlap in core trophic niche (SEAc) with other depths, demonstrating significant niche differentiation and independent population establishment at the strata. Zooplankton constituted the primary food source of C. sloani, but the contribution ratio of food sources varied significantly with depth. The contribution ratio of cephalopod prey increased with increasing water depth. This research elucidates both the adaptive strategies of C. sloani trophic niches across heterogeneous habitats and verifies distinctive diel vertical migration behaviors in mesopelagic fishes, offering novel insights into deep-sea organism survival mechanisms within complex ecosystems and associated energy transfer pathways.
{"title":"Habitat differences and vertical migration patterns of mesopelagic fish: A case study on the trophic niche of Chauliodus sloani in cold seep-adjacent waters","authors":"Juan Shi , Xiaolan Kong , Teng Wang , Chunhou Li , Jinfa Zhao , Yayuan Xiao , Yu Liu , Yancong Cai , Xuefu Ao , Yan'e Jiang , Hongyu Xie , Jinhui Sun , Yong Liu , Xiaoyu Song , Yanqiao Wang , Junyun Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.seares.2025.102662","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.seares.2025.102662","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The adaptive strategies of species to differentiated habitats represent a universal ecological principle. This study takes <em>Chauliodus sloani</em>, a dominant mesopelagic fish in cold seep-adjacent waters, as a model to explore the adaptive patterns of its trophic niche in differentiated habitats. In August 2023, <em>C. sloani</em> samples were collected at different depths (75–750 m) and regions (cold seep and non-cold seep areas). Stable carbon and nitrogen isotope techniques were employed to characterize their trophic niche attributes. Results indicated that the δ<sup>13</sup>C value of <em>C. sloani</em> in cold seep-adjacent waters was −19.29 ± 0.31 ‰, δ<sup>15</sup>N was 9.83 ± 0.53 ‰, and the trophic level was 3.37 ± 0.68. Trophic indicators including carbon isotope range (CR), nitrogen isotope range (NR), mean centroid distance (CD), mean nearest neighbor distance (MNND), and standard deviation of MNND (SDNND) were higher in non-cold seep areas than in cold seep areas at the same water depth. This supports that <em>C. sloani</em> in cold seep areas exhibit lower dietary diversity but higher redundancy and evenness, endowing populations with stronger anti-disturbance capabilities. The directional changes in trophic structures further validated this result, confirming more stable trophic structures in cold seep populations. At 750 m depth, <em>C. sloani</em> exhibited minimal overlap in core trophic niche (SEAc) with other depths, demonstrating significant niche differentiation and independent population establishment at the strata. Zooplankton constituted the primary food source of <em>C. sloani</em>, but the contribution ratio of food sources varied significantly with depth. The contribution ratio of cephalopod prey increased with increasing water depth. This research elucidates both the adaptive strategies of <em>C. sloani</em> trophic niches across heterogeneous habitats and verifies distinctive diel vertical migration behaviors in mesopelagic fishes, offering novel insights into deep-sea organism survival mechanisms within complex ecosystems and associated energy transfer pathways.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50056,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sea Research","volume":"209 ","pages":"Article 102662"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145925897","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-01Epub Date: 2025-11-29DOI: 10.1016/j.seares.2025.102651
Peng Wang , Jingru Zhou , Kaixuan Zheng , Xinfei Jin , Ngai Weng Chan , Mou Leong Tan , Xia Lin , Jiexuan Wu , Chi Yung Jim , Verner Carl Johnson , Fei Zhang
The construction and operation of nearshore photovoltaic (PV) power stations could impact the marine environment and adjacent development activities. Effective preventive and control measures could mitigate such impacts to protect the marine ecology and promote sustainable development. The numerical MIKE21 model provides a reliable analysis of surface water and sediment flow, which is pertinent for validating actual water conditions, calculating hydrological changes and predicting future trends. This study examined the type and magnitude of impacts induced by nearshore photovoltaic construction on adjacent development activities. The MIKE21 model explored the three-dimensional effects of nearshore PV installation on nearby mariculture and waterway navigation. The findings indicated that during the construction and removal of the nearshore cofferdams, the area with the highest full-tide suspended sand diffusion concentration, ranging from 10 to 20 mg/L, had a slight impact on the nearby mariculture area. The final siltation of the project, much less than 0.3 m due to scouring by the incoming water from the land area, would not affect the breeding intakes and outlets. Furthermore, under proper construction management measures and tailor-made non-conventional techniques, PV installation would not destabilize nearby mariculture areas, ports, or waterway navigation. This study provides a reference for analyzing the environmental impacts of marine PV and adopting mitigation measures.
{"title":"Impacts of nearshore photovoltaic installation on mariculture and navigation based on the MIKE21 hydrodynamic model","authors":"Peng Wang , Jingru Zhou , Kaixuan Zheng , Xinfei Jin , Ngai Weng Chan , Mou Leong Tan , Xia Lin , Jiexuan Wu , Chi Yung Jim , Verner Carl Johnson , Fei Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.seares.2025.102651","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.seares.2025.102651","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The construction and operation of nearshore photovoltaic (PV) power stations could impact the marine environment and adjacent development activities. Effective preventive and control measures could mitigate such impacts to protect the marine ecology and promote sustainable development. The numerical MIKE21 model provides a reliable analysis of surface water and sediment flow, which is pertinent for validating actual water conditions, calculating hydrological changes and predicting future trends. This study examined the type and magnitude of impacts induced by nearshore photovoltaic construction on adjacent development activities. The MIKE21 model explored the three-dimensional effects of nearshore PV installation on nearby mariculture and waterway navigation. The findings indicated that during the construction and removal of the nearshore cofferdams, the area with the highest full-tide suspended sand diffusion concentration, ranging from 10 to 20 mg/L, had a slight impact on the nearby mariculture area. The final siltation of the project, much less than 0.3 m due to scouring by the incoming water from the land area, would not affect the breeding intakes and outlets. Furthermore, under proper construction management measures and tailor-made non-conventional techniques, PV installation would not destabilize nearby mariculture areas, ports, or waterway navigation. This study provides a reference for analyzing the environmental impacts of marine PV and adopting mitigation measures.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50056,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sea Research","volume":"209 ","pages":"Article 102651"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145652032","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-01Epub Date: 2025-12-25DOI: 10.1016/j.seares.2025.102661
Jeffrey Kraemer, Christopher J. Gobler
Many economically important bivalves spawn during the summer months when diel cycles of dissolved oxygen (DO) and pH occur in estuaries. Little is known, however, regarding how cycles of differing durations and magnitudes affect these organisms. Here, larval bivalves (Mercenaria mercenaria, Crassostrea virginica, Argopecten irradians) and juvenile mussels (Mytilus edulis) were exposed to cycles of low DO and pH of varying duration (4-, 6-, 8-, and 12-h) and strength (moderate: DO range ∼ 6 mg L−1, pH range ∼ 0.6 and severe: DO range ∼ 10 mg L−1, pH range ∼ 0.9) compared to positive (normoxic and normocapnic) and negative (hypoxic and acidified) static controls. Growth, survival, respiration and clearance rates were measured. During experiments, 12 h of nocturnal hypoxia and acidification coupled with mildly hyperoxic (∼11.3 mg L−1 DO) and hypocapnic (∼8.13 pH) conditions by day significantly reduced survival in larval C. virginica, M. mercenaria, and A. irradians in all experiments (p < 0.05), while 12 h of nocturnal hypoxia and acidification without hyperoxic and hypocapnic conditions did so in only half of experiments indicating that hyperoxia and hypocapnia were additional and significant stressors. Six hours of low DO/pH significantly reduced survival in only 16 % of experiments, indicating that larval bivalves are more impacted by longer duration and greater magnitude cycles of DO and pH compared to cycles of shorter duration or lower magnitude. Across species, M. mercenaria larvae were more resilient to nocturnal hypoxia and acidification than A. irradians and C. virginica. The growth and survival of juvenile M. edulis were unaffected by nocturnal hypoxia and acidification but mussels experienced significantly increased clearance and respiration rates under these conditions (p < 0.01) evidencing physiological mechanisms for coping with these stressors. Collectively, this study demonstrates that the impacts of diel DO and pH cycles on early life stage bivalves are dependent upon cycle duration, cycle intensity, bivalve life stage, and bivalve species.
{"title":"Strength and duration of diel pH and dissolved oxygen cycles control the survival and performance of early life stage North Atlantic bivalves (Mercenaria mercenaria, Crassostrea virginica, Argopecten irradians and Mytilus edulis)","authors":"Jeffrey Kraemer, Christopher J. Gobler","doi":"10.1016/j.seares.2025.102661","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.seares.2025.102661","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Many economically important bivalves spawn during the summer months when diel cycles of dissolved oxygen (DO) and pH occur in estuaries. Little is known, however, regarding how cycles of differing durations and magnitudes affect these organisms. Here, larval bivalves (<em>Mercenaria mercenaria, Crassostrea virginica, Argopecten irradians</em>) and juvenile mussels (<em>Mytilus edulis</em>) were exposed to cycles of low DO and pH of varying duration (4-, 6-, 8-, and 12-h) and strength (moderate: DO range ∼ 6 mg L<sup>−1</sup>, pH range ∼ 0.6 and severe: DO range ∼ 10 mg L<sup>−1</sup>, pH range ∼ 0.9) compared to positive (normoxic and normocapnic) and negative (hypoxic and acidified) static controls. Growth, survival, respiration and clearance rates were measured. During experiments, 12 h of nocturnal hypoxia and acidification coupled with mildly hyperoxic (∼11.3 mg L<sup>−1</sup> DO) and hypocapnic (∼8.13 pH) conditions by day significantly reduced survival in larval <em>C. virginica</em>, <em>M. mercenaria</em>, and <em>A. irradians</em> in all experiments (<em>p</em> < 0.05), while 12 h of nocturnal hypoxia and acidification without hyperoxic and hypocapnic conditions did so in only half of experiments indicating that hyperoxia and hypocapnia were additional and significant stressors. Six hours of low DO/pH significantly reduced survival in only 16 % of experiments, indicating that larval bivalves are more impacted by longer duration and greater magnitude cycles of DO and pH compared to cycles of shorter duration or lower magnitude. Across species, <em>M. mercenaria</em> larvae were more resilient to nocturnal hypoxia and acidification than <em>A. irradians</em> and <em>C. virginica</em>. The growth and survival of juvenile <em>M. edulis</em> were unaffected by nocturnal hypoxia and acidification but mussels experienced significantly increased clearance and respiration rates under these conditions (<em>p</em> < 0.01) evidencing physiological mechanisms for coping with these stressors. Collectively, this study demonstrates that the impacts of diel DO and pH cycles on early life stage bivalves are dependent upon cycle duration, cycle intensity, bivalve life stage, and bivalve species.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50056,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sea Research","volume":"209 ","pages":"Article 102661"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145925898","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-01Epub Date: 2025-12-13DOI: 10.1016/j.seares.2025.102660
An Yan , Hu Tian , Qiaorong Yin , Xin Ding
China's coastal marine ecosystems face severe challenges, including fragmented governance and cross-regional externalities. This makes it urgent to establish an integrated and efficient land-sea coordinated governance system. This study explores ecological compensation as a strategic entry point and develops four evolutionary game models: a model under static strategy, a model under dynamic vertical ecological compensation, a model under dynamic horizontal ecological compensation, and a time-delay effect model. Parameter settings are partly based on typical Chinese cases and partly on expert judgment and literature references, with corresponding numerical simulations. The research conclusions are as follows. (1) The regulatory returns obtained by higher-level governments are a decisive factor influencing whether the system evolves toward a stable and coordinated governance equilibrium. (2) The vertical ecological compensation amount should remain within an appropriate range, whereas increasing the penalty intensity can further enhance system stability. The horizontal ecological compensation mechanism strengthens local governments' motivation for active governance and alleviates the regulatory pressure on higher-level governments within the simulated framework. (3) In terms of policy implementation, the dynamic vertical ecological compensation strategy facilitates the system's convergence toward an optimal evolutionary equilibrium, whereas the dynamic horizontal ecological compensation strategy exerts a comparatively weaker stabilizing effect. (4) Introducing time-delay effects enhances system stability and shows stronger convergence than the dynamic vertical ecological compensation strategy, particularly when higher-level governments respond after local ones. This study provides theoretical support for ecological governance strategies in China's coastal waters under land-sea integrated management.
{"title":"Dynamic ecological compensation and delayed strategies in China's coordinated land-sea governance: An evolutionary game analysis","authors":"An Yan , Hu Tian , Qiaorong Yin , Xin Ding","doi":"10.1016/j.seares.2025.102660","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.seares.2025.102660","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>China's coastal marine ecosystems face severe challenges, including fragmented governance and cross-regional externalities. This makes it urgent to establish an integrated and efficient land-sea coordinated governance system. This study explores ecological compensation as a strategic entry point and develops four evolutionary game models: a model under static strategy, a model under dynamic vertical ecological compensation, a model under dynamic horizontal ecological compensation, and a time-delay effect model. Parameter settings are partly based on typical Chinese cases and partly on expert judgment and literature references, with corresponding numerical simulations. The research conclusions are as follows. (1) The regulatory returns obtained by higher-level governments are a decisive factor influencing whether the system evolves toward a stable and coordinated governance equilibrium. (2) The vertical ecological compensation amount should remain within an appropriate range, whereas increasing the penalty intensity can further enhance system stability. The horizontal ecological compensation mechanism strengthens local governments' motivation for active governance and alleviates the regulatory pressure on higher-level governments within the simulated framework. (3) In terms of policy implementation, the dynamic vertical ecological compensation strategy facilitates the system's convergence toward an optimal evolutionary equilibrium, whereas the dynamic horizontal ecological compensation strategy exerts a comparatively weaker stabilizing effect. (4) Introducing time-delay effects enhances system stability and shows stronger convergence than the dynamic vertical ecological compensation strategy, particularly when higher-level governments respond after local ones. This study provides theoretical support for ecological governance strategies in China's coastal waters under land-sea integrated management.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50056,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sea Research","volume":"209 ","pages":"Article 102660"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145791325","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-01Epub Date: 2025-09-26DOI: 10.1016/j.seares.2025.102634
Hannah Charan-Dixon , Patricia S. Lamker , Annika S. Arvin-Blaauw , Fetuao Nokise , Jolanda K. Brons , Ann-Christin Ziebell , Margot A.M. Maathuis , Ingrid Tulp , Britas Klemens Eriksson
Coastal marshes are an important habitat for many juvenile and small fishes, providing refuge and feeding opportunities. Understanding their diets can reveal more about the food web and the underlying factors impacting fish in these threatened habitats. We compared the diets of common goby (Pomatoschistus microps), three-spined stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus), Atlantic herring (Clupea harengus), European flounder (Platichthys flesus), European seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax), and European smelt (Osmerus eperlanus). These fish were collected seasonally from Dutch Wadden Sea salt marshes using fyke nets set at fixed stations from three locations with varying degrees of habitat modification. Comparing visual identification and DNA metabarcoding (CO1 region) of stomach contents revealed that DNA (relative read abundance) could be used semi-quantitatively for the dominant prey classes, but failed to detect some prey groups identified visually. The dominant prey of most fish species were the harpacticoid copepod Tachidius discipes, the amphipod Corophium volutator, and other crustaceans including Crangon crangon and Neomysis integer. Diets were affected by season, abiotic conditions, predator length, sampling location, and predator species. Gobies and stickleback shared similar diets, while the four other species displayed distinct diets. Flounder diets were characterised by benthic prey, herring diets consisted predominantly of copepods, smelt were generalists, while seabass diets predominantly contained Malacostraca. Fish diets at the least modified sampling location exhibited the greatest prey diversity. Our findings indicate that salt marshes provide a feeding habitat for the resident and migrant fish species studied, where the degree of marsh habitat modification may affect the marine food web.
{"title":"The molecularly and visually identified prey of fish in Dutch salt marshes","authors":"Hannah Charan-Dixon , Patricia S. Lamker , Annika S. Arvin-Blaauw , Fetuao Nokise , Jolanda K. Brons , Ann-Christin Ziebell , Margot A.M. Maathuis , Ingrid Tulp , Britas Klemens Eriksson","doi":"10.1016/j.seares.2025.102634","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.seares.2025.102634","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Coastal marshes are an important habitat for many juvenile and small fishes, providing refuge and feeding opportunities. Understanding their diets can reveal more about the food web and the underlying factors impacting fish in these threatened habitats. We compared the diets of common goby (<em>Pomatoschistus microps</em>), three-spined stickleback (<em>Gasterosteus aculeatus</em>), Atlantic herring (<em>Clupea harengus</em>), European flounder (<em>Platichthys flesus</em>), European seabass (<em>Dicentrarchus labrax</em>), and European smelt (<em>Osmerus eperlanus</em>). These fish were collected seasonally from Dutch Wadden Sea salt marshes using fyke nets set at fixed stations from three locations with varying degrees of habitat modification. Comparing visual identification and DNA metabarcoding (CO1 region) of stomach contents revealed that DNA (relative read abundance) could be used semi-quantitatively for the dominant prey classes, but failed to detect some prey groups identified visually. The dominant prey of most fish species were the harpacticoid copepod <em>Tachidius discipes</em>, the amphipod <em>Corophium volutator</em>, and other crustaceans including <em>Crangon crangon</em> and <em>Neomysis integer.</em> Diets were affected by season, abiotic conditions, predator length, sampling location, and predator species. Gobies and stickleback shared similar diets, while the four other species displayed distinct diets. Flounder diets were characterised by benthic prey, herring diets consisted predominantly of copepods, smelt were generalists, while seabass diets predominantly contained Malacostraca. Fish diets at the least modified sampling location exhibited the greatest prey diversity. Our findings indicate that salt marshes provide a feeding habitat for the resident and migrant fish species studied, where the degree of marsh habitat modification may affect the marine food web.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50056,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sea Research","volume":"208 ","pages":"Article 102634"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145221823","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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