Ocean acidification (OA) poses a growing threat to tropical coral reef ecosystems, yet the spatiotemporal dynamics of acidification and their implications for conservation remain undercharacterized. Here, we present a comprehensive global assessment of surface ocean carbonate chemistry from 1985 to 2022, using an observation-constrained, neural-network–based CMEMS dataset. We quantify long-term trends, detect structural accelerations, and identify regions of extreme and stable carbonate conditions based on pH, aragonite saturation (Ωₐᵣ), and calcite saturation (Ωca). Piecewise regression analysis reveals significant accelerations in the decline of all three parameters, with breakpoints in the late 1990s (Ωₐᵣ, Ωca) and post-2009 (pH). Spatial trend and Z-score analyses (Z ≤ −2.0) indicate that the Coral Triangle and adjacent Indo-Pacific regions have experienced the most intense acidification exposure, both in trend magnitude and extreme event frequency. Concurrently, we identify chemically stable zones, defined by Ωₐᵣ ≥ 3.0 and Ωca ≥ 1.5, that persist in approximately 12 % of tropical ocean surface waters from 2015 to 2022. Critically, these stable zones show substantial overlap with major coral reef provinces, yet protection gaps remain. In Indonesia, the Philippines, and Papua New Guinea, less than 35 % of coral reef area falls within marine protected areas (MPAs), despite high stable zone prevalence. Our findings highlight an urgent opportunity to integrate carbonate chemistry stability into marine spatial planning. Designating MPAs within these refugial zones offers a climate-informed strategy to sustain coral ecosystem resilience under intensifying anthropogenic CO₂ forcing.
{"title":"Accelerated Ocean acidification (1985–2022) threatens tropical coral reefs and highlights biogeochemical refugia for marine conservation","authors":"Shih-Chun Hsiao , Han-Lun Wu , Huei-Shuin Fu , Wei-Bo Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.seares.2025.102612","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.seares.2025.102612","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Ocean acidification (OA) poses a growing threat to tropical coral reef ecosystems, yet the spatiotemporal dynamics of acidification and their implications for conservation remain undercharacterized. Here, we present a comprehensive global assessment of surface ocean carbonate chemistry from 1985 to 2022, using an observation-constrained, neural-network–based CMEMS dataset. We quantify long-term trends, detect structural accelerations, and identify regions of extreme and stable carbonate conditions based on pH, aragonite saturation (Ωₐᵣ), and calcite saturation (Ω<sub>ca</sub>). Piecewise regression analysis reveals significant accelerations in the decline of all three parameters, with breakpoints in the late 1990s (Ωₐᵣ, Ω<sub>ca</sub>) and post-2009 (pH). Spatial trend and <em>Z</em>-score analyses (Z ≤ −2.0) indicate that the Coral Triangle and adjacent Indo-Pacific regions have experienced the most intense acidification exposure, both in trend magnitude and extreme event frequency. Concurrently, we identify chemically stable zones, defined by Ωₐᵣ ≥ 3.0 and Ω<sub>ca</sub> ≥ 1.5, that persist in approximately 12 % of tropical ocean surface waters from 2015 to 2022. Critically, these stable zones show substantial overlap with major coral reef provinces, yet protection gaps remain. In Indonesia, the Philippines, and Papua New Guinea, less than 35 % of coral reef area falls within marine protected areas (MPAs), despite high stable zone prevalence. Our findings highlight an urgent opportunity to integrate carbonate chemistry stability into marine spatial planning. Designating MPAs within these refugial zones offers a climate-informed strategy to sustain coral ecosystem resilience under intensifying anthropogenic CO₂ forcing.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50056,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sea Research","volume":"207 ","pages":"Article 102612"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144780560","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-07-31DOI: 10.1016/j.seares.2025.102610
Zun Pyae Oo , Bo Sann , Kenneth T. MacKay , Kyaw Thu Aung
Small-scale fisheries play a crucial role in sustaining coastal communities, yet they face significant challenges due to illegal fishing and a lack of comprehensive data for effective management. This study presents an eight-year analysis (2016–2023) of landings of Pama croaker (Otolithoides pama), a key economic species for local livelihoods in the Gulf of Mottama, Myanmar. Using size-disaggregated data from a fish collection station operated by Mawlamyine Holding Limited, we assessed changes in population structure, seasonal landing patterns, and economic contributions. Total landings increased from 25,930 kg in 2016 to 139,618 kg in 2023; however, the number of individuals declined, indicating a shift toward the capture of larger fish, likely recruiting from earlier juvenile stages (size categories 1 and 2). Analysis of size composition further revealed a decline in juvenile recruitment in recent years. Time-series analysis showed bimodal landing peaks in June–July and December–January, likely influenced by monsoonal inputs and spawning migrations. Economic valuation estimated annual gross income per fisher between USD 1732 and USD 5692, with total fishery value reaching approximately USD 10 million annually across the Gulf. Although fisheries co-management efforts played a crucial role in increasing fish landings from 2017 through 2023, recent political instability and weakened enforcement have posed a threat to long-term sustainability, enabling the resurgence of destructive fishing practices. Our findings underscore the importance of strengthening co-management systems and restore enforcement patrols to ensure the resilience of Pama croaker stocks and the livelihoods of coastal fishing communities.
{"title":"Size-disaggregated landings of Pama croaker (Otolithoides pama) at a fish collection station in the Gulf of Mottama, Myanmar: An eight-year analysis","authors":"Zun Pyae Oo , Bo Sann , Kenneth T. MacKay , Kyaw Thu Aung","doi":"10.1016/j.seares.2025.102610","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.seares.2025.102610","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Small-scale fisheries play a crucial role in sustaining coastal communities, yet they face significant challenges due to illegal fishing and a lack of comprehensive data for effective management. This study presents an eight-year analysis (2016–2023) of landings of Pama croaker (<em>Otolithoides pama</em>), a key economic species for local livelihoods in the Gulf of Mottama, Myanmar. Using size-disaggregated data from a fish collection station operated by Mawlamyine Holding Limited, we assessed changes in population structure, seasonal landing patterns, and economic contributions. Total landings increased from 25,930 kg in 2016 to 139,618 kg in 2023; however, the number of individuals declined, indicating a shift toward the capture of larger fish, likely recruiting from earlier juvenile stages (size categories 1 and 2). Analysis of size composition further revealed a decline in juvenile recruitment in recent years. Time-series analysis showed bimodal landing peaks in June–July and December–January, likely influenced by monsoonal inputs and spawning migrations. Economic valuation estimated annual gross income per fisher between USD 1732 and USD 5692, with total fishery value reaching approximately USD 10 million annually across the Gulf. Although fisheries co-management efforts played a crucial role in increasing fish landings from 2017 through 2023, recent political instability and weakened enforcement have posed a threat to long-term sustainability, enabling the resurgence of destructive fishing practices. Our findings underscore the importance of strengthening co-management systems and restore enforcement patrols to ensure the resilience of Pama croaker stocks and the livelihoods of coastal fishing communities.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50056,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sea Research","volume":"207 ","pages":"Article 102610"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144780552","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-07-21DOI: 10.1016/j.seares.2025.102606
Shengying Zhao , Yipei Zhao , Yang Liu , Chenlu Liang , Xin Zhang
Against the backdrop of accelerating global digital transformation and complex supply chain risks faced by port systems, this study systematically investigates the dynamic relationship between the digital economy and port resilience, as well as its spatial mechanisms, based on panel data from the Bohai Rim region spanning 2010 to 2023. The research employs fixed-effects models, spatial Durbin models, and mediation effect models. The results show that: First, the digital economy exerts a significant positive effect on enhancing port resilience. Second, improvements in technological innovation capacity, advanced industrial restructuring, and optimized resource allocation efficiency constitute the core mediating pathways through which the digital economy empowers port resilience. Third, regional digital economic development not only boosts local port resilience but also generates positive spatial spillover effects on neighboring areas' port resilience. Fourth, the promoting effect of the digital economy on port resilience remains robust regardless of shock directionality and exhibits a gradient-decreasing pattern across the southern, western, and northern economic zones. Based on these conclusions, this paper proposes a policy framework for coordinated development between the digital economy and port resilience, providing theoretical foundations for the digital transformation of regional port clusters.
{"title":"How can the digital economy enhance port resilience? Evidence from the Bohai Rim region","authors":"Shengying Zhao , Yipei Zhao , Yang Liu , Chenlu Liang , Xin Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.seares.2025.102606","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.seares.2025.102606","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Against the backdrop of accelerating global digital transformation and complex supply chain risks faced by port systems, this study systematically investigates the dynamic relationship between the digital economy and port resilience, as well as its spatial mechanisms, based on panel data from the Bohai Rim region spanning 2010 to 2023. The research employs fixed-effects models, spatial Durbin models, and mediation effect models. The results show that: First, the digital economy exerts a significant positive effect on enhancing port resilience. Second, improvements in technological innovation capacity, advanced industrial restructuring, and optimized resource allocation efficiency constitute the core mediating pathways through which the digital economy empowers port resilience. Third, regional digital economic development not only boosts local port resilience but also generates positive spatial spillover effects on neighboring areas' port resilience. Fourth, the promoting effect of the digital economy on port resilience remains robust regardless of shock directionality and exhibits a gradient-decreasing pattern across the southern, western, and northern economic zones. Based on these conclusions, this paper proposes a policy framework for coordinated development between the digital economy and port resilience, providing theoretical foundations for the digital transformation of regional port clusters.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50056,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sea Research","volume":"206 ","pages":"Article 102606"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144714526","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-07-17DOI: 10.1016/j.seares.2025.102605
Junjie Wang , Pinghuan Ji , Sanfa Wang
The marine fisheries economy is an important component of marine economic development. It's meaningful to clarify the influence mechanisms of digital economy for marine ecological protection and sustainable development strategies. We construct the evaluation indicator system of the digital economy and the economic resilience of marine fisheries. This paper discovers that the digital economy can significantly improve the economic resilience of marine fisheries. The results remain robust and reliable after passing various robustness tests and endogeneity tests. We also find that the potential influence channels are industrial structure upgrading (industrial resources dimension), technological innovation (technological resources dimension), and human capital optimization (human resources dimension) based on the resource-based theory. Further, we show that the impact of digital economy on the economic resilience of marine fisheries has a “digital economy output” threshold effect and is moderated by the openness degree. We also discover that the facilitation effect of digital economy is more significant in the sample of the Southern Marine Economic Circle, large-sized and medium-sized cities. We explore the sustainability effect of digital economy. This paper refines the evaluation framework for the economic resilience of marine fisheries and extends the application of resource-based theory to the resilience domain. The research results provide important theoretical and practical insights to optimize the external environment for the economic development of marine fisheries.
{"title":"Digital economy and economic resilience of marine fisheries in coastal cities: Based on the resource-based theory","authors":"Junjie Wang , Pinghuan Ji , Sanfa Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.seares.2025.102605","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.seares.2025.102605","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The marine fisheries economy is an important component of marine economic development. It's meaningful to clarify the influence mechanisms of digital economy for marine ecological protection and sustainable development strategies. We construct the evaluation indicator system of the digital economy and the economic resilience of marine fisheries. This paper discovers that the digital economy can significantly improve the economic resilience of marine fisheries. The results remain robust and reliable after passing various robustness tests and endogeneity tests. We also find that the potential influence channels are industrial structure upgrading (industrial resources dimension), technological innovation (technological resources dimension), and human capital optimization (human resources dimension) based on the resource-based theory. Further, we show that the impact of digital economy on the economic resilience of marine fisheries has a “digital economy output” threshold effect and is moderated by the openness degree. We also discover that the facilitation effect of digital economy is more significant in the sample of the Southern Marine Economic Circle, large-sized and medium-sized cities. We explore the sustainability effect of digital economy. This paper refines the evaluation framework for the economic resilience of marine fisheries and extends the application of resource-based theory to the resilience domain. The research results provide important theoretical and practical insights to optimize the external environment for the economic development of marine fisheries.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50056,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sea Research","volume":"206 ","pages":"Article 102605"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144662151","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-07-12DOI: 10.1016/j.seares.2025.102604
Ziming Wang , Yue Ling , Xiaoping Qu , Pengcheng Yao , Wei Wang , Bin Wang
This study explores the distribution, ecological risks, and sources of heavy metals in the sediments of the Xuanmen Bay marine reservoir in eastern China. Surface sediment samples were collected during both the wet and dry seasons in 2023 and analyzed for eight heavy metals: copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), nickel (Ni), chromium (Cr), lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), mercury (Hg), and arsenic (As), in addition to pH and total organic carbon (TOC). The ecological risk was assessed using the Potential Ecological Risk Index, while source analysis was conducted through Positive Matrix Factorization (PMF).
The findings reveal that heavy metal concentrations were generally higher during the wet season than in the dry season, with Regions I and II exhibiting the highest levels. Metal correlations were stronger in the wet season, displaying negative correlations with pH and positive correlations with TOC. Although the overall potential ecological risk in the reservoir was low, risk levels were heightened during the wet season, especially for Cd, Cu, and Hg in Region II.
PMF analysis identified industrial activities as the primary sources of heavy metal pollution, including metal processing, agricultural runoff, electroplating, non-ferrous metal smelting, and oil pollution resulting from the manufacturing of automobiles, machinery, and valve components. Notably, the metalworking and electroplating industries emerged as the most significant contributors to this pollution.
This study offers valuable insights and data for effectively managing heavy metal pollution in the Xuanmen Bay Marine Reservoir.
{"title":"Ecological risk assessment and source apportionment of heavy metals in sediments of a typical marine reservoir in the East China Sea: A case study of xuanmen bay marine reservoir","authors":"Ziming Wang , Yue Ling , Xiaoping Qu , Pengcheng Yao , Wei Wang , Bin Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.seares.2025.102604","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.seares.2025.102604","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study explores the distribution, ecological risks, and sources of heavy metals in the sediments of the Xuanmen Bay marine reservoir in eastern China. Surface sediment samples were collected during both the wet and dry seasons in 2023 and analyzed for eight heavy metals: copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), nickel (Ni), chromium (Cr), lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), mercury (Hg), and arsenic (As), in addition to pH and total organic carbon (TOC). The ecological risk was assessed using the Potential Ecological Risk Index, while source analysis was conducted through Positive Matrix Factorization (PMF).</div><div>The findings reveal that heavy metal concentrations were generally higher during the wet season than in the dry season, with Regions I and II exhibiting the highest levels. Metal correlations were stronger in the wet season, displaying negative correlations with pH and positive correlations with TOC. Although the overall potential ecological risk in the reservoir was low, risk levels were heightened during the wet season, especially for Cd, Cu, and Hg in Region II.</div><div>PMF analysis identified industrial activities as the primary sources of heavy metal pollution, including metal processing, agricultural runoff, electroplating, non-ferrous metal smelting, and oil pollution resulting from the manufacturing of automobiles, machinery, and valve components. Notably, the metalworking and electroplating industries emerged as the most significant contributors to this pollution.</div><div>This study offers valuable insights and data for effectively managing heavy metal pollution in the Xuanmen Bay Marine Reservoir.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50056,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sea Research","volume":"206 ","pages":"Article 102604"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144614145","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-07-09DOI: 10.1016/j.seares.2025.102600
Haonan Xu , Yuan Lyu , Hao Li
As a critical pillar of regional economic development, the resilience level of inland water transportation (IWT) systems fundamentally determines supply chain stability and sustainable regional growth. This study develops an innovative assessment framework for IWT resilience criteria and enhancement strategies through the integration of empowerment methodology, VIKOR technique, and game-theoretic mathematical modeling. Theoretical validation and sensitivity analysis reveal the operational decision-making performance and dynamic variability characteristics of resilience strategies. Employing a three-pronged method, our findings demonstrate that digital transformation, upgrading of waterway facilities, and supply chain collaboration constitute the optimal strategies for enhancing IWT system resilience. This research provides a methodological foundation for resilience-oriented infrastructure planning through its systematic analytical approach.
{"title":"Resilience strategies assessment for inland water transportation systems","authors":"Haonan Xu , Yuan Lyu , Hao Li","doi":"10.1016/j.seares.2025.102600","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.seares.2025.102600","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>As a critical pillar of regional economic development, the resilience level of inland water transportation (IWT) systems fundamentally determines supply chain stability and sustainable regional growth. This study develops an innovative assessment framework for IWT resilience criteria and enhancement strategies through the integration of empowerment methodology, VIKOR technique, and game-theoretic mathematical modeling. Theoretical validation and sensitivity analysis reveal the operational decision-making performance and dynamic variability characteristics of resilience strategies. Employing a three-pronged method, our findings demonstrate that digital transformation, upgrading of waterway facilities, and supply chain collaboration constitute the optimal strategies for enhancing IWT system resilience. This research provides a methodological foundation for resilience-oriented infrastructure planning through its systematic analytical approach.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50056,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sea Research","volume":"206 ","pages":"Article 102600"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144614170","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-07-07DOI: 10.1016/j.seares.2025.102603
Graziele Arantes Reis , Rubens César Lopes Figueira , Thaise M. Senez-Mello , Tailisi Hoppe Trevizani , Bruna Sanches de Freitas Felipe , Maria Virgínia Alves Martins
The main objectives of this study are to analyze the presence of potentially toxic chemical elements (PTEs) in fish and shrimp from Sepetiba Bay (coastal region of the State of Rio de Janeiro, SE Brazil), compared to results obtained in previous studies and to discuss the risks of consuming contaminated food for humans. Sepetiba Bay is a coastal system heavily contaminated by PTEs. Concentrations of As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, Se, and Zn were analyzed in tissues and organs of crustaceans (shrimp, Farfantepenaeus subtilis) and bony fishes (Cynoscion leiarchus, Cynoscion acoupa, Centropomus undecimalis, Plagioscion squamosissimus, Selene setapinnis, and Caranx hippos) using an Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectrometer (ICP-OES). Copper was the element that reached the highest levels among the analyzed species/tissues/organs, followed by Zn > Se > As>Cd > Pb > Cr > Ni > Co. Still, Zn, Cu, and Cr were present in all analyzed samples. For most species, the organs with the highest levels of PTEs were the heart and liver. The statistical results showed positive and significant correlations between the PTE concentrations of the analyzed species/tissues/organs. The Bioenrichment Factors (BF: the ratio between the levels of PTEs in the analyzed tissues/organs and the limits defined by the regulatory agencies) show that there are higher levels of PTEs than those allowed by law in the analyzed species/tissues/organs (descending order number of times higher): Cr (71), Se (35), Pb (32), Cu (23), As (13), Cd (10), Zn (7), and Co (5). For example, Cr showed relatively high BF values: C. acoupa (heart: 70 times; gills 9 times), C. undecimalis (heart 17 times), C. leiarchus (gills 13 times; heart 11 times; liver 9 times); gonads 8 times), C. undecimalis (gills 12 times), P. squamosissimus (gills 10 times) and F. subtilis (cephalothorax 9 times; carapace 7 times; muscle 7 times). The heart of S. setapinnis (35 times), the liver of P. squamosissimus (23 times), and the muscle of F. subtilis (4 times) showed Se enrichment higher than the amount authorized by Brazilian legislation (Anvisa). The gills of P. squamosissimus (32 times) and the gonads of C. leiarchus (5 times) and C. acoupa (4 times) indicated considerable bioaccumulation values for Pb enrichment, above the FAO/WHO (Food and Agriculture Organization/World Health Organization) limit. Therefore, this study shows a potential risk of metal contamination in the population that eats fish in the Sepetiba region. Fish is part of the traditional diet of the population living around Sepetiba Bay, primarily among low-income families who dominate the area. The results of this study suggest the need to monitor seafood contamination in this region.
{"title":"Bioenrichment of potentially toxic elements in fishes and shrimps of Sepetiba Bay (RJ, SE Brazil)","authors":"Graziele Arantes Reis , Rubens César Lopes Figueira , Thaise M. Senez-Mello , Tailisi Hoppe Trevizani , Bruna Sanches de Freitas Felipe , Maria Virgínia Alves Martins","doi":"10.1016/j.seares.2025.102603","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.seares.2025.102603","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The main objectives of this study are to analyze the presence of potentially toxic chemical elements (PTEs) in fish and shrimp from Sepetiba Bay (coastal region of the State of Rio de Janeiro, SE Brazil), compared to results obtained in previous studies and to discuss the risks of consuming contaminated food for humans. Sepetiba Bay is a coastal system heavily contaminated by PTEs. Concentrations of As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, Se, and Zn were analyzed in tissues and organs of crustaceans (shrimp, <em>Farfantepenaeus subtilis</em>) and bony fishes (<em>Cynoscion leiarchus, Cynoscion acoupa, Centropomus undecimalis, Plagioscion squamosissimus, Selene setapinnis,</em> and <em>Caranx hippos</em>) using an Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectrometer (ICP-OES). Copper was the element that reached the highest levels among the analyzed species/tissues/organs, followed by Zn > Se > As>Cd > Pb > Cr > Ni > Co. Still, Zn, Cu, and Cr were present in all analyzed samples. For most species, the organs with the highest levels of PTEs were the heart and liver. The statistical results showed positive and significant correlations between the PTE concentrations of the analyzed species/tissues/organs. The Bioenrichment Factors (BF: the ratio between the levels of PTEs in the analyzed tissues/organs and the limits defined by the regulatory agencies) show that there are higher levels of PTEs than those allowed by law in the analyzed species/tissues/organs (descending order number of times higher): Cr (71), Se (35), Pb (32), Cu (23), As (13), Cd (10), Zn (7), and Co (5). For example, Cr showed relatively high BF values: <em>C. acoupa</em> (heart: 70 times; gills 9 times), <em>C. undecimalis</em> (heart 17 <em>times</em>), <em>C. leiarchus</em> (gills 13 times; heart 11 times; liver 9 times); gonads 8 times), <em>C. undecimalis (</em>gills 12 <em>times</em>), <em>P. squamosissimus</em> (gills 10 <em>times</em>) and <em>F. subtilis</em> (cephalothorax 9 times; carapace 7 times; muscle 7 times). The heart of <em>S. setapinnis</em> (35 times)<em>,</em> the liver of <em>P. squamosissimus</em> (23 times), and the muscle of <em>F. subtilis</em> (4 times) showed Se enrichment higher than the amount authorized by Brazilian legislation (Anvisa). The gills of <em>P. squamosissimus</em> (32 times) and the gonads of <em>C. leiarchus</em> (5 times) and <em>C. acoupa</em> (4 times) indicated considerable bioaccumulation values for Pb enrichment, above the FAO/WHO (Food and Agriculture Organization/World Health Organization) limit. Therefore, this study shows a potential risk of metal contamination in the population that eats fish in the Sepetiba region. Fish is part of the traditional diet of the population living around Sepetiba Bay, primarily among low-income families who dominate the area. The results of this study suggest the need to monitor seafood contamination in this region.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50056,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sea Research","volume":"206 ","pages":"Article 102603"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144588658","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-07-03DOI: 10.1016/j.seares.2025.102601
Xiang Wan , Lei Zhang , Xiaodong Ma , Weishuai Xu , Qiyun Chen , Rui Zhao , Maoyuan Zeng
As a common and significant physical phenomenon in the global ocean system, ocean fronts have profound impacts on marine environments, ecosystems, and even global climate. Traditional methods for detecting ocean fronts typically use gradient thresholds to distinguish image pixels. When background noise is too high, excessive noise gradients can lead to ambiguous recognition results. Currently, widely used deep learning methods suffer from issues such as a lack of interpretability and insufficient multi-scale feature fusion during the detection process of ocean fronts. To address these problems, this paper proposes a Dynamic Gradient Orientation and Multi-scale Fusion Network, which integrates physical priors with deep learning techniques to achieve higher precision in ocean front detection. Using 30 years (1993–2022) of high-resolution sea surface temperature data for the Northwest Pacific Kuroshio Sea area, we constructed a dynamic gradient orientation angle constraint mechanism (DACM) and a multi-scale gradient fusion mechanism (MSGF). To further enhance the model's interpretability, we improved the detection framework based on you only look once version 11 (YOLOv11), introducing a cross-scale Transformer, dynamic snake convolution, and scale-aware feature fusion modules, making it suitable for ocean front detection. The experimental results show that our method achieved an accuracy and precision of 84.1 % and 79 %, respectively, on the testing set. The ablation experiment verified that the multi-scale fusion mechanism increased the weak front recall rate by 20 %. The results provide a feasible scheme for the deep integration of physical and data-driven ocean front detection, which has certain application value for the analysis of dynamic ocean processes and climate change research.
{"title":"Dynamic gradient orientation and multi-scale fusion network for ocean front detection","authors":"Xiang Wan , Lei Zhang , Xiaodong Ma , Weishuai Xu , Qiyun Chen , Rui Zhao , Maoyuan Zeng","doi":"10.1016/j.seares.2025.102601","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.seares.2025.102601","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>As a common and significant physical phenomenon in the global ocean system, ocean fronts have profound impacts on marine environments, ecosystems, and even global climate. Traditional methods for detecting ocean fronts typically use gradient thresholds to distinguish image pixels. When background noise is too high, excessive noise gradients can lead to ambiguous recognition results. Currently, widely used deep learning methods suffer from issues such as a lack of interpretability and insufficient multi-scale feature fusion during the detection process of ocean fronts. To address these problems, this paper proposes a Dynamic Gradient Orientation and Multi-scale Fusion Network, which integrates physical priors with deep learning techniques to achieve higher precision in ocean front detection. Using 30 years (1993–2022) of high-resolution sea surface temperature data for the Northwest Pacific Kuroshio Sea area, we constructed a dynamic gradient orientation angle constraint mechanism (DACM) and a multi-scale gradient fusion mechanism (MSGF). To further enhance the model's interpretability, we improved the detection framework based on you only look once version 11 (YOLOv11), introducing a cross-scale Transformer, dynamic snake convolution, and scale-aware feature fusion modules, making it suitable for ocean front detection. The experimental results show that our method achieved an accuracy and precision of 84.1 % and 79 %, respectively, on the testing set. The ablation experiment verified that the multi-scale fusion mechanism increased the weak front recall rate by 20 %. The results provide a feasible scheme for the deep integration of physical and data-driven ocean front detection, which has certain application value for the analysis of dynamic ocean processes and climate change research.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50056,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sea Research","volume":"206 ","pages":"Article 102601"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144556764","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-07-01DOI: 10.1016/j.seares.2025.102602
Yuyi Hu , Weizeng Shao , Xingwei Jiang , Guanyin Lin
This study investigates typhoon-induced wave dynamics using the WAVEWATCH-III (WW3) model, with a focus on evaluating eight depth-induced wave breaking parameterizations under typhoon conditions: BJ78, NE87, RU03, GO10, SA15, LS17, CH19, and TG83. The wind forcing field for WW3 is constructed by assimilating wind products from Haiyang-2 (HY-2), the Soil Moisture Active–Passive (SMAP) radiometer and the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer-2 (AMSR2). The model simulated waves during Typhoons Lekima (2019) and Yagi (2024) incorporating sea surface current speed and sea surface level data from the Copernicus Marine Environment Monitoring Service (CMEMS). Validation against HY-2B satellite significant wave height (SWH) measurements demonstrates that the LS17 outperforms other schemes in shallow coastal regions (< 200 m water depth), achieving optimal metric with a root mean square error (RMSE) of 0.5109 m and a correlation coefficient (Cor) of 0.8748. Comparison with buoy reveals maximum SWH discrepancy of 0.3 m between LS17 and BJ78 in shallow waters (i.e., 13 m water depth). This study evaluates the performance of two wave-breaking parameterizations (BJ78 and LS17) in WW3 simulations against HY-2 observations, with a focus on Super Typhoon Yagi (2024). Results indicate that both schemes perform comparably in deep waters (200–80 m depth), showing minimal deviations (∼0.5 m). However, near the coast (80–0 m), BJ78 exhibits significant underestimation (−2 m bias), while LS17 maintains higher accuracy. The superior performance of LS17 in shallow waters underscores the critical role of wave-breaking parameterization selection for reliable nearshore wave modeling, especially during extreme events such as typhoons.
{"title":"Performance of the different parameterization of depth-induced breaking during a typhoon","authors":"Yuyi Hu , Weizeng Shao , Xingwei Jiang , Guanyin Lin","doi":"10.1016/j.seares.2025.102602","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.seares.2025.102602","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates typhoon-induced wave dynamics using the WAVEWATCH-III (WW3) model, with a focus on evaluating eight depth-induced wave breaking parameterizations under typhoon conditions: BJ78, NE87, RU03, GO10, SA15, LS17, CH19, and TG83. The wind forcing field for WW3 is constructed by assimilating wind products from Haiyang-2 (HY-2), the Soil Moisture Active–Passive (SMAP) radiometer and the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer-2 (AMSR2). The model simulated waves during Typhoons Lekima (2019) and Yagi (2024) incorporating sea surface current speed and sea surface level data from the Copernicus Marine Environment Monitoring Service (CMEMS). Validation against HY-2B satellite significant wave height (SWH) measurements demonstrates that the LS17 outperforms other schemes in shallow coastal regions (< 200 m water depth), achieving optimal metric with a root mean square error (RMSE) of 0.5109 m and a correlation coefficient (Cor) of 0.8748. Comparison with buoy reveals maximum SWH discrepancy of 0.3 m between LS17 and BJ78 in shallow waters (i.e., 13 m water depth). This study evaluates the performance of two wave-breaking parameterizations (BJ78 and LS17) in WW3 simulations against HY-2 observations, with a focus on Super Typhoon Yagi (2024). Results indicate that both schemes perform comparably in deep waters (200–80 m depth), showing minimal deviations (∼0.5 m). However, near the coast (80–0 m), BJ78 exhibits significant underestimation (−2 m bias), while LS17 maintains higher accuracy. The superior performance of LS17 in shallow waters underscores the critical role of wave-breaking parameterization selection for reliable nearshore wave modeling, especially during extreme events such as typhoons.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50056,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sea Research","volume":"206 ","pages":"Article 102602"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144570439","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-06-22DOI: 10.1016/j.seares.2025.102598
Torborg E. Rustand , Astrid F. Rasmussen , Ludvig A. Krag , Anne Gro Vea Salvanes , Bjørn A. Krafft
Zooplankton organisms are considered ecological bio-indicators used to monitor the sustainability and health of marine ecosystems. Climate monitoring shows that the western part of the Atlantic sector of the Southern Ocean is undergoing warming over the second half of the twentieth century. This study describes the macrozooplankton composition in the upper 200 m water column of the South Orkney Islands shelf, slope, and offshore areas during the austral summer of February 2016. In total, 24 taxa were identified (15 determined to species level) from 22 sampling stations. The dominating species in catch weight were Euphausia superba (43.4 %) and Salpa thompsoni (42.7 %). Lower species diversity was associated with the offshore stations while higher species diversity was found on the shelf and slope areas. Spatial distribution of biota was examined in relation to temperature, salinity, bathymetry, and surface chlorophyll a using a non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) analysis. A hierarchical clustering revealed five distinct groups: two dominated by S. thompsoni, linked to offshore waters, two groups with mixed characteristics, greater diversity and located over the shelf and slope, and a group dominated by E. superba. This study establishes a baseline for long-term monitoring of macrozooplankton at the South Orkney Islands, aiding future assessments of species composition and distribution in response to environmental change.
{"title":"Macrozooplankton diversity and distribution off South Orkney Islands","authors":"Torborg E. Rustand , Astrid F. Rasmussen , Ludvig A. Krag , Anne Gro Vea Salvanes , Bjørn A. Krafft","doi":"10.1016/j.seares.2025.102598","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.seares.2025.102598","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Zooplankton organisms are considered ecological bio-indicators used to monitor the sustainability and health of marine ecosystems. Climate monitoring shows that the western part of the Atlantic sector of the Southern Ocean is undergoing warming over the second half of the twentieth century. This study describes the macrozooplankton composition in the upper 200 m water column of the South Orkney Islands shelf, slope, and offshore areas during the austral summer of February 2016. In total, 24 taxa were identified (15 determined to species level) from 22 sampling stations. The dominating species in catch weight were <em>Euphausia superba</em> (43.4 %) and <em>Salpa thompsoni</em> (42.7 %). Lower species diversity was associated with the offshore stations while higher species diversity was found on the shelf and slope areas. Spatial distribution of biota was examined in relation to temperature, salinity, bathymetry, and surface chlorophyll <em>a</em> using a non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) analysis. A hierarchical clustering revealed five distinct groups: two dominated by <em>S. thompsoni</em>, linked to offshore waters, two groups with mixed characteristics, greater diversity and located over the shelf and slope, and a group dominated by <em>E. superba</em>. This study establishes a baseline for long-term monitoring of macrozooplankton at the South Orkney Islands, aiding future assessments of species composition and distribution in response to environmental change.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50056,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sea Research","volume":"206 ","pages":"Article 102598"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144491693","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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