Pub Date : 2025-07-12DOI: 10.1016/j.seares.2025.102604
Ziming Wang , Yue Ling , Xiaoping Qu , Pengcheng Yao , Wei Wang , Bin Wang
This study explores the distribution, ecological risks, and sources of heavy metals in the sediments of the Xuanmen Bay marine reservoir in eastern China. Surface sediment samples were collected during both the wet and dry seasons in 2023 and analyzed for eight heavy metals: copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), nickel (Ni), chromium (Cr), lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), mercury (Hg), and arsenic (As), in addition to pH and total organic carbon (TOC). The ecological risk was assessed using the Potential Ecological Risk Index, while source analysis was conducted through Positive Matrix Factorization (PMF).
The findings reveal that heavy metal concentrations were generally higher during the wet season than in the dry season, with Regions I and II exhibiting the highest levels. Metal correlations were stronger in the wet season, displaying negative correlations with pH and positive correlations with TOC. Although the overall potential ecological risk in the reservoir was low, risk levels were heightened during the wet season, especially for Cd, Cu, and Hg in Region II.
PMF analysis identified industrial activities as the primary sources of heavy metal pollution, including metal processing, agricultural runoff, electroplating, non-ferrous metal smelting, and oil pollution resulting from the manufacturing of automobiles, machinery, and valve components. Notably, the metalworking and electroplating industries emerged as the most significant contributors to this pollution.
This study offers valuable insights and data for effectively managing heavy metal pollution in the Xuanmen Bay Marine Reservoir.
{"title":"Ecological risk assessment and source apportionment of heavy metals in sediments of a typical marine reservoir in the East China Sea: A case study of xuanmen bay marine reservoir","authors":"Ziming Wang , Yue Ling , Xiaoping Qu , Pengcheng Yao , Wei Wang , Bin Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.seares.2025.102604","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.seares.2025.102604","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study explores the distribution, ecological risks, and sources of heavy metals in the sediments of the Xuanmen Bay marine reservoir in eastern China. Surface sediment samples were collected during both the wet and dry seasons in 2023 and analyzed for eight heavy metals: copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), nickel (Ni), chromium (Cr), lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), mercury (Hg), and arsenic (As), in addition to pH and total organic carbon (TOC). The ecological risk was assessed using the Potential Ecological Risk Index, while source analysis was conducted through Positive Matrix Factorization (PMF).</div><div>The findings reveal that heavy metal concentrations were generally higher during the wet season than in the dry season, with Regions I and II exhibiting the highest levels. Metal correlations were stronger in the wet season, displaying negative correlations with pH and positive correlations with TOC. Although the overall potential ecological risk in the reservoir was low, risk levels were heightened during the wet season, especially for Cd, Cu, and Hg in Region II.</div><div>PMF analysis identified industrial activities as the primary sources of heavy metal pollution, including metal processing, agricultural runoff, electroplating, non-ferrous metal smelting, and oil pollution resulting from the manufacturing of automobiles, machinery, and valve components. Notably, the metalworking and electroplating industries emerged as the most significant contributors to this pollution.</div><div>This study offers valuable insights and data for effectively managing heavy metal pollution in the Xuanmen Bay Marine Reservoir.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50056,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sea Research","volume":"206 ","pages":"Article 102604"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144614145","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-07-09DOI: 10.1016/j.seares.2025.102600
Haonan Xu , Yuan Lyu , Hao Li
As a critical pillar of regional economic development, the resilience level of inland water transportation (IWT) systems fundamentally determines supply chain stability and sustainable regional growth. This study develops an innovative assessment framework for IWT resilience criteria and enhancement strategies through the integration of empowerment methodology, VIKOR technique, and game-theoretic mathematical modeling. Theoretical validation and sensitivity analysis reveal the operational decision-making performance and dynamic variability characteristics of resilience strategies. Employing a three-pronged method, our findings demonstrate that digital transformation, upgrading of waterway facilities, and supply chain collaboration constitute the optimal strategies for enhancing IWT system resilience. This research provides a methodological foundation for resilience-oriented infrastructure planning through its systematic analytical approach.
{"title":"Resilience strategies assessment for inland water transportation systems","authors":"Haonan Xu , Yuan Lyu , Hao Li","doi":"10.1016/j.seares.2025.102600","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.seares.2025.102600","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>As a critical pillar of regional economic development, the resilience level of inland water transportation (IWT) systems fundamentally determines supply chain stability and sustainable regional growth. This study develops an innovative assessment framework for IWT resilience criteria and enhancement strategies through the integration of empowerment methodology, VIKOR technique, and game-theoretic mathematical modeling. Theoretical validation and sensitivity analysis reveal the operational decision-making performance and dynamic variability characteristics of resilience strategies. Employing a three-pronged method, our findings demonstrate that digital transformation, upgrading of waterway facilities, and supply chain collaboration constitute the optimal strategies for enhancing IWT system resilience. This research provides a methodological foundation for resilience-oriented infrastructure planning through its systematic analytical approach.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50056,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sea Research","volume":"206 ","pages":"Article 102600"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144614170","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-07-07DOI: 10.1016/j.seares.2025.102603
Graziele Arantes Reis , Rubens César Lopes Figueira , Thaise M. Senez-Mello , Tailisi Hoppe Trevizani , Bruna Sanches de Freitas Felipe , Maria Virgínia Alves Martins
The main objectives of this study are to analyze the presence of potentially toxic chemical elements (PTEs) in fish and shrimp from Sepetiba Bay (coastal region of the State of Rio de Janeiro, SE Brazil), compared to results obtained in previous studies and to discuss the risks of consuming contaminated food for humans. Sepetiba Bay is a coastal system heavily contaminated by PTEs. Concentrations of As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, Se, and Zn were analyzed in tissues and organs of crustaceans (shrimp, Farfantepenaeus subtilis) and bony fishes (Cynoscion leiarchus, Cynoscion acoupa, Centropomus undecimalis, Plagioscion squamosissimus, Selene setapinnis, and Caranx hippos) using an Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectrometer (ICP-OES). Copper was the element that reached the highest levels among the analyzed species/tissues/organs, followed by Zn > Se > As>Cd > Pb > Cr > Ni > Co. Still, Zn, Cu, and Cr were present in all analyzed samples. For most species, the organs with the highest levels of PTEs were the heart and liver. The statistical results showed positive and significant correlations between the PTE concentrations of the analyzed species/tissues/organs. The Bioenrichment Factors (BF: the ratio between the levels of PTEs in the analyzed tissues/organs and the limits defined by the regulatory agencies) show that there are higher levels of PTEs than those allowed by law in the analyzed species/tissues/organs (descending order number of times higher): Cr (71), Se (35), Pb (32), Cu (23), As (13), Cd (10), Zn (7), and Co (5). For example, Cr showed relatively high BF values: C. acoupa (heart: 70 times; gills 9 times), C. undecimalis (heart 17 times), C. leiarchus (gills 13 times; heart 11 times; liver 9 times); gonads 8 times), C. undecimalis (gills 12 times), P. squamosissimus (gills 10 times) and F. subtilis (cephalothorax 9 times; carapace 7 times; muscle 7 times). The heart of S. setapinnis (35 times), the liver of P. squamosissimus (23 times), and the muscle of F. subtilis (4 times) showed Se enrichment higher than the amount authorized by Brazilian legislation (Anvisa). The gills of P. squamosissimus (32 times) and the gonads of C. leiarchus (5 times) and C. acoupa (4 times) indicated considerable bioaccumulation values for Pb enrichment, above the FAO/WHO (Food and Agriculture Organization/World Health Organization) limit. Therefore, this study shows a potential risk of metal contamination in the population that eats fish in the Sepetiba region. Fish is part of the traditional diet of the population living around Sepetiba Bay, primarily among low-income families who dominate the area. The results of this study suggest the need to monitor seafood contamination in this region.
{"title":"Bioenrichment of potentially toxic elements in fishes and shrimps of Sepetiba Bay (RJ, SE Brazil)","authors":"Graziele Arantes Reis , Rubens César Lopes Figueira , Thaise M. Senez-Mello , Tailisi Hoppe Trevizani , Bruna Sanches de Freitas Felipe , Maria Virgínia Alves Martins","doi":"10.1016/j.seares.2025.102603","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.seares.2025.102603","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The main objectives of this study are to analyze the presence of potentially toxic chemical elements (PTEs) in fish and shrimp from Sepetiba Bay (coastal region of the State of Rio de Janeiro, SE Brazil), compared to results obtained in previous studies and to discuss the risks of consuming contaminated food for humans. Sepetiba Bay is a coastal system heavily contaminated by PTEs. Concentrations of As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, Se, and Zn were analyzed in tissues and organs of crustaceans (shrimp, <em>Farfantepenaeus subtilis</em>) and bony fishes (<em>Cynoscion leiarchus, Cynoscion acoupa, Centropomus undecimalis, Plagioscion squamosissimus, Selene setapinnis,</em> and <em>Caranx hippos</em>) using an Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectrometer (ICP-OES). Copper was the element that reached the highest levels among the analyzed species/tissues/organs, followed by Zn > Se > As>Cd > Pb > Cr > Ni > Co. Still, Zn, Cu, and Cr were present in all analyzed samples. For most species, the organs with the highest levels of PTEs were the heart and liver. The statistical results showed positive and significant correlations between the PTE concentrations of the analyzed species/tissues/organs. The Bioenrichment Factors (BF: the ratio between the levels of PTEs in the analyzed tissues/organs and the limits defined by the regulatory agencies) show that there are higher levels of PTEs than those allowed by law in the analyzed species/tissues/organs (descending order number of times higher): Cr (71), Se (35), Pb (32), Cu (23), As (13), Cd (10), Zn (7), and Co (5). For example, Cr showed relatively high BF values: <em>C. acoupa</em> (heart: 70 times; gills 9 times), <em>C. undecimalis</em> (heart 17 <em>times</em>), <em>C. leiarchus</em> (gills 13 times; heart 11 times; liver 9 times); gonads 8 times), <em>C. undecimalis (</em>gills 12 <em>times</em>), <em>P. squamosissimus</em> (gills 10 <em>times</em>) and <em>F. subtilis</em> (cephalothorax 9 times; carapace 7 times; muscle 7 times). The heart of <em>S. setapinnis</em> (35 times)<em>,</em> the liver of <em>P. squamosissimus</em> (23 times), and the muscle of <em>F. subtilis</em> (4 times) showed Se enrichment higher than the amount authorized by Brazilian legislation (Anvisa). The gills of <em>P. squamosissimus</em> (32 times) and the gonads of <em>C. leiarchus</em> (5 times) and <em>C. acoupa</em> (4 times) indicated considerable bioaccumulation values for Pb enrichment, above the FAO/WHO (Food and Agriculture Organization/World Health Organization) limit. Therefore, this study shows a potential risk of metal contamination in the population that eats fish in the Sepetiba region. Fish is part of the traditional diet of the population living around Sepetiba Bay, primarily among low-income families who dominate the area. The results of this study suggest the need to monitor seafood contamination in this region.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50056,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sea Research","volume":"206 ","pages":"Article 102603"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144588658","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-07-03DOI: 10.1016/j.seares.2025.102601
Xiang Wan , Lei Zhang , Xiaodong Ma , Weishuai Xu , Qiyun Chen , Rui Zhao , Maoyuan Zeng
As a common and significant physical phenomenon in the global ocean system, ocean fronts have profound impacts on marine environments, ecosystems, and even global climate. Traditional methods for detecting ocean fronts typically use gradient thresholds to distinguish image pixels. When background noise is too high, excessive noise gradients can lead to ambiguous recognition results. Currently, widely used deep learning methods suffer from issues such as a lack of interpretability and insufficient multi-scale feature fusion during the detection process of ocean fronts. To address these problems, this paper proposes a Dynamic Gradient Orientation and Multi-scale Fusion Network, which integrates physical priors with deep learning techniques to achieve higher precision in ocean front detection. Using 30 years (1993–2022) of high-resolution sea surface temperature data for the Northwest Pacific Kuroshio Sea area, we constructed a dynamic gradient orientation angle constraint mechanism (DACM) and a multi-scale gradient fusion mechanism (MSGF). To further enhance the model's interpretability, we improved the detection framework based on you only look once version 11 (YOLOv11), introducing a cross-scale Transformer, dynamic snake convolution, and scale-aware feature fusion modules, making it suitable for ocean front detection. The experimental results show that our method achieved an accuracy and precision of 84.1 % and 79 %, respectively, on the testing set. The ablation experiment verified that the multi-scale fusion mechanism increased the weak front recall rate by 20 %. The results provide a feasible scheme for the deep integration of physical and data-driven ocean front detection, which has certain application value for the analysis of dynamic ocean processes and climate change research.
{"title":"Dynamic gradient orientation and multi-scale fusion network for ocean front detection","authors":"Xiang Wan , Lei Zhang , Xiaodong Ma , Weishuai Xu , Qiyun Chen , Rui Zhao , Maoyuan Zeng","doi":"10.1016/j.seares.2025.102601","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.seares.2025.102601","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>As a common and significant physical phenomenon in the global ocean system, ocean fronts have profound impacts on marine environments, ecosystems, and even global climate. Traditional methods for detecting ocean fronts typically use gradient thresholds to distinguish image pixels. When background noise is too high, excessive noise gradients can lead to ambiguous recognition results. Currently, widely used deep learning methods suffer from issues such as a lack of interpretability and insufficient multi-scale feature fusion during the detection process of ocean fronts. To address these problems, this paper proposes a Dynamic Gradient Orientation and Multi-scale Fusion Network, which integrates physical priors with deep learning techniques to achieve higher precision in ocean front detection. Using 30 years (1993–2022) of high-resolution sea surface temperature data for the Northwest Pacific Kuroshio Sea area, we constructed a dynamic gradient orientation angle constraint mechanism (DACM) and a multi-scale gradient fusion mechanism (MSGF). To further enhance the model's interpretability, we improved the detection framework based on you only look once version 11 (YOLOv11), introducing a cross-scale Transformer, dynamic snake convolution, and scale-aware feature fusion modules, making it suitable for ocean front detection. The experimental results show that our method achieved an accuracy and precision of 84.1 % and 79 %, respectively, on the testing set. The ablation experiment verified that the multi-scale fusion mechanism increased the weak front recall rate by 20 %. The results provide a feasible scheme for the deep integration of physical and data-driven ocean front detection, which has certain application value for the analysis of dynamic ocean processes and climate change research.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50056,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sea Research","volume":"206 ","pages":"Article 102601"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144556764","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-07-01DOI: 10.1016/j.seares.2025.102602
Yuyi Hu , Weizeng Shao , Xingwei Jiang , Guanyin Lin
This study investigates typhoon-induced wave dynamics using the WAVEWATCH-III (WW3) model, with a focus on evaluating eight depth-induced wave breaking parameterizations under typhoon conditions: BJ78, NE87, RU03, GO10, SA15, LS17, CH19, and TG83. The wind forcing field for WW3 is constructed by assimilating wind products from Haiyang-2 (HY-2), the Soil Moisture Active–Passive (SMAP) radiometer and the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer-2 (AMSR2). The model simulated waves during Typhoons Lekima (2019) and Yagi (2024) incorporating sea surface current speed and sea surface level data from the Copernicus Marine Environment Monitoring Service (CMEMS). Validation against HY-2B satellite significant wave height (SWH) measurements demonstrates that the LS17 outperforms other schemes in shallow coastal regions (< 200 m water depth), achieving optimal metric with a root mean square error (RMSE) of 0.5109 m and a correlation coefficient (Cor) of 0.8748. Comparison with buoy reveals maximum SWH discrepancy of 0.3 m between LS17 and BJ78 in shallow waters (i.e., 13 m water depth). This study evaluates the performance of two wave-breaking parameterizations (BJ78 and LS17) in WW3 simulations against HY-2 observations, with a focus on Super Typhoon Yagi (2024). Results indicate that both schemes perform comparably in deep waters (200–80 m depth), showing minimal deviations (∼0.5 m). However, near the coast (80–0 m), BJ78 exhibits significant underestimation (−2 m bias), while LS17 maintains higher accuracy. The superior performance of LS17 in shallow waters underscores the critical role of wave-breaking parameterization selection for reliable nearshore wave modeling, especially during extreme events such as typhoons.
{"title":"Performance of the different parameterization of depth-induced breaking during a typhoon","authors":"Yuyi Hu , Weizeng Shao , Xingwei Jiang , Guanyin Lin","doi":"10.1016/j.seares.2025.102602","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.seares.2025.102602","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates typhoon-induced wave dynamics using the WAVEWATCH-III (WW3) model, with a focus on evaluating eight depth-induced wave breaking parameterizations under typhoon conditions: BJ78, NE87, RU03, GO10, SA15, LS17, CH19, and TG83. The wind forcing field for WW3 is constructed by assimilating wind products from Haiyang-2 (HY-2), the Soil Moisture Active–Passive (SMAP) radiometer and the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer-2 (AMSR2). The model simulated waves during Typhoons Lekima (2019) and Yagi (2024) incorporating sea surface current speed and sea surface level data from the Copernicus Marine Environment Monitoring Service (CMEMS). Validation against HY-2B satellite significant wave height (SWH) measurements demonstrates that the LS17 outperforms other schemes in shallow coastal regions (< 200 m water depth), achieving optimal metric with a root mean square error (RMSE) of 0.5109 m and a correlation coefficient (Cor) of 0.8748. Comparison with buoy reveals maximum SWH discrepancy of 0.3 m between LS17 and BJ78 in shallow waters (i.e., 13 m water depth). This study evaluates the performance of two wave-breaking parameterizations (BJ78 and LS17) in WW3 simulations against HY-2 observations, with a focus on Super Typhoon Yagi (2024). Results indicate that both schemes perform comparably in deep waters (200–80 m depth), showing minimal deviations (∼0.5 m). However, near the coast (80–0 m), BJ78 exhibits significant underestimation (−2 m bias), while LS17 maintains higher accuracy. The superior performance of LS17 in shallow waters underscores the critical role of wave-breaking parameterization selection for reliable nearshore wave modeling, especially during extreme events such as typhoons.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50056,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sea Research","volume":"206 ","pages":"Article 102602"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144570439","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-06-22DOI: 10.1016/j.seares.2025.102598
Torborg E. Rustand , Astrid F. Rasmussen , Ludvig A. Krag , Anne Gro Vea Salvanes , Bjørn A. Krafft
Zooplankton organisms are considered ecological bio-indicators used to monitor the sustainability and health of marine ecosystems. Climate monitoring shows that the western part of the Atlantic sector of the Southern Ocean is undergoing warming over the second half of the twentieth century. This study describes the macrozooplankton composition in the upper 200 m water column of the South Orkney Islands shelf, slope, and offshore areas during the austral summer of February 2016. In total, 24 taxa were identified (15 determined to species level) from 22 sampling stations. The dominating species in catch weight were Euphausia superba (43.4 %) and Salpa thompsoni (42.7 %). Lower species diversity was associated with the offshore stations while higher species diversity was found on the shelf and slope areas. Spatial distribution of biota was examined in relation to temperature, salinity, bathymetry, and surface chlorophyll a using a non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) analysis. A hierarchical clustering revealed five distinct groups: two dominated by S. thompsoni, linked to offshore waters, two groups with mixed characteristics, greater diversity and located over the shelf and slope, and a group dominated by E. superba. This study establishes a baseline for long-term monitoring of macrozooplankton at the South Orkney Islands, aiding future assessments of species composition and distribution in response to environmental change.
{"title":"Macrozooplankton diversity and distribution off South Orkney Islands","authors":"Torborg E. Rustand , Astrid F. Rasmussen , Ludvig A. Krag , Anne Gro Vea Salvanes , Bjørn A. Krafft","doi":"10.1016/j.seares.2025.102598","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.seares.2025.102598","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Zooplankton organisms are considered ecological bio-indicators used to monitor the sustainability and health of marine ecosystems. Climate monitoring shows that the western part of the Atlantic sector of the Southern Ocean is undergoing warming over the second half of the twentieth century. This study describes the macrozooplankton composition in the upper 200 m water column of the South Orkney Islands shelf, slope, and offshore areas during the austral summer of February 2016. In total, 24 taxa were identified (15 determined to species level) from 22 sampling stations. The dominating species in catch weight were <em>Euphausia superba</em> (43.4 %) and <em>Salpa thompsoni</em> (42.7 %). Lower species diversity was associated with the offshore stations while higher species diversity was found on the shelf and slope areas. Spatial distribution of biota was examined in relation to temperature, salinity, bathymetry, and surface chlorophyll <em>a</em> using a non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) analysis. A hierarchical clustering revealed five distinct groups: two dominated by <em>S. thompsoni</em>, linked to offshore waters, two groups with mixed characteristics, greater diversity and located over the shelf and slope, and a group dominated by <em>E. superba</em>. This study establishes a baseline for long-term monitoring of macrozooplankton at the South Orkney Islands, aiding future assessments of species composition and distribution in response to environmental change.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50056,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sea Research","volume":"206 ","pages":"Article 102598"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144491693","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-06-21DOI: 10.1016/j.seares.2025.102599
Lingjuan Wu , Juan Huang , Ruichen Cao , Jiangling Xu , Jie Feng , Yifei Li , Chao Yuan
Since 2008, the on-site salvage of floating Ulva prolifera patches at sea has been a crucial measure in mitigating the adverse effects of the Yellow Sea green tide. A timely and accurate identification of the search area is crucial for salvage boats to handle reported floating U. prolifera patches effectively. Traditional deterministic drift forecasting methods do not adequately address the uncertain behavior of floating U. prolifera patches. This inadequacy arises from various environmental and biological complexities. In this study, we proposed a Monte Carlo probabilistic drift forecasting model by introducing random walk, and constructed a search area forecasting method based on optimal search theory. This method was applied to the on-site salvage of floating U. prolifera patches in June 2023. The optimal search area is more efficient and effective than traditional methods, reducing the search area by more than an order of magnitude. This method offers decision-makers valuable additional information, such as probability distribution of the search area, thereby enhancing salvage efficiency and ultimately mitigating resource waste.
{"title":"A forecasting method of optimal search area for Ulva prolifera green tide","authors":"Lingjuan Wu , Juan Huang , Ruichen Cao , Jiangling Xu , Jie Feng , Yifei Li , Chao Yuan","doi":"10.1016/j.seares.2025.102599","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.seares.2025.102599","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Since 2008, the on-site salvage of floating <em>Ulva prolifera</em> patches at sea has been a crucial measure in mitigating the adverse effects of the Yellow Sea green tide. A timely and accurate identification of the search area is crucial for salvage boats to handle reported floating <em>U. prolifera</em> patches effectively. Traditional deterministic drift forecasting methods do not adequately address the uncertain behavior of floating <em>U. prolifera</em> patches. This inadequacy arises from various environmental and biological complexities. In this study, we proposed a Monte Carlo probabilistic drift forecasting model by introducing random walk, and constructed a search area forecasting method based on optimal search theory. This method was applied to the on-site salvage of floating <em>U. prolifera</em> patches in June 2023. The optimal search area is more efficient and effective than traditional methods, reducing the search area by more than an order of magnitude. This method offers decision-makers valuable additional information, such as probability distribution of the search area, thereby enhancing salvage efficiency and ultimately mitigating resource waste.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50056,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sea Research","volume":"206 ","pages":"Article 102599"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144556763","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-06-13DOI: 10.1016/j.seares.2025.102597
M.P. Olivar , C. López-Pérez , A. Sabatés , A.N. Sarmiento-Lezcano
The neustonic layer of the ocean are visited at night time by a large number of organisms for feeding or breeding. This study reports large aggregations of the myctophid Myctophum punctatum at night in the strictly sea surface layer of the water column and the co-occurrence of dolphins swimming and probably feeding on these fish. The study was based on fish captures obtained from neuston hauls and dolphins observations in the Alboran Sea (western Mediterranean), and in oceanic waters off Lisboa (temperate Atlantic). Data on the abundance, biomass, size frequency distributions and Gonadosomatic Index of M. punctatum were analysed, and the relevance of these high aggregations both for the biology of the species and as a source of prey for the co-occurring dolphins is discussed.
{"title":"Surface swarms of the lanternfish Myctophum punctatum associated to dolphin presence","authors":"M.P. Olivar , C. López-Pérez , A. Sabatés , A.N. Sarmiento-Lezcano","doi":"10.1016/j.seares.2025.102597","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.seares.2025.102597","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The neustonic layer of the ocean are visited at night time by a large number of organisms for feeding or breeding. This study reports large aggregations of the myctophid <em>Myctophum punctatum</em> at night in the strictly sea surface layer of the water column and the co-occurrence of dolphins swimming and probably feeding on these fish. The study was based on fish captures obtained from neuston hauls and dolphins observations in the Alboran Sea (western Mediterranean), and in oceanic waters off Lisboa (temperate Atlantic). Data on the abundance, biomass, size frequency distributions and Gonadosomatic Index of <em>M. punctatum</em> were analysed, and the relevance of these high aggregations both for the biology of the species and as a source of prey for the co-occurring dolphins is discussed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50056,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sea Research","volume":"206 ","pages":"Article 102597"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144291684","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study integrates data on the content of zinc (Zn) in the sediment during the construction of wind farms in the Changhua coastal area, and conducted two seasons of sediment surveys surrounding the Changhua offshore wind farms (OWFs). The survey results were compared with historical data from previous monitoring efforts in the Changhua offshore wind farm region. From 6 environmental impact assessments of Changhua OWFs, sedimentary Zn contents were below the effects range-median (ERM; 410 mg/kg) of the US National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) standards. Our results showed that the Zn concentration in the sediment of the two sampling stations in this study was lower than the effect range low (ERL; 150 mg/kg) threshold. Compared among the sediments of CH-1 and CH-2 sites and other OWFs, the Zn concentrations were significantly lower than those of the Zhong Neng offshore wind farm, Zhang Fang offshore wind farm, and Haixia I/II offshore wind farm. In the spatial background, the distribution of Zn concentration in the southern area along the Changhua coastal sediments was higher than that in the northern area. The Mann-Kendall trend test analysis indicated a decreasing trend in the time series. Results of Geo-accumulation index (I geo) and potential ecological risk (PERI) demonstrated that the sediment has low ecological potential risk. This study established baseline data on Zn concentrations in the sediment of the Changhua coastal area. The proposed alert value for Zn concentration in the Changhua coastal area environment monitoring in sediment is 83.6 mg/kg.
{"title":"Baseline zinc levels and monitoring implications in sediments of the Changhua offshore wind farm region","authors":"Pei-Hsuan Wu , Yen-Kung Hsieh , Wei-Shan Chou , Ping Chen , Jin-Li Yu , Chao-Kai Kang","doi":"10.1016/j.seares.2025.102596","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.seares.2025.102596","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study integrates data on the content of zinc (Zn) in the sediment during the construction of wind farms in the Changhua coastal area, and conducted two seasons of sediment surveys surrounding the Changhua offshore wind farms (OWFs). The survey results were compared with historical data from previous monitoring efforts in the Changhua offshore wind farm region. From 6 environmental impact assessments of Changhua OWFs, sedimentary Zn contents were below the effects range-median (ERM; 410 mg/kg) of the US National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) standards. Our results showed that the Zn concentration in the sediment of the two sampling stations in this study was lower than the effect range low (ERL; 150 mg/kg) threshold. Compared among the sediments of CH-1 and CH-2 sites and other OWFs, the Zn concentrations were significantly lower than those of the Zhong Neng offshore wind farm, Zhang Fang offshore wind farm, and Haixia I/II offshore wind farm. In the spatial background, the distribution of Zn concentration in the southern area along the Changhua coastal sediments was higher than that in the northern area. The Mann-Kendall trend test analysis indicated a decreasing trend in the time series. Results of Geo-accumulation index (I <sub>geo</sub>) and potential ecological risk (PERI) demonstrated that the sediment has low ecological potential risk. This study established baseline data on Zn concentrations in the sediment of the Changhua coastal area. The proposed alert value for Zn concentration in the Changhua coastal area environment monitoring in sediment is 83.6 mg/kg.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50056,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sea Research","volume":"206 ","pages":"Article 102596"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144242771","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-05-26DOI: 10.1016/j.seares.2025.102595
Nadine Jacques , Bent Herrmann , Manu Sistiaga , Jesse Brinkhof
Rigid sorting grids are used in demersal trawl fisheries globally. However, in some fisheries, such as the Barents Sea demersal trawl fishery, they have been found to release large quantities of target-sized catch while simultaneously retaining too many undersized fish. Several studies have documented this issue but an in-depth understanding regarding the exact reasons for these results is still lacking. Thus, the present study investigated whether so-called fall-through experiments conducted in the laboratory for cod (Gadus morhua), haddock (Melanogrammus aeglefinus) and redfish (Sebastes spp.) could shed light on this matter. Predictive models based on these results, enabled a more detailed understanding of the size selection pattern from fishing trials for these species. The models revealed that the unintended release of target-sized cod and haddock occurs because a significant fraction of the fish entering the trawl squeezes themselves between the sorting grid bars to escape. For redfish, approximately 85 % of the contribution on the selectivity curve could be attributed to redfish squeezing themselves through the grid bar spacings to escape compared to when we considered that they do not squeeze (approximately 15 %). The unintended retention of undersized cod and haddock could be explained by the fact that many fish made contact with the grid with a suboptimal body orientation. The method applied enabled us to gain detailed insight into the interaction between fish and sorting grids and could potentially be applied to gain an understanding of the performance of other selectivity devices used in trawl fisheries.
{"title":"From behind bars to freedom: understanding the size selection of fish sorting grids","authors":"Nadine Jacques , Bent Herrmann , Manu Sistiaga , Jesse Brinkhof","doi":"10.1016/j.seares.2025.102595","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.seares.2025.102595","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Rigid sorting grids are used in demersal trawl fisheries globally. However, in some fisheries, such as the Barents Sea demersal trawl fishery, they have been found to release large quantities of target-sized catch while simultaneously retaining too many undersized fish. Several studies have documented this issue but an in-depth understanding regarding the exact reasons for these results is still lacking. Thus, the present study investigated whether so-called fall-through experiments conducted in the laboratory for cod (<em>Gadus morhua</em>), haddock (<em>Melanogrammus aeglefinus</em>) and redfish (<em>Sebastes</em> spp.) could shed light on this matter. Predictive models based on these results, enabled a more detailed understanding of the size selection pattern from fishing trials for these species. The models revealed that the unintended release of target-sized cod and haddock occurs because a significant fraction of the fish entering the trawl squeezes themselves between the sorting grid bars to escape. For redfish, approximately 85 % of the contribution on the selectivity curve could be attributed to redfish squeezing themselves through the grid bar spacings to escape compared to when we considered that they do not squeeze (approximately 15 %). The unintended retention of undersized cod and haddock could be explained by the fact that many fish made contact with the grid with a suboptimal body orientation. The method applied enabled us to gain detailed insight into the interaction between fish and sorting grids and could potentially be applied to gain an understanding of the performance of other selectivity devices used in trawl fisheries.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50056,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sea Research","volume":"205 ","pages":"Article 102595"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144170222","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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