Journal of Sea Research最新文献_第4页

Competent larval behaviour and settlement responses to adult conspecific cues of the horse mussels Modiolus modiolus and Modiolula phaseolina (Mytiloidea) 马贻贝（mytilo总科）和马贻贝（Modiolus Modiolus phaseolina）对同种线索的幼虫行为和定居反应

IF 2.9 4区地球科学 Q2 MARINE & FRESHWATER BIOLOGY

Journal of Sea Research

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-11-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.seares.2025.102640

Grete E. Dinesen , Kurt W. Ockelmann , Anders Nielsen

Larval settlement in response to conspecific adult pheromonal cues guides population connectivity and recruitment in many benthic invertebrates. However, evidence for this mechanism in bivalves, except for oysters and dreissenids, is limited. The evolution of such functional behaviour would have strengthened formation and maintenance of marine mussel aggregations of which several species and habitats are now considered threatened and in need of restoration. The two modioline bivalves, Modiolus modiolus and Modiolula phaseolina, form biogenic habitats in the subtidal. Experiments were conducted in vitro to test competent larval phototaxis, sinking rates, swimming behaviour and settlement responses to conspecific adult conditioned seawater (ACS) with pheromonal cues. Larvae of both species were maintained in ambient, aged seawater (ASW). Prior to settlement, the larvae became photonegative. Modiolus modiolus larvae sinking rates varied between 4.75 and 6.75 mm sec⁻¹, depending on larval size and seawater temperature. Competent pediveliger larvae initially required higher concentrations of ACS to induce settlement completed by metamorphosis. The odds of larval settlement were 8 to 85 times higher with exposure to higher ACS concentrations compared to lower concentrations or absence of ACS. Low concentrations of ACS altered larval swimming behaviour but did not induce settlement completed by metamorphosis, and this is thus a threshold response. This first documentation of mytiloidean larval settlement in response to conspecific adult pheromonal cues, may play an integral role in the metapopulation dynamics of these species. Population declines could weaken plumes of pheromonal cues excreated from adults and, thereby, larval settlement and recruitment. This may explain, in part, the low recoverability of previously long-standing M. modiolus habitats after cessation of anthropogenic physical disturbance, such as bottom trawling. Application of these results may enable high metamorphosis and juvenile survival rates in aquaculture production and guide restocking efforts to enhance in situ recruitment and, thereby, support horse mussel habitat restoration in coastal waters.

在许多底栖无脊椎动物中，响应同种成虫信息素线索的幼虫定居指导种群连通性和招募。然而，这种机制在双壳类动物中的证据，除了牡蛎和双壳类，是有限的。这种功能行为的进化将加强海洋贻贝群体的形成和维持，其中一些物种和栖息地现在被认为受到威胁，需要恢复。这两种双壳类生物，modolus Modiolus和phaseolina Modiolula，在潮下形成了生物栖息地。通过体外实验，研究了在信息素提示下，适能幼虫对同种成虫条件海水（ACS）的趋光性、下沉率、游泳行为和沉降反应。将两种幼虫置于环境老化海水（ASW）中。在定居之前，幼虫具有光负性。根据幼虫的大小和海水温度的不同，莫索线虫幼虫的下沉率在4.75 ~ 6.75 mm sec−1之间变化。正常的小叶虫幼虫最初需要较高浓度的ACS来诱导沉降完成变态。与暴露于较低浓度或没有ACS相比，暴露于较高浓度的ACS的幼虫沉降几率高出8至85倍。低浓度的ACS改变了幼虫的游泳行为，但没有诱导通过变态完成的沉降，因此这是一个阈值反应。这是对同种成虫信息素线索的首次记录，可能在这些物种的超种群动态中起着不可或缺的作用。种群数量的减少可能会削弱成虫产生的信息素线索，从而影响幼虫的定居和招募。这可能在一定程度上解释了在人为物理干扰（如海底拖网捕捞）停止后，以前长期存在的毛藻栖息地的恢复能力较低。这些结果的应用可以在水产养殖生产中实现高的蜕变率和幼鱼存活率，并指导重新放养工作，加强原地补充，从而支持沿海水域马贻贝栖息地的恢复。

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引用次数: 0

Laying out the foundations: Assessing the spatial extent and drivers of offshore wind turbine artificial reef effects on soft sediments 奠定基础：海上风力机人工鱼礁对软沉积物影响的空间范围及驱动因素评估

IF 2.9 4区地球科学 Q2 MARINE & FRESHWATER BIOLOGY

Journal of Sea Research

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-09-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.seares.2025.102631

Nene Lefaible , Carl Van Colen , Christelle Jammar , Jan Vanaverbeke , Tom Moens , Sven Van Haelst , Alain Norro , Steven Degraer , Ulrike Braeckman

With the rapid expansion of offshore energy, numerous artificial structures are being installed on the seabed, including wind turbine foundations. This study investigates the “artificial reef” (AR) effect of bottom-fixed offshore wind farms (OWFs) on soft sediment benthic communities. While previous studies have focused on distances ≥30 m from turbines, in this study, sediment and macrobenthic samples were collected at shorter distances (1 m, 7 m, 15 m and 25 m) from the scour protection layer (SPL) around a monopile and a gravity-based foundation in two Belgian OWFs, 10–13 years post-installation. Results show a localized AR footprint for both turbine foundations, with enriched benthic communities within 15 m of the SPL. In comparison to communities 25 m distanced away from the SPL, a higher average species richness (+100 %), abundance (+117 %), functional richness (+438 %), and bioturbation potential (+86 %) was prevalent, whereas the magnitude of enriched structural and functional diversity in the footprint varied respectively between 16 and 80 % and 15–110 % depending on the OWF. Beyond the AR footprint, communities resembled those at reference sites (240–570 m), with less surface dwellers, suspension feeders and a prevalence of burrowing biodiffusors that contribute little to bioturbation. While the AR effect's magnitude depends on local conditions and foundation design, our trait-based analysis indicates that sediment fining, biofouling drop-offs and organic enrichment are consistent drivers shaping the AR footprint.

随着海上能源的迅速发展，许多人工结构被安装在海床上，包括风力涡轮机的基础。本研究探讨了固定式海上风电场（OWFs）对软沉积物底栖生物群落的“人工礁”（AR）效应。虽然之前的研究主要集中在距离涡轮机≥30米的距离上，但在本研究中，沉积物和大型底栖动物样本是在安装后10-13年的两个比利时owf中，在距离单桩和重力基础周围的冲刷保护层（SPL）较短的距离（1 m, 7 m， 15 m和25 m）处收集的。结果表明，两个涡轮机基础都有局部的AR足迹，在距SPL 15 m范围内有丰富的底栖生物群落。与距离SPL 25 m的群落相比，平均物种丰富度（+ 100%）、丰度（+ 117%）、功能丰富度（+ 438%）和生物扰动潜力（+ 86%）普遍较高，而结构和功能多样性的富集幅度分别在16 - 80%和15 - 110%之间。在AR足迹之外，群落与参考点（240-570 m）相似，地表居民较少，悬浮取食者较少，穴居生物扩散器普遍存在，对生物扰动贡献不大。虽然AR效应的大小取决于当地条件和基础设计，但我们基于特征的分析表明，沉积物细化、生物污染下降和有机富集是形成AR足迹的一致驱动因素。

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引用次数: 0

Assessing foraminiferal diversity in Laizhou Bay, Bohai Sea: Insights from eDNA metabarcoding 基于eDNA元条形码的渤海莱州湾有孔虫多样性评估

IF 2.9 4区地球科学 Q2 MARINE & FRESHWATER BIOLOGY

Journal of Sea Research

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-10-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.seares.2025.102638

Qingxia Li , Zhonghua Ren , Yanli Lei , Qingyuan Hu , Shuaishuai Dong , Junfeng Shi

As a coastal semi-enclosed bay, Laizhou Bay has experienced significant ecological impacts due to intensified human influence. Benthic foraminifera, known for their sensitivity to environmental change, serve as excellent bioindicators for monitoring marine pollution and assessing ecological disturbances. In this study, we collected sediment samples from nineteen sites in Laizhou Bay, at water depths ranging from 3.76 to 16.88 m, and assessed foraminiferal diversity using eDNA metabarcoding. A total of 75 foraminiferal species were identified, nearly double the number reported in previous morphology-based studies. Among the 712 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) detected, 416 (∼58 % of the total) were classified as soft-shelled monothalamiids, which represented the highest proportion of OTUs across all sampling sites. This finding contrasts sharply with morphological surveys, which have typically reported multi-chambered hyaline taxa as the dominant component of benthic foraminifera in Laizhou Bay. The lack of significant Spearman correlations between alpha diversity and individual environmental parameters (depth, temperature, salinity, pH) suggested that foraminiferal diversity in this dynamic coastal setting was not governed by a single dominant factor. This implies that the community structure is more likely a result of the complex interplay of multiple environmental stressors and/or biological interactions. Furthermore, we used PICRUSt2 to predict metabolic functions of the benthic foraminiferal community, providing initial insights into its potential ecological roles. This study reveals the community structure and functional diversity of benthic foraminifera in Laizhou Bay and highlights the utility of eDNA metabarcoding as a highly sensitive tool in foraminiferal ecology.

莱州湾作为沿海半封闭海湾，由于人类活动的加剧，其生态环境受到了显著的影响。底栖有孔虫对环境变化非常敏感，是监测海洋污染和评估生态干扰的良好生物指标。本研究采集了莱州湾19个地点的沉积物样本，水深3.76 ~ 16.88 m，利用eDNA元条形码技术对有孔虫多样性进行了评估。总共鉴定了75种有孔虫，几乎是以前基于形态学研究报告的数量的两倍。在检测到的712个操作分类单元（otu）中，416个（约占总数的58%）被归类为软壳单丘脑类，在所有采样点的otu中所占比例最高。这一发现与形态学调查结果形成鲜明对比，形态学调查通常报道莱州湾底栖有孔虫的主要成分是多室透明类群。α多样性与单个环境参数（深度、温度、盐度、pH）之间缺乏显著的Spearman相关性，这表明在这种动态的沿海环境中，有孔虫多样性不受单一主导因素的支配。这意味着群落结构更可能是多种环境压力因素和/或生物相互作用的复杂相互作用的结果。此外，我们利用PICRUSt2预测底栖有孔虫群落的代谢功能，初步了解其潜在的生态作用。本研究揭示了莱州湾底栖有孔虫的群落结构和功能多样性，并强调了eDNA元条形码作为一种高度敏感的工具在有孔虫生态学中的应用。

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引用次数: 0

Inventory of the biofouling community on the first offshore solar energy farm in the North Sea 北海首个海上太阳能农场的生物污染群落清单

IF 2.9 4区地球科学 Q2 MARINE & FRESHWATER BIOLOGY

Journal of Sea Research

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-09-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.seares.2025.102627

Ninon Mavraki , Oscar G. Bos , Babeth van der Weide , Oliver Bittner , Brigitte M. Vlaswinkel , Melina Nalmpanti , Joop W.P. Coolen

Offshore renewable energy is rapidly expanding in the North Sea. Offshore solar is a new renewable energy technology currently developing in the Netherlands, with the first offshore tests of four years at rough conditions being successfully completed. Submerged parts of offshore renewable energy devices get fully colonised by fouling organisms, which take advantage of the new artificial habitats. In this study, we conducted an exploration of the fouling fauna that colonised the floaters of a solar farm installed for the first time in offshore waters in the Netherlands. The biofouling attached to the underwater parts of 18 floaters forming 3 clusters were sampled in a quantitative way by scuba divers. Macrofauna species and biomass were quantified in all samples. In total, 47 different taxa, including 12 non-indigenous species, were identified to occur on the floaters. Arthropoda (mainly individuals of the genus Jassa) was the most abundant phylum, while Mollusca (mainly blue mussel Mytilus edulis) showed the largest biomass. No significant differences in abundance nor biomass were observed between the two months of installation. Non-indigenous species were more abundant in number but contributed less to the total biomass compared to native species on the examined floaters, regardless of the month they were installed. The findings of this study suggest that, like any offshore artificial structure, offshore solar farms could act as stepping-stones for the spread of species. However, long-term monitoring is needed to confirm these results and gain a more comprehensive understanding of the development of fouling fauna on offshore solar farms.

海上可再生能源正在北海迅速扩张。海上太阳能是荷兰目前正在开发的一种新的可再生能源技术，在恶劣条件下进行的为期四年的首次海上测试已成功完成。海上可再生能源装置的水下部分被污染的生物完全占领，这些生物利用了新的人工栖息地。在这项研究中，我们对荷兰近海首次安装的太阳能农场的漂浮物上的污染动物群进行了探索。采用水肺潜水器对3组18个漂浮物水下部分附着的生物污垢进行了定量采样。对所有样本的大型动物种类和生物量进行了定量分析。共鉴定出47个不同的分类群，其中包括12个非本地物种。节肢动物（主要是沙蝇属的个体）生物量最多，软体动物（主要是蓝贻贝）生物量最多。在两个月的安装期间，没有观察到丰度和生物量的显著差异。非本地物种在数量上更丰富，但对总生物量的贡献比本地物种少，无论它们是在哪个月安装的。这项研究的结果表明，像任何海上人工结构一样，海上太阳能农场可以作为物种传播的垫脚石。然而，需要长期监测来证实这些结果，并对近海太阳能农场污染动物的发展有更全面的了解。

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引用次数: 0

First large-scale abundance estimates of fin whales (Balaenoptera physalus) in the North Pacific: Implications for management 北太平洋长须鲸（Balaenoptera physalus）首次大规模丰度估计：对管理的影响

IF 2.9 4区地球科学 Q2 MARINE & FRESHWATER BIOLOGY

Journal of Sea Research

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-11-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.seares.2025.102647

Megumi Takahashi, Koji Matsuoka, Takashi Hakamada

The fin whale (Balaenoptera physalus) was exploited by global commercial whaling well beyond sustainable population levels in most regions since the early 1870s. In the post-whaling era, fin whale populations in several regions may have stabilized or begun recovering from historical depletion. However, large-scale abundance information has remained limited owing to the high operating costs of surveys and the challenges of international cooperation. We report the first large-scale abundance estimates for the entire North Pacific during the boreal summer (July to September) using vessel-based line transect sighting data collected through long-term domestic and international research programs over two periods: 2008–2014 and 2017–2022. During the second period, the survey area included the Bering Sea. Assuming a detection probability on the trackline g(0) of 1, the abundance estimates were 6,633 (CV = 0.453) and 31,835 (CV = 0.264) individuals for the western and eastern North Pacific, respectively, in the first period; and 4,405 (CV = 0.241), 37,297 (CV = 0.181), and 9,885 (CV = 0.201) for the western and eastern North Pacific and Bering Sea, respectively, in the second period. Considering g(0) corrections, the corrected abundance estimates for the entire North Pacific were 44,523 (CV = 0.234) and 45,344 (CV = 0.167) in the first and second periods, respectively. For the Bering Sea, the estimate was 10,234 (CV = 0.202) in the second period. These new estimates are available for the conservation and management purposes of this species in the North Pacific.

自19世纪70年代初以来，长须鲸（Balaenoptera physalus）被全球商业捕鲸所利用，远远超过了大多数地区的可持续人口水平。在后捕鲸时代，一些地区的长须鲸数量可能已经稳定下来，或者开始从历史上的枯竭中恢复过来。但是，由于调查的业务费用高和国际合作的挑战，大规模丰度资料仍然有限。我们报告了整个北太平洋在北方夏季（7月至9月）的第一次大规模丰度估计，使用基于船舶的线样观测数据，这些数据是通过2008-2014年和2017-2022年两个时期的长期国内和国际研究项目收集的。在第二个期间，调查区域包括白令海。假设g(0)的探测概率为1，北太平洋西部和东部第一时期的丰度分别为6633 （CV = 0.453）和31835 （CV = 0.264）个个体；第二阶段北太平洋西部、东部和白令海分别为4405 （CV = 0.241）、37297 （CV = 0.181）和9885 （CV = 0.201）。考虑到g(0)校正，整个北太平洋在第一期和第二期的校正丰度估计分别为44,523 （CV = 0.234）和45,344 （CV = 0.167）。对于白令海，第二个时期的估计数为10,234 （CV = 0.202）。这些新的估计可用于北太平洋该物种的保护和管理目的。

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引用次数: 0

Recent distribution and population structure of the ocean quahog, Arctica islandica (Linnaeus, 1767), in the German waters of the Baltic Sea – Ecological insights and relevance for conservation 波罗的海德国水域北极岛海洋圆蛤的近期分布和种群结构（林奈，1767）——生态学见解和保护的相关性

IF 2.9 4区地球科学 Q2 MARINE & FRESHWATER BIOLOGY

Journal of Sea Research

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-09-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.seares.2025.102630

Louisa Alina Schulz, Mayya Gogina , René Friedland , Fabian Wolf , Katharina Kniesz , Michael Lothar Zettler

Arctica islandica, a long-lived bivalve species, reaches its southern distribution limit in the Baltic Sea, where it plays a key role in benthic ecosystem functioning. In this region, the species is listed as vulnerable, and its main associated biotope holds critically endangered status. Despite its ecological importance, current knowledge of its distribution and population structure in this marginal environment has remained limited.

This study presents the most comprehensive assessment to date of A. islandica in the German waters of the Baltic Sea, integrating species distribution modelling (SDM) with empirical data on population structure. Using Random Forest algorithms and benthic survey data collected between 2015 and 2024, we mapped spatial patterns of abundance and biomass and analysed size-frequency distributions to assess demographic trends.

Arctica islandica was primarily found in fine sediments below the halocline in the central Kiel Bay and the Bay of Mecklenburg, and was absent from shallower coastal zones (<10 m). The recorded maximum shell length of 82.5 mm was smaller than in Atlantic populations, likely due to the brackish conditions. Size-frequency data indicated recent recruitment events alongside high early-life mortality. While the Baltic Sea population appears broadly stable, regional shifts were evident – for example, increased stock biomass in the Arkona Basin but also a population decline in Lübeck Bay.

In the Baltic Sea, A. islandica lives near its physiological tolerance limits, making it particularly susceptible to anthropogenic impacts and climate-driven environmental change. Population hotspots within the Marine Protected Area “Fehmarn Belt” were identified as conservation priorities, supporting both species protection and ecosystem functioning. More broadly, this study demonstrates the utility of SDM in supporting evidence-based marine spatial planning and targeted environmental management.

北极岛（arctic islandica）是一种长寿的双壳类物种，其南部分布极限在波罗的海，在那里它在底栖生态系统功能中起着关键作用。在该地区，该物种被列为易危物种，其主要相关生物群落处于极度濒危状态。尽管其具有重要的生态意义，但目前对其在这一边缘环境中的分布和种群结构的了解仍然有限。本研究结合物种分布模型（SDM）和种群结构的经验数据，对波罗的海德国水域的岛沙蚤进行了迄今为止最全面的评估。利用随机森林算法和2015年至2024年间收集的底栖生物调查数据，我们绘制了丰度和生物量的空间格局，并分析了大小频率分布，以评估人口趋势。北极岛屿主要存在于基尔湾中部和梅克伦堡湾盐斜以下的细粒沉积物中，而在较浅的沿海地带（<10 m）则不存在。记录的最大外壳长度为82.5毫米，比大西洋种群小，可能是由于咸淡环境。尺寸频率数据表明，最近的招募事件与高早期死亡率同时发生。虽然波罗的海的种群数量大致稳定，但区域变化很明显-例如，Arkona盆地的种群生物量增加，但l贝克湾的种群数量也有所下降。在波罗的海，A. islandica生活在其生理耐受极限附近，使其特别容易受到人为影响和气候驱动的环境变化的影响。在海洋保护区“Fehmarn带”内的种群热点被确定为优先保护区域，以支持物种保护和生态系统功能。更广泛地说，本研究证明了SDM在支持基于证据的海洋空间规划和有针对性的环境管理方面的效用。

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引用次数: 0

Exploration of enigmatic pelagic larval oysters (Crassostrea virginica) fostering estuarine restoration of oyster fisheries 探索神秘的远洋幼体牡蛎（珍珠贝）促进牡蛎渔业的河口恢复

IF 2.9 4区地球科学 Q2 MARINE & FRESHWATER BIOLOGY

Journal of Sea Research

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-09-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.seares.2025.102628

Hui Liu , Bailey Lin , Christine C. Jensen , Jaime R. Alvarado-Bremer , Hongsheng Bi , Zhixuan Song , Chengxue Li , Xinping Hu

Dramatic declines in oyster reefs in estuarine ecosystems have drawn considerable attention to oyster restoration; however, most efforts so far have primarily targeted their benthic phase leaving the pelagic oyster larvae largely elusive. In this study, the density, distribution, and size-structure of pelagic larval oysters (Crassostrea virginica) were studied in a subtropical estuary (Galveston Bay, Texas, USA) during the oyster spawning season (May–October) in 2023 and 2024 to assess the impact of environmental conditions on larval dynamics and recruitment. Except for relatively similar thermal conditions, salinity and chlorophyll a (Chl-a) were significantly different between the two years with extremely low salinities observed in May and June of 2024. Larval density was significantly related to sites and months, with relatively lower densities observed at 9 of 11 sites and 4 of 6 months in 2024 compared to 2023. Size structures of pelagic larvae exhibited significant differences between the early-middle (May–August) and late (September–October) spawning periods, with abundant small-sized individuals (70–200 μm) gradually shifting to less abundant large-sized individuals (>250 μm). A breakdown of the life stages showed higher percentages of Stages 1&2 and lower percentages of Stage 5 over the two spawning seasons. Salinity was the most important environmental factor influencing the larval density followed by its interaction with water temperature, water temperature and Chl-a. Geostatistical co-kriging analysis disclosed relatively high larval density in the upper bay, East Bay, and West Bay in 2023, while in 2024 higher density was found along the western shoreline down to West Bay. Early-stage larvae appeared denser in the lower bay compared to the middle bay and upper bay in 2023, whereas abundant late-stage larvae emerged in the lower bay in 2023. In the northern inshore zone, denser early-stage larvae occurred in 2024, meanwhile late-stage larvae appeared relatively abundant, especially in the northwest and southwest regions. Finding areas with higher densities of early- and late-stage pelagic oyster larvae may help identify larval sources and sinks. These insights can better inform the strategic placement of oyster sanctuaries and enhance the effectiveness of restoration and management efforts for this economically and ecologically important marine living resource.

河口生态系统中牡蛎礁的急剧减少引起了人们对牡蛎恢复的极大关注；然而，到目前为止，大多数努力主要针对的是它们的底栖期，这使得远洋牡蛎幼虫基本上难以捉摸。本研究在2023年和2024年的牡蛎产卵季节（5 - 10月），对美国德克萨斯州加尔维斯顿湾（Galveston Bay， USA）亚热带河口的远洋牡蛎（Crassostrea virginica）幼虫的密度、分布和大小结构进行了研究，以评估环境条件对幼虫动态和招募的影响。在2024年5月和6月的极低盐度年份中，除热条件相对相似外，盐度和叶绿素a （Chl-a）差异显著。幼虫密度与地点和月份显著相关，2024年11个地点中有9个地点和6个月中有4个地点的幼虫密度低于2023年。中前期（5 ~ 8月）和后期（9 ~ 10月）产卵期幼虫的尺寸结构存在显著差异，大量的小尺寸个体（70 ~ 200 μm）逐渐向较少的大尺寸个体（250 μm）转移。生命阶段的细分显示，在两个产卵季节中，阶段1和阶段2的百分比较高，阶段5的百分比较低。盐度是影响幼虫密度的最主要环境因子，其次是与水温、水温和Chl-a的交互作用。地质统计共克里格分析显示，2023年上湾、东湾和西湾的幼虫密度相对较高，而2024年西岸线至西湾的幼虫密度较高。2023年，下湾的早期幼虫密度高于中湾和上湾，而下湾的后期幼虫数量较多。2024年北部近岸区早期幼虫密度较大，晚期幼虫相对丰富，西北和西南地区尤为明显。寻找早期和晚期浮游牡蛎幼虫密度较高的地区可能有助于确定幼虫的来源和汇。这些见解可以更好地为牡蛎保护区的战略布局提供信息，并提高这种经济和生态上重要的海洋生物资源的恢复和管理工作的有效性。

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引用次数: 0

Unraveling deepwater oil blowouts at different depths: A coupled experimental and modeling study 在不同深度解开深水石油井喷：一个耦合的实验和模型研究

IF 2.9 4区地球科学 Q2 MARINE & FRESHWATER BIOLOGY

Journal of Sea Research

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-10-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.seares.2025.102637

Qin Xin , Zhaoyang Yang , Zhi Chen , Kenneth Lee

Recent offshore oil spill incidents have raised public concern over subsea blowouts in oil and gas operations. To improve and validate the accuracy of current oil spill models the scientific community has identified the need for additional experimental data under deepwater environmental conditions. This study intends to address this challenge through laboratory experiments simulating oil blowouts under various high-pressure subsea conditions. Results of critical constituents such as benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylenes (BTEX), total polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), and total oil content in water columns improved our understanding of the chemical composition of deepwater oil spills. Microscopy analysis revealed that most oil droplets suspended in the water had diameters of less than 20 μm, constituting over 98 % of the total extractable oil mass. Dissolved BTEX and total PAHs accounted for less than 2 % of the total extractable oil. Our findings showed that as the blowout depth increased, the resulting oil concentration in water also increased. Water temperature and pressure significantly affected the retention of small oil droplets in the water at near-blowout locations. These results provide key insights into deepwater oil behavior and offer valuable data for testing and validation of developed and developing oil spill models.

最近的海上石油泄漏事件引起了公众对石油和天然气作业中海底井喷的关注。为了提高和验证当前溢油模型的准确性，科学界已经确定需要在深水环境条件下提供更多的实验数据。本研究旨在通过模拟各种高压海底条件下的石油井喷的实验室实验来解决这一挑战。水柱中苯、甲苯、乙苯和二甲苯（BTEX）、总多环芳烃（PAHs）和总含油量等关键成分的测定结果提高了我们对深水溢油化学成分的认识。显微镜分析表明，悬浮在水中的油滴直径大多小于20 μm，占可提取油总量的98%以上。溶解BTEX和总PAHs占总可萃取油的比例不到2%。我们的研究结果表明，随着井喷深度的增加，水中的油浓度也随之增加。水温和水压显著影响了近井喷位置水中小油滴的滞留。这些结果提供了对深水石油行为的关键见解，并为测试和验证已开发和正在开发的溢油模型提供了有价值的数据。

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引用次数: 0

Beachface steepness modulates erosion but not recovery: Multi-decadal spatiotemporal shoreline evidence across 390 transects 滩面陡度调节侵蚀而非恢复：390个样带的多年时空海岸线证据

IF 2.9 4区地球科学 Q2 MARINE & FRESHWATER BIOLOGY

Journal of Sea Research

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-11-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.seares.2025.102644

Ahmet Durap

Beachface steepness is widely thought to modulate storm cut, long-term shoreline trend, and post-event recovery, but multi-decadal, transect-scale evidence is scarce. In this study, it was quantified how beachface slope relates to (i) event-scale shoreline retreat, (ii) recovery time, and (iii) net multi-decadal shoreline movement. Two sites (IDs aus0032 and aus0033) comprising 390 cross-shore transects and 194,867 shoreline positions from 1987 to 05–22 to 2025-05-06. Mean slopes: 0.053 (aus0032) and 0.051 (aus0033); slope ranges: 0.045–0.080 and 0.030–0.185. Long-term linear trends span 0.13 → 0.94 m yr⁻¹ (all 87 transects accreting) at aus0032 and − 22.86 → +5.91 m yr⁻¹ at aus0033 (210 accreting, 91 eroding, 2 near-zero). Time series were resampled monthly and quality-controlled. Erosive events were flagged when month-to-month shoreline change ≤ −5 m. Recovery time was the months required to return to within 1 m of the pre-event level (pre-event window = 3 months; search window = 24 months). Associations between slope and (a) retreat magnitude and (b) recovery time were tested using Spearman rank correlation and OLS with robust (HC1) errors; slope–trend associations were also evaluated. Steeper beachfaces experienced smaller typical monthly retreats. Spearman ρ for slope vs median negative monthly change was 0.25 (p = 0.0206) at aus0032, 0.39 (p = 2.7 × 10⁻¹²) at aus0033, and 0.32 overall (p = 8.3 × 10⁻¹¹). OLS effect sizes indicate that a 0.01 increase in slope reduced (made less negative) the median retreat by ∼0.31 m (aus0032) and ∼ 0.21 m (aus0033). Severe retreats (5th percentile) also weakened with slope: ∼0.64 m and ∼ 0.23 m per 0.01 slope at aus0032 and aus0033, respectively (both p < 0.02). Typical monthly negatives centred near −5.7 m (aus0032) and − 5.4 m (aus0033); 5th-percentile shocks were ∼ −16 m at both sites. Median recovery times were 5 months (aus0032; n = 8115 events) and 6 months (aus0033; n = 24,649), with 90th percentiles 17–18 months. Recovery time showed no robust monotonic relationship with slope (all |ρ| ≤ 0.07, p ≥ 0.15). Slope had little explanatory power for multi-decadal trend across all transects (Pearson r ≈ −0.08; Spearman ρ ≈ 0.10, p = 0.044 overall), with site-specific nuance (weak negative monotonic association at aus0032; none at aus0033). Beachface steepness buffers monthly-scale retreat but does not reliably predict decadal accretion/erosion or post-event recovery time. Half of events recover within ∼6 months, yet tail events can take >1.5 years. Management should treat slope as a short-term resilience indicator, while decadal shoreline change and recovery pace likely depend more on alongshore sediment supply, nearshore morphology, and forcing histories.

滩面陡度被广泛认为可以调节风暴切割、长期海岸线趋势和事件后恢复，但几十年的、横断面尺度的证据很少。在这项研究中，量化了滩面坡度与(i)事件尺度的海岸线退缩，（ii）恢复时间和（iii）多年来的净海岸线运动的关系。两个地点（编号aus0032及aus0033）由1987年至05-22至2025-05-06期间，包括390个跨海岸样带及194,867个海岸线位置。平均斜率：0.053 （aus0032）和0.051 (aus0033)；坡度范围：0.045-0.080和0.030-0.185。在aus0032和aus0033的长期线性趋势跨度为0.13→0.94 m yr - 1（全部87个断面都是增生）和- 22.86→+5.91 m yr - 1（210个断面是增生，91个断面是侵蚀，2个接近于零）。时间序列每月重新采样并进行质量控制。当海岸线逐月变化≤- 5 m时，侵蚀事件被标记。恢复时间为恢复到事件前水平1 m范围内所需的月份（事件前窗口= 3个月；搜索窗口= 24个月）。坡度与(a)后退幅度和(b)恢复时间之间的关联使用Spearman秩相关和OLS进行检验，OLS具有鲁棒性（HC1）误差；斜率趋势关联也进行了评估。陡峭的海滩面经历了较小的典型月度撤退。斜率与中位数负月变化的Spearman ρ在aus0032时为0.25 (p = 0.0206)，在aus0033时为0.39 (p = 2.7 × 10−12)，总体为0.32 （p = 8.3 × 10−11）。OLS效应大小表明，坡度增加0.01会使中位后退减少（不那么负）~ 0.31 m （aus0032）和~ 0.21 m （aus0033）。严重退退（第5百分位）也随坡度而减弱：在aus0032和aus0033分别为每0.01个坡度0.64 m和0.23 m （p < 0.02）。典型的月负集中在- 5.7 m （aus0032）和- 5.4 m （aus0033）附近；两个部位的第5百分位冲击均为−16 m。中位恢复时间为5个月（aus0032, n = 8115）和6个月（aus0033, n = 24,649），第90百分位数为17-18个月。恢复时间与斜率无显著单调关系（均为|ρ|≤0.07,p≥0.15）。斜率对所有样带的多年代际趋势几乎没有解释力（Pearson r≈−0.08;Spearman ρ≈0.10，总体p = 0.044），具有位点特异性的细微差别（在aus0032处呈弱负单调关联，在aus0033处无关联）。滩面陡度缓冲了月尺度的退缩，但不能可靠地预测年代际增生/侵蚀或事件后恢复时间。一半的事件在6个月内恢复，而尾事件可能需要1.5年。管理层应将坡度视为短期恢复力指标，而年代际海岸线变化和恢复速度可能更多地取决于沿岸沉积物供应、近岸形态和强迫历史。

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引用次数: 0

Variation in ecosystem services within biogenic reefs: The role of reef-building species under distinct hydrodynamic conditions 生物礁内生态系统服务的变化：不同水动力条件下造礁物种的作用

IF 2.9 4区地球科学 Q2 MARINE & FRESHWATER BIOLOGY

Journal of Sea Research

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-11-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.seares.2025.102650

Rémi Dupont , Alexia Semeraro , Brecht Stechele , Tomas Sterckx , Gert Van Hoey , Thomas Vandorpe , Katrien Van der Biest

To enhance the climate resilience of coastlines, measures are being implemented to protect and restore coastal ecosystems, such as biogenic reefs and dunes. These measures, known as Nature-based Solutions (NbS), provide protection against storms, coastal erosion, and flooding. They are also recognised for increasing biodiversity and delivering a range of ecosystem services (ES). This study investigated the ES provided by biogenic reefs composed of two reef-building species (Mytilus edulis and Lanice conchilega) under distinct hydrodynamic conditions. Three ES were assessed at two sites in the Belgian part of the North Sea: (1) coastal protection, (2) carbon sequestration, and (3) water quality regulation. The two sites have different hydrodynamic conditions due to their relative locations in relation to local sandbanks, making one site more exposed and the other more sheltered. The ES were quantified and monetised using in-situ measurements and literature data based on the SUstainable Marine Ecosystem Services (SUMES) model. The results suggest that the provision of ES in biogenic reefs is determined by multiple factors, including environmental conditions (e.g. hydrodynamics) and reef-building species. (1) Sediment accumulation was only observed under low hydrodynamic conditions, due to the higher settlement success of M. edulis and the presence of L. conchilega. (2) M. edulis “produces” carbon under both low and high hydrodynamic conditions, due to high respiration and biocalcification rates. However, low hydrodynamic conditions are more conducive to carbon burial, thus enhancing carbon sequestration. (3) M. edulis patches exhibited higher denitrification rates under low hydrodynamic conditions than under high hydrodynamic conditions or in L. conchilega patches, due to divergent macrobenthic functional diversity. In conclusion, the level of ES provision is determined by location and associated environmental conditions, as well as temporal and spatial variation in biogenic reefs and the physiological characteristics of reef builders. Therefore, both aspects need to be carefully considered when planning coastal protection measures and determining the provision of ES. Finally, when implementing NbS along high-energy coastlines, sheltered sites should be prioritised.

为了增强海岸线的气候适应能力，正在采取措施保护和恢复沿海生态系统，如生物礁和沙丘。这些措施被称为基于自然的解决方案（NbS），可以抵御风暴、海岸侵蚀和洪水。它们还因增加生物多样性和提供一系列生态系统服务（ES）而得到认可。研究了由两种造礁物种（Mytilus edulis和Lanice conchilega）组成的生物礁在不同水动力条件下提供的ES。在北海比利时部分的两个地点对三个ES进行了评估：(1)海岸保护，(2)碳封存和(3)水质调节。这两个地点由于与当地沙洲的相对位置而具有不同的水动力条件，使一个地点更暴露，另一个地点更隐蔽。利用基于可持续海洋生态系统服务（SUMES）模型的原位测量和文献数据，对ES进行了量化和货币化。结果表明，生物礁中ES的供应受环境条件（如水动力）和造礁物种等多种因素的影响。(1)在低水动力条件下，由于毛蕊草的沉降成功率较高，以及松茸草的存在，只能观察到沉积物的堆积。(2)由于高呼吸和生物钙化速率，毛竹在低和高水动力条件下都“产生”碳。而低水动力条件更有利于碳埋藏，从而增强碳固存。(3)由于大型底栖生物功能多样性的差异，低水动力条件下毛竹斑块的反硝化速率高于高水动力条件下或松茸斑块。综上所述，ES的供应水平取决于地理位置和相关环境条件，以及生物礁的时空变化和造礁者的生理特征。因此，在规划海岸保护措施和决定是否提供ES时，需要仔细考虑这两个方面。最后，在沿高能量海岸线实施国家统计局时，应优先考虑有遮蔽的地点。

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引用次数: 0