Pub Date : 2023-06-08DOI: 10.1027/0269-8803/a000319
W. Sannita
{"title":"Probabilistic Noise and Human Electrophysiology","authors":"W. Sannita","doi":"10.1027/0269-8803/a000319","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1027/0269-8803/a000319","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50075,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Psychophysiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46686440","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-08DOI: 10.1027/0269-8803/a000320
W. O’Brien, Tanya S. Watford, C. X. Lim, Tracy Sims, S. Jarukasemthawee, K. Pisitsungkagarn, P. Suvanbenjakule, Supalak Settawacharawanich
Abstract: Psychophysiological researchers have demonstrated that the orienting response is characterized by heart rate (HR) decreases and high-frequency heart rate variability (HF-HRV) increases. The defensive response is characterized by HR increases and HF-HRV decreases. In this study, HR and HF-HRV reactivity to a visual stimulus designed to elicit an orienting response (surgery video) and a cognitive task designed to elicit a defensive response (Trier Social Stress Test, math task) were measured among 81 undergraduate students. The order of stimuli presentation was counterbalanced. The expected pattern of reactivity was observed (decreased HR and increased HF-HRV during the video condition; increased HR and decreased HF-HRV during the cognitive math task). The order of stimulus presentation significantly influenced HF-HRV reactivity. When the video stimulus was presented first, a large and significant increase in HF-HRV was observed which indicated vagal activation. When the video stimulus followed the cognitive math task stimulus, lower levels of HF-HRV reactivity and vagal activation were observed. This suggests exposure to the cognitive math task elicited a defensive response that suppressed subsequent orienting responses. Theoretical, psychophysiological, and practical implications of the observed results and future psychophysiological research directions are discussed.
{"title":"An Examination of the Orienting and Defensive Responses Using HR and HF-HRV","authors":"W. O’Brien, Tanya S. Watford, C. X. Lim, Tracy Sims, S. Jarukasemthawee, K. Pisitsungkagarn, P. Suvanbenjakule, Supalak Settawacharawanich","doi":"10.1027/0269-8803/a000320","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1027/0269-8803/a000320","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract: Psychophysiological researchers have demonstrated that the orienting response is characterized by heart rate (HR) decreases and high-frequency heart rate variability (HF-HRV) increases. The defensive response is characterized by HR increases and HF-HRV decreases. In this study, HR and HF-HRV reactivity to a visual stimulus designed to elicit an orienting response (surgery video) and a cognitive task designed to elicit a defensive response (Trier Social Stress Test, math task) were measured among 81 undergraduate students. The order of stimuli presentation was counterbalanced. The expected pattern of reactivity was observed (decreased HR and increased HF-HRV during the video condition; increased HR and decreased HF-HRV during the cognitive math task). The order of stimulus presentation significantly influenced HF-HRV reactivity. When the video stimulus was presented first, a large and significant increase in HF-HRV was observed which indicated vagal activation. When the video stimulus followed the cognitive math task stimulus, lower levels of HF-HRV reactivity and vagal activation were observed. This suggests exposure to the cognitive math task elicited a defensive response that suppressed subsequent orienting responses. Theoretical, psychophysiological, and practical implications of the observed results and future psychophysiological research directions are discussed.","PeriodicalId":50075,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Psychophysiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46073023","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-01DOI: 10.1027/0269-8803/a000308
Nicolas Silvestrini, Corrado Corradi-Dell’Acqua
Abstract: Theoretical accounts of pain and empirical evidence indicate that pain and cognitive control share common neurocognitive processes. Numerous studies have examined the interactions between pain and cognitive performance when they occur simultaneously, typically showing analgesic effects on task performance and impaired performance due to pain. However, the sequential impact of pain on cognitive control and effort remains less clear. This study investigated the influence of a first task, including painful vs. non-painful thermal stimuli, on effort-related cardiac response and performance in a subsequent moderately difficult cognitive task. Drawing on the hypothesis that experiencing pain should recruit cognitive resources (such as attention and working memory) and reduce perceived ability, we predicted lower task performance and/or stronger compensatory effort in the subsequent cognitive task after the painful than after the non-painful first task. Results support our predictions regarding the effect of pain on subsequent cognitive performance, which was moderately lower after the painful task. However, such a decrease in task proficiency was not associated with a comparable decrease in perceived capacity or increase in effort-related cardiac reactivity. Nevertheless, further correlational analyses indicated that effort and perceived capacity were significantly related to pain ratings. Moderate pain was associated with stronger effort during the cognitive task, whereas high pain led to disengagement, that is, a low effort. Moreover, in line with our predictions, higher pain ratings were associated with a lower self-reported capacity to perform the cognitive task. We discuss these findings regarding the relationship between effort and performance, the impact of fatigue on motivation, and interindividual variability in these after-effects.
{"title":"The Impact of Pain on Subsequent Effort and Cognitive Performance","authors":"Nicolas Silvestrini, Corrado Corradi-Dell’Acqua","doi":"10.1027/0269-8803/a000308","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1027/0269-8803/a000308","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract: Theoretical accounts of pain and empirical evidence indicate that pain and cognitive control share common neurocognitive processes. Numerous studies have examined the interactions between pain and cognitive performance when they occur simultaneously, typically showing analgesic effects on task performance and impaired performance due to pain. However, the sequential impact of pain on cognitive control and effort remains less clear. This study investigated the influence of a first task, including painful vs. non-painful thermal stimuli, on effort-related cardiac response and performance in a subsequent moderately difficult cognitive task. Drawing on the hypothesis that experiencing pain should recruit cognitive resources (such as attention and working memory) and reduce perceived ability, we predicted lower task performance and/or stronger compensatory effort in the subsequent cognitive task after the painful than after the non-painful first task. Results support our predictions regarding the effect of pain on subsequent cognitive performance, which was moderately lower after the painful task. However, such a decrease in task proficiency was not associated with a comparable decrease in perceived capacity or increase in effort-related cardiac reactivity. Nevertheless, further correlational analyses indicated that effort and perceived capacity were significantly related to pain ratings. Moderate pain was associated with stronger effort during the cognitive task, whereas high pain led to disengagement, that is, a low effort. Moreover, in line with our predictions, higher pain ratings were associated with a lower self-reported capacity to perform the cognitive task. We discuss these findings regarding the relationship between effort and performance, the impact of fatigue on motivation, and interindividual variability in these after-effects.","PeriodicalId":50075,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Psychophysiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135822408","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-01DOI: 10.1027/0269-8803/a000304
Walter G. Sannita
Time, Consciousness, and the Readiness PotentialWalter G. SannitaWalter G. SannitaWalter G. Sannita, Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, University of Genova, 3, Largo P. Daneo, 16132 Genova, Italy[email protected] Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics and Mother/child sciences (DINOGMI), University of Genova, Italy Search for more papers by this authorPublished Online:June 27, 2022https://doi.org/10.1027/0269-8803/a000304PDFView Full Text ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack Citations ShareShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInReddit SectionsMoreReferences Bader, F., & Wiener, M. (2021). Awareness of errors and feedback in human time estimation. Learning & Memory, 28(5), 171–177. https://doi.org/10.1101/lm.053108.120 First citation in articleCrossref, Google Scholar Binda, P., & Morrone, M. C. (2018). Vision during saccadic eye movements. Annual Review of Vision Science, 4, 193–213. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-vision-091517-034317 First citation in articleCrossref, Google Scholar Boly, M., Seth, A. K., Wilke, M., Ingmundson, P., Baars, B., Laureys, S., Edelman, D. B., & Tsuchiya, N. (2013). Consciousness in humans and non-human animals: Recent advances and future directions. Frontiers in Psychology, 4, Article 625. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2013.00625 First citation in articleCrossref, Google Scholar Buhusi, C. V., & Meck, W. H. (2009). Relative time sharing: New findings and an extension of the resource allocation model of temporal processing. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London: Series B, Biological Sciences, 364(1525), 1875–1885. https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2009.0022 First citation in articleCrossref, Google Scholar Buzsáki, G., Geisler, C., Henze, D. A., & Wang, X. J. (2004). Interneuron Diversity series: Circuit complexity and axon wiring economy of cortical interneurons. Trends in Neurosciences, 27(4), 186–193. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tins.2004.02.007 First citation in articleCrossref, Google Scholar Celesia, G. G., & Sannita, W. G. (2013). Can patients in vegetative state experience pain and have conscious awareness? Neurology, 80(4), 328–329. https://doi.org/10.1212/WNL.0b013e31827f0928 First citation in articleCrossref, Google Scholar Cook, N. D., Carvalho, G. B., & Damasio, A. (2014). From membrane excitability to metazoan psychology. Trends in Neurosciences, 37(12), 698–705. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tins.2014.07.011 First citation in articleCrossref, Google Scholar De Corte, B. J., Navarro, V. M., & Wasserman, E. A. (2017). Non-cortical magnitude coding of space and time by pigeons. Current Biology, 27(23), R1264–R1265. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2017.10.029 First citation in articleCrossref, Google Scholar Deecke, L., Weinberg, H., & Brickett, P. (1982). Magnetic fields of the human brain accompanying voluntary movement: Bereitschaftsmagnetfeld. Experimental Brain Research, 48(1), 144–148. https://doi.org/10
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{"title":"Time, Consciousness, and the Readiness Potential","authors":"Walter G. Sannita","doi":"10.1027/0269-8803/a000304","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1027/0269-8803/a000304","url":null,"abstract":"Time, Consciousness, and the Readiness PotentialWalter G. SannitaWalter G. SannitaWalter G. Sannita, Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, University of Genova, 3, Largo P. Daneo, 16132 Genova, Italy[email protected] Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics and Mother/child sciences (DINOGMI), University of Genova, Italy Search for more papers by this authorPublished Online:June 27, 2022https://doi.org/10.1027/0269-8803/a000304PDFView Full Text ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack Citations ShareShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInReddit SectionsMoreReferences Bader, F., & Wiener, M. (2021). Awareness of errors and feedback in human time estimation. Learning & Memory, 28(5), 171–177. https://doi.org/10.1101/lm.053108.120 First citation in articleCrossref, Google Scholar Binda, P., & Morrone, M. C. (2018). Vision during saccadic eye movements. Annual Review of Vision Science, 4, 193–213. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-vision-091517-034317 First citation in articleCrossref, Google Scholar Boly, M., Seth, A. K., Wilke, M., Ingmundson, P., Baars, B., Laureys, S., Edelman, D. B., & Tsuchiya, N. (2013). Consciousness in humans and non-human animals: Recent advances and future directions. Frontiers in Psychology, 4, Article 625. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2013.00625 First citation in articleCrossref, Google Scholar Buhusi, C. V., & Meck, W. H. (2009). Relative time sharing: New findings and an extension of the resource allocation model of temporal processing. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London: Series B, Biological Sciences, 364(1525), 1875–1885. https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2009.0022 First citation in articleCrossref, Google Scholar Buzsáki, G., Geisler, C., Henze, D. A., & Wang, X. J. (2004). Interneuron Diversity series: Circuit complexity and axon wiring economy of cortical interneurons. Trends in Neurosciences, 27(4), 186–193. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tins.2004.02.007 First citation in articleCrossref, Google Scholar Celesia, G. G., & Sannita, W. G. (2013). Can patients in vegetative state experience pain and have conscious awareness? Neurology, 80(4), 328–329. https://doi.org/10.1212/WNL.0b013e31827f0928 First citation in articleCrossref, Google Scholar Cook, N. D., Carvalho, G. B., & Damasio, A. (2014). From membrane excitability to metazoan psychology. Trends in Neurosciences, 37(12), 698–705. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tins.2014.07.011 First citation in articleCrossref, Google Scholar De Corte, B. J., Navarro, V. M., & Wasserman, E. A. (2017). Non-cortical magnitude coding of space and time by pigeons. Current Biology, 27(23), R1264–R1265. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2017.10.029 First citation in articleCrossref, Google Scholar Deecke, L., Weinberg, H., & Brickett, P. (1982). Magnetic fields of the human brain accompanying voluntary movement: Bereitschaftsmagnetfeld. Experimental Brain Research, 48(1), 144–148. https://doi.org/10","PeriodicalId":50075,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Psychophysiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136186803","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-19DOI: 10.1027/0269-8803/a000318
Emily E. Jones, Kayla A. Kreutzer, Charles A. Manzler, Emily G. Evans, S. Gorka
Abstract. Studies suggest that individuals with a history of trauma exposure display abnormal reactivity to threat, though the pattern of findings across prior studies has been inconsistent. At least two factors likely contribute to previous discrepant findings: (1) the type of index trauma event and (2) the type of threat paradigm. Accordingly, the current study aimed to examine the impact of trauma type on a specific psychophysiological index of threat sensitivity – error negativity (Ne), also described as error-related negativity (ERN). Young adults were classified into three groups: lifetime history of interpersonal trauma (i.e., sexual assault, physical assault, or immediate family violence; n = 30), lifetime history of a non-interpersonal trauma (e.g., accidents, natural disasters; n = 30), or no lifetime history of trauma ( n = 64). All participants completed a well-validated flanker task designed to elicit the Ne/ERN during continuous electroencephalographic (EEG) data collection. Results indicated that individuals with non-interpersonal trauma exposure displayed reduced Ne/ERN amplitude compared with the other two groups (who did not differ from each other). Broadly, these findings highlight the importance of trauma type and theory suggesting different forms of trauma may result in different neurobiological profiles. These findings also add to a growing literature indicating that non-interpersonal traumas may be uniquely associated with blunted threat sensitivity and deficiencies in self-monitoring.
{"title":"Type of Trauma Exposure Impacts Neural Reactivity to Errors","authors":"Emily E. Jones, Kayla A. Kreutzer, Charles A. Manzler, Emily G. Evans, S. Gorka","doi":"10.1027/0269-8803/a000318","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1027/0269-8803/a000318","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Studies suggest that individuals with a history of trauma exposure display abnormal reactivity to threat, though the pattern of findings across prior studies has been inconsistent. At least two factors likely contribute to previous discrepant findings: (1) the type of index trauma event and (2) the type of threat paradigm. Accordingly, the current study aimed to examine the impact of trauma type on a specific psychophysiological index of threat sensitivity – error negativity (Ne), also described as error-related negativity (ERN). Young adults were classified into three groups: lifetime history of interpersonal trauma (i.e., sexual assault, physical assault, or immediate family violence; n = 30), lifetime history of a non-interpersonal trauma (e.g., accidents, natural disasters; n = 30), or no lifetime history of trauma ( n = 64). All participants completed a well-validated flanker task designed to elicit the Ne/ERN during continuous electroencephalographic (EEG) data collection. Results indicated that individuals with non-interpersonal trauma exposure displayed reduced Ne/ERN amplitude compared with the other two groups (who did not differ from each other). Broadly, these findings highlight the importance of trauma type and theory suggesting different forms of trauma may result in different neurobiological profiles. These findings also add to a growing literature indicating that non-interpersonal traumas may be uniquely associated with blunted threat sensitivity and deficiencies in self-monitoring.","PeriodicalId":50075,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Psychophysiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-01-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45249109","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-19DOI: 10.1027/0269-8803/a000317
Angelica M. Tinga, N. Menger, Tycho T. de Back, M. Louwerse
Abstract. Research in young adults has demonstrated that neurophysiological measures are able to provide insight into learning processes. However, to date, it remains unclear whether neurophysiological changes during learning in older adults are comparable to those in younger adults. The current study addressed this issue by exploring age differences in changes over time in a range of neurophysiological outcome measures collected during visuomotor sequence learning. Specifically, measures of electroencephalography (EEG), skin conductance, heart rate, heart rate variability, respiration rate, and eye-related measures, in addition to behavioral performance measures, were collected in younger ( Mage = 27.24 years) and older adults ( Mage = 58.06 years) during learning. Behavioral responses became more accurate over time in both age groups during visuomotor sequence learning. Yet, older adults needed more time in each trial to enhance the precision of their movement. Changes in EEG during learning demonstrated a stronger increase in theta power in older compared to younger adults and a decrease in gamma power in older adults while increasing slightly in younger adults. No such differences between the two age groups were found on other neurophysiological outcome measures, suggesting changes in brain activity during learning to be more sensitive to age differences than changes in peripheral physiology. Additionally, differences in which neurophysiological outcomes were associated with behavioral performance on the learning task were found between younger and older adults. This indicates that the neurophysiological underpinnings of learning may differ between younger and older adults. Therefore, the current findings highlight the importance of taking age into account when aiming to gain insight into behavioral performance through neurophysiology during learning.
{"title":"Age Differences in Learning-Related Neurophysiological Changes","authors":"Angelica M. Tinga, N. Menger, Tycho T. de Back, M. Louwerse","doi":"10.1027/0269-8803/a000317","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1027/0269-8803/a000317","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Research in young adults has demonstrated that neurophysiological measures are able to provide insight into learning processes. However, to date, it remains unclear whether neurophysiological changes during learning in older adults are comparable to those in younger adults. The current study addressed this issue by exploring age differences in changes over time in a range of neurophysiological outcome measures collected during visuomotor sequence learning. Specifically, measures of electroencephalography (EEG), skin conductance, heart rate, heart rate variability, respiration rate, and eye-related measures, in addition to behavioral performance measures, were collected in younger ( Mage = 27.24 years) and older adults ( Mage = 58.06 years) during learning. Behavioral responses became more accurate over time in both age groups during visuomotor sequence learning. Yet, older adults needed more time in each trial to enhance the precision of their movement. Changes in EEG during learning demonstrated a stronger increase in theta power in older compared to younger adults and a decrease in gamma power in older adults while increasing slightly in younger adults. No such differences between the two age groups were found on other neurophysiological outcome measures, suggesting changes in brain activity during learning to be more sensitive to age differences than changes in peripheral physiology. Additionally, differences in which neurophysiological outcomes were associated with behavioral performance on the learning task were found between younger and older adults. This indicates that the neurophysiological underpinnings of learning may differ between younger and older adults. Therefore, the current findings highlight the importance of taking age into account when aiming to gain insight into behavioral performance through neurophysiology during learning.","PeriodicalId":50075,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Psychophysiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-01-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44592524","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-13DOI: 10.1027/0269-8803/a000314
L. Redondo-Flórez, V. Clemente-Suárez
Abstract. The aim of the present study was to analyze the psychophysiological stress response of novel pharmacy and biotechnology students in chemistry laboratory practices. Autonomic stress response was analyzed in 66 students by considering heart rate variability (HRV) values before, during, and after their first laboratory practice, as well as their distress perception before and after this activity. In the laboratory practice, students had to deal with toxic products, sharp objects, or irritating substances while being examined by the teachers. Consistent with a large anticipatory anxiety response at the beginning of the practice, results showed low HRV values, generally related to a typical sympathetic modulation. This sympathetic effect persisted during the entire laboratory practice. Moreover, just after the end of the practice, there was an attenuation of the sympathetic activation and a takeover by the parasympathetic system, as revealed by the increase of HRV parameters. Laboratory practices performed by novel Pharmacy and Biotechnology students did not produce the expected habituation response at psychophysiological level since, in addition to an anticipatory anxiety response observed prior to the laboratory practice, a high sympathetic autonomic activation was observed during the whole practice. In brief, using HRV parameters could be a useful tool to analyze stress responses in students and to help them with new strategies to improve routine evaluation procedures.
{"title":"Psychophysiological Stress Response of Novel Students in Chemical Laboratory Practices","authors":"L. Redondo-Flórez, V. Clemente-Suárez","doi":"10.1027/0269-8803/a000314","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1027/0269-8803/a000314","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. The aim of the present study was to analyze the psychophysiological stress response of novel pharmacy and biotechnology students in chemistry laboratory practices. Autonomic stress response was analyzed in 66 students by considering heart rate variability (HRV) values before, during, and after their first laboratory practice, as well as their distress perception before and after this activity. In the laboratory practice, students had to deal with toxic products, sharp objects, or irritating substances while being examined by the teachers. Consistent with a large anticipatory anxiety response at the beginning of the practice, results showed low HRV values, generally related to a typical sympathetic modulation. This sympathetic effect persisted during the entire laboratory practice. Moreover, just after the end of the practice, there was an attenuation of the sympathetic activation and a takeover by the parasympathetic system, as revealed by the increase of HRV parameters. Laboratory practices performed by novel Pharmacy and Biotechnology students did not produce the expected habituation response at psychophysiological level since, in addition to an anticipatory anxiety response observed prior to the laboratory practice, a high sympathetic autonomic activation was observed during the whole practice. In brief, using HRV parameters could be a useful tool to analyze stress responses in students and to help them with new strategies to improve routine evaluation procedures.","PeriodicalId":50075,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Psychophysiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2022-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49172434","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-13DOI: 10.1027/0269-8803/a000316
Lahai A M Wicks, D. Baldwin, Matthew T. Richesin
Abstract. This study aimed to examine the effects of different sensory modality presentations of disgusting stimuli on aspects of immunity (behavioral and physiological) and affect in men and women. Sixty-four college students participated, and all participants were randomly assigned to one of four groups based on sensory modality stimuli type (visual or olfactory) and manipulation (experimental or control). Results indicated that olfactory stimuli were rated as more disgusting than visual stimuli. When collapsed across sensory modality, females tended to self-report greater disgust sensitivity than males. Overall, there was a significant negative association between disgust ratings and changes in resting heart rate (HR). Baseline salivary immunoglobulin A (SIgA) concentration was significantly positively correlated with disgust ratings in men. Our findings suggest that the behavioral and physiological immune systems are indeed coordinated, but future studies are needed to examine the extent to which multisensory disgusting cues influence immune system responses as a function of gender.
{"title":"Disgust-Eliciting Pathogen Threats and Salivary Immune Responses","authors":"Lahai A M Wicks, D. Baldwin, Matthew T. Richesin","doi":"10.1027/0269-8803/a000316","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1027/0269-8803/a000316","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. This study aimed to examine the effects of different sensory modality presentations of disgusting stimuli on aspects of immunity (behavioral and physiological) and affect in men and women. Sixty-four college students participated, and all participants were randomly assigned to one of four groups based on sensory modality stimuli type (visual or olfactory) and manipulation (experimental or control). Results indicated that olfactory stimuli were rated as more disgusting than visual stimuli. When collapsed across sensory modality, females tended to self-report greater disgust sensitivity than males. Overall, there was a significant negative association between disgust ratings and changes in resting heart rate (HR). Baseline salivary immunoglobulin A (SIgA) concentration was significantly positively correlated with disgust ratings in men. Our findings suggest that the behavioral and physiological immune systems are indeed coordinated, but future studies are needed to examine the extent to which multisensory disgusting cues influence immune system responses as a function of gender.","PeriodicalId":50075,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Psychophysiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2022-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45879393","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-13DOI: 10.1027/0269-8803/a000315
A. Ballesio, A. Zagaria, Andrea Salaris, M. Terrasi, C. Lombardo, C. Ottaviani
Abstract. Sleep quality is considered a basic dimension of emotional health. The psychophysiological mechanisms underlying the associations between sleep quality and positive emotions are still largely unknown, yet autonomic regulation may play a role. This study employed a two-day ecological momentary assessment methodology in a sample of young adults to investigate whether subjective sleep quality reported in the morning was associated with daily positive emotional experience and whether this association was mediated by heart rate variability (HRV), a measure of cardiac vagal tone. Sleep quality was assessed using an electronic sleep diary upon awakening, while resting HRV and positive emotions were inspected at random times throughout the day using photoplethysmography and an electronic diary, respectively. Relevant confounding variables such as smoking, alcohol intake, and physical exercise between each measurement were also assessed. The sample included 121 participants (64.8% females, Mage = 25.97 ± 5.32 years). After controlling for relevant confounders including health behaviors and psychiatric comorbidities, mediation analysis revealed that greater sleep quality positively predicted daily HRV (β = .289, p < .001) which, in turn, had a direct influence on positive emotions (β = .244, p = .006). Also, sleep quality directly predicted positive emotional experience (β = .272, p = .001). Lastly, the model showed an indirect effect between sleep quality and positive emotions via HRV (β = .071, 95% BCI [.011, .146]). Results support the view of HRV as a process variable linking sleep to positive emotions. Experimental data is needed to consolidate the present findings.
{"title":"Sleep and Daily Positive Emotions – Is Heart Rate Variability a Mediator?","authors":"A. Ballesio, A. Zagaria, Andrea Salaris, M. Terrasi, C. Lombardo, C. Ottaviani","doi":"10.1027/0269-8803/a000315","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1027/0269-8803/a000315","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Sleep quality is considered a basic dimension of emotional health. The psychophysiological mechanisms underlying the associations between sleep quality and positive emotions are still largely unknown, yet autonomic regulation may play a role. This study employed a two-day ecological momentary assessment methodology in a sample of young adults to investigate whether subjective sleep quality reported in the morning was associated with daily positive emotional experience and whether this association was mediated by heart rate variability (HRV), a measure of cardiac vagal tone. Sleep quality was assessed using an electronic sleep diary upon awakening, while resting HRV and positive emotions were inspected at random times throughout the day using photoplethysmography and an electronic diary, respectively. Relevant confounding variables such as smoking, alcohol intake, and physical exercise between each measurement were also assessed. The sample included 121 participants (64.8% females, Mage = 25.97 ± 5.32 years). After controlling for relevant confounders including health behaviors and psychiatric comorbidities, mediation analysis revealed that greater sleep quality positively predicted daily HRV (β = .289, p < .001) which, in turn, had a direct influence on positive emotions (β = .244, p = .006). Also, sleep quality directly predicted positive emotional experience (β = .272, p = .001). Lastly, the model showed an indirect effect between sleep quality and positive emotions via HRV (β = .071, 95% BCI [.011, .146]). Results support the view of HRV as a process variable linking sleep to positive emotions. Experimental data is needed to consolidate the present findings.","PeriodicalId":50075,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Psychophysiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2022-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48018999","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-07DOI: 10.1027/0269-8803/a000312
Janushca van der Merwe, Leigh Biagio-de Jager, F. Mahomed-Asmail, James W. Hall
Abstract. A critical review was conducted to examine whether the peripheral hearing status of participants with neurological and psychological disorders was documented in published clinical studies of the auditory P300 response. Literature searches were conducted with three databases: PubMed, PsycINFO, and Scopus. Studies of participants with seven neurological or psychological disorders were included in the study. Each disorder was coupled with the main search phrase in separate searches on each database. Of the total 102 papers which met the inclusion criteria, the majority (64%) did not describe the peripheral hearing sensitivity of participants. In this review with studies that included participants at risk for hearing impairment, particularly age-related hearing loss, only a single publication adequately described formal hearing evaluation. Peripheral hearing status is rarely defined in studies of the P300 response. The inclusion of participants with a hearing loss likely affects the validity of findings for these studies. We recommend formal hearing assessment prior to inclusion of participants in studies of the auditory P300 response. The findings of this study may increase the awareness among researchers outside the field of audiology of the effects of peripheral hearing loss on the auditory P300.
{"title":"Documentation of Peripheral Auditory Function in Studies of the Auditory P300 Response","authors":"Janushca van der Merwe, Leigh Biagio-de Jager, F. Mahomed-Asmail, James W. Hall","doi":"10.1027/0269-8803/a000312","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1027/0269-8803/a000312","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. A critical review was conducted to examine whether the peripheral hearing status of participants with neurological and psychological disorders was documented in published clinical studies of the auditory P300 response. Literature searches were conducted with three databases: PubMed, PsycINFO, and Scopus. Studies of participants with seven neurological or psychological disorders were included in the study. Each disorder was coupled with the main search phrase in separate searches on each database. Of the total 102 papers which met the inclusion criteria, the majority (64%) did not describe the peripheral hearing sensitivity of participants. In this review with studies that included participants at risk for hearing impairment, particularly age-related hearing loss, only a single publication adequately described formal hearing evaluation. Peripheral hearing status is rarely defined in studies of the P300 response. The inclusion of participants with a hearing loss likely affects the validity of findings for these studies. We recommend formal hearing assessment prior to inclusion of participants in studies of the auditory P300 response. The findings of this study may increase the awareness among researchers outside the field of audiology of the effects of peripheral hearing loss on the auditory P300.","PeriodicalId":50075,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Psychophysiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2022-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42478561","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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