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Design of DC bus voltage high dynamic performance control for single-phase converters 单相变流器直流母线电压高动态性能控制设计
IF 1.4 4区 工程技术 Q3 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC Pub Date : 2024-09-19 DOI: 10.1007/s43236-024-00907-0
Xiaowei Zhang, Jiqing Cui, Jinghua Zhou

The DC bus voltage in single-phase converters inherently exhibits a second harmonic ripple. To accurately track the current reference value, notch filters are typically incorporated into the software control loop for suppression. However, traditional notch filters suffer from slow response times and significant oscillations. This paper presents an enhanced DC bus voltage extraction algorithm that estimates the second harmonic component in the DC bus voltage using system parameters and variables, without modifying the basic circuit structure or adding additional notch filters to the bus voltage control loop. By redesigning the voltage outer loop, the algorithm aims to reduce the overshoot and oscillations during voltage adjustments, improving the response speed. When integrated with a quasi-PR regulator-based current inner loop, this dual-loop control strategy effectively minimizes the overshoot and oscillations during voltage adjustments, enhances the response speed, and improves system stability. The effectiveness and validity of the proposed control strategy are demonstrated through MATLAB simulations and prototype experiments.

单相转换器的直流母线电压本身会产生二次谐波纹波。为了准确跟踪电流参考值,软件控制环路中通常会加入陷波滤波器来进行抑制。然而,传统的陷波滤波器存在响应时间慢和振荡明显的问题。本文提出了一种增强型直流母线电压提取算法,该算法利用系统参数和变量估算直流母线电压中的二次谐波分量,无需修改基本电路结构,也无需在母线电压控制环路中添加额外的陷波滤波器。通过重新设计电压外环,该算法旨在减少电压调整过程中的过冲和振荡,从而提高响应速度。当与基于准实时稳压器的电流内环相结合时,这种双环控制策略能有效地减少电压调整过程中的过冲和振荡,提高响应速度,并改善系统稳定性。通过 MATLAB 仿真和原型实验,证明了所提控制策略的有效性和正确性。
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引用次数: 0
Thermal management implementation method for IGBT modules of inverters based on junction temperature estimation 基于结温估算的逆变器 IGBT 模块热管理实施方法
IF 1.4 4区 工程技术 Q3 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC Pub Date : 2024-09-18 DOI: 10.1007/s43236-024-00911-4
Zheng Gong, Libo Zang, Guanqi Wang, Zhenjia Shen

Insulated gate bipolar transistors (IGBTs) are widely used in grid-connected renewable energy generation. Junction temperature fluctuation is an important factor affecting the operating lifetime of IGBT modules. Many active thermal management methods for suppressing junction temperature fluctuation exist, but research on the implementation of thermal management in converters is limited. Junction temperature extraction is the basis of implementing thermal management. In this study, a thermal network model method and a temperature-sensitive electrical parameter (TSEP) method for junction temperature estimation are analyzed first. Aiming to limit the maximum junction temperature of IGBTs, a thermal management method is proposed by changing switching frequency. Then, for a three-phase two-level inverter, the effectiveness of the proposed thermal management method is analyzed by offline simulation based on the thermal network model method. Lastly, the IGBT junction temperature in the inverter is estimated online by using the TSEP method and the feasibility of the thermal management implementation method is verified on an experimental platform.

绝缘栅双极晶体管(IGBT)广泛应用于并网可再生能源发电。结温波动是影响 IGBT 模块工作寿命的一个重要因素。目前有许多抑制结温波动的主动热管理方法,但在转换器中实施热管理的研究还很有限。结温提取是实施热管理的基础。本研究首先分析了用于结温估算的热网络模型方法和温度敏感电参数 (TSEP) 方法。为了限制 IGBT 的最高结温,提出了一种通过改变开关频率来进行热管理的方法。然后,针对三相两电平逆变器,基于热网络模型方法,通过离线仿真分析了所提出的热管理方法的有效性。最后,利用 TSEP 方法在线估算了逆变器中的 IGBT 结温,并在实验平台上验证了热管理实施方法的可行性。
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引用次数: 0
Novel quadratic high-gain boost converter 新型二次高增益升压转换器
IF 1.4 4区 工程技术 Q3 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC Pub Date : 2024-09-18 DOI: 10.1007/s43236-024-00913-2
Shengwei Gao, Kaixin Zhao, Haobo Zhang

This study proposes a new type of quadratic high-gain boost converter to address the problems of high-voltage switching stress and poor dynamic response of the traditional quadratic high-gain boost converter. The proposed quadratic high-gain boost converter can be operated in inductive current continuous conduction mode and pseudo-continuous conduction mode according to different control modes. Results show that the voltage switching stress when the converter is operated in inductive current continuous conduction mode is reduced by 65% compared with the voltage switching stress when the traditional quadratic high-gain boost converter is used. The dynamic response speed when the converter is operated in pseudo-continuous conduction mode is improved by 35% compared with that when the traditional quadratic high-gain boost converter is used. Moreover, additional control freedom is obtained, thereby reducing the difficulty in the design of the compensator. Finally, the veracity of the proposed theory is verified by building an experimental prototype.

本研究提出了一种新型二次高增益升压转换器,以解决传统二次高增益升压转换器存在的高压开关应力和动态响应差的问题。根据不同的控制模式,所提出的二次高增益升压转换器可在电感电流连续导通模式和伪连续导通模式下运行。结果表明,与传统的二次高增益升压转换器相比,转换器在电感电流连续导通模式下运行时的电压开关应力降低了 65%。与使用传统二次高增益升压转换器相比,转换器在伪连续导通模式下运行时的动态响应速度提高了 35%。此外,还获得了额外的控制自由度,从而降低了补偿器的设计难度。最后,通过建立实验原型验证了所提理论的真实性。
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引用次数: 0
Modelling of SiC MOSFET power devices incorporating physical effects 包含物理效应的碳化硅 MOSFET 功率器件建模
IF 1.4 4区 工程技术 Q3 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC Pub Date : 2024-09-18 DOI: 10.1007/s43236-024-00912-3
Yafei Ding, Weijing Liu, Wei Bai, Xiaodong Tang, Naiyun Tang, Tuanqing Yun, Yonglin Bai, Yueyang Wang, Yu Peng, Yingjie Ma, Wenlong Yang, Zirui Wang

An improved semi-physical model for a SiC MOSFET incorporated with relevant physical effects and temperature characteristics is proposed based on the EKV model. A simulation analysis of the Junction Field Effect Transistor (JFET) effect, Drain Induced Barrier Lowering (DIBL) effect, channel length modulation effect, velocity saturation effect, and interface trap charge effect in SiC MOSFET devices is performed using Sentaurus TCAD. Based on the influence of physical effects on the characteristics of SiC MOSFET devices, mathematical corrections r(Vgs) and r(Vds), which can describe the relevant physical effects, are introduced into the original EKV model. The capacitance is accurately modelled to achieve the required match between the transient characteristics of the devices. The accuracy of the model is verified by static tests and double-pulse experiments. Results show that the improved model can do a better job of simulating the actual operating conditions of the device. In addition, its accuracy and applicability are greatly improved, providing a semi-physical model with a wider range of applicability for the simulation of SiC MOSFETs in power electronic systems.

在 EKV 模型的基础上,提出了一个包含相关物理效应和温度特性的改进型 SiC MOSFET 半物理模型。使用 Sentaurus TCAD 对 SiC MOSFET 器件中的结场效应晶体管 (JFET) 效应、漏极诱导势垒降低 (DIBL) 效应、沟道长度调制效应、速度饱和效应和界面阱电荷效应进行了仿真分析。根据物理效应对 SiC MOSFET 器件特性的影响,在原始 EKV 模型中引入了能描述相关物理效应的数学修正 r(Vgs) 和 r(Vds)。对电容进行了精确建模,以实现器件瞬态特性之间所需的匹配。静态测试和双脉冲实验验证了模型的准确性。结果表明,改进后的模型能更好地模拟器件的实际工作条件。此外,该模型的准确性和适用性也得到了极大改善,为电力电子系统中 SiC MOSFET 的仿真提供了一个适用范围更广的半物理模型。
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引用次数: 0
Fault location and type identification method for current and voltage sensors in traction rectifiers 牵引整流器电流和电压传感器的故障定位和类型鉴定方法
IF 1.4 4区 工程技术 Q3 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC Pub Date : 2024-09-18 DOI: 10.1007/s43236-024-00916-z
Yunjun Yu, Yunquan Song, Hongwei Tao

The reliability of rectifiers is regarded as one of the most important factors in traction systems. Unexpected faults occurring in sensors can degrade the performance and lead to secondary faults. Accordingly, a sensor fault diagnosis method is proposed in this paper. It can locate faults and identify fault types. Three high-incidence fault types in current and voltage sensors have been taken into consideration. Only the current residual is needed in the process of fault diagnosis. No additional sensors are required in this method. First, a traction rectifier model is developed. Then, a grid current estimator is constructed, the residual is acquired and applied to fault detection. Next, the residual is analyzed under different kinds of sensor faults. Fault diagnosis functions are constructed and the faults can be diagnosed. Finally, an experiment test is processed to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.

整流器的可靠性被认为是牵引系统中最重要的因素之一。传感器出现意外故障会降低性能并导致二次故障。因此,本文提出了一种传感器故障诊断方法。它可以定位故障并识别故障类型。本文考虑了电流和电压传感器中的三种高发故障类型。在故障诊断过程中,只需要电流残值。该方法不需要额外的传感器。首先,建立一个牵引整流器模型。然后,构建电网电流估算器,获取残差并应用于故障检测。然后,分析不同传感器故障下的残差。构建故障诊断函数并诊断故障。最后,通过实验测试证明了所提方法的有效性。
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引用次数: 0
Optimized current stress strategy for dual-phase-shift modulated dual active bridge converters to ensure full-load-range ZVS 优化双移相调制双有源桥式转换器的电流应力策略,确保全负载范围 ZVS
IF 1.4 4区 工程技术 Q3 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC Pub Date : 2024-09-18 DOI: 10.1007/s43236-024-00909-y
Wang Tian, Maochi Yu, Zhizong Su, Yunyu Hong, Zhanghai Shi

Dual active bridge (DAB) converters have two control variables when they work with dual phase shift (DPS) modulation. These control variables are the inner phase-shift ratio and the outer phase-shift ratio. They can be optimized to achieve minimum current stress during the operation of DAB converters. Conventional optimization methods cannot ensure soft-switching of the power semiconductor devices, which limits the efficiency and reliability of DAB converters. To balance the current stress and switching loss of DAB converters with DPS modulation, a novel optimal DPS strategy is proposed for DAB converters. The proposed strategy can ensure ZVS and avoid voltage spikes of the power semiconductor devices in DAB converters over the full load range. Meanwhile, it can achieve the minimum current stress under heavy loads and near-minimum current stress under middle and light loads for the components in DAB converters. The experimental results reveal that the proposed strategy achieves higher efficiency than conventional optimization methods under heavy and light loads. For middle loads, it is predicted that the proposed strategy can achieve higher efficiency when the switching loss is dominant. Moreover, the experimental results show that the voltage spikes of the MOSFETs are eliminated by the proposed strategy, which indicates a higher reliability than conventional strategies.

双主动桥(DAB)转换器在使用双移相(DPS)调制时有两个控制变量。这两个控制变量是内相移比和外相移比。可以对它们进行优化,以在 DAB 转换器运行期间实现最小的电流应力。传统的优化方法无法确保功率半导体器件的软开关,从而限制了 DAB 转换器的效率和可靠性。为了平衡采用 DPS 调制的 DAB 转换器的电流应力和开关损耗,我们为 DAB 转换器提出了一种新的最佳 DPS 策略。所提出的策略能在全负载范围内确保 ZVS 并避免 DAB 转换器中功率半导体器件的电压尖峰。同时,它还能使 DAB 转换器中的元件在重负载下达到最小电流应力,在中负载和轻负载下接近最小电流应力。实验结果表明,在重负载和轻负载情况下,所提出的策略比传统优化方法实现了更高的效率。对于中等负载,预计当开关损耗占主导地位时,建议的策略可以实现更高的效率。此外,实验结果表明,提议的策略消除了 MOSFET 的电压尖峰,这表明它比传统策略具有更高的可靠性。
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引用次数: 0
Parallel connected triple-active-bridge converters with current and voltage balancing coupled inductor for bipolar DC distribution 带电流和电压平衡耦合电感器的并联三有源桥式转换器,用于双极直流配电网
IF 1.4 4区 工程技术 Q3 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC Pub Date : 2024-09-18 DOI: 10.1007/s43236-024-00899-x
Seunghoon Lee, Honnyong Cha, Kisu Kim, Van-Dai Bui

Bipolar dc distribution system is an attractive alternative to replace the conventional ac distribution system; however, it suffers from voltage and current unbalances. In parallel-connected triple-active-bridge (TAB) converters that form a bipolar dc distribution system, the current unbalance between each TAB module and the voltage unbalance between each load are the main issues that make controlling the system difficult. These unbalances occur due to the inevitable mismatch of gate signals and circuit parameters, despite having the same circuit components. A four-winding coupled inductor is proposed in this paper to handle these issues. The coupled inductor is formed by the magnetic integration of the inductors, which are present in TAB converters. Inductors in the same TAB module are directly coupled and the two directly coupled inductors are integrated again in the inverse direction. The proposed coupled inductor automatically balances the currents in each module and the voltages of each load under unbalanced conditions. Moreover, the proposed balancing scheme does not require additional control method or balancer circuit. The performance of the proposed coupled inductor was verified with a 10-kW prototype.

双极直流配电系统是取代传统交流配电系统的一种极具吸引力的替代方案,但它存在电压和电流不平衡问题。在构成双极直流配电系统的并联三有源桥(TAB)转换器中,每个 TAB 模块之间的电流不平衡和每个负载之间的电压不平衡是造成系统控制困难的主要问题。尽管电路元件相同,但由于栅极信号和电路参数不可避免地不匹配,因此会产生这些不平衡。本文提出了一种四绕组耦合电感器来解决这些问题。耦合电感器由 TAB 转换器中存在的电感器的磁性整合而成。同一 TAB 模块中的电感器直接耦合,两个直接耦合的电感器在反方向上再次集成。拟议的耦合电感器可在不平衡的条件下自动平衡每个模块中的电流和每个负载的电压。此外,拟议的平衡方案不需要额外的控制方法或平衡电路。我们用一个 10 千瓦的原型验证了所提出的耦合电感器的性能。
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引用次数: 0
Self-decoupled coupler based dual-coupled LCC-LCC rotating wireless power transfer system with enhanced output power 基于自去耦耦合器的双耦合 LCC-LCC 旋转式无线电力传输系统,可增强输出功率
IF 1.4 4区 工程技术 Q3 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC Pub Date : 2024-09-18 DOI: 10.1007/s43236-024-00905-2
Zheyuan Guo, Jiangui Li, Longyang Wang, Yinchong Peng, Qinghe Si, Guangbin Luo

This paper proposes a rotating wireless power transfer system with dual-coupled LCC-LCC topology based on a self-decoupled rotary coupler for addressing the issues of wear and short lifespan associated with traditional electric brush slip rings. In comparison to the conventional single-coupled LCC-LCC topology, the proposed system results in a significant increase in output power and a more compact structure. First, the dual-coupled LCC-LCC topology circuit system is analyzed. A self-decoupled rotary coupler incorporating two pairs of coupled coils is proposed. Second, through the utilization of simulation software, the effects of coil dimension, turns, and magnetic shielding on the self-inductance and coupling coefficients are analyzed, optimizing the coupler for compactness and miniaturization. Third, an experimental setup is established to validate the self-decoupled performance and power enhancement capabilities of the designed coupler. Experimental results demonstrate that, under positive conditions, the proposed self-decoupled coupler achieves a system transmission power of 62.54 W, which is 240% higher than that of single-coupled systems, albeit with an 11.2% efficiency decrease. This system is suitable for rapid charging in rotary applications.

本文提出了一种基于自解耦旋转耦合器的双耦合 LCC-LCC 拓扑旋转无线电力传输系统,以解决传统电刷滑环磨损和寿命短的问题。与传统的单耦合 LCC-LCC 拓扑相比,拟议系统的输出功率显著提高,结构也更加紧凑。首先,分析了双耦合 LCC-LCC 拓扑电路系统。提出了一种包含两对耦合线圈的自去耦旋转耦合器。其次,利用仿真软件分析了线圈尺寸、匝数和磁屏蔽对自感和耦合系数的影响,优化了耦合器的紧凑性和小型化。第三,建立了一个实验装置来验证所设计耦合器的自解耦性能和功率增强能力。实验结果表明,在积极条件下,拟议的自解耦耦合器实现了 62.54 W 的系统传输功率,比单耦合系统高出 240%,尽管效率降低了 11.2%。该系统适用于旋转应用中的快速充电。
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引用次数: 0
Impact of decoupling capacitor aging and temperature for the long-term reliability of power delivery networks 去耦电容器老化和温度对输电网络长期可靠性的影响
IF 1.4 4区 工程技术 Q3 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC Pub Date : 2024-09-10 DOI: 10.1007/s43236-024-00904-3
Maurizio Di Nella, Francesco de Paulis, Carlo Olivieri, Antonio Orlandi

Nowadays, almost all electronic systems on printed circuit boards (PCB) adopt a vital element known as the power delivery network (PDN). However, the performance of the PDN is susceptible to variables such as the temperature and aging of its key constituents: the decoupling capacitors (decaps). Consequently, the long-term reliability of the PDN demands meticulous consideration to foresee how its performance can deviate from the initial design specifications. A realistic high-current server system is considered. It involves hundreds of decaps to achieve the required target impedance as optimally selected and laid out by the Power Integrity (PI) designer. The degradation of decap performance is analyzed by collecting experimental data from tens of decaps for each type used in the design while applying an accelerated aging process at different temperatures. The impact of aging in terms of the capacitance, parasitic inductance, and resistance of the decaps is considered to illustrate an innovative methodological design approach based on statistical analysis. Such a design approach can prevent the detrimental impact of a larger noise level due to the gradual performance degradation of the PDN over the intended life cycle of the system.

如今,几乎所有印制电路板(PCB)上的电子系统都采用了一种称为电源传输网络(PDN)的重要元件。然而,PDN 的性能易受各种变量的影响,如温度和其关键元件去耦电容器(decaps)的老化。因此,要保证 PDN 的长期可靠性,就必须对其性能如何偏离最初的设计规格进行细致的考虑。我们考虑了一个现实的大电流服务器系统。该系统涉及数百个分路器,以实现电源完整性 (PI) 设计人员优化选择和布置的所需目标阻抗。通过收集设计中使用的每种类型的数十个分路器的实验数据,同时在不同温度下应用加速老化过程,对分路器性能的退化进行了分析。研究考虑了老化对脱帽电容、寄生电感和电阻的影响,以说明基于统计分析的创新设计方法。这种设计方法可以防止因 PDN 在系统预期寿命周期内性能逐渐下降而产生较大噪声级的不利影响。
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引用次数: 0
Lightweight shuffle–SimAM network-based open-circuit fault diagnosis of grid-connected cascaded H-bridge inverters 基于轻量级 Shuffle-SimAM 网络的并网级联 H 桥逆变器开路故障诊断
IF 1.4 4区 工程技术 Q3 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC Pub Date : 2024-09-10 DOI: 10.1007/s43236-024-00906-1
Weiman Yang, Jianfeng Gu, Xingfeng Xie, Xianglin Wei, Hao Ye

Aiming at the problems of high similarity and difficulty in extracting the fault features of power-switching tubes, as well as the high complexity of fault diagnosis models, the large number of parameters, and the long fault diagnosis time of the multilevel cascaded H-bridge inverter in medium-voltage and high-voltage applications, this study proposes a fault diagnosis method based on a lightweight shuffle–SimAM network. First, the proposed method establishes a lightweight parallel ShuffleNet network model and utilizes multi-sensor data as the input of each parallel network for the initial extraction of similar fault features. Second, a feature fusion module is constructed inside the network to weight and fuse the features extracted at each level of the parallel network. Then the fused features are successively advanced to further enhance the extraction of similar fault features. Finally, to maintain the network with high diagnostic accuracy while improving the level of lightweighting, deep separable convolution and SimAM parameter-free attention mechanisms are introduced into the diagnostic network. Experimental results show that the proposed method effectively reduced the complexity of the model and the diagnosis time while maintaining a high diagnosis accuracy.

针对多电平级联 H 桥逆变器在中压和高压应用中存在的功率开关管故障特征相似度高、提取困难,以及故障诊断模型复杂度高、参数数量多、故障诊断时间长等问题,本研究提出了一种基于轻量级 Shuffle-SimAM 网络的故障诊断方法。首先,该方法建立了轻量级并行 ShuffleNet 网络模型,利用多传感器数据作为每个并行网络的输入,初步提取相似故障特征。其次,在网络内部构建一个特征融合模块,对并行网络各层提取的特征进行加权和融合。然后,将融合后的特征依次向前推进,以进一步加强相似故障特征的提取。最后,为了在提高轻量化水平的同时保持网络的高诊断精度,在诊断网络中引入了深度可分离卷积和 SimAM 无参数注意机制。实验结果表明,所提出的方法有效降低了模型的复杂度,缩短了诊断时间,同时保持了较高的诊断精度。
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引用次数: 0
期刊
Journal of Power Electronics
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