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Novel sorted PWM strategy and control for photovoltaic-based grid-connected cascaded H-bridge inverters 光伏并网级联 H 桥逆变器的新型排序 PWM 策略与控制
IF 1.4 4区 工程技术 Q3 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC Pub Date : 2024-09-06 DOI: 10.1007/s43236-024-00902-5
Gudipati Maheswari, K Manjunatha Sharma, Prajof Prabhakaran

This paper proposes a novel sorted level-shifted U-shaped carrier-based pulse width modulation (SLSUC PWM) strategy combined with an input power control approach for a 13-level cascaded H-bridge multi-level inverter designed for grid connection, specifically tailored for photovoltaic (PV) systems, which avoids a double-stage power conversion configuration. In this methodology, every inverter generates a quasi-square output voltage waveform with a width that is intricately linked to the output power of its corresponding PV panel. The application of this SLSUC pulse width modulation technique with input power control in a solar energy-based 13-level grid-tied inverter facilitates precise maximum power point (MPP) tracking for each of the PV panels under uniform and non-uniform irradiation conditions and ensures the consistent maintenance of capacitor voltage balance. Moreover, this novel SLSUC PWM method for 13-level inverters offers a range of benefits, including a low total harmonic distortion (THD) in the output voltage of the multi-level inverter and higher inverter and MPPT efficiencies over the existing PWM techniques. To verify the efficacy of the proposed control method over existing techniques, a PV-based grid-connected multi-level inverter with the proposed control strategy undergoes modeling and simulation using MATLAB/Simulink. Then, experimental hardware-in-the-loop (EHIL) testing is conducted to confirm and evaluate its effectiveness.

本文提出了一种新颖的排序电平偏移 U 型载波脉宽调制(SLSUC PWM)策略,该策略与输入功率控制方法相结合,适用于专为光伏(PV)系统设计的并网用 13 级级联 H 桥多电平逆变器,避免了双级功率转换配置。在这种方法中,每个逆变器都会产生一个准方波输出电压波形,其宽度与相应光伏板的输出功率密切相关。在基于太阳能的 13 级并网逆变器中应用这种具有输入功率控制功能的 SLSUC 脉宽调制技术,有助于在均匀和非均匀辐照条件下精确跟踪每个光伏板的最大功率点 (MPP),并确保持续维持电容器电压平衡。此外,这种用于 13 电平逆变器的新型 SLSUC PWM 方法还具有一系列优点,包括多电平逆变器输出电压的总谐波失真(THD)低,逆变器和 MPPT 效率高于现有的 PWM 技术。为验证所提控制方法相对于现有技术的有效性,使用 MATLAB/Simulink 对采用所提控制策略的光伏并网多级逆变器进行了建模和仿真。然后,进行了硬件在环(EHIL)实验测试,以确认和评估其有效性。
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引用次数: 0
DSP-based adaptive digital control method for frequency tracking and impedance angle control of MCR–WPT systems 基于 DSP 的自适应数字控制方法,用于 MCR-WPT 系统的频率跟踪和阻抗角控制
IF 1.4 4区 工程技术 Q3 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC Pub Date : 2024-09-05 DOI: 10.1007/s43236-024-00903-4
Jin Luo, Hao Shen, Xiaojuan Xu

Aiming at the problem where the transmission power and transmission efficiency are affected by frequency detuning in wireless power transfer (WPT), a frequency tracking method using current-over-zero comparison and a digital control method using a dynamic time lag is proposed based on the digital signal processing (DSP) technology. The proposed method only needs to determine the time when current passes the zero point and start current sampling. Then a simple digital phase-locked loop (PLL) can be accomplished by comparing the current sampling value with the setting current value at the zero point. Combined with voltage–current double closed-loop phase-shift control, constant current or voltage output is realized. Finally, a DSP-based experimental setup with an output power of 300 W is designed for a series of verification experiments. The findings show that the method can achieve fast frequency tracking as well as phase adjustment when the air-gap distance and load are changed. It also satisfies constant current or voltage output. More importantly, the transmission efficiency of the weak inductive state achieved by the proposed method is better than that of the fixed-frequency and resonant-frequency state. In addition, it is 5% higher than that of the fixed-frequency state.

针对无线功率传输(WPT)中频率失谐影响传输功率和传输效率的问题,提出了一种基于数字信号处理(DSP)技术的频率跟踪方法,该方法利用电流过零点比较和动态时滞进行数字控制。所提出的方法只需确定电流通过零点的时间并开始电流采样。然后,通过比较电流采样值和零点处的设定电流值,就能实现简单的数字锁相环(PLL)。结合电压-电流双闭环移相控制,可实现恒流或恒压输出。最后,设计了一个基于 DSP 的实验装置,输出功率为 300 W,进行了一系列验证实验。实验结果表明,当气隙距离和负载发生变化时,该方法可以实现快速频率跟踪和相位调整。它还能满足恒流或恒压输出。更重要的是,该方法实现的弱电感状态的传输效率优于定频和谐振频率状态。此外,它还比定频状态高出 5%。
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引用次数: 0
MDT-MVMD-based frequency modulation for photovoltaic energy storage systems 基于 MDT-MVMD 的光伏储能系统频率调制技术
IF 1.4 4区 工程技术 Q3 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC Pub Date : 2024-09-03 DOI: 10.1007/s43236-024-00895-1
Dongdong Li, Hao Chen, Yin Yao, David Wenzhong Gao, Bo Xu

Due to the rapid advances in renewable energy technologies, the growing integration of renewable sources has led to reduced resources for Fast Frequency Response (FFR) in power systems, challenging frequency stability. Photovoltaic (PV) plants are a key component of clean energy. To enable PV plants to contribute to FFR, a hybrid energy system is the most favorable candidate, and its power sharing algorithm significantly influences the FFR capability of PV plants. In this study, a model is established for a Virtual Synchronous Generator Hybrid Energy Storage System (VSG HESS). In addition, the mechanism by which PV plants participate in fast frequency regulation is analyzed. Subsequently, a novel multi-dimensional time filtering algorithm is proposed to overcome the problems associated with the short frequency sampling periods and insufficient measurement data in PV plants. Specifically, the techniques of Multi-Delay embedding Transform (MDT), Tucker decomposition, and Multivariate Variational Modal Decomposition (MVMD) are integrated into a unified framework for improved frequency resolution prior to frequency division. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed method is validated through online simulations performed on a VSG-controlled PV storage microgrid platform. Simulation results reveal that the proposed method is able to outperform conventional filtering algorithms in terms of frequency division accuracy and calculation speed.

由于可再生能源技术的快速发展,可再生能源的集成度越来越高,导致电力系统中用于快速频率响应(FFR)的资源减少,给频率稳定性带来了挑战。光伏电站是清洁能源的重要组成部分。为使光伏电站对频率响应做出贡献,混合能源系统是最有利的选择,其功率共享算法对光伏电站的频率响应能力有显著影响。本研究建立了虚拟同步发电机混合储能系统(VSG HESS)的模型。此外,还分析了光伏电站参与快速频率调节的机制。随后,提出了一种新颖的多维时间滤波算法,以克服与光伏电站频率采样周期短和测量数据不足有关的问题。具体来说,多延迟嵌入变换 (MDT)、塔克分解和多变量模态分解 (MVMD) 等技术被整合到一个统一的框架中,以提高频率划分前的频率分辨率。最后,通过在 VSG 控制的光伏储能微电网平台上进行在线仿真,验证了所提方法的有效性。仿真结果表明,所提出的方法在分频精度和计算速度方面都优于传统的滤波算法。
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引用次数: 0
Dual-layer multi-mode energy management optimization strategy for electric vehicle hybrid energy storage systems 电动汽车混合储能系统的双层多模式能量管理优化策略
IF 1.4 4区 工程技术 Q3 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC Pub Date : 2024-09-03 DOI: 10.1007/s43236-024-00886-2
Jutao Hu, Hongjuan Zhang, Yan Gao, Baoquan Jin

Hybrid energy storage systems (HESSs) play a crucial role in enhancing the performance of electric vehicles (EVs). However, existing energy management optimization strategies (EMOS) have limitations in terms of ensuring an accurate and timely power supply from HESSs to EVs, leading to increased power loss and shortened battery lifespan. To ensure an accurate and timely power supply from HESSs to EVs, this paper proposes a dual-layer multi-mode (DLMM) EMOS. This strategy comprises two layers. The upper layer is a backpropagation neural network (BPNN) model enhanced by the particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm. It is used for real-time HESS power demand prediction. In the lower layer, a HESS operational mode determination process is formulated, and an objective optimization function is established based on HESS power loss. Under constraints designed according to the HESS state parameters, the PSO algorithm is utilized to search for the optimal power allocation ratio of the HESS in real time. The proposed DLMM-EMOS strategy is capable of providing optimal power reference values for the batteries and ultracapacitors of the HESS. The DLMM-EMOS is tested on an electrical experimental platform using US06, NEDC, and WLTP driving cycles. Results indicate that the DLMM-EMOS effectively reduces the HESS power loss while enhancing the driving range of the battery.

混合能源存储系统(HESS)在提高电动汽车(EV)性能方面发挥着至关重要的作用。然而,现有的能量管理优化策略(EMOS)在确保从混合能源存储系统向电动汽车准确及时地供电方面存在局限性,导致功率损耗增加和电池寿命缩短。为确保从 HESS 向电动汽车准确及时地供电,本文提出了一种双层多模式(DLMM)EMOS。该策略包括两层。上层是通过粒子群优化(PSO)算法增强的反向传播神经网络(BPNN)模型。它用于实时预测 HESS 电力需求。在下层,制定了 HESS 运行模式确定流程,并根据 HESS 功率损耗建立了目标优化函数。在根据 HESS 状态参数设计的约束条件下,利用 PSO 算法实时搜索 HESS 的最佳功率分配比例。所提出的 DLMM-EMOS 策略能够为 HESS 的电池和超级电容器提供最佳功率参考值。DLMM-EMOS 利用 US06、NEDC 和 WLTP 驾驶循环在电气实验平台上进行了测试。结果表明,DLMM-EMOS 有效降低了 HESS 的功率损耗,同时提高了电池的行驶里程。
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引用次数: 0
Bidirectional buck–boost converter-based active power decoupling method for single-phase photovoltaic grid-connected inverters 基于双向降压-升压转换器的单相光伏并网逆变器有功功率解耦方法
IF 1.4 4区 工程技术 Q3 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC Pub Date : 2024-08-31 DOI: 10.1007/s43236-024-00892-4
Yingying Zhang, Chenyu Sun, Shuo Wang, Yueteng Shen, Zhiwei Chen

In a single phase, two-stage photovoltaic (PV) grid-connected system, the transient power mismatch between the dc input and ac output generates second-order ripple power (SRP). To filter out SRP, bulky electrolytic capacitors are commonly employed. However, these capacitors diminish the power density and reliability of the system. To address this issue, this paper introduces a power decoupling method. This method utilizes a bidirectional buck–boost converter, connected in parallel to the DC link, to divert SRP to a small capacitor within the single-phase grid-connected PV inverter, eliminating the need for electrolytic capacitors. The proposed topology consists of a dc–dc stage, a decoupling stage and an inverter stage, where each stage is controlled independently. In consideration of the instantaneous power fluctuations on the filtering elements, the optimal voltage reference of the decoupling capacitor is derived and implemented in the proposed decoupling control strategy. Thus, the capacitance for decoupling is minimized and the volume of the inverter is reduced. Discontinuous current control is adopted to charge and discharge the decoupling capacitor, which simplifies the decoupling control design. Finally, the steady-stage and dynamic responses of the proposed inverter are validated by simulation and experimental results in a 1-kW PV prototype.

在单相两级光伏并网系统中,直流输入和交流输出之间的瞬态功率失配会产生二阶纹波功率(SRP)。为了滤除 SRP,通常会使用体积庞大的电解电容器。然而,这些电容器会降低系统的功率密度和可靠性。为解决这一问题,本文介绍了一种电源去耦方法。该方法利用与直流链路并联的双向降压-升压转换器,将 SRP 转移到单相并网光伏逆变器内的小型电容器上,从而消除了对电解电容的需求。拟议的拓扑结构由直流-直流级、去耦级和逆变器级组成,其中每个级均可独立控制。考虑到滤波元件上的瞬时功率波动,得出了去耦电容器的最佳电压基准,并在拟议的去耦控制策略中实施。因此,去耦电容最小化,逆变器体积减小。去耦电容器的充放电采用了不连续电流控制,从而简化了去耦控制设计。最后,通过在 1 千瓦光伏原型机上的仿真和实验结果,验证了所提逆变器的稳态和动态响应。
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引用次数: 0
Rotor design and optimization of synchronous reluctance machine with low torque ripple 低扭矩纹波同步磁阻机的转子设计与优化
IF 1.4 4区 工程技术 Q3 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC Pub Date : 2024-08-30 DOI: 10.1007/s43236-024-00898-y
Xiaoyi Chai, Yan Dong

The rotor structure of a synchronous reluctance machine (SynRM) affects the variation of reluctance and has an important effect on the torque performance of the machine. To improve the torque performance of SynRM, the optimization design of the rotor structure is essential. In this paper, a multi-objective snake optimizer (MOSO) is proposed by combining snake optimizer with multi-objective optimization strategies. Integrated with finite element analysis and the MOSO optimization method, the SynRM with a fluid-shaped rotor structure is optimized to improve torque performance. Compared with several algorithms, such as multi-objective genetic algorithm, multi-objective particle swarm optimizer, etc., the MOSO optimization method achieves better results in optimizing the fluid-shaped rotor structure with higher torque and lower torque ripple of the machines on its Pareto frontier, which verifies the superiority of the proposed MOSO optimization method. In addition, a Bezier-shaped flux barrier tip determined by curve fitting with arbitrariness is proposed to reduce the torque ripple of SynRM further. Different machines on the Pareto front of the MOSO optimization method are selected to optimize the shape of the flux barrier tip. The percentages of reduction in torque ripple for the SynRMs that have been designed with Bezier-shaped flux barrier tips are 27.27%, 47.21%, 69.71%, and 78.71%, respectively. The decrease of torque ripple for the several SynRMs verifies the effectiveness of the Bezier-shaped flux barrier tip.

同步磁阻机(SynRM)的转子结构会影响磁阻的变化,并对机器的转矩性能产生重要影响。要提高同步磁阻机的转矩性能,转子结构的优化设计至关重要。本文将蛇形优化器与多目标优化策略相结合,提出了一种多目标蛇形优化器(MOSO)。结合有限元分析和 MOSO 优化方法,对具有流体形转子结构的 SynRM 进行了优化,以提高转矩性能。与多目标遗传算法、多目标粒子群优化器等几种算法相比,MOSO 优化方法在优化流体形转子结构方面取得了更好的效果,在其帕累托前沿上的机器具有更高的扭矩和更低的扭矩纹波,这验证了所提出的 MOSO 优化方法的优越性。此外,还提出了通过任意曲线拟合确定的贝塞尔形磁通屏障尖端,以进一步降低 SynRM 的转矩纹波。在 MOSO 优化方法的帕累托前沿选择不同的机器来优化磁通屏障尖端的形状。采用贝塞尔形磁通屏障尖端设计的同步磁阻机的扭矩纹波降低率分别为 27.27%、47.21%、69.71% 和 78.71%。几种 SynRM 扭矩纹波的降低验证了贝塞尔形磁通势垒尖端的有效性。
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引用次数: 0
Multi-objective optimization and analysis of divided-layer varying-network magnetic circuit based axial field flux-switching magnetic gear composite motors 基于分层变化网络磁路的轴向磁通开关磁齿轮复合电机的多目标优化与分析
IF 1.4 4区 工程技术 Q3 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC Pub Date : 2024-08-30 DOI: 10.1007/s43236-024-00900-7
Jinru Cheng, Wei Zhang, Xin Yin, Feiyang Ding

The axial field flux-switching magnetic gear composite machine (AFFSMGCM) is a new type of magnetic field modulation machine with a dual-rotor. Due to the complicated structure of the AFFSMGCM and the nonlinear characteristic of dual magnetic fields coupling, a divided-layer varying-network magnetic circuit (VNMC) method is developed to optimize the machine to obtain a high calculation accuracy and reduce operation time. First, an accurate VNMC model is established according to the magnetic field distribution of an AFFSMGCM. The magnetic field coupling of the rotor and stator permanent magnets (PMs) is performed by the rotary magnetic modulation ring (RMMR). Thus, the magnetic circuit of the RMMR is divided into two layers to reduce the influence of magnetic saturation and leakage flux on the calculation accuracy of the permeances. Then the particle swarm optimization (PSO) method is used to achieve multi-objective optimization of the AFFSMGCM based on the divided-layer VNMC for achieving a large torque, low torque ripple and high efficiency. Next, a multi-physics field coupling analysis is carried out to verify the optimized AFFSMGCM. Finally, a prototype is built and experiments are carried out to validate the AFFSMGCM.

轴向磁通开关磁齿轮复合机(AFFSMGCM)是一种新型双转子磁场调制机。由于 AFFSMGCM 结构复杂,且双磁场耦合具有非线性特性,因此开发了一种分层变化网络磁路(VNMC)方法来优化机器,以获得较高的计算精度并缩短运行时间。首先,根据 AFFSMGCM 的磁场分布建立精确的 VNMC 模型。转子和定子永磁体(PM)的磁场耦合由旋转磁调制环(RMMR)完成。因此,RMMR 的磁路分为两层,以减少磁饱和和漏磁通对磁导率计算精度的影响。然后,使用粒子群优化(PSO)方法实现基于分层 VNMC 的 AFFSMGCM 的多目标优化,以获得大扭矩、低扭矩纹波和高效率。接着,进行了多物理场耦合分析,以验证优化后的 AFFSMGCM。最后,制作了原型并进行了实验,以验证 AFFSMGCM。
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引用次数: 0
Maximum power tracking algorithm for single photovoltaic module without position sensors 无位置传感器的单个光伏模块最大功率跟踪算法
IF 1.4 4区 工程技术 Q3 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC Pub Date : 2024-08-27 DOI: 10.1007/s43236-024-00894-2
Yan Chen, Shunyang Ming, Hengbo Yu, Junli Meng, Jian Lin

To address the issue of power utilization system redundancy in methods focusing solely on either module solar-tracking or electrical maximum power point tracking (MPPT) to enhance photovoltaic (PV) generation efficiency, the integration of PV module solar-tracking with inverter maximum power tracking is proposed to streamline the system. Combined with cost–performance analyses of single-axis and dual-axis solar-tracking, the surface characteristic relationship between the single-axis azimuth change of the module and the output voltage and output power is studied, and the output characteristic surface of the PV system is constructed. In this paper, a maximum power tracking algorithm without a position sensor on the output characteristic surface is designed, requiring only the acquisition of electrical parameters from the PV modules. Experimental comparison and analysis show that the algorithm effectively combines the azimuth tracking and the electrical maximum power tracking algorithm without a position sensor, and realizes the maximum power output of a single PV module. Under the condition of simulation settings, the output power of module is increased by 14.97–21.91%, and the daily power generation is increased by 20.42% on average under varying experimental weather conditions, providing a new idea for the effective utilization of solar energy by PV modules.

为解决单纯采用组件太阳跟踪或电气最大功率点跟踪(MPPT)提高光伏发电效率的方法中存在的电力利用系统冗余问题,提出了光伏组件太阳跟踪与逆变器最大功率跟踪的集成方法,以简化系统。结合单轴和双轴太阳跟踪的性价比分析,研究了模块单轴方位角变化与输出电压和输出功率之间的曲面特性关系,并构建了光伏系统的输出特性曲面。本文设计了一种输出特性面上不带位置传感器的最大功率跟踪算法,只需采集光伏组件的电气参数。实验对比和分析表明,该算法有效地结合了方位跟踪和无位置传感器的电气最大功率跟踪算法,实现了单个光伏模块的最大功率输出。在仿真设置条件下,组件输出功率提高了 14.97%-21.91%,在不同的实验天气条件下,日发电量平均提高了 20.42%,为光伏组件有效利用太阳能提供了新思路。
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引用次数: 0
Discontinuous PWM-based common-mode voltage suppression method for three-phase inverter 基于非连续 PWM 的三相逆变器共模电压抑制方法
IF 1.4 4区 工程技术 Q3 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC Pub Date : 2024-08-27 DOI: 10.1007/s43236-024-00897-z
Jin Chai, Weisheng Wang, Tong Liu

In high-voltage and high-power applications, continuous pulse-width modulation methods (CPWM) suffer from reduced inverter efficiency due to high switching frequency, and the common-mode voltage (CMV) generated can also cause electromagnetic interference and current harmonics. This paper proposes a discontinuous pulse-width modulation (DPWM)-based CMV suppression method to suppress CMV and reduce switching losses simultaneously. CMV values associated with various reference voltage vectors are analyzed first, and then CMV suppression conditions in different sectors are calculated. The proposed control strategy can correct the modulation wave of DPWM easily using a look-up table, which lists the suppression conditions calculated above to decrease the computation burden, thus suppressing CMV while simultaneously reducing switching losses. The strategy exhibits universality across various types of DPWM. Simulations and experiments confirmed its effectiveness.

在高压和大功率应用中,连续脉宽调制方法(CPWM)因开关频率高而导致逆变器效率降低,同时产生的共模电压(CMV)还会造成电磁干扰和电流谐波。本文提出了一种基于非连续脉宽调制(DPWM)的 CMV 抑制方法,以同时抑制 CMV 和降低开关损耗。首先分析与各种参考电压矢量相关的 CMV 值,然后计算不同扇区的 CMV 抑制条件。所提出的控制策略可以使用查找表轻松校正 DPWM 的调制波,查找表中列出了上述计算出的抑制条件,以减轻计算负担,从而在抑制 CMV 的同时降低开关损耗。该策略在各种类型的 DPWM 中都具有通用性。模拟和实验证实了它的有效性。
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引用次数: 0
Overview of topology research on hybrid direct current circuit breakers 混合直流断路器拓扑研究概述
IF 1.4 4区 工程技术 Q3 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC Pub Date : 2024-08-27 DOI: 10.1007/s43236-024-00893-3
Can Ding, Kaiming Li, Zhao Yuan, Guang Pu

Continuous expansion in the scale of high-voltage flexible direct current (DC) transmission systems has resulted in higher requirements for clearing fault currents. The hybrid DC circuit breaker, as the most promising DC circuit breaker, can effectively isolate and remove the faults that occur in DC power grids. At present, hybrid DC circuit breakers can be divided into two types: two port and multiport. Two-port DC circuit breakers are used in a single line and have the advantages of simple and flexible control. Multiport DC circuit breakers are used at the DC bus and control the fault isolation operation of multiple lines connected to the bus. When compared to two-port DC circuit breakers, multiport DC circuit breakers significantly reduce the number of configurations, reduce costs, and occupy less space. First, this article classifies hybrid DC circuit breakers into two-port and multiport categories, and refines and organizes the two major categories. Then, it analyzes the functionality, reliability, control complexity, and economy of each scheme based on the topology structures proposed in the current literature. Finally, prospects for future research on hybrid DC circuit breakers are presented.

高压柔性直流(DC)输电系统规模的不断扩大,对清除故障电流提出了更高的要求。混合式直流断路器作为最具发展前景的直流断路器,能够有效隔离和切除直流电网中出现的故障。目前,混合式直流断路器可分为双端口和多端口两种类型。双端口直流断路器用于单条线路,具有控制简单、灵活的优点。多端口直流断路器用于直流母线,可控制与母线相连的多条线路的故障隔离操作。与双端口直流断路器相比,多端口直流断路器大大减少了配置数量,降低了成本,占用空间也更小。首先,本文将混合式直流断路器分为双端口和多端口两类,并对这两大类进行了细化和整理。然后,根据目前文献中提出的拓扑结构,分析了每种方案的功能性、可靠性、控制复杂性和经济性。最后,对混合直流断路器的未来研究进行了展望。
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引用次数: 0
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Journal of Power Electronics
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