Accurate mapping of soil organic carbon (SOC) using optical remote sensing is often constrained by persistent cloud cover, which limits data availability in many regions. While recent studies have explored the feasibility of radar sensors for SOC mapping to overcome this limitation, they have predominantly relied on backscatter features, largely overlooking the potential of interferometric coherence. To address this gap, this study assessed the potential of synergistically using backscatter/coherence observations from Sentinel-1 and optical data from Sentinel-2 for mapping SOC across the Iberian Peninsula. Backscatter, coherence, optical, and traditional auxiliary data (terrain and climate) were utilized as input features, and their various combinations were integrated with the LUCAS 2018 soil database to develop machine learning-based SOC prediction models. We evaluated how the temporal interval of backscatter composites and the temporal baseline of coherence data affected model performance. Both radar metrics showed strong predictive power for SOC, and their temporal configurations substantially affected modeling performance. Backscatter images with a monthly interval achieved the best performance, whereas longer intervals progressively decreased predictive accuracy. Models trained on coherence with shorter temporal baselines outperformed those with longer temporal baselines. The joint use of these two radar metrics improved predictive accuracy (R2 = 0.42), surpassing models that only used Sentinel-2 optical data (R2 = 0.38). Our results demonstrate promising prospects of coherence/backscatter data as substitutes or complements to optical data for SOC mapping. Integrating these three complementary and relatively independent remote sensing sources notably improved model performance, achieving accuracy no lower than models based on traditional auxiliary data. Variable importance analysis indicated that radar-derived backscatter and coherence were crucial input features for SOC mapping. The contribution of backscatter to SOC prediction was influenced by polarization modes and orbital directions, with cross-polarization and ascending-orbit backscatter showing greater importance than co-polarization and descending-orbit backscatter, respectively. The mapping results derived solely from coherence and backscatter data exhibited spatial patterns broadly consistent with those obtained from optical and traditional auxiliary data. The proposed cloud computing-based workflow utilizing freely available Sentinel optical and radar imagery provides a cost-effective and reproducible approach for large-scale SOC mapping.
{"title":"Contribution of Sentinel-1 radar backscatter/coherence and Sentinel-2 optical data to digital mapping of soil organic carbon in the Iberian Peninsula","authors":"Yajun Geng, Hongmin Zhang, Xueting Zheng, Junming Liu, Tao Zhou, Dongxu Dai, Xiaoyan Liu, Tingting Liu, Angela Lausch, Bingcheng Si, Shengxiang Xu, Feng Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.still.2026.107106","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2026.107106","url":null,"abstract":"Accurate mapping of soil organic carbon (SOC) using optical remote sensing is often constrained by persistent cloud cover, which limits data availability in many regions. While recent studies have explored the feasibility of radar sensors for SOC mapping to overcome this limitation, they have predominantly relied on backscatter features, largely overlooking the potential of interferometric coherence. To address this gap, this study assessed the potential of synergistically using backscatter/coherence observations from Sentinel-1 and optical data from Sentinel-2 for mapping SOC across the Iberian Peninsula. Backscatter, coherence, optical, and traditional auxiliary data (terrain and climate) were utilized as input features, and their various combinations were integrated with the LUCAS 2018 soil database to develop machine learning-based SOC prediction models. We evaluated how the temporal interval of backscatter composites and the temporal baseline of coherence data affected model performance. Both radar metrics showed strong predictive power for SOC, and their temporal configurations substantially affected modeling performance. Backscatter images with a monthly interval achieved the best performance, whereas longer intervals progressively decreased predictive accuracy. Models trained on coherence with shorter temporal baselines outperformed those with longer temporal baselines. The joint use of these two radar metrics improved predictive accuracy (R<ce:sup loc=\"post\">2</ce:sup> = 0.42), surpassing models that only used Sentinel-2 optical data (R<ce:sup loc=\"post\">2</ce:sup> = 0.38). Our results demonstrate promising prospects of coherence/backscatter data as substitutes or complements to optical data for SOC mapping. Integrating these three complementary and relatively independent remote sensing sources notably improved model performance, achieving accuracy no lower than models based on traditional auxiliary data. Variable importance analysis indicated that radar-derived backscatter and coherence were crucial input features for SOC mapping. The contribution of backscatter to SOC prediction was influenced by polarization modes and orbital directions, with cross-polarization and ascending-orbit backscatter showing greater importance than co-polarization and descending-orbit backscatter, respectively. The mapping results derived solely from coherence and backscatter data exhibited spatial patterns broadly consistent with those obtained from optical and traditional auxiliary data. The proposed cloud computing-based workflow utilizing freely available Sentinel optical and radar imagery provides a cost-effective and reproducible approach for large-scale SOC mapping.","PeriodicalId":501007,"journal":{"name":"Soil and Tillage Research","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146146675","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study focuses on cold arid regions in Xinjiang, China, and investigates the reinforcement effect of Alhagi sparsifolia roots on sandy soil under freeze-thaw conditions. Freeze-thaw cycle and direct shear tests, combined with environmental scanning electron microscopy (ESEM), were conducted to analyze the effects of root reinforcement on the deformation and strength characteristics of sandy soil under varying soil water contents (8–14 %) and freezing temperatures (−5 to −20 ℃). The results revealed that soil deformation during freeze-thaw cycle underwent five distinct stages and was strongly controlled by soil water content and temperature. Root incorporation reduced the maximum soil deformation by more than 30 %, and the suppressive effect exceeded 51 % at high soil water content (14 %). In low-water-content soils (8 %), excessive root content (>0.35 %) induced deformation rebound, which was attributed to root clustering and the development of interfacial voids. At the optimal root content (0.28–0.35 %), the maximum shear stress of the root-soil composite increased by 5–45 %, with the specific magnitude depending on soil water content and freezing temperature. Moreover, the optimal root content (η) decreased with increasing soil water content. The results demonstrate the effectiveness of A. sparsifolia in enhancing soil stability under freeze-thaw conditions and highlight the nonlinear and moisture-sensitive characteristics of root reinforcement. This study provides a theoretical basis for optimizing vegetation-based slope stabilization strategies in cold arid environments.
{"title":"Effects of Alhagi sparsifolia root content and soil moisture content on soil deformation and strength under different freeze-thaw temperature conditions","authors":"Meixue Zhang, Qinglin Li, Xuanbing Luo, Wenjuan Chen, Rui Wang, Shuailong Yu, Guang Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.still.2026.107110","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2026.107110","url":null,"abstract":"This study focuses on cold arid regions in Xinjiang, China, and investigates the reinforcement effect of <ce:italic>Alhagi sparsifolia</ce:italic> roots on sandy soil under freeze-thaw conditions. Freeze-thaw cycle and direct shear tests, combined with environmental scanning electron microscopy (ESEM), were conducted to analyze the effects of root reinforcement on the deformation and strength characteristics of sandy soil under varying soil water contents (8–14 %) and freezing temperatures (−5 to −20 ℃). The results revealed that soil deformation during freeze-thaw cycle underwent five distinct stages and was strongly controlled by soil water content and temperature. Root incorporation reduced the maximum soil deformation by more than 30 %, and the suppressive effect exceeded 51 % at high soil water content (14 %). In low-water-content soils (8 %), excessive root content (>0.35 %) induced deformation rebound, which was attributed to root clustering and the development of interfacial voids. At the optimal root content (0.28–0.35 %), the maximum shear stress of the root-soil composite increased by 5–45 %, with the specific magnitude depending on soil water content and freezing temperature. Moreover, the optimal root content (η) decreased with increasing soil water content. The results demonstrate the effectiveness of <ce:italic>A. sparsifolia</ce:italic> in enhancing soil stability under freeze-thaw conditions and highlight the nonlinear and moisture-sensitive characteristics of root reinforcement. This study provides a theoretical basis for optimizing vegetation-based slope stabilization strategies in cold arid environments.","PeriodicalId":501007,"journal":{"name":"Soil and Tillage Research","volume":"93 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146146672","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nitrogen (N) fertilization is a critical management practice for enhancing soil organic matter (SOM) sequestration, yet its efficacy often varies unpredictably within intensive annual rotation systems. To unravel the phase-specific mechanisms regulating stabilization outcomes of straw-derived C and N, we conducted two in situ dual-labeled (13C and 15N) wheat and maize straw tracing studies nested within a 5-year field experiment under contrasting N rates (0, 150, and 250 kg N ha−1). We found that SOM stabilization outcomes were strictly regulated by the distinct biochemical environments inherent to each rotation phase. In the wheat straw phase, high N input (N250) primed an oxidative enzyme-bacterial pathway. Although this pathway generated substantial bacterial necromass (contributing up to 56.9 % of 13C-SOC), it was characterized by rapid turnover. Path analysis revealed that this intense bacterial cycling negatively impacted stable C retention (r = -0.83, P < 0.001), ultimately leading to a 17.6 % reduction in straw-derived mineral-associated organic carbon (13C-MAOC) content compared to N0. In contrast, the maize straw phase exhibited a distinct C and N decoupling, with 13C preferentially retained in particulate organic matter (POM) and 15N in MAOM. High N input activated a hydrolytic enzyme-fungal pathway, boosting fungal PLFAs by 70.8 % and necromass contribution to 31.7 %. Crucially, unlike the bacterial pathway in wheat, this fungal-mediated process acted as a strong positive driver of MAOM formation (r = 0.84, P < 0.001), facilitating the persistence of straw-derived C and N via physical and chemical protection. These findings demonstrate that N fertilization primes a leaky “bacterial turnover” pump in the wheat straw phase but a conservative “fungal persistence” pathway in the maize straw phase. Consequently, we propose a phase-specific N management strategy that combines moderate N inputs for wheat straw to minimize turnover losses with higher N inputs for maize to leverage fungal stabilization, thereby optimizing system-level C storage.
氮(N)施肥是提高土壤有机质（SOM）固存的关键管理措施，但在集约轮作系统中，其效果往往发生不可预测的变化。为了揭示调节秸秆碳氮稳定结果的阶段性机制，我们在5年的田间试验中进行了两项原位双标记（13C和15N）小麦和玉米秸秆追踪研究，分别在不同的施氮量（0、150和250 kg N ha−1）下进行。我们发现SOM稳定结果受到每个旋转阶段固有的不同生化环境的严格调节。在麦秸期，高N输入（N250）启动了一个氧化酶-细菌途径。尽管这一途径产生了大量的细菌坏死块（占13C-SOC的56.9% %），但其特点是快速转换。通径分析显示，这种强烈的细菌循环对稳定的碳保留产生了负面影响（r = -0.83,P <； 0.001），最终导致秸秆衍生矿物相关有机碳（13C-MAOC）含量与N0相比降低了17.6 %。相反，玉米秸秆阶段表现出明显的碳氮解耦，13C优先保留在颗粒有机质（POM）中，15N优先保留在MAOM中。高氮输入激活了水解酶-真菌途径，使真菌PLFAs提高了70.8% %，坏死团贡献提高了31.7% %。关键的是，与小麦中的细菌途径不同，真菌介导的这一过程是MAOM形成的一个强大的正驱动因素（r = 0.84,P <； 0.001），通过物理和化学保护促进秸秆来源的C和N的持续存在。这些发现表明，氮肥在小麦秸秆期启动了一个渗漏的“细菌周转”泵，而在玉米秸秆期启动了一个保守的“真菌持续”途径。因此，我们提出了一种阶段性氮素管理策略，将小麦秸秆的适度氮素投入与玉米的高氮素投入相结合，以最大限度地减少周转损失，从而利用真菌稳定，从而优化系统级碳储存。
{"title":"Nitrogen fertilization drives bacterial turnover versus fungal persistence for straw-derived C and N stabilization in a wheat-maize rotation","authors":"Guocui Ren, Xiuli Xin, Haowei Ni, Xianfeng Zhang, Lan Mu, Wenliang Yang, Shuchun Ge, Shaopu Pang, Anning Zhu","doi":"10.1016/j.still.2026.107111","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2026.107111","url":null,"abstract":"Nitrogen (N) fertilization is a critical management practice for enhancing soil organic matter (SOM) sequestration, yet its efficacy often varies unpredictably within intensive annual rotation systems. To unravel the phase-specific mechanisms regulating stabilization outcomes of straw-derived C and N, we conducted two <ce:italic>in situ</ce:italic> dual-labeled (<ce:sup loc=\"post\">13</ce:sup>C and <ce:sup loc=\"post\">15</ce:sup>N) wheat and maize straw tracing studies nested within a 5-year field experiment under contrasting N rates (0, 150, and 250 kg N ha<ce:sup loc=\"post\">−1</ce:sup>). We found that SOM stabilization outcomes were strictly regulated by the distinct biochemical environments inherent to each rotation phase. In the wheat straw phase, high N input (N250) primed an oxidative enzyme-bacterial pathway. Although this pathway generated substantial bacterial necromass (contributing up to 56.9 % of <ce:sup loc=\"post\">13</ce:sup>C-SOC), it was characterized by rapid turnover. Path analysis revealed that this intense bacterial cycling negatively impacted stable C retention (<ce:italic>r</ce:italic> = -0.83, <ce:italic>P</ce:italic> < 0.001), ultimately leading to a 17.6 % reduction in straw-derived mineral-associated organic carbon (<ce:sup loc=\"post\">13</ce:sup>C-MAOC) content compared to N0. In contrast, the maize straw phase exhibited a distinct C and N decoupling, with <ce:sup loc=\"post\">13</ce:sup>C preferentially retained in particulate organic matter (POM) and <ce:sup loc=\"post\">15</ce:sup>N in MAOM. High N input activated a hydrolytic enzyme-fungal pathway, boosting fungal PLFAs by 70.8 % and necromass contribution to 31.7 %. Crucially, unlike the bacterial pathway in wheat, this fungal-mediated process acted as a strong positive driver of MAOM formation (<ce:italic>r</ce:italic> = 0.84, <ce:italic>P</ce:italic> < 0.001), facilitating the persistence of straw-derived C and N via physical and chemical protection. These findings demonstrate that N fertilization primes a leaky “bacterial turnover” pump in the wheat straw phase but a conservative “fungal persistence” pathway in the maize straw phase. Consequently, we propose a phase-specific N management strategy that combines moderate N inputs for wheat straw to minimize turnover losses with higher N inputs for maize to leverage fungal stabilization, thereby optimizing system-level C storage.","PeriodicalId":501007,"journal":{"name":"Soil and Tillage Research","volume":"60 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146146697","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-09DOI: 10.1016/j.still.2026.107113
Hem C. Sharma, Wei Ren, Laura E. Lindsey, Hanna Poffenbarger, Pierre-Andre Jacinthe
While tillage management and nitrogen (N) fertilization can affect soil organic carbon (SOC) status, information is limited regarding the combined effect of these practices on SOC distribution between the labile particulate organic matter (POM) and the stable mineral-associated organic matter (MAOM) soil fractions. Given that low tillage intensity favors SOC protection and N fertilization increases crop residue input into soil systems, it was hypothesized that long-term no-till (NT) (compared to moldboard plow, MB) and high rate of N fertilization would enhance SOC stability by promoting the conversion of POM into stable MAOM. To test that hypothesis, surface (0–5 cm) and subsurface (15–30 cm) soil samples were collected from research plots (Kentucky, USA) under continuous corn (Zea mays L.) for 52 years, managed with either NT or MB, and receiving N fertilizer at 0, 84 or 168 kg N ha−1 y−1. Soil samples were fractionated using sonication and sieving (POM: >20 μm; MAOM <20 μm), and the amount of corn-derived C in each fraction was quantified using ¹ ³C natural abundance. Results showed that, in the surface soil layer, NT (compared to MB) enhanced total C and corn-derived C in both the POM and MAOM fractions whereas N application only impacted the MAOM fraction. Further, in the NT surface soil layer, the soil microbial biomass carbon (MBC), and the fungal-to-bacterial ratios were all higher than under MB. These, along with a strong relationship between MBC and MAOM, indicated greater retention of corn residue C as microbial by-products in MAOM under NT than MB. In the subsurface layer, the MAOM was also higher under NT than under MB (despite similar POM level), suggesting that leaching of dissolved organic C and subsequent formation of organo-mineral complexes at depth could be the underlying mechanism. Overall, NT positively impacted both the labile POM and the stable MAOM soil fractions, underscoring its contribution to soil health and SOC sequestration in agroecosystems.
虽然耕作管理和氮肥施用可以影响土壤有机碳（SOC）状态，但这些措施对土壤中稳定颗粒有机质（POM）和稳定矿物伴生有机质（MAOM）土壤组分之间有机碳分布的综合影响信息有限。考虑到低耕作强度有利于有机碳保护，而施氮增加了作物残茬对土壤系统的输入，我们假设长期免耕（NT）（相对于犁耕，MB）和高施氮量可以通过促进POM向稳定的MAOM转化来增强有机碳稳定性。为了验证这一假设，在美国肯塔基州的研究地块上，连续种植玉米（Zea mays L.） 52年，采用NT或MB管理，施氮量分别为0、84或168 kg N ha - 1 y - 1，收集表层（0 - 5 cm）和地下（15-30 cm）土壤样品。土壤样品采用超声波和筛分（POM: >20 μm; MAOM <20 μm）进行分选，每个分选组分中玉米衍生的碳含量采用¹ ³C自然丰度进行定量。结果表明，在表层土壤中，施用氮肥（与施用MB相比）提高了POM和MAOM组分的总C和玉米源C，而施用氮肥仅影响MAOM组分。此外，在NT表层，土壤微生物生物量碳（MBC）和真菌细菌比均高于MB，且MBC与MAOM之间存在较强的关系，表明NT下MAOM中玉米残碳作为微生物副产物的保留率高于MB。在亚表层，尽管POM水平相似，但NT下MAOM也高于MB。这表明溶解有机碳的浸出和随后在深部形成的有机矿物复合体可能是潜在的机制。总体而言，NT对土壤中稳定POM和稳定MAOM组分均有正向影响，表明NT对土壤健康和有机碳固存的贡献。
{"title":"Tracing the source of organic carbon in particulate and mineral-associated soil fractions in response to tillage and nitrogen fertilization intensities","authors":"Hem C. Sharma, Wei Ren, Laura E. Lindsey, Hanna Poffenbarger, Pierre-Andre Jacinthe","doi":"10.1016/j.still.2026.107113","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2026.107113","url":null,"abstract":"While tillage management and nitrogen (N) fertilization can affect soil organic carbon (SOC) status, information is limited regarding the combined effect of these practices on SOC distribution between the labile particulate organic matter (POM) and the stable mineral-associated organic matter (MAOM) soil fractions. Given that low tillage intensity favors SOC protection and N fertilization increases crop residue input into soil systems, it was hypothesized that long-term no-till (NT) (compared to moldboard plow, MB) and high rate of N fertilization would enhance SOC stability by promoting the conversion of POM into stable MAOM. To test that hypothesis, surface (0–5 cm) and subsurface (15–30 cm) soil samples were collected from research plots (Kentucky, USA) under continuous corn (<ce:italic>Zea mays</ce:italic> L.) for 52 years, managed with either NT or MB, and receiving N fertilizer at 0, 84 or 168 kg N ha<ce:sup loc=\"post\">−1</ce:sup> y<ce:sup loc=\"post\">−1</ce:sup>. Soil samples were fractionated using sonication and sieving (POM: >20 μm; MAOM <20 μm), and the amount of corn-derived C in each fraction was quantified using ¹ ³C natural abundance. Results showed that, in the surface soil layer, NT (compared to MB) enhanced total C and corn-derived C in both the POM and MAOM fractions whereas N application only impacted the MAOM fraction. Further, in the NT surface soil layer, the soil microbial biomass carbon (MBC), and the fungal-to-bacterial ratios were all higher than under MB. These, along with a strong relationship between MBC and MAOM, indicated greater retention of corn residue C as microbial by-products in MAOM under NT than MB. In the subsurface layer, the MAOM was also higher under NT than under MB (despite similar POM level), suggesting that leaching of dissolved organic C and subsequent formation of organo-mineral complexes at depth could be the underlying mechanism. Overall, NT positively impacted both the labile POM and the stable MAOM soil fractions, underscoring its contribution to soil health and SOC sequestration in agroecosystems.","PeriodicalId":501007,"journal":{"name":"Soil and Tillage Research","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146146671","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-09DOI: 10.1016/j.still.2026.107104
Shending Chen, Ahmed S. Elrys, Qiaodong Chi, Wenyan Yang, Lei Meng, Zucong Cai, Jinbo Zhang, Baojing Gu, Christoph Müller
Rice generally exhibits lower nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) than other crops, yet the nitrogen (N) process-level mechanisms underlying regional variation remain unclear. Here, we conducted a multi-scale investigation combining laboratory soil incubations, pot experiments with 15N tracings, and field trials across 50 soil samples from China’s rice fields. We quantified soil N transformation rates, evaluated pot-based NUE, and tested N management strategies in two paddy sites with contrasting soils. Results revealed substantial regional differences in gross N transformations, including mineralization, nitrification, and ammonium immobilization, with northern soils exhibiting longer mean retention times of ammonium (average 19.5 days) than southern soils (average 5.4 days). Ammonium retention time was more closely associated with NUE than temperature, precipitation, or nitrification rates. Field trials confirmed that ammonium-stabilizing treatments, particularly combined nitrification and urease inhibitors, improved both yield and NUE in alkaline soils. These findings provide a mechanistic basis for region-specific N management to enhance rice productivity while reducing environmental losses.
{"title":"Unraveling mechanistic insights into soil nitrogen transformation processes for improving NUE in paddy rice systems","authors":"Shending Chen, Ahmed S. Elrys, Qiaodong Chi, Wenyan Yang, Lei Meng, Zucong Cai, Jinbo Zhang, Baojing Gu, Christoph Müller","doi":"10.1016/j.still.2026.107104","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2026.107104","url":null,"abstract":"Rice generally exhibits lower nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) than other crops, yet the nitrogen (N) process-level mechanisms underlying regional variation remain unclear. Here, we conducted a multi-scale investigation combining laboratory soil incubations, pot experiments with <ce:sup loc=\"post\">15</ce:sup>N tracings, and field trials across 50 soil samples from China’s rice fields. We quantified soil N transformation rates, evaluated pot-based NUE, and tested N management strategies in two paddy sites with contrasting soils. Results revealed substantial regional differences in gross N transformations, including mineralization, nitrification, and ammonium immobilization, with northern soils exhibiting longer mean retention times of ammonium (average 19.5 days) than southern soils (average 5.4 days). Ammonium retention time was more closely associated with NUE than temperature, precipitation, or nitrification rates. Field trials confirmed that ammonium-stabilizing treatments, particularly combined nitrification and urease inhibitors, improved both yield and NUE in alkaline soils. These findings provide a mechanistic basis for region-specific N management to enhance rice productivity while reducing environmental losses.","PeriodicalId":501007,"journal":{"name":"Soil and Tillage Research","volume":"315 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146146673","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Farmland soil is a complex system involving the conversion of multiple biogenic elements, which plays a key role in maintaining soil ecological balance. Extracellular electron transfer (EET) is an essential driving force for material circulation and energy exchange. Thus, it affects the biogeochemical processes and cycles of soil elements, including mineral formation and evolution, nutrient cycling and even the removal of pollutants and the improvement of cultivated land quality. This review summarizes the progress of research on electron transfer in farmland soil. It provides an overview of electroactive microorganisms, electron transfer modes, and their coupled conversion with carbon, nitrogen, sulfur, and iron elements. Afterwards, future research directions are expected, including an in-depth exploration of electron transfer mechanisms, optimization of electron transfer pathways, and improvement of biogenic element conversion. This review puts forward a new way to regulate the biotransformation of elements and provides support for improving the fertility of farmland soil and promoting the sustainable development of agriculture.
{"title":"Electron transfer coupling with biogenic elements conversion in farmland soil: A review","authors":"Sihan Zhao, Guang Yang, Yuewei Yang, Xin Yu, Jialu Sun, Xiaolin Zhang, Pinpin Yang, Xiaodong Zhao, Xiaojing Li","doi":"10.1016/j.still.2026.107112","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2026.107112","url":null,"abstract":"Farmland soil is a complex system involving the conversion of multiple biogenic elements, which plays a key role in maintaining soil ecological balance. Extracellular electron transfer (EET) is an essential driving force for material circulation and energy exchange. Thus, it affects the biogeochemical processes and cycles of soil elements, including mineral formation and evolution, nutrient cycling and even the removal of pollutants and the improvement of cultivated land quality. This review summarizes the progress of research on electron transfer in farmland soil. It provides an overview of electroactive microorganisms, electron transfer modes, and their coupled conversion with carbon, nitrogen, sulfur, and iron elements. Afterwards, future research directions are expected, including an in-depth exploration of electron transfer mechanisms, optimization of electron transfer pathways, and improvement of biogenic element conversion. This review puts forward a new way to regulate the biotransformation of elements and provides support for improving the fertility of farmland soil and promoting the sustainable development of agriculture.","PeriodicalId":501007,"journal":{"name":"Soil and Tillage Research","volume":"315 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146146687","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-07DOI: 10.1016/j.still.2026.107103
Miyanda Chilipamushi, Claudia von Brömssen, Tino Colombi, Thomas Kätterer, Mats Larsbo
{"title":"Within-field variation in root-to-shoot ratios and root traits in spring barley: Implications for estimating carbon inputs","authors":"Miyanda Chilipamushi, Claudia von Brömssen, Tino Colombi, Thomas Kätterer, Mats Larsbo","doi":"10.1016/j.still.2026.107103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2026.107103","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":501007,"journal":{"name":"Soil and Tillage Research","volume":"92 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146134153","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Trade-offs between root exudation and root traits induced by coexisting species under a grazing gradient can mobilize available nitrogen to promote grassland productivity","authors":"Guisen Yang, Jirui Gong, Shangpeng Zhang, Ruijing Wang, Tong Wang, Yaohong Yu, Qin Xie","doi":"10.1016/j.still.2026.107108","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2026.107108","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":501007,"journal":{"name":"Soil and Tillage Research","volume":"303 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146134154","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-05DOI: 10.1016/j.still.2026.107102
Lucas Raimundo Rauber, Leonardo Khaoê Giovanetti, Carolina Oliveira De Alcântara, Pedro de Mello Holme, Cledimar Rogério Lourenzi, Claudinei Kurtz, Jucinei José Comin, Arcângelo Loss
{"title":"Functional differentiation of cover crops in the long-term no-tillage vegetable system","authors":"Lucas Raimundo Rauber, Leonardo Khaoê Giovanetti, Carolina Oliveira De Alcântara, Pedro de Mello Holme, Cledimar Rogério Lourenzi, Claudinei Kurtz, Jucinei José Comin, Arcângelo Loss","doi":"10.1016/j.still.2026.107102","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2026.107102","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":501007,"journal":{"name":"Soil and Tillage Research","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146134160","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-04DOI: 10.1016/j.still.2026.107097
Nannan Yue, Zhongbao Xin
{"title":"Microplastics in terraced topsoil under diverse land uses on the Chinese Loess Plateau","authors":"Nannan Yue, Zhongbao Xin","doi":"10.1016/j.still.2026.107097","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2026.107097","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":501007,"journal":{"name":"Soil and Tillage Research","volume":"76 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146134162","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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