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The FERONIA–RESPONSIVE TO DESSICATION 26 module regulates vascular immunity to Ralstonia solanacearum FERONIA-RESPONSIVE TO DESSICATION 26 模块调节血管对茄属拉氏菌的免疫力
Pub Date : 2024-11-13 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koae302
Bingqian Wang, Cailin Luo, Xiaoxu Li, Alvaro Jimenez, Jun Cai, Jia Chen, Changsheng Li, Chunhui Zhang, Lijun Ou, Wenxuan Pu, Yu Peng, Zhenchen Zhang, Yong Cai, Marc Valls, Dousheng Wu, Feng Yu
Some pathogens colonize plant leaves, but others invade the roots, including the vasculature, causing severe disease symptoms. Plant innate immunity has been extensively studied in leaf pathosystems; however, the precise regulation of immunity against vascular pathogens remains largely unexplored. We previously demonstrated that loss of function of the receptor kinase FERONIA (FER) increases plant resistance to the typical vascular bacterial pathogen Ralstonia solanacearum. Here, we show that upon infection with R. solanacearum, root xylem cell walls in Arabidopsis thaliana become highly lignified. FER is specifically upregulated in the root xylem in response to R. solanacearum infection, and inhibits lignin biosynthesis and resistance to this pathogen. We determined that FER interacts with and phosphorylates the transcription factor RESPONSIVE TO DESICCATION 26 (RD26), leading to its degradation. Overexpression and knockout of RD26 demonstrated that it positively regulates plant resistance to R. solanacearum by directly activating the expression of lignin-related genes. Tissue-specific expression of RD26 in the root xylem confirmed its role in vascular immunity. We confirmed that the FER–RD26 module regulates lignin biosynthesis and resistance against R. solanacearum in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum). Taken together, our findings unveil that the FER–RD26 cascade governs plant immunity against R. solanacearum in vascular tissues by regulating lignin deposition. This cascade may represent a key defense mechanism against vascular pathogens in plants.
一些病原体在植物叶片上定植,但另一些则侵入根部,包括脉管系统,导致严重的病害症状。植物先天免疫在叶片病理系统中得到了广泛的研究;然而,针对维管病原体免疫的精确调控在很大程度上仍未得到探索。我们以前曾证实,受体激酶 FERONIA(FER)的功能缺失会增强植物对典型维管束细菌病原体 Ralstonia solanacearum 的抵抗力。在这里,我们发现当拟南芥感染 R. solanacearum 时,拟南芥根木质部细胞壁会高度木质化。FER 在根木质部中特异性上调,以应对 R. solanacearum 的感染,并抑制木质素的生物合成和对该病原体的抵抗。我们确定 FER 与转录因子 RESPONSIVE TO DESICCATION 26(RD26)相互作用并使其磷酸化,从而导致其降解。RD26的过表达和基因敲除表明,它通过直接激活木质素相关基因的表达,积极调节植物对茄碱菌的抗性。RD26 在根木质部的组织特异性表达证实了它在维管免疫中的作用。我们证实,FER-RD26 模块调控番茄(Solanum lycopersicum)的木质素生物合成和对 R. solanacearum 的抗性。综上所述,我们的研究结果揭示了 FER-RD26 级联通过调节木质素沉积,在维管组织中控制植物对茄红素菌的免疫力。该级联可能代表了植物对维管束病原体的一种关键防御机制。
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引用次数: 0
Phosphoketolase and KDPG aldolase metabolisms modulate photosynthetic carbon yield in cyanobacteria 磷酸酮醇酶和 KDPG 醛缩酶代谢调节蓝藻的光合碳产量
Pub Date : 2024-10-29 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koae291
Ningdong Xie, Chetna Sharma, Katherine Rusche, Xin Wang
Cyanobacteria contribute to roughly a quarter of global net carbon fixation. During diel light/dark growth, dark respiration substantially lowers the overall photosynthetic carbon yield in cyanobacteria and other phototrophs. How respiratory pathways participate in carbon resource allocation at night to optimize dark survival and support daytime photosynthesis remains unclear. Here, using the cyanobacterium Synechococcus elongatus PCC 7942, we show that phosphoketolase integrates into a respiratory network in the dark to best allocate carbon resources for amino acid biosynthesis and to prepare for photosynthesis reinitiation upon photoinduction. Moreover, we show that the respiratory Entner-Doudoroff (ED) pathway in S. elongatus is incomplete, with its key enzyme 2-keto-3-deoxy-6-phosphogluconate (KDPG) aldolase exhibiting alternative oxaloacetate decarboxylation activity that modulates daytime photosynthesis. This activity allows for the bypassing of the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle when ATP and NADPH consumption for biosynthesis is excessive and imbalanced relative to their production by the light reactions, thereby preventing relative NADPH accumulation and ensuring optimal photosynthetic carbon yield. Optimizing these metabolic processes offers opportunities to enhance photosynthetic carbon yield in cyanobacteria and other photosynthetic organisms under diel light/dark cycles.
蓝藻约占全球净碳固定量的四分之一。在昼夜光/暗生长过程中,暗呼吸大大降低了蓝藻和其他光营养生物的总体光合碳产量。目前还不清楚呼吸途径如何参与夜间碳资源分配,以优化黑暗生存和支持白天光合作用。在这里,我们利用蓝藻细长球藻(Synechococcus elongatus PCC 7942)证明,磷酸酮醇酶在黑暗中融入呼吸网络,为氨基酸的生物合成分配最佳碳资源,并为光诱导后重新启动光合作用做好准备。此外,我们还发现拉长节尾柱虫的恩特纳-杜多罗夫(ED)呼吸途径是不完整的,其关键酶 2-酮基-3-脱氧-6-磷酸葡萄糖酸(KDPG)醛缩酶表现出替代性的草酰乙酸脱羧活性,可调节白天的光合作用。当用于生物合成的 ATP 和 NADPH 消耗过多且与光反应产生的不平衡时,这种活性可以绕过三羧酸(TCA)循环,从而防止 NADPH 的相对积累,确保最佳光合碳产量。优化这些代谢过程为提高蓝藻和其他光合生物在昼夜光/暗循环条件下的光合碳产量提供了机会。
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引用次数: 0
The kinase ATR controls meiotic crossover distribution at the genome scale in Arabidopsis 激酶 ATR 在拟南芥基因组尺度上控制减数分裂交叉分布
Pub Date : 2024-10-29 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koae292
Longfei Zhu, Julia Dluzewska, Nadia Fernández-Jiménez, Rajeev Ranjan, Alexandre Pelé, Wojciech Dziegielewski, Maja Szymanska-Lejman, Karolina Hus, Julia Górna, Mónica Pradillo, Piotr A Ziolkowski
Meiotic crossover, i.e., the reciprocal exchange of chromosome fragments during meiosis, is a key driver of genetic diversity. Crossover is initiated by the formation of programmed DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs). While the role of ATAXIA-TELANGIECTASIA AND RAD3-RELATED (ATR) kinase in DNA damage signaling is well-known, its impact on crossover formation remains understudied. Here, using measurements of recombination at chromosomal intervals and genome-wide crossover mapping, we showed that ATR inactivation in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) leads to dramatic crossover redistribution, with an increase in crossover frequency in chromosome arms and a decrease in pericentromeres. These global changes in crossover placement were not caused by alterations in DSB numbers, which we demonstrated by analyzing phosphorylated H2A.X foci in zygonema. Using the seed-typing technique, we found that hotspot usage remains mainly unchanged in atr mutants compared to wild-type individuals. Moreover, atr showed no change in the number of crossovers caused by two independent pathways, which implies no effect on crossover pathway choice. Analyses of genetic interaction indicate that while the effects of atr are independent of MMS AND UV SENSITIVE81 (MUS81), ZIPPER1 (ZYP1), FANCONI ANEMIA COMPLEMENTATION GROUP M (FANCM) and D2 (FANCD2), the underlying mechanism may be similar between ATR and FANCD2. This study extends our understanding of ATR’s role in meiosis, uncovering functions in regulating crossover distribution.
减数分裂交叉,即减数分裂过程中染色体片段的相互交换,是遗传多样性的关键驱动因素。交叉是由程序性 DNA 双链断裂(DSB)的形成启动的。虽然ATAXIA-TELANGIECTASIA和RAD3-RELATED(ATR)激酶在DNA损伤信号转导中的作用众所周知,但它对交叉形成的影响仍未得到充分研究。在这里,我们利用染色体间隔重组测量和全基因组交叉图谱研究表明,拟南芥(Arabidopsis thaliana)中 ATR 失活会导致显著的交叉重新分布,染色体臂上的交叉频率增加,而中心粒周围的交叉频率降低。我们通过分析拟南芥中磷酸化的H2A.X病灶证明,这些交叉位置的整体变化并不是由DSB数量的改变引起的。利用种子分型技术,我们发现与野生型个体相比,atr 突变体中的热点使用情况主要保持不变。此外,atr 在两个独立途径引起的交叉数量上没有变化,这意味着它对交叉途径的选择没有影响。遗传交互作用分析表明,虽然atr的影响独立于MMS和UV SENSITIVE81(MUS81)、ZIPPER1(ZYP1)、FANCONI ANEMIA COMPLEMENTATION GROUP M(FANCM)和D2(FANCD2),但ATR和FANCD2的潜在机制可能相似。这项研究拓展了我们对 ATR 在减数分裂中作用的认识,发现了其在调节交叉分布方面的功能。
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引用次数: 0
Ribosome binding of phasiRNA precursors accelerates the 24-nt phasiRNA burst in meiotic maize anthers 核糖体与 phasiRNA 前体的结合加速了减数分裂期玉米花药中 24-nt phasiRNA 的迸发
Pub Date : 2024-10-23 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koae289
Yingjia Han, Siqi Jiang, Xiaomei Dong, Xing Dai, Shunxi Wang, Ying Zheng, Ge Yan, Shengben Li, Liuji Wu, Virginia Walbot, Blake C Meyers, Mei Zhang
Reproductive phasiRNAs (phased, small interfering RNAs), produced from numerous PHAS loci, are essential for plant anther development. PHAS transcripts are enriched on endoplasmic reticulum-bound ribosomes in maize (Zea mays), but the impact of ribosome binding on phasiRNA biogenesis remains elusive. Through ribosome profiling of maize anthers at 10 developmental stages, we demonstrated that 24-PHAS transcripts are bound by ribosomes, with patterns corresponding to the timing and abundance of 24-PHAS transcripts. Ribosome binding to 24-PHAS transcripts is conserved among different maize inbred lines, with ribosomes enriched upstream of miR2275 target sites. We detected short open reading frames (sORFs) in the ribosome-binding regions of some 24-PHAS transcripts and observed a 3-nt periodicity in most sORFs, but mass spectrometry failed to detect peptides corresponding to the sORFs. Deletion of the entire ribosome-binding region of 24PHAS_NO296 locus eliminated ribosome binding and decreased 24-nt phasiRNA production, without affecting 24PHAS_NO296 transcript levels. In contrast, disrupting only the sORFs in 24PHAS_NO296 did not substantially affect the generation of 24-nt phasiRNAs. A newly formed sORF in these mutants may have re-directed ribosome binding to its transcripts. Overall, these findings demonstrate that sORFs facilitate ribosome binding to 24-PHAS transcripts, thereby promoting phasiRNA biogenesis in meiotic anthers.
由许多 PHAS 基因座产生的生殖性 phasiRNA(分阶段小干扰 RNA)对植物花药的发育至关重要。在玉米(Zea mays)中,PHAS 转录本富集在内质网结合的核糖体上,但核糖体结合对 phasiRNA 生物发生的影响仍然难以捉摸。通过对玉米花药 10 个发育阶段的核糖体分析,我们证明 24-PHAS 转录本与核糖体结合,其模式与 24-PHAS 转录本的时间和丰度相对应。核糖体与 24-PHAS 转录本的结合在不同的玉米近交系中是一致的,核糖体富集在 miR2275 目标位点的上游。我们在一些 24-PHAS 转录本的核糖体结合区检测到了短开放阅读框(sORFs),并观察到大多数 sORFs 具有 3-nt 周期性,但质谱分析未能检测到与 sORFs 相对应的肽段。删除 24PHAS_NO296 基因座的整个核糖体结合区可消除核糖体结合,减少 24-nt phasiRNA 的产生,但不影响 24PHAS_NO296 转录本的水平。相比之下,只破坏 24PHAS_NO296 中的 sORF 并不会对 24-nt phasiRNA 的产生产生实质性影响。这些突变体中新形成的 sORF 可能重新引导了核糖体与其转录本的结合。总之,这些研究结果表明,sORFs 促进了核糖体与 24-PHAS 转录本的结合,从而促进了减数分裂花药中 phasiRNA 的生物发生。
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引用次数: 0
EMBRYONIC FLOWER 1 regulates male reproduction by repressing the jasmonate pathway downstream transcription factor MYB26 EMBRYONIC FLOWER 1 通过抑制茉莉酸盐通路下游转录因子 MYB26 来调节雄性繁殖
Pub Date : 2024-10-22 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koae287
Zhijuan Chen, Jing Lu, Xiaoyi Li, Danhua Jiang, Zicong Li
The evolutionarily conserved Polycomb repressive complexes (PRC) mediate genome-wide transcriptional silencing and regulate a plethora of development, as well as environmental responses in multicellular organisms. The PRC2-catalyzed trimethylation of lysine 27 on histone H3 (H3K27me3) is recognized by reader-effector modules of PRC1 to implement gene repression. Here, we report that the Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) H3K27me3 effector EMBRYONIC FLOWER 1 (EMF1) interacts with and constrains the R2R3 DNA binding transcription factor MYB26 by a eudicot-conserved motif in the stamen. MYB26 activates the transcription of two NAC domain genes, NAC SECONDARY WALL THICKENING PROMOTING FACTOR1 (NST1) and NST2, whose encoded proteins mediate anther secondary cell thickening in jasmonate (JA)-regulated stamen maturation. In this process, the transcriptional activity of MYB26 is negatively modulated by the JAZ-PRC repressive complex to precisely regulate the expression of NST1 and NST2. Disruption of EMF1 repression stimulates MYB26, leading to the excessive transcription of the two NAC genes and male sterility. Our results reveal a novel mechanism in polycomb-mediated gene silencing and illustrate that the plant Polycomb complex regulates stamen development by preventing the hypersensitivity of JA responses in male reproduction.
进化保守的多聚核酸抑制复合体(PRC)介导全基因组转录沉默,调控多细胞生物的大量发育和环境反应。PRC2 催化的组蛋白 H3 上赖氨酸 27 的三甲基化(H3K27me3)被 PRC1 的阅读器效应模块识别,从而实现基因抑制。在这里,我们报告了拟南芥(Arabidopsis thaliana)H3K27me3效应因子EMBRYONIC FLOWER 1(EMF1)与R2R3 DNA结合转录因子MYB26相互作用,并通过雄蕊中的一个雌花保守基团对其进行限制。MYB26 可激活两个 NAC 结构域基因 NAC 次级壁增厚促进因子 1(NST1)和 NST2 的转录,这两个基因编码的蛋白质在茉莉酸盐(JA)调控的雄蕊成熟过程中介导花药次级细胞增厚。在这一过程中,MYB26 的转录活性受到 JAZ-PRC 抑制复合体的负调控,从而精确调节 NST1 和 NST2 的表达。EMF1 抑制的中断会刺激 MYB26,导致两个 NAC 基因的过度转录和雄性不育。我们的研究结果揭示了多聚酶介导的基因沉默的新机制,并说明植物多聚酶复合体通过防止雄性繁殖中JA反应的超敏性来调控雄蕊的发育。
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引用次数: 0
Correction to: Nitrate in 2020: Thirty Years from Transport to Signaling Networks. 更正:2020 年的硝酸盐:从运输到信号网络的三十年。
Pub Date : 2024-10-22 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koae265
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引用次数: 0
Building barriers: The role of MYB genes in rice root adaptation. 建立障碍:MYB 基因在水稻根系适应性中的作用。
Pub Date : 2024-10-22 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koae284
Gwendolyn K Kirschner
{"title":"Building barriers: The role of MYB genes in rice root adaptation.","authors":"Gwendolyn K Kirschner","doi":"10.1093/plcell/koae284","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/plcell/koae284","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":501012,"journal":{"name":"The Plant Cell","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142488224","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Illuminating the future: Enhanced glowing plants achieved by rewiring metabolism. 照亮未来:通过重新连接新陈代谢实现植物发光。
Pub Date : 2024-10-22 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koae286
Andrew C Willoughby
{"title":"Illuminating the future: Enhanced glowing plants achieved by rewiring metabolism.","authors":"Andrew C Willoughby","doi":"10.1093/plcell/koae286","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/plcell/koae286","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":501012,"journal":{"name":"The Plant Cell","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142488225","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Correction to: The plant cell wall-dynamic, strong, and adaptable-is a natural shapeshifter. 更正为植物细胞壁--动态、坚固、适应性强--是天然的变形器。
Pub Date : 2024-10-22 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koae266
{"title":"Correction to: The plant cell wall-dynamic, strong, and adaptable-is a natural shapeshifter.","authors":"","doi":"10.1093/plcell/koae266","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/plcell/koae266","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":501012,"journal":{"name":"The Plant Cell","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142488201","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
A dominant suppressor mutation sheds light on TGN sorting for exocytosis. 一种显性抑制突变揭示了 TGN 外吞分拣。
Pub Date : 2024-10-22 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koae285
Leonard Blaschek
{"title":"A dominant suppressor mutation sheds light on TGN sorting for exocytosis.","authors":"Leonard Blaschek","doi":"10.1093/plcell/koae285","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/plcell/koae285","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":501012,"journal":{"name":"The Plant Cell","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142488200","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
期刊
The Plant Cell
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