The seasonal growth–dormancy cycle is a critical adaptive trait that enables perennials from boreal and temperate regions to survive winter. This cycle is largely governed by spatiotemporal gene activity in the shoot apex, where chromatin states dynamically respond to seasonal environmental cues. However, the chromatin regulatory mechanisms underlying this response remain poorly understood. Here, we characterize chromatin dynamics in Populus shoot meristems across five key stages of the annual growth–dormancy cycle. By integrating data on chromatin accessibility, histone modifications, and transcriptomic dynamics, we reveal stage-specific and distinct (proximal–distal) chromatin reprogramming events that closely align with transcriptomic changes. We further demonstrate that deposition of the repressive histone mark H3K27me3 by the Polycomb Repressive Complex 2 plays a vital role in regulating growth–dormancy transitions. Manipulation of Populus LIKE HETEROCHROMATIN PROTEIN 1 (PtLHP1) expression alters dormancy release and bud break in hybrid poplar. PtLHP1 extensively co-localized with H3K27me3-marked chromatin regions, supporting its role in maintaining H3K27me3 homeostasis during seasonal transitions. Our study provides a comprehensive epigenetic landscape of seasonal growth regulation in trees and identifies potential molecular targets for understanding the mechanisms underlying phenological plasticity.
{"title":"Epigenetic reprogramming drives the annual growth–dormancy cycle in Populus","authors":"Yue Li, Xintong Xu, Kejing Wang, Zhenzhu Hu, Li Deng, Zhimin Zheng, Xiaokang Dai, Jihua Ding","doi":"10.1093/plcell/koag018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/plcell/koag018","url":null,"abstract":"The seasonal growth–dormancy cycle is a critical adaptive trait that enables perennials from boreal and temperate regions to survive winter. This cycle is largely governed by spatiotemporal gene activity in the shoot apex, where chromatin states dynamically respond to seasonal environmental cues. However, the chromatin regulatory mechanisms underlying this response remain poorly understood. Here, we characterize chromatin dynamics in Populus shoot meristems across five key stages of the annual growth–dormancy cycle. By integrating data on chromatin accessibility, histone modifications, and transcriptomic dynamics, we reveal stage-specific and distinct (proximal–distal) chromatin reprogramming events that closely align with transcriptomic changes. We further demonstrate that deposition of the repressive histone mark H3K27me3 by the Polycomb Repressive Complex 2 plays a vital role in regulating growth–dormancy transitions. Manipulation of Populus LIKE HETEROCHROMATIN PROTEIN 1 (PtLHP1) expression alters dormancy release and bud break in hybrid poplar. PtLHP1 extensively co-localized with H3K27me3-marked chromatin regions, supporting its role in maintaining H3K27me3 homeostasis during seasonal transitions. Our study provides a comprehensive epigenetic landscape of seasonal growth regulation in trees and identifies potential molecular targets for understanding the mechanisms underlying phenological plasticity.","PeriodicalId":501012,"journal":{"name":"The Plant Cell","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146101700","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Flowers of the coyote tobacco (Nicotiana attenuata) exhibit a distinct diurnal rhythm: they open at night, close the following morning, and repeat this movement over two days, synchronized with nighttime scent emission. While circadian clock components like LATE ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL (LHY) and ZEITLUPE (ZTL) are known to regulate floral rhythms in N. attenuata, the molecular mechanism underlying these processes remains largely unknown. Here, we identify the transcription factor CONSTANS-LIKE 5 (COL5) as a key regulator of flower opening and scent emission in N. attenuata and the large white petunia (Petunia axillaris). We screened for genes in N. attenuata corolla displaying (1) diurnal rhythms, (2) altered expression in ZTL mutants, and (3) co-regulation with EMISSION OF BENZENOIDS II. Using this multifaceted strategy, we found that col5 mutants exhibited incomplete flower opening and lacked emission of the major floral scent, benzylacetone, without affecting overall plant growth and floral development. Silencing the orthologous gene in P. axillaris produced similar phenotypes, confirming a conserved role for COL5 in facilitating flower opening and scent emission. These results demonstrate that COL5 coordinates circadian-regulated floral rhythms, advancing our understanding of the molecular basis underlying floral rhythms.
{"title":"CONSTANS-LIKE 5 facilitates flower opening and scent biosynthesis in Solanaceae.","authors":"Yuri Choi,Moonyoung Kang,Hyeonjin Kim,Taein Kim,Eunae Park,Jumi Kim,Hyunwoo Kim,Hyejung Yun,Hangah Lim,Youngbin Oh,Giltsu Choi,Sang-Gyu Kim","doi":"10.1093/plcell/koag016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/plcell/koag016","url":null,"abstract":"Flowers of the coyote tobacco (Nicotiana attenuata) exhibit a distinct diurnal rhythm: they open at night, close the following morning, and repeat this movement over two days, synchronized with nighttime scent emission. While circadian clock components like LATE ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL (LHY) and ZEITLUPE (ZTL) are known to regulate floral rhythms in N. attenuata, the molecular mechanism underlying these processes remains largely unknown. Here, we identify the transcription factor CONSTANS-LIKE 5 (COL5) as a key regulator of flower opening and scent emission in N. attenuata and the large white petunia (Petunia axillaris). We screened for genes in N. attenuata corolla displaying (1) diurnal rhythms, (2) altered expression in ZTL mutants, and (3) co-regulation with EMISSION OF BENZENOIDS II. Using this multifaceted strategy, we found that col5 mutants exhibited incomplete flower opening and lacked emission of the major floral scent, benzylacetone, without affecting overall plant growth and floral development. Silencing the orthologous gene in P. axillaris produced similar phenotypes, confirming a conserved role for COL5 in facilitating flower opening and scent emission. These results demonstrate that COL5 coordinates circadian-regulated floral rhythms, advancing our understanding of the molecular basis underlying floral rhythms.","PeriodicalId":501012,"journal":{"name":"The Plant Cell","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146069901","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Lorenz J Holzner, Lucia Östergaard Frank, Susanne Mühlbauer, Anna Müller, Laura Schröder, Charlotte Seydel, Jennifer Grünert, Rachael A DeTar, Katrin Philippar, Andreas Klingl, David Mendoza-Cózatl, Ute Krämer, Thomas Nägele, Bettina Bölter, Hans-Henning Kunz
Annually, chloroplasts fix 258 billion tons of CO2 through photosynthesis. Photosynthesis and other biochemical pathways require specific amounts of metal ions in the organelle. Transport proteins in the plastid inner envelope maintain the organellar ion homeostasis. Despite substantial progress over the last decades, many genes encoding plastid ion channels and ion carriers or their regulators remain unknown. To fill this knowledge gap, detailed information on the elemental composition of chloroplasts i.e., a plastid ionome, is needed. This will allow us to compare mutants of transporter candidates with wild-type plants. Here, we provide quantitative descriptions of chloroplast ionomes from Arabidopsis thaliana, the metal hyperaccumulator Arabidopsis halleri, Pisum sativum, and Nicotiana benthamiana and analyze similarities and distinctions. Using A. thaliana, we show that plastid ionomes can be genetically manipulated. Chloroplasts of OLIGOPEPTIDE TRANSPORTER3 (OPT3)-deficient mutants contain 14-fold more iron, likely associated with stromal FERRITIN. The removal of FERRITIN in opt3 mutants leads to a substantial decrease in plastid and leaf iron, pointing to an important role of ferritins in shaping the chloroplast ionome. Our study reveals that chloroplast ferritins can be turned into iron sinks. Since crop biofortification to fight hidden hunger has become a global mission, this research provides groundwork to reach this goal.
{"title":"The chloroplast ionome shines light on the dynamics of organellar iron homeostasis","authors":"Lorenz J Holzner, Lucia Östergaard Frank, Susanne Mühlbauer, Anna Müller, Laura Schröder, Charlotte Seydel, Jennifer Grünert, Rachael A DeTar, Katrin Philippar, Andreas Klingl, David Mendoza-Cózatl, Ute Krämer, Thomas Nägele, Bettina Bölter, Hans-Henning Kunz","doi":"10.1093/plcell/koag017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/plcell/koag017","url":null,"abstract":"Annually, chloroplasts fix 258 billion tons of CO2 through photosynthesis. Photosynthesis and other biochemical pathways require specific amounts of metal ions in the organelle. Transport proteins in the plastid inner envelope maintain the organellar ion homeostasis. Despite substantial progress over the last decades, many genes encoding plastid ion channels and ion carriers or their regulators remain unknown. To fill this knowledge gap, detailed information on the elemental composition of chloroplasts i.e., a plastid ionome, is needed. This will allow us to compare mutants of transporter candidates with wild-type plants. Here, we provide quantitative descriptions of chloroplast ionomes from Arabidopsis thaliana, the metal hyperaccumulator Arabidopsis halleri, Pisum sativum, and Nicotiana benthamiana and analyze similarities and distinctions. Using A. thaliana, we show that plastid ionomes can be genetically manipulated. Chloroplasts of OLIGOPEPTIDE TRANSPORTER3 (OPT3)-deficient mutants contain 14-fold more iron, likely associated with stromal FERRITIN. The removal of FERRITIN in opt3 mutants leads to a substantial decrease in plastid and leaf iron, pointing to an important role of ferritins in shaping the chloroplast ionome. Our study reveals that chloroplast ferritins can be turned into iron sinks. Since crop biofortification to fight hidden hunger has become a global mission, this research provides groundwork to reach this goal.","PeriodicalId":501012,"journal":{"name":"The Plant Cell","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146071647","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Ironing out the details: Fe homeostasis in the shoot and root is regulated by distinct actions of BTS/BTSL1/2 and bHLH IVc subgroup transcription factors.","authors":"Nataliia Konstantinova","doi":"10.1093/plcell/koag012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/plcell/koag012","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":501012,"journal":{"name":"The Plant Cell","volume":"66 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146033847","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Crop yield and sustainability rely on the ability of plants to perceive and efficiently use nutrients. When high carbon (C) to nitrogen (N) ratios are perceived, plants trigger a specific response leading to reduced growth and enhanced anthocyanin accumulation. Here, using (Arabidopsis thaliana), we provide genetic, molecular and physiological evidence supporting a role for DELLA proteins to control growth under C/N stress through a non-nuclear mechanism that regulates their stability. C/N stress response specifically requires the RGA (REPRESSOR OF ga1-3 1) and GAI (GIBBERELLIC ACID INSENSITIVE) DELLA proteins, whose stability is reduced by a membrane-associated mechanism independent of the canonical gibberellic acid (GA)-GID1 (GIBBERELLIN INSENSITIVE DWARF1) pathway. Although C/N stress enhances DELLA accumulation by reducing GA levels, it also promotes their ubiquitination and degradation via interaction with the ATL31 E3-ligase at the membrane, even in the absence of GAs or when GA-resistant alleles are used. Moreover, phenotypic traits known to be altered by DELLA levels are not affected by enhanced ATL31 expression in the absence of stress. We propose that this mechanism fine-tunes DELLA-mediated C/N stress responses without adverse effects on plant development.
{"title":"Membrane-associated DELLA degradation modulates growth under carbon/nitrogen imbalance.","authors":"Gerardo Carrera-Castaño,Iris Fañanás-Pueyo,Laura Celada-Bustillos,Julián Calleja-Cabrera,Héctor Molinelli-Rubiato,Ángela Contreras,Jan Eric Maika,Rüdiger Simon,Mónica Pernas,Luis Gómez,Luis Oñate-Sánchez","doi":"10.1093/plcell/koag013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/plcell/koag013","url":null,"abstract":"Crop yield and sustainability rely on the ability of plants to perceive and efficiently use nutrients. When high carbon (C) to nitrogen (N) ratios are perceived, plants trigger a specific response leading to reduced growth and enhanced anthocyanin accumulation. Here, using (Arabidopsis thaliana), we provide genetic, molecular and physiological evidence supporting a role for DELLA proteins to control growth under C/N stress through a non-nuclear mechanism that regulates their stability. C/N stress response specifically requires the RGA (REPRESSOR OF ga1-3 1) and GAI (GIBBERELLIC ACID INSENSITIVE) DELLA proteins, whose stability is reduced by a membrane-associated mechanism independent of the canonical gibberellic acid (GA)-GID1 (GIBBERELLIN INSENSITIVE DWARF1) pathway. Although C/N stress enhances DELLA accumulation by reducing GA levels, it also promotes their ubiquitination and degradation via interaction with the ATL31 E3-ligase at the membrane, even in the absence of GAs or when GA-resistant alleles are used. Moreover, phenotypic traits known to be altered by DELLA levels are not affected by enhanced ATL31 expression in the absence of stress. We propose that this mechanism fine-tunes DELLA-mediated C/N stress responses without adverse effects on plant development.","PeriodicalId":501012,"journal":{"name":"The Plant Cell","volume":"178 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146033846","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Positive-strand RNA [(+)RNA] viruses induce endomembrane remodeling to form viral replication organelles (VROs), which disrupt organelle homeostasis. How hosts restore organelle homeostasis and how these responses influence viral replication remain elusive. Using beet black scorch virus (BBSV), a (+)RNA virus that replicates on the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and induces severe deformation of ER membranes, as a model in Nicotiana benthamiana, we demonstrated that BBSV induces ER-phagy, primarily mediated by its auxiliary replication protein p23. p23 interacts with the ER-phagy receptor NbSec62, with phenylalanine at position 48 being critical for this interaction and ER-phagy induction. Upon BBSV infection, the unfolded protein response (UPR) is triggered to promote viral replication. However, the activation of the UPR also induces NbSec62-mediated ER-phagy to suppress BBSV replication. Furthermore, NbSec62 restricts other ER-replicating (+)RNA viruses, including tobacco mosaic virus and turnip mosaic virus. Our findings reveal NbSec62 as a restriction factor that interacts with BBSV VROs to regulate the balance of viral replication and ER homeostasis, providing insights into the UPR–ER-phagy signaling network in virus–host interactions.
{"title":"Sec62 restricts ER-replicating positive-strand RNA virus infections via UPR-dependent ER-phagy","authors":"Ruiqi Wang, Qianshen Zhang, Lifan Zhou, Dingliang Zhang, Yiping Wang, Xinyu Zhang, Xiuling Cao, Chenchen Zhong, Xiaofei Zhao, Meng Yang, Dawei Li, Xiaofeng Wang, Yongliang Zhang","doi":"10.1093/plcell/koag014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/plcell/koag014","url":null,"abstract":"Positive-strand RNA [(+)RNA] viruses induce endomembrane remodeling to form viral replication organelles (VROs), which disrupt organelle homeostasis. How hosts restore organelle homeostasis and how these responses influence viral replication remain elusive. Using beet black scorch virus (BBSV), a (+)RNA virus that replicates on the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and induces severe deformation of ER membranes, as a model in Nicotiana benthamiana, we demonstrated that BBSV induces ER-phagy, primarily mediated by its auxiliary replication protein p23. p23 interacts with the ER-phagy receptor NbSec62, with phenylalanine at position 48 being critical for this interaction and ER-phagy induction. Upon BBSV infection, the unfolded protein response (UPR) is triggered to promote viral replication. However, the activation of the UPR also induces NbSec62-mediated ER-phagy to suppress BBSV replication. Furthermore, NbSec62 restricts other ER-replicating (+)RNA viruses, including tobacco mosaic virus and turnip mosaic virus. Our findings reveal NbSec62 as a restriction factor that interacts with BBSV VROs to regulate the balance of viral replication and ER homeostasis, providing insights into the UPR–ER-phagy signaling network in virus–host interactions.","PeriodicalId":501012,"journal":{"name":"The Plant Cell","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146056257","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Beyond sequences: Structure-guided discovery of novel protein functions in plants.","authors":"Crispus M Mbaluto","doi":"10.1093/plcell/koag009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/plcell/koag009","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":501012,"journal":{"name":"The Plant Cell","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146005106","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Acidification of the battlefield: How Pst manipulates apoplastic pH homeostasis to promote stripe rust disease in wheat.","authors":"Margot Raffeiner","doi":"10.1093/plcell/koag010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/plcell/koag010","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":501012,"journal":{"name":"The Plant Cell","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145986352","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In most flowering plants, a single hypodermal cell from the ovule primordium differentiates into the megaspore mother cell (MMC) to initiate the female germline. However, how positional cues maintain this cell identity remains unclear. Here, we report that in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), the basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor genes PACLOBUTRAZOL RESISTANCE 1 (PRE1) and PRE2/3/5/6 (referred to as PREs), are expressed in the distal nucellus domain of ovule primordia. PRE proteins accumulate near the chalaza region of the ovule primordia, where the cytochrome P450 gene KLU (KLUH/CYP78A5)is also expressed. Ectopic expression of PREs driven by the KLU promoter or misexpression of KLU in the distal end of the ovule primordia caused the development of extra MMC-like cells. In the klu mutant, PRE protein localization extended towards the inner integument primordia and chalaza region. KLU physically interacts with PREs depending on the PRE M8 motif. The transcription factor BRASSINAZOLE-RESISTANT1 (BZR1) directly targets the PRE and KLU promoters and is expressed in all ovule primordia cells except the MMC. BZR1 physically interacts with SWR1 COMPLEX 6 (SWC6), and together they affect the chromatin state at PRE loci. In summary, the KLU-PRE module integrates brassinosteroid signaling with chromatin remodeling to establish positional cues that restrict MMC differentiation and female germline initiation to a single cell in Arabidopsis.
{"title":"The KLU-PRE module provides positional cues that maintain somatic cell identity around the megasporocyte cell in Arabidopsis.","authors":"Hanyang Cai,Youmei Huang,Liping Liu,Han Su,Xinpeng Xi,Yanfen Liu,Thomas Dresselhaus,Yuan Qin","doi":"10.1093/plcell/koag008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/plcell/koag008","url":null,"abstract":"In most flowering plants, a single hypodermal cell from the ovule primordium differentiates into the megaspore mother cell (MMC) to initiate the female germline. However, how positional cues maintain this cell identity remains unclear. Here, we report that in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), the basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor genes PACLOBUTRAZOL RESISTANCE 1 (PRE1) and PRE2/3/5/6 (referred to as PREs), are expressed in the distal nucellus domain of ovule primordia. PRE proteins accumulate near the chalaza region of the ovule primordia, where the cytochrome P450 gene KLU (KLUH/CYP78A5)is also expressed. Ectopic expression of PREs driven by the KLU promoter or misexpression of KLU in the distal end of the ovule primordia caused the development of extra MMC-like cells. In the klu mutant, PRE protein localization extended towards the inner integument primordia and chalaza region. KLU physically interacts with PREs depending on the PRE M8 motif. The transcription factor BRASSINAZOLE-RESISTANT1 (BZR1) directly targets the PRE and KLU promoters and is expressed in all ovule primordia cells except the MMC. BZR1 physically interacts with SWR1 COMPLEX 6 (SWC6), and together they affect the chromatin state at PRE loci. In summary, the KLU-PRE module integrates brassinosteroid signaling with chromatin remodeling to establish positional cues that restrict MMC differentiation and female germline initiation to a single cell in Arabidopsis.","PeriodicalId":501012,"journal":{"name":"The Plant Cell","volume":"40 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145986354","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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