Pub Date : 2025-08-01Epub Date: 2025-03-26DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroling.2025.101259
Miseon Lee , Hyoung Sun Kim , Gayoung Lee , Yuree Noh , Say Young Kim
This study examines the processing of sentential negation in Korean, a head-final language, within pragmatically felicitous contexts. Using an ERP truth-value judgment task, we found evidence suggesting that when the negator follows a clause-final verb in Korean, the negation is processed incrementally after the affirmative representation has been formed. Fifty-six Korean speakers judged true affirmatives faster and more accurately than false affirmatives, while negative sentences elicited slower and less accurate responses for both true and false trials. Notably, ERP results revealed that only negative sentences elicited enhanced neural activity during the 300–500 ms time window, indicating increased processing costs compared to affirmatives. These results suggest that postverbal negation in Korean involves two-step processing: the negative marker is processed sequentially after the verb, following the initial formation of the affirmative representation of the clause, even in pragmatically licensed contexts. This underscores the significance of language-specific attributes such as the placement of a negator relative to the verb in understanding how negation is processed.
{"title":"Incremental processing of postverbal negation: ERP evidence from Korean","authors":"Miseon Lee , Hyoung Sun Kim , Gayoung Lee , Yuree Noh , Say Young Kim","doi":"10.1016/j.jneuroling.2025.101259","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jneuroling.2025.101259","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study examines the processing of sentential negation in Korean, a head-final language, within pragmatically felicitous contexts. Using an ERP truth-value judgment task, we found evidence suggesting that when the negator follows a clause-final verb in Korean, the negation is processed incrementally after the affirmative representation has been formed. Fifty-six Korean speakers judged true affirmatives faster and more accurately than false affirmatives, while negative sentences elicited slower and less accurate responses for both true and false trials. Notably, ERP results revealed that only negative sentences elicited enhanced neural activity during the 300–500 ms time window, indicating increased processing costs compared to affirmatives. These results suggest that postverbal negation in Korean involves two-step processing: the negative marker is processed sequentially after the verb, following the initial formation of the affirmative representation of the clause, even in pragmatically licensed contexts. This underscores the significance of language-specific attributes such as the placement of a negator relative to the verb in understanding how negation is processed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50118,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Neurolinguistics","volume":"75 ","pages":"Article 101259"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143703975","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-08-01Epub Date: 2025-05-20DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroling.2025.101267
Ruoxuan Zhu, Xingsan Chai
Previous studies have shown that the constructed representations in online comprehension process are content-addressable, allowing the parser to retrieve dependencies between non-adjacent linguistic elements, such as reflexives and their antecedents, with syntactic and semantic cues serving as retrieval tools operating at distinct temporal stages. However, current research has not effectively addressed the retrieval patterns of Chinese ziji and ta-ziji in the binding of antecedents. This study employed event-related potentials (ERPs) to explore the roles of syntactic cues and animacy cues in the retrieval processes of ziji and ta-ziji using the sentence structure “P-NP1+VP1+P-NP2+ADV+VP2+ziji/ta-ziji+VP3+ADV+VP4+NP.” By constructing where reflexives could reference NP1, NP2, or both, the study examined cue effects. The results showed that ta-ziji elicited P300 and P600 effects when referencing out-of-domain antecedent NP1, reflecting the dominant role of syntactic cues in processing. In contrast, ziji did not produce significant electrophysiological responses but instead elicited P300 and P600 components when it could refer to both NP1 and NP2, indicating that animacy cues can guide the retrieval of ziji alongside syntactic cues during processing. These results suggest that the locality effect of ta-ziji is greater than that of ziji, with the former favoring the structure-favoring cue-based retrieval model, while the latter aligns with the standard cue-based retrieval model.
{"title":"Who is ziji or ta-ziji ? An ERP study on the processing mechanism of Chinese bare and compound reflexives","authors":"Ruoxuan Zhu, Xingsan Chai","doi":"10.1016/j.jneuroling.2025.101267","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jneuroling.2025.101267","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Previous studies have shown that the constructed representations in online comprehension process are content-addressable, allowing the parser to retrieve dependencies between non-adjacent linguistic elements, such as reflexives and their antecedents, with syntactic and semantic cues serving as retrieval tools operating at distinct temporal stages. However, current research has not effectively addressed the retrieval patterns of Chinese <em>ziji</em> and <em>ta-ziji</em> in the binding of antecedents. This study employed event-related potentials (ERPs) to explore the roles of syntactic cues and animacy cues in the retrieval processes of <em>ziji</em> and <em>ta-ziji</em> using the sentence structure “P-NP1+VP1+P-NP2+ADV+VP2+<em>ziji</em>/<em>ta-ziji</em>+VP3+ADV+VP4+NP.” By constructing where reflexives could reference NP1, NP2, or both, the study examined cue effects. The results showed that <em>ta-ziji</em> elicited P300 and P600 effects when referencing out-of-domain antecedent NP1, reflecting the dominant role of syntactic cues in processing. In contrast, <em>ziji</em> did not produce significant electrophysiological responses but instead elicited P300 and P600 components when it could refer to both NP1 and NP2, indicating that animacy cues can guide the retrieval of <em>ziji</em> alongside syntactic cues during processing. These results suggest that the locality effect of <em>ta-ziji</em> is greater than that of <em>ziji</em>, with the former favoring the structure-favoring cue-based retrieval model, while the latter aligns with the standard cue-based retrieval model.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50118,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Neurolinguistics","volume":"75 ","pages":"Article 101267"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144090430","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-05-01Epub Date: 2025-03-01DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroling.2025.101250
Rongjuan Zhu , Xiaoliang Ma , Xiaoqing Liu , Xuqun You
Auditory verbal working memory (AVWM) is a crucial cognitive process that allows individuals to store and manipulate auditory information. This study investigates the effects of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) on AVWM performance using nonsense auditory syllables and examines the role of different stimulation montages. Thirty healthy participants received tDCS with three stimulation montages: anode-left auditory cortex/cathode-left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), anode-left auditory cortex/cathode-right cheek, and sham stimulation. Results showed that anodal tDCS over the left auditory cortex with concurrent cathodal stimulation over the left DLPFC improved 1-back task performance, while anodal tDCS over the left auditory cortex with cathodal stimulation over the right cheek improved both 1-back and 2-back task performance. These findings suggest that the left auditory cortex plays a critical role in AVWM and highlight the importance of considering stimulation montage in tDCS studies.
{"title":"tDCS over the left auditory cortex enhances working memory of nonsense auditory syllables: The role of stimulation montages","authors":"Rongjuan Zhu , Xiaoliang Ma , Xiaoqing Liu , Xuqun You","doi":"10.1016/j.jneuroling.2025.101250","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jneuroling.2025.101250","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Auditory verbal working memory (AVWM) is a crucial cognitive process that allows individuals to store and manipulate auditory information. This study investigates the effects of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) on AVWM performance using nonsense auditory syllables and examines the role of different stimulation montages. Thirty healthy participants received tDCS with three stimulation montages: anode-left auditory cortex/cathode-left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), anode-left auditory cortex/cathode-right cheek, and sham stimulation. Results showed that anodal tDCS over the left auditory cortex with concurrent cathodal stimulation over the left DLPFC improved 1-back task performance, while anodal tDCS over the left auditory cortex with cathodal stimulation over the right cheek improved both 1-back and 2-back task performance. These findings suggest that the left auditory cortex plays a critical role in AVWM and highlight the importance of considering stimulation montage in tDCS studies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50118,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Neurolinguistics","volume":"74 ","pages":"Article 101250"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143518855","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-05-01Epub Date: 2025-01-14DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroling.2025.101245
Yilong Yang , Yadan Li , Jinyan Gu
Prior research has established a positive link between bilingualism and creativity. However, despite clear evidence for the positive role of L2 proficiency in creativity, few neuroimaging studies have provided insights into its underlying neural mechanisms. To bridge this gap, we employed a chain free association task and functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) to capture cortical activity in the temporo-parietal junction (TPJ) and the frontopolar cortex (FPC) during the task. Our behavioral results confirmed a positive association between L2 proficiency and creative performance. Neuroimaging data revealed that TPJ activity in bilinguals positively correlated with their creativity, while FPC activity was negatively correlated with their creativity. Furthermore, mediation analysis indicated that both TPJ and FPC activity mediated the relationship between L2 proficiency and creative performance. These preliminary findings suggest the potential involvement of both the default mode network (DMN) and the executive function network (EFN) in bilinguals’ creative cognition.
{"title":"The neural mechanisms of bilinguals’ creativity: A neuroimaging study","authors":"Yilong Yang , Yadan Li , Jinyan Gu","doi":"10.1016/j.jneuroling.2025.101245","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jneuroling.2025.101245","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Prior research has established a positive link between bilingualism and creativity. However, despite clear evidence for the positive role of L2 proficiency in creativity, few neuroimaging studies have provided insights into its underlying neural mechanisms. To bridge this gap, we employed a chain free association task and functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) to capture cortical activity in the temporo-parietal junction (TPJ) and the frontopolar cortex (FPC) during the task. Our behavioral results confirmed a positive association between L2 proficiency and creative performance. Neuroimaging data revealed that TPJ activity in bilinguals positively correlated with their creativity, while FPC activity was negatively correlated with their creativity. Furthermore, mediation analysis indicated that both TPJ and FPC activity mediated the relationship between L2 proficiency and creative performance. These preliminary findings suggest the potential involvement of both the default mode network (DMN) and the executive function network (EFN) in bilinguals’ creative cognition.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50118,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Neurolinguistics","volume":"74 ","pages":"Article 101245"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143177072","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-05-01Epub Date: 2025-01-05DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroling.2024.101244
Petr Krupa , Jaroslav Adamkov , Vendula Lednova , Petra Kasparova , Tomas Cesak
Although language disorders associated with the left supplementary motor area are well-known, a clear mechanism of this pathology is still not fully understood. In this study, we report the case of a right-handed patient who underwent resection of oligodendroglioma located in the right superior frontal gyrus. In the immediate postoperative period, he exhibited transient severe left hemiparesis together with complete aphasia, which both gradually improved after the 3rd postoperative day. Postoperative magnetic resonance imaging ruled out any vascular or other complications in the contralateral site related to speech disorders. After 3 months, the patient had almost fully recovered. To the best of their knowledge, the authors provide the first description of complete transient crossed aphasia associated with resection of the right supplementary motor area.
{"title":"Transient crossed aphasia associated with the right SMA syndrome following the resection of oligodendroglioma: A case report","authors":"Petr Krupa , Jaroslav Adamkov , Vendula Lednova , Petra Kasparova , Tomas Cesak","doi":"10.1016/j.jneuroling.2024.101244","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jneuroling.2024.101244","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Although language disorders associated with the left supplementary motor area are well-known, a clear mechanism of this pathology is still not fully understood. In this study, we report the case of a right-handed patient who underwent resection of oligodendroglioma located in the right superior frontal gyrus. In the immediate postoperative period, he exhibited transient severe left hemiparesis together with complete aphasia, which both gradually improved after the 3rd postoperative day. Postoperative magnetic resonance imaging ruled out any vascular or other complications in the contralateral site related to speech disorders. After 3 months, the patient had almost fully recovered. To the best of their knowledge, the authors provide the first description of complete transient crossed aphasia associated with resection of the right supplementary motor area.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50118,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Neurolinguistics","volume":"74 ","pages":"Article 101244"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143177074","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-05-01Epub Date: 2024-12-10DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroling.2024.101241
Er-Hu Zhang , Jing Qin
The present study used event-related potentials (ERPs) to investigate and compare the temporal dynamics of cross-linguistic lexical-semantic activation during English written and spoken word recognition in unbalanced Chinese (L1)-English (L2) bilinguals. Participants were tested in a L1-L2 translation recognition task, where L1 words were visually presented and L2 words were visually or auditorily presented. The ERP results revealed that, relative to the non-translation equivalents, the translation equivalents elicited a more negative N200 amplitude (100–300 ms, i.e., N200 enhancement effect) regardless of modalities. Furthermore, the ERP translation priming effects (i.e., less negative or more positive ERP waveforms) were observed in the 300-600-ms time period for within-modal presentation and 400-1000-ms time period for cross-modal presentation. The early N200 enhancement effects reflected a cross-linguistic whole-word orthographic activation during L2 written and spoken word processing and demonstrated a bidirectional interactive link between the L1 and L2 lexical representations, which was not modulated by the change of processing modality. The late ERP priming effects reflected the cross-linguistic lexical-semantic activation and integration processes at later stages. Additionally, the lexical-semantic link of within-modal L1-L2 word pairs was more robust than that of cross-modal pairs, as reflected by larger ERP priming effects in the typical N400 time period (300–500 ms). In contrast, bilinguals might need additional cognitive resources to integrate the lexical-semantic information of cross-modal word pairs, as reflected by larger ERP priming effects in the LPC time period (600–900 ms).
{"title":"Within- and cross-modal translation priming: An event-related potential investigation with Chinese-English bilinguals","authors":"Er-Hu Zhang , Jing Qin","doi":"10.1016/j.jneuroling.2024.101241","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jneuroling.2024.101241","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The present study used event-related potentials (ERPs) to investigate and compare the temporal dynamics of cross-linguistic lexical-semantic activation during English written and spoken word recognition in unbalanced Chinese (L1)-English (L2) bilinguals. Participants were tested in a L1-L2 translation recognition task, where L1 words were visually presented and L2 words were visually or auditorily presented. The ERP results revealed that, relative to the non-translation equivalents, the translation equivalents elicited a more negative N200 amplitude (100–300 ms, i.e., N200 enhancement effect) regardless of modalities. Furthermore, the ERP translation priming effects (i.e., less negative or more positive ERP waveforms) were observed in the 300-600-ms time period for within-modal presentation and 400-1000-ms time period for cross-modal presentation. The early N200 enhancement effects reflected a cross-linguistic whole-word orthographic activation during L2 written and spoken word processing and demonstrated a bidirectional interactive link between the L1 and L2 lexical representations, which was not modulated by the change of processing modality. The late ERP priming effects reflected the cross-linguistic lexical-semantic activation and integration processes at later stages. Additionally, the lexical-semantic link of within-modal L1-L2 word pairs was more robust than that of cross-modal pairs, as reflected by larger ERP priming effects in the typical N400 time period (300–500 ms). In contrast, bilinguals might need additional cognitive resources to integrate the lexical-semantic information of cross-modal word pairs, as reflected by larger ERP priming effects in the LPC time period (600–900 ms).</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50118,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Neurolinguistics","volume":"74 ","pages":"Article 101241"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143177069","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-05-01Epub Date: 2025-01-22DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroling.2025.101246
Svetlana Pinet
In this review, challenges related to the measurement of word durations in language production are identified, highlighting gaps in current theoretical frameworks and the resulting difficulty in interpreting available evidence. To compensate for limited theoretical predictions regarding response durations in spoken language, we turn to other fields, such as written production and motor control, to provide informative analogies. In written production, reliable effects on durations have been observed but the field similarly suffers from the absence of clear predictions from the available models, limiting interpretations. Since word durations are the result of motor programming and execution, evidence from motor control is particularly relevant. Recent theoretical proposals suggest that planning and execution stages overlap in time, with response planning continuing even after the initiation of the motor response, making variations in durations arise from either planning or execution processes. In addition, they propose a gating mechanism to launch response initiation. Similar dynamics could be easily assumed in language production, which could help bridge the gap from response selection to response execution and extend current models of language production to account for motor execution and predict word durations. We end by outlining pending questions for the field of language production, and some recommendations to tackle them in the future.
{"title":"The missing link between response selection and execution in language production","authors":"Svetlana Pinet","doi":"10.1016/j.jneuroling.2025.101246","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jneuroling.2025.101246","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this review, challenges related to the measurement of word durations in language production are identified, highlighting gaps in current theoretical frameworks and the resulting difficulty in interpreting available evidence. To compensate for limited theoretical predictions regarding response durations in spoken language, we turn to other fields, such as written production and motor control, to provide informative analogies. In written production, reliable effects on durations have been observed but the field similarly suffers from the absence of clear predictions from the available models, limiting interpretations. Since word durations are the result of motor programming and execution, evidence from motor control is particularly relevant. Recent theoretical proposals suggest that planning and execution stages overlap in time, with response planning continuing even after the initiation of the motor response, making variations in durations arise from either planning or execution processes. In addition, they propose a gating mechanism to launch response initiation. Similar dynamics could be easily assumed in language production, which could help bridge the gap from response selection to response execution and extend current models of language production to account for motor execution and predict word durations. We end by outlining pending questions for the field of language production, and some recommendations to tackle them in the future.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50118,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Neurolinguistics","volume":"74 ","pages":"Article 101246"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143177073","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-05-01Epub Date: 2024-12-24DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroling.2024.101242
Alba Casado , Jonas Walther , Agata Wolna , Jakub Szewczyk , Antonella Sorace , Zofia Wodniecka
Does a long-term stay in a foreign language country affect word retrieval in our native language? And if so, are the effects reversible? The present study explored the neural correlates of single-word production in the native language and their dynamics due to two types of changes in the language environment: long-term immersion in a foreign language (L2) environment and short-term reimmersion in a native language (L1) environment. We tested Polish-English migrants living in the UK (L2 environment) for an average of ten years and Polish-English controls living in Poland (L1 environment). All participants performed an L1 picture-naming task while we recorded their electrophysiological responses. The migrants were tested before and after visiting the L1 environment, while the controls were tested twice in their L1 environment. Our focus was on two event-related components previously associated with the ease of lexical access: P2 and N300. We found no modulations related to N300, but some in the P2 time window, although their distribution was more frontal than previously reported. There was no main effect of the long-term immersion in the L2 environment, suggesting that the effectiveness of producing words in L1 was similar across the two groups. However, the short-term change in the language environment modulated the early positivity in migrants: smaller frontal positivity was reported in response to picture naming after the short reimmersion in the L1 environment than during the L2 immersion. These results indicate that the short-term changes in the language environment induce modulations in the neural response, which may reflect higher proactive control applied in L1 production during L2 immersion and its reduction after short-term L1 immersion.
{"title":"Investigation of long- and short-term adaptations of the bilingual language system to different language environments: Evidence from the ERPs","authors":"Alba Casado , Jonas Walther , Agata Wolna , Jakub Szewczyk , Antonella Sorace , Zofia Wodniecka","doi":"10.1016/j.jneuroling.2024.101242","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jneuroling.2024.101242","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Does a long-term stay in a foreign language country affect word retrieval in our native language? And if so, are the effects reversible? The present study explored the neural correlates of single-word production in the native language and their dynamics due to two types of changes in the language environment: long-term immersion in a foreign language (L2) environment and short-term reimmersion in a native language (L1) environment. We tested Polish-English migrants living in the UK (L2 environment) for an average of ten years and Polish-English controls living in Poland (L1 environment). All participants performed an L1 picture-naming task while we recorded their electrophysiological responses. The migrants were tested before and after visiting the L1 environment, while the controls were tested twice in their L1 environment. Our focus was on two event-related components previously associated with the ease of lexical access: P2 and N300. We found no modulations related to N300, but some in the P2 time window, although their distribution was more frontal than previously reported. There was no main effect of the long-term immersion in the L2 environment, suggesting that the effectiveness of producing words in L1 was similar across the two groups. However, the short-term change in the language environment modulated the early positivity in migrants: smaller frontal positivity was reported in response to picture naming after the short reimmersion in the L1 environment than during the L2 immersion. These results indicate that the short-term changes in the language environment induce modulations in the neural response, which may reflect higher proactive control applied in L1 production during L2 immersion and its reduction after short-term L1 immersion.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50118,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Neurolinguistics","volume":"74 ","pages":"Article 101242"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143177070","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Social interactions are shaped by the way individuals communicate. Listeners form impressions based on how someone sounds, and the message conveyed can be interpreted differently depending on who the speaker is. We investigated on-line sentence processing focusing on the role of the speaker's gay- vs. heterosexual-sounding voice in the construction of meaning. Event-related brain potentials were recorded while participants listened to two gay- and two heterosexual-sounding male speakers uttering stereotypical sentences. We manipulated whether the sentences referred to professions stereotypically congruent or incongruent with the speakers' perceived sexual orientation. Results showed that the interplay between the speaker's voice and message content influenced sentence processing early after an incongruent stereotype was presented. The interaction was maximal at frontal sites, with a larger negativity for stereotypically-congruent than for stereotypically-incongruent professions when uttered by gay-sounding speakers. These results suggest that the perception of the speaker as gay- or straight-sounding is quickly used by listeners to build the message meaning. The inconsistency between vocal and linguistic information modulates a frontal negativity, potentially indicating control processes during sentence comprehension put in place to deal with the inconsistency.
{"title":"Does sounding ‘Gay’ or ‘Straight’ affect how we understand language? Sentence comprehension is regulated by the speaker's perceived sexual orientation","authors":"Simone Sulpizio , Fabio Fasoli , Gaia Lapomarda , Francesco Vespignani","doi":"10.1016/j.jneuroling.2025.101248","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jneuroling.2025.101248","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Social interactions are shaped by the way individuals communicate. Listeners form impressions based on how someone sounds, and the message conveyed can be interpreted differently depending on who the speaker is. We investigated on-line sentence processing focusing on the role of the speaker's gay- vs. heterosexual-sounding voice in the construction of meaning. Event-related brain potentials were recorded while participants listened to two gay- and two heterosexual-sounding male speakers uttering stereotypical sentences. We manipulated whether the sentences referred to professions stereotypically congruent or incongruent with the speakers' perceived sexual orientation. Results showed that the interplay between the speaker's voice and message content influenced sentence processing early after an incongruent stereotype was presented. The interaction was maximal at frontal sites, with a larger negativity for stereotypically-congruent than for stereotypically-incongruent professions when uttered by gay-sounding speakers. These results suggest that the perception of the speaker as gay- or straight-sounding is quickly used by listeners to build the message meaning. The inconsistency between vocal and linguistic information modulates a frontal negativity, potentially indicating control processes during sentence comprehension put in place to deal with the inconsistency.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50118,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Neurolinguistics","volume":"74 ","pages":"Article 101248"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143471419","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-05-01Epub Date: 2025-03-03DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroling.2025.101249
Hongli Liu , Jiayi Zhang , Feng Gu
Our ability to recognize tens of thousands of words is attributed to a rich lexicon in our brains, referred to as the orthographic lexicon. Understanding how this lexicon is organized in the brain is key to uncovering the neural mechanisms of visual word recognition. Event-related potentials (ERPs) are an effective tool for investigating these mechanisms. A widely observed phenomenon in orthographic processing is a 250-ms ERP difference between real words and pseudowords (or between high-frequency (HF) and low-frequency (LF) words). However, this 250-ms ERP difference has been explained by competing theories—one attributing it to the activation of the orthographic lexicon, and the other suggesting it represents a prediction error signal related to orthographic processing. To resolve this controversy, the present study uses handwritten words as control stimuli alongside printed words, as the 250-ms ERP difference is not observed with handwritten words. ERPs were obtained during an implicit reading task (color decision) for printed HF words, printed LF words, handwritten HF words, and handwritten LF words. The results show that the 250-ms ERP difference is significant when comparing printed LF words to printed HF words, handwritten LF words, and handwritten HF words. This finding indicates that the 250-ms ERP difference reflects increased neural activation to printed LF words compared to printed HF words, likely representing a prediction error signal in orthographic processing. These results support the Interactive Account of orthographic processing, clarify previous ERP findings in the literature, and underscore the potential applications of the 250-ms ERP difference (labeled as ND250) in future research.
{"title":"ND250 as a prediction error signal in orthographic processing: Evidence from comparing ERPs to handwritten and printed words","authors":"Hongli Liu , Jiayi Zhang , Feng Gu","doi":"10.1016/j.jneuroling.2025.101249","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jneuroling.2025.101249","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Our ability to recognize tens of thousands of words is attributed to a rich lexicon in our brains, referred to as the orthographic lexicon. Understanding how this lexicon is organized in the brain is key to uncovering the neural mechanisms of visual word recognition. Event-related potentials (ERPs) are an effective tool for investigating these mechanisms. A widely observed phenomenon in orthographic processing is a 250-ms ERP difference between real words and pseudowords (or between high-frequency (HF) and low-frequency (LF) words). However, this 250-ms ERP difference has been explained by competing theories—one attributing it to the activation of the orthographic lexicon, and the other suggesting it represents a prediction error signal related to orthographic processing. To resolve this controversy, the present study uses handwritten words as control stimuli alongside printed words, as the 250-ms ERP difference is not observed with handwritten words. ERPs were obtained during an implicit reading task (color decision) for printed HF words, printed LF words, handwritten HF words, and handwritten LF words. The results show that the 250-ms ERP difference is significant when comparing printed LF words to printed HF words, handwritten LF words, and handwritten HF words. This finding indicates that the 250-ms ERP difference reflects increased neural activation to printed LF words compared to printed HF words, likely representing a prediction error signal in orthographic processing. These results support the Interactive Account of orthographic processing, clarify previous ERP findings in the literature, and underscore the potential applications of the 250-ms ERP difference (labeled as ND250) in future research.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50118,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Neurolinguistics","volume":"74 ","pages":"Article 101249"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143529775","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：
京公网安备 11010802042870号