Pub Date : 2025-09-11DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroling.2025.101288
Chanyuan Gu , Yingying Peng , Ping Li
Since Grosjean (1992) and other colleagues proposed bilingualism as a dynamic and interactive process, the field has advanced significantly, enabled by both theoretical developments in bilingual studies and technological innovations. This article is focused on bilingualism research as a highly interdisciplinary enterprise along with the impacts that other fields have had to advance it, in the past and for the future. Behavioral and neurocognitive evidence has shown the broad consequences of bilingualism on human behavior and brain architecture beyond cognition. In addition, recent neurocognitive work using cutting-edge data analytics has demonstrated shared and unique neural correlates of bilingual language representation and processing in humans and machines, spanning from lexical processing to discourse comprehension. Furthermore, emerging technologies have been found to enhance second language learning by providing virtual embodied environments that stimulate learning and motivation. We conclude that interdisciplinary approaches have empowered researchers to gain deeper insights into the dynamic and interactive nature of bilingualism, and we call for continued joint efforts in the study of the bilingual mind and brain in this new era of AI and digital technologies.
{"title":"Advances in bilingualism as a dynamic process: 30 years of exploration in bilingual mind and brain","authors":"Chanyuan Gu , Yingying Peng , Ping Li","doi":"10.1016/j.jneuroling.2025.101288","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jneuroling.2025.101288","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Since Grosjean (1992) and other colleagues proposed bilingualism as a dynamic and interactive process, the field has advanced significantly, enabled by both theoretical developments in bilingual studies and technological innovations. This article is focused on bilingualism research as a highly interdisciplinary enterprise along with the impacts that other fields have had to advance it, in the past and for the future. Behavioral and neurocognitive evidence has shown the broad consequences of bilingualism on human behavior and brain architecture beyond cognition. In addition, recent neurocognitive work using cutting-edge data analytics has demonstrated shared and unique neural correlates of bilingual language representation and processing in humans and machines, spanning from lexical processing to discourse comprehension. Furthermore, emerging technologies have been found to enhance second language learning by providing virtual embodied environments that stimulate learning and motivation. We conclude that interdisciplinary approaches have empowered researchers to gain deeper insights into the dynamic and interactive nature of bilingualism, and we call for continued joint efforts in the study of the bilingual mind and brain in this new era of AI and digital technologies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50118,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Neurolinguistics","volume":"77 ","pages":"Article 101288"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145050278","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-09-03DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroling.2025.101289
Shanna Kousaie , Denise Klein
Multilingual and bilingual environments provide natural settings to study the implications of acquiring and developing competence in more than one language. Models of language processing have often focused on monolingual contexts, but researchers who live in countries where bilingualism and multilingualism are the norm, have an opportunity to extend these ideas; the work discussed here focuses on two such linguistic contexts, South Africa and Canada. In 1992, Klein and Doctor took inspiration from English-Afrikaans bilinguals to extend models of monolingual processing to bilingual individuals. Since then, Klein and colleagues have taken advantage of the unique language environment of Quebec, Canada, and the substantial possibilities arising from the burgeoning field of functional neuroimaging to explore how two languages exist in a single cognitive system and what that tells us about neural representations. More recently there has been a burgeoning of research in this field, examining also the implications of bilingual language processing for cognition more generally. Our paper reviews the progress made in the field, from the original findings of Klein and Doctor to key findings and advances that have taken place since then.
{"title":"Advances in our understanding of bilingual brain organization: A look back and a view forward","authors":"Shanna Kousaie , Denise Klein","doi":"10.1016/j.jneuroling.2025.101289","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jneuroling.2025.101289","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Multilingual and bilingual environments provide natural settings to study the implications of acquiring and developing competence in more than one language. Models of language processing have often focused on monolingual contexts, but researchers who live in countries where bilingualism and multilingualism are the norm, have an opportunity to extend these ideas; the work discussed here focuses on two such linguistic contexts, South Africa and Canada. In 1992, Klein and Doctor took inspiration from English-Afrikaans bilinguals to extend models of monolingual processing to bilingual individuals. Since then, Klein and colleagues have taken advantage of the unique language environment of Quebec, Canada, and the substantial possibilities arising from the burgeoning field of functional neuroimaging to explore how two languages exist in a single cognitive system and what that tells us about neural representations. More recently there has been a burgeoning of research in this field, examining also the implications of bilingual language processing for cognition more generally. Our paper reviews the progress made in the field, from the original findings of Klein and Doctor to key findings and advances that have taken place since then.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50118,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Neurolinguistics","volume":"76 ","pages":"Article 101289"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144988214","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-08-27DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroling.2025.101286
Binyuan Zhuang , Shuting Hu , Lijuan Liang
The allocation of L2 learners’ attention to meaning and form across visual and aural modalities has been a critical area of research for decades. However, there is ongoing debate about whether L2 learners struggle to attend to both meaning and form simultaneously in the aural modality. This study investigates how L2 learners process morpho-syntactic form across these modalities when asked to read or listen for comprehension, and examines the modulatory role of working memory (WM). Thirty-four Chinese L2 learners of English with intermediate-high L2 proficiency completed story listening and reading comprehension tasks while ERP data was recorded, time-locked to the onset of the progressive marker “-ing”. Participants were unaware of 40 correct and 40 omitted uses of the marker. They also completed tasks assessing executive, phonological, and visuospatial WM. Linear mixed-effects models revealed that: (1) In the visual modality, syntactic violations elicited larger anterior negativity (AN) than correct forms within 300–500 ms and 500–800 ms, while in the aural modality, syntactic violations did not induce significant changes in ERP deflections compared with correct forms in the same time windows; (2) A significant interaction between Syntactic Correctness, executive WM and visuospatial WM was found only in the visual modality within 300–500ms. While Participants with high executive WM showed early ERP responses to syntactic violations, participants with low executive WM showed similar patterns only when their visuospatial WM was high. These findings suggest that L2 learners could attend to form in the visual modality, whereas such sensitivity may be less observable in the aural modality under the present experimental conditions. Moreover, visuospatial WM and executive WM interactively influence the early detection of morpho-syntactic features in the visual input.
{"title":"Attention to L2 morpho-syntactic form across visual and aural modalities and the modulation of working memory: ERP evidence","authors":"Binyuan Zhuang , Shuting Hu , Lijuan Liang","doi":"10.1016/j.jneuroling.2025.101286","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jneuroling.2025.101286","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The allocation of L2 learners’ attention to meaning and form across visual and aural modalities has been a critical area of research for decades. However, there is ongoing debate about whether L2 learners struggle to attend to both meaning and form simultaneously in the aural modality. This study investigates how L2 learners process morpho-syntactic form across these modalities when asked to read or listen for comprehension, and examines the modulatory role of working memory (WM). Thirty-four Chinese L2 learners of English with intermediate-high L2 proficiency completed story listening and reading comprehension tasks while ERP data was recorded, time-locked to the onset of the progressive marker “-<em>ing</em>”. Participants were unaware of 40 correct and 40 omitted uses of the marker. They also completed tasks assessing executive, phonological, and visuospatial WM. Linear mixed-effects models revealed that: (1) In the visual modality, syntactic violations elicited larger anterior negativity (AN) than correct forms within 300–500 ms and 500–800 ms, while in the aural modality, syntactic violations did not induce significant changes in ERP deflections compared with correct forms in the same time windows; (2) A significant interaction between Syntactic Correctness, executive WM and visuospatial WM was found only in the visual modality within 300–500ms. While Participants with high executive WM showed early ERP responses to syntactic violations, participants with low executive WM showed similar patterns only when their visuospatial WM was high. These findings suggest that L2 learners could attend to form in the visual modality, whereas such sensitivity may be less observable in the aural modality under the present experimental conditions. Moreover, visuospatial WM and executive WM interactively influence the early detection of morpho-syntactic features in the visual input.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50118,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Neurolinguistics","volume":"76 ","pages":"Article 101286"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144902346","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-08-25DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroling.2025.101284
Lydia Dorokhova , Shen Shiqing , Peirolo Morgane , Anton Jean-Luc , Nazarian Bruno , Sein Julien , Chanoine Valérie , Belin Pascal , Kep Kee Loh , Runnqvist Elin
Speech error monitoring recruits the medial frontal cortex (MFC) region in the human brain. Error monitoring-related activity in the MFC has been interpreted both in terms of conflict monitoring and feedback-driven control, but as similar regions of the MFC are implicated in various levels of behavioral control ranging from basic motor movement control to high-level cognitive control functions, a more comprehensive account is needed. Moreover, as speech errors and other actions that involve varying control demands engage a widespread yet partially overlapping set of regions of the MFC, such an account should ideally explain the anatomical distribution of error-related functional activations within the MFC. Here we wanted to assess the hypothesis that the MFC has a similar role in the evaluation of action outcomes for motor and mental actions, operating along a rostral-caudal gradient of higher-lower degree of cognitive control demands involving prediction errors from both sensory and epistemic sources. To this end, we conducted an individual-specific annotation of task-fMRI BOLD activation peaks related to overt speech error monitoring (i.e. that involve the largest degree of cognitive control demands, Study I and II), tongue movement monitoring (i.e. that involve an intermediate degree of cognitive control demands) and tongue movement (i.e. that involve the lowest degree of cognitive control demands, Study II) in the MFC region. Results revealed overlapping clusters across the three contrasts across the MFC, but importantly both the number of peaks and their relative position along the rostral caudal axis were consistent with a hierarchical rostral caudal processing gradient in the MFC. While tongue movement showed more caudal activation in the MFC, overt speech error monitoring showed more rostral activation, and tongue movement monitoring patterned in between. Furthermore, the combined results of both studies suggested that activation peaks were located more dorsally for participants that had a paracingulate gyrus, replicating a previously documented effect for movement and further supporting a common functional role of the MFC across very distinct actions.
{"title":"From movements to words: action monitoring in the medial frontal cortex along a caudal to rostral prediction error gradient","authors":"Lydia Dorokhova , Shen Shiqing , Peirolo Morgane , Anton Jean-Luc , Nazarian Bruno , Sein Julien , Chanoine Valérie , Belin Pascal , Kep Kee Loh , Runnqvist Elin","doi":"10.1016/j.jneuroling.2025.101284","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jneuroling.2025.101284","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Speech error monitoring recruits the medial frontal cortex (MFC) region in the human brain. Error monitoring-related activity in the MFC has been interpreted both in terms of conflict monitoring and feedback-driven control, but as similar regions of the MFC are implicated in various levels of behavioral control ranging from basic motor movement control to high-level cognitive control functions, a more comprehensive account is needed. Moreover, as speech errors and other actions that involve varying control demands engage a widespread yet partially overlapping set of regions of the MFC, such an account should ideally explain the anatomical distribution of error-related functional activations within the MFC. Here we wanted to assess the hypothesis that the MFC has a similar role in the evaluation of action outcomes for motor and mental actions, operating along a rostral-caudal gradient of higher-lower degree of cognitive control demands involving prediction errors from both sensory and epistemic sources. To this end, we conducted an individual-specific annotation of task-fMRI BOLD activation peaks related to overt speech error monitoring (i.e. that involve the largest degree of cognitive control demands, Study I and II), tongue movement monitoring (i.e. that involve an intermediate degree of cognitive control demands) and tongue movement (i.e. that involve the lowest degree of cognitive control demands, Study II) in the MFC region. Results revealed overlapping clusters across the three contrasts across the MFC, but importantly both the number of peaks and their relative position along the rostral caudal axis were consistent with a hierarchical rostral caudal processing gradient in the MFC. While tongue movement showed more caudal activation in the MFC, overt speech error monitoring showed more rostral activation, and tongue movement monitoring patterned in between. Furthermore, the combined results of both studies suggested that activation peaks were located more dorsally for participants that had a paracingulate gyrus, replicating a previously documented effect for movement and further supporting a common functional role of the MFC across very distinct actions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50118,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Neurolinguistics","volume":"76 ","pages":"Article 101284"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144893237","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-08-02DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroling.2025.101285
Yusheng Y.S.Wang , Katherine D. Andrade , Elizabeth J. Anderson , Leena Kansal , Carrie McDonald , Sharona Ben-Haim , Jerry Shih , Ashkan Ashrafi , Stephanie K. Riès
This study investigates functional connectivity patterns between brain regions supporting speech monitoring in seven participants with epilepsy undergoing stereotactic electroencephalographic (SEEG) monitoring and participating in a picture-word interference (PWI) task. Using graph signal processing (GSP) techniques, we found that three brain regions previously associated with speech monitoring processes, namely the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), superior temporal gyrus (STG), and insula, functionally interact with each other and other regions around vocal onset and that these connections are more probable in errors than correct trials. Furthermore, the timing of their involvement in functional connectivity metrics indicates that they play distinct yet complementary roles in inner and outer speech monitoring. Specifically, the ACC maintains constant connectivity patterns before and after vocal onset, suggesting a continuous role in proactive and reactive speech monitoring. The STG shows stronger connectivity after vocal onset, consistent with its role in processing auditory feedback and external monitoring. Conversely, the insula exhibits stronger connectivity before vocal onset than after, suggesting that it plays a role in articulatory planning and inner speech monitoring. Our results align with the conflict-based account of speech monitoring in language production and suggest that inner and outer speech monitoring are supported by dynamic interactions between key brain regions of a network.
{"title":"Brain interactions underlying speech monitoring in language production","authors":"Yusheng Y.S.Wang , Katherine D. Andrade , Elizabeth J. Anderson , Leena Kansal , Carrie McDonald , Sharona Ben-Haim , Jerry Shih , Ashkan Ashrafi , Stephanie K. Riès","doi":"10.1016/j.jneuroling.2025.101285","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jneuroling.2025.101285","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates functional connectivity patterns between brain regions supporting speech monitoring in seven participants with epilepsy undergoing stereotactic electroencephalographic (SEEG) monitoring and participating in a picture-word interference (PWI) task. Using graph signal processing (GSP) techniques, we found that three brain regions previously associated with speech monitoring processes, namely the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), superior temporal gyrus (STG), and insula, functionally interact with each other and other regions around vocal onset and that these connections are more probable in errors than correct trials. Furthermore, the timing of their involvement in functional connectivity metrics indicates that they play distinct yet complementary roles in inner and outer speech monitoring. Specifically, the ACC maintains constant connectivity patterns before and after vocal onset, suggesting a continuous role in proactive and reactive speech monitoring. The STG shows stronger connectivity after vocal onset, consistent with its role in processing auditory feedback and external monitoring. Conversely, the insula exhibits stronger connectivity before vocal onset than after, suggesting that it plays a role in articulatory planning and inner speech monitoring. Our results align with the conflict-based account of speech monitoring in language production and suggest that inner and outer speech monitoring are supported by dynamic interactions between key brain regions of a network.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50118,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Neurolinguistics","volume":"76 ","pages":"Article 101285"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144757120","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-07-19DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroling.2025.101281
Laurent Dekydtspotter , A. Kate Miller , Mike Iverson , Jih-ho Cha , Jane A. Gilbert , Jae Hyun Ahn , Kent Meinert , Ludan Yang , Hongyu Zhang
Recent theoretical proposals identify cortical gamma (γ) oscillations as signaling a mechanistic γ operational workspace (e.g., Murphy, 2024). Following the hypothesis that first (L1) and second (L2) languages involve shared neurofunctional mechanisms (Green & Abutalebi, 2008), we document cortical γ oscillatory dynamics in processing wh-filler-gap dependencies across a clause edge such as ‘Which decision regarding/about him did Paul say that Lydie had rejected without hesitation?’ in L1 and L2 French using electroencephalography. We manipulated wh-filler grammatical specifications with modifiers (Mods) vs. lexically specified complements (Comps) and with pronouns marked for antecedent gender or not. We used cluster-based non-parametric permutation tests (Oostenveld et al., 2011) in an analysis window covering ‘said that’ in two bins: 30–100Hz (broadband γ) and 30–50Hz (low γ). Event-related power differences (ERPDs) showed greater power for Comps than Mods and for antecedent-gender-specified than gender-unspecified Comps across L1 and L2. Narrowband/low-γ effects started in advance of bridge verb access and were maintained after verb access into the subordinator. These significant effects were echoed by broadband-γ ERPDs timed with the verb and subordinator, suggesting output activity in object creation. Two bursts of between-group ERPDs in low and broadband γ, respectively, reflected the (lack of) antecedent-gender specification of pronouns in anaphora relations. Hence, these patterns of oscillatory dynamics suggest that similarities and differences between L1 and L2 are accounted for by a γ-implemented operational workspace (Murphy, 2024) that enables the creation of structural and referential chain objects (Dekydtspotter et al., 2024).
{"title":"A γ operational workspace for syntax in L1 and L2 processing: evidence from recursive re-representations of wh-fillers in French","authors":"Laurent Dekydtspotter , A. Kate Miller , Mike Iverson , Jih-ho Cha , Jane A. Gilbert , Jae Hyun Ahn , Kent Meinert , Ludan Yang , Hongyu Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.jneuroling.2025.101281","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jneuroling.2025.101281","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Recent theoretical proposals identify cortical gamma (γ) oscillations as signaling a mechanistic γ operational workspace (e.g., Murphy, 2024). Following the hypothesis that first (L1) and second (L2) languages involve shared neurofunctional mechanisms (Green & Abutalebi, 2008), we document cortical γ oscillatory dynamics in processing <em>wh</em>-filler-gap dependencies across a clause edge such as ‘<em>Which decision regarding/about him did Paul say that Lydie had rejected without hesitation?’</em> in L1 and L2 French using electroencephalography. We manipulated <em>wh</em>-filler grammatical specifications with modifiers (Mods) vs. lexically specified complements (Comps) and with pronouns marked for antecedent gender or not. We used cluster-based non-parametric permutation tests (Oostenveld et al., 2011) in an analysis window covering ‘said that’ in two bins: 30–100Hz (broadband γ) and 30–50Hz (low γ). Event-related power differences (ERPDs) showed greater power for Comps than Mods and for antecedent-gender-specified than gender-unspecified Comps across L1 and L2. Narrowband/low-γ effects started in advance of bridge verb access and were maintained after verb access into the subordinator. These significant effects were echoed by broadband-γ ERPDs timed with the verb and subordinator, suggesting output activity in object creation. Two bursts of between-group ERPDs in low and broadband γ, respectively, reflected the (lack of) antecedent-gender specification of pronouns in anaphora relations. Hence, these patterns of oscillatory dynamics suggest that similarities and differences between L1 and L2 are accounted for by a γ-implemented operational workspace (Murphy, 2024) that enables the creation of structural and referential chain objects (Dekydtspotter et al., 2024).</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50118,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Neurolinguistics","volume":"76 ","pages":"Article 101281"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144663407","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-07-15DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroling.2025.101283
David Kemmerer
Two classes of intransitive verbs involve different syntactic-semantic linking patterns. Unergative verbs follow the canonical pattern because the subject noun-phrase (NP) expresses the actor of the described event (e.g., The boy ran), whereas unaccusative verbs have a noncanonical pattern because the subject NP expresses the undergoer of the described event (e.g., The boy fell). Many neurolinguistic studies suggest that, compared to unergative verbs, unaccusative ones are harder to process. After summarizing this literature, I point out two complications with it. First, a large proportion of the researchers unjustifiably assume a Chomskyan analysis of unaccusative verbs whereby the NP linked with the undergoer role is an underlying direct object that must be moved to the subject position. Second, most of the studies ignore several important aspects of unaccusativity, including problems with putative syntactic diagnostics and extensive crosslinguistic diversity that is nonetheless semantically constrained.
{"title":"Some complications with neurolinguistic research on unaccusativity","authors":"David Kemmerer","doi":"10.1016/j.jneuroling.2025.101283","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jneuroling.2025.101283","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Two classes of intransitive verbs involve different syntactic-semantic linking patterns. Unergative verbs follow the canonical pattern because the subject noun-phrase (NP) expresses the actor of the described event (e.g., <em>The boy ran</em>), whereas unaccusative verbs have a noncanonical pattern because the subject NP expresses the undergoer of the described event (e.g., <em>The boy fell</em>). Many neurolinguistic studies suggest that, compared to unergative verbs, unaccusative ones are harder to process. After summarizing this literature, I point out two complications with it. First, a large proportion of the researchers unjustifiably assume a Chomskyan analysis of unaccusative verbs whereby the NP linked with the undergoer role is an underlying direct object that must be moved to the subject position. Second, most of the studies ignore several important aspects of unaccusativity, including problems with putative syntactic diagnostics and extensive crosslinguistic diversity that is nonetheless semantically constrained.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50118,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Neurolinguistics","volume":"76 ","pages":"Article 101283"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144632483","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-07-12DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroling.2025.101282
Shuang Liu , Dongxue Liu , John W. Schwieter , Huanhuan Liu
Language control is a complex cognitive process that is subject to ongoing debate regarding its determining factors and relationship to domain-general control. Recently, researchers have begun examining the role of genetics in language control, yet our understanding of such influences, both language-specific and domain-general, remains limited. In the present study, bilinguals completed a cued language switching task while their brain activity was recorded by EEG. Analyses on behavioral performance and delta oscillations indicated that bilinguals with FOXP2-GA and those with BDNF-CC incurred switch costs or reversed switch costs that were modulated by language (L1 vs. L2) during the language schema selection phase. Similarly, BDNF-TT and KIBRA-CC + CT displayed the same pattern, but during the lexical selection response phase. These results suggest that the influence of genes on language control varies depending on the language. These findings indicate language control is a complex system that may reflect language-specific processes, while domain-general control plays a supplementary role.
语言控制是一个复杂的认知过程，关于其决定因素及其与领域控制的关系一直存在争议。最近，研究人员开始研究基因在语言控制中的作用，但我们对这种影响的理解，无论是特定语言还是一般领域，仍然有限。在本研究中，双语者在完成提示语言转换任务的同时，用脑电图记录他们的大脑活动。行为表现和δ振荡分析表明，FOXP2-GA双语者和BDNF-CC双语者在语言模式选择阶段会产生由语言（L1 vs L2）调节的转换成本或反向转换成本。同样，BDNF-TT和KIBRA-CC + CT显示相同的模式，但在词汇选择反应阶段。这些结果表明，基因对语言控制的影响因语言而异。这些发现表明，语言控制是一个复杂的系统，可能反映特定语言的过程，而领域一般控制起补充作用。
{"title":"Do domain-general and language-specific genes affect bilingual language control? Evidence from delta oscillations","authors":"Shuang Liu , Dongxue Liu , John W. Schwieter , Huanhuan Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.jneuroling.2025.101282","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jneuroling.2025.101282","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Language control is a complex cognitive process that is subject to ongoing debate regarding its determining factors and relationship to domain-general control. Recently, researchers have begun examining the role of genetics in language control, yet our understanding of such influences, both language-specific and domain-general, remains limited. In the present study, bilinguals completed a cued language switching task while their brain activity was recorded by EEG. Analyses on behavioral performance and delta oscillations indicated that bilinguals with FOXP2-GA and those with BDNF-CC incurred switch costs or reversed switch costs that were modulated by language (L1 vs. L2) during the language schema selection phase. Similarly, BDNF-TT and KIBRA-CC + CT displayed the same pattern, but during the lexical selection response phase. These results suggest that the influence of genes on language control varies depending on the language. These findings indicate language control is a complex system that may reflect language-specific processes, while domain-general control plays a supplementary role.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50118,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Neurolinguistics","volume":"76 ","pages":"Article 101282"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144611597","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-07-04DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroling.2025.101280
Meng-Huan Wang , Jing Gao , Wei-Wei Dou , Lily Zihe Yin , Ya-Ting Sun , Zhong-Li Jiang , Feng Lin
This study integrates functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) with network-based statistics (NBS) to investigate the brain functional reorganization patterns in patients with post-stroke anomia (PSA) and their relationship with language recovery. The study included 28 patients with mild to moderate PSA and a matched healthy control group (HC). A parallel controlled trial design was employed to compare neural and behavioral changes before and after language intervention between the normal treatment (NT) and deferred treatment (DT) groups. The results revealed that: (1) in PSA patients, activation of the left hemisphere Broca's area and supramarginal gyrus (SMG) was significantly reduced during an overt naming task, while compensatory activation in the right hemisphere inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) was enhanced; (2) following treatment, the NT group exhibited a significant increase in hemodynamic responses and functional connectivity in the left hemisphere premotor and supplementary motor area (pSMA), Broca's area, and SMG, accompanied by a reduction in right hemisphere activation, whereas the DT group relied primarily on inefficient reorganization within the right hemisphere and visual cortex; (3) graph theory analysis demonstrated a significant positive correlation between node centrality in the left hemisphere Broca's area and SMG, as well as improvements in naming accuracy and language scores. The study confirms that efficient reorganization of the left hemisphere language network is a core mechanism underlying PSA recovery, with targeted language therapy promoting functional compensation through network integration, while spontaneous recovery depends on atypical pathways. This study provides dynamic evidence for the neuroplastic mechanisms of post-stroke language impairment and supports neuroimaging-based evidence for early clinical intervention.
{"title":"Cerebral reorganization patterns predicting language recovery in individuals with post-stroke anomia: Evidence from functional near-infrared spectroscopy","authors":"Meng-Huan Wang , Jing Gao , Wei-Wei Dou , Lily Zihe Yin , Ya-Ting Sun , Zhong-Li Jiang , Feng Lin","doi":"10.1016/j.jneuroling.2025.101280","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jneuroling.2025.101280","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study integrates functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) with network-based statistics (NBS) to investigate the brain functional reorganization patterns in patients with post-stroke anomia (PSA) and their relationship with language recovery. The study included 28 patients with mild to moderate PSA and a matched healthy control group (HC). A parallel controlled trial design was employed to compare neural and behavioral changes before and after language intervention between the normal treatment (NT) and deferred treatment (DT) groups. The results revealed that: (1) in PSA patients, activation of the left hemisphere Broca's area and supramarginal gyrus (SMG) was significantly reduced during an overt naming task, while compensatory activation in the right hemisphere inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) was enhanced; (2) following treatment, the NT group exhibited a significant increase in hemodynamic responses and functional connectivity in the left hemisphere premotor and supplementary motor area (pSMA), Broca's area, and SMG, accompanied by a reduction in right hemisphere activation, whereas the DT group relied primarily on inefficient reorganization within the right hemisphere and visual cortex; (3) graph theory analysis demonstrated a significant positive correlation between node centrality in the left hemisphere Broca's area and SMG, as well as improvements in naming accuracy and language scores. The study confirms that efficient reorganization of the left hemisphere language network is a core mechanism underlying PSA recovery, with targeted language therapy promoting functional compensation through network integration, while spontaneous recovery depends on atypical pathways. This study provides dynamic evidence for the neuroplastic mechanisms of post-stroke language impairment and supports neuroimaging-based evidence for early clinical intervention.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50118,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Neurolinguistics","volume":"76 ","pages":"Article 101280"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144549295","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-06-10DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroling.2025.101269
Zhao Yao, Xinle Huang, Mengrui Zhu
The role of context in inferring the meaning of metaphors has been the focus of attention, yet it remains less clear how context takes effect in the online processing of L2 conventional and novel metaphors. We conducted a reading task, in which Chinese-English bilinguals were presented with conventional and novel metaphorical English sentences preceded by supportive or literal contexts, and were required to select an adjective matched with target sentences. We recorded EEG activity while participants read metaphorical sentences divided into three segments based on their syntactic structure (X IS Y). Results showed that novel metaphors in supportive contexts evoked an increased sustained negativity (600–800 ms) in the frontal region in the first two segments, a larger frontal N400 (350–450 ms) in the second and third segments, and a reduced late frontal positivity (550–800 ms) in the third segment than in literal contexts. These results showed that for novel metaphors, supportive context inhibits the early-stage lexical access but facilitates the late-stage integration of metaphorical meanings. However, no similar difference was observed for conventional metaphors, as their salient meanings could be directly accessed. This finding suggests that context plays a dynamic role in the time course of L2 metaphor processing, particularly for novel ones. In brief, this study reveals that metaphor conventionality can modulate the effect of context on L2 metaphor processing, thus complementing the debate over the role of context in L2 metaphor comprehension.
{"title":"Dynamic effect of context on processing L2 metaphors with varied conventionality: an ERP study","authors":"Zhao Yao, Xinle Huang, Mengrui Zhu","doi":"10.1016/j.jneuroling.2025.101269","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jneuroling.2025.101269","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The role of context in inferring the meaning of metaphors has been the focus of attention, yet it remains less clear how context takes effect in the online processing of L2 conventional and novel metaphors. We conducted a reading task, in which Chinese-English bilinguals were presented with conventional and novel metaphorical English sentences preceded by supportive or literal contexts, and were required to select an adjective matched with target sentences. We recorded EEG activity while participants read metaphorical sentences divided into three segments based on their syntactic structure (<em>X IS Y</em>). Results showed that novel metaphors in supportive contexts evoked an increased sustained negativity (600–800 ms) in the frontal region in the first two segments, a larger frontal N400 (350–450 ms) in the second and third segments, and a reduced late frontal positivity (550–800 ms) in the third segment than in literal contexts. These results showed that for novel metaphors, supportive context inhibits the early-stage lexical access but facilitates the late-stage integration of metaphorical meanings. However, no similar difference was observed for conventional metaphors, as their salient meanings could be directly accessed. This finding suggests that context plays a dynamic role in the time course of L2 metaphor processing, particularly for novel ones. In brief, this study reveals that metaphor conventionality can modulate the effect of context on L2 metaphor processing, thus complementing the debate over the role of context in L2 metaphor comprehension.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50118,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Neurolinguistics","volume":"76 ","pages":"Article 101269"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144241854","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：
京公网安备 11010802042870号