Journal of Neurolinguistics最新文献

Comparative analysis of cerebellar lobule structure in early, late bilinguals, and monolinguals: A cerebellum lobule-segmentation study 早期、晚期双语者和单语者小脑小叶结构的比较分析：小脑小叶分割研究

IF 1.2 3区心理学 Q2 LINGUISTICS

Journal of Neurolinguistics

Pub Date : 2026-01-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroling.2026.101312

Ismet Demirtas , Behcet Ayyildiz , Sevilay Ayyildiz , Koral Caglar Kus , Aysegul Ayran , Mert Baris , Bulent Ediz , Abdullah Ors , Ece Ozdemir Oktem , Burak Yulug

The structural changes in the cerebellum of early bilinguals (EBs) and late bilinguals (LBs) remain unclear, as learning a second language influences the brain. To explore how early bilingualism impacts cerebellar structure, we analyzed gray matter (GM) volume and cerebellar cortical thickness in individuals with EB, LB, and monolinguals (MLs). The T1-weighted images of 28 EB (English Spanish), 30 LB (English-Spanish), and 32 ML (English) participants were obtained from OpenNEURO (https://openneuro.org) and segmented using volBrain CERES 1.0 (https://volbrain.net/services/CERES) to compare cerebellar GM volume and cortical thickness. We performed cerebellum lobule-wise segmentation analysis on groups matched for age, education, and gender. We found that, compared to the ML group, the LB group showed a larger GM volume in the right lobule III, and compared to the EB group, the LB group had greater cortical thickness in the left lobule IX. No other significant differences were found among the groups. Although there was a positive correlation between the age of second language acquisition and lobule IX cortical thickness in participants from the EB and LB groups no other significant differences were observed among the groups.

In summary, by examining the structural differences in cerebellar GM volume and cortical thickness among EBs, LBs, and MLs, we found that later second-language acquisition is linked to increased GM volume in right lobule III and greater cortical thickness in left lobule IX. These findings suggest experience-dependent cerebellar plasticity related to the age at which second language acquisition occurs.

早期双语者（EBs）和晚期双语者（LBs）的小脑结构变化尚不清楚，因为学习第二语言会影响大脑。为了探讨早期双语对小脑结构的影响，我们分析了EB、LB和单语者（MLs）个体的灰质（GM）体积和小脑皮质厚度。从OpenNEURO （https://openneuro.org）获取28 EB（英语-西班牙语）、30 LB（英语-西班牙语）和32 ML（英语）参与者的t1加权图像，并使用volBrain CERES 1.0 （https://volbrain.net/services/CERES）进行分割，比较小脑GM体积和皮质厚度。我们对年龄、教育程度和性别相匹配的组进行小脑小叶分割分析。我们发现，与ML组相比，LB组右侧小叶III的GM体积更大，与EB组相比，LB组左侧小叶IX的皮质厚度更大。各组之间没有发现其他显著差异。虽然EB组和LB组参与者的第二语言习得年龄与第九小叶皮层厚度呈正相关，但两组之间没有观察到其他显著差异。总之，通过研究EBs、lb和MLs小脑GM体积和皮质厚度的结构差异，我们发现，较晚的第二语言习得与右小叶III GM体积增加和左小叶IX皮质厚度增加有关。这些发现表明，经验依赖的小脑可塑性与第二语言习得发生的年龄有关。

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引用次数: 0

Conceptual anaphora. An event-related brain potential study 概念上的主线。事件相关脑电位研究

IF 1.2 3区心理学 Q2 LINGUISTICS

Journal of Neurolinguistics

Pub Date : 2026-01-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroling.2026.101311

Juan Silva-Pereyra , Adrián García-Sierra , Asela Reig Alamillo , Javier Sanchez-Lopez

The interpretation of anaphoric expressions depends on factors ranging from purely linguistic to those based on general world knowledge. In English and Spanish, plural anaphoric expressions referring to singular collective nouns are often preferred and read faster, despite the violations of number agreement between the anaphor and its antecedent. This study examines the event related brain potentials of monolingual Mexican Spanish young speakers when reading sentences in Spanish with zero anaphora (omission of pronoun in subject position in Spanish) that are coreferential with morphologically singular collective nouns. Thus, processing a verb (plural) in a second clause referring to a collective noun (singular; e.g., La banda de Jazz estuvo en el auditorio nacional. Tocaron durante 3 horas seguidas; The Jazz band was at the National Auditorium. They played for 3 h straight) generated a smaller P200 and larger N400 amplitude compared to the brain response to a verb (singular) in number agreement expressions (The Jazz band … It played …). However, the behavioral response showed no differences between conditions. These results could suggest that morphosyntactic and pragmatic constraints are likely available in parallel during the processing of conceptual anaphora, as grammatically illegal expressions with collective antecedent do not pose difficulties in comprehension.

对回指表达的解释取决于从纯语言到基于一般世界知识的各种因素。在英语和西班牙语中，指代单数集体名词的复数回指表达通常更受欢迎，而且读起来更快，尽管指代和先行词之间的数字不一致。本研究考察了单语墨西哥西班牙语青年在阅读与形态单数集体名词共指的西班牙语零回指（西班牙语中主语位置的代词省略）句子时的事件相关脑电位。因此，在指代集体名词（单数）的第二句中处理动词（复数），例如：La banda de Jazz estuvo en el auditorio nacional。Tocaron durante 3 horas seguidas；爵士乐队在国家大礼堂演出。他们连续演奏3小时)产生的P200振幅更小，N400振幅更大，相比之下，在数字一致表达中，大脑对动词（单数）的反应（爵士乐队……它演奏了……）。然而，不同条件下的行为反应没有差异。这些结果表明，形态句法和语用约束可能在概念回指的加工过程中同时存在，因为具有集体先行词的语法非法表达不会造成理解困难。

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引用次数: 0

Bilingual memory revisited (again) 双语记忆重见（再次）

IF 1.2 3区心理学 Q2 LINGUISTICS

Journal of Neurolinguistics

Pub Date : 2026-01-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroling.2026.101310

Vanessa R. Cerda, Roberto R. Heredia

The question of how a bilingual's two languages are represented in memory has been heavily debated in the bilingualism literature. Under this debate, there has been seemingly contradictory experimental evidence for both the interdependent (shared) and independent (separate) views of bilingual memory. In Harris' (1992) seminal volume on Bilingual Cognitive Processing, it was pointed out that bilingual memory effects may be dependent on the task demands imposed by different psycholinguistic tasks. In the 30 years since, critical advancements in statistical analysis methods and increased accessibility of research tools have allowed bilingual researchers to better understand the specific processes engaged in response to different types of memory tasks. The goal of this review is to highlight recent behavioral and brain research findings addressing issues in bilingual memory. We further underscore the importance of considering task demands in the assessment of bilingual memory and summarize what these considerations mean in the context of the leading models of bilingual memory. Finally, we present a testable mediation model accounting for core bilingual representational issues between conceptual and lexical memory.

双语者的两种语言是如何在记忆中表现出来的，这个问题在双语文学中一直存在激烈的争论。在这场争论中，对于双语记忆的相互依赖（共享）和独立（分离）观点，似乎有相互矛盾的实验证据。在Harris（1992）的开创性著作《双语认知加工》中，他指出双语记忆效应可能取决于不同心理语言学任务所施加的任务要求。30年来，统计分析方法的重大进步和研究工具的日益普及，使双语研究者能够更好地了解不同类型记忆任务的具体反应过程。这篇综述的目的是强调最近关于双语记忆问题的行为和大脑研究成果。我们进一步强调了在评估双语记忆时考虑任务需求的重要性，并总结了这些考虑在双语记忆的主要模型背景下的意义。最后，我们提出了一个可测试的中介模型，用于解释概念记忆和词汇记忆之间的核心双语表征问题。

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引用次数: 0

Cognitive factors in code-switching: In response to Bentahila and Davies (1992) 语码转换中的认知因素：对Bentahila and Davies（1992）的回应

IF 1.2 3区心理学 Q2 LINGUISTICS

Journal of Neurolinguistics

Pub Date : 2025-12-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroling.2025.101309

Nora Kennis, Holly P. Branigan

Bilinguals' tendency to switch between their languages (also known as code-switching) and the cognitive processes driving it are now known to be predicted by a variety of cognitive factors specific to the individual. In this review paper, we reflect on 30 years of progress in the study of the cognitive factors that determine how and when bilinguals switch between languages since Bentahila and Davies’ (1992) chapter on the relationship between code-switching and language dominance. We discuss how their work reflected a growing emphasis on moving beyond a strictly linguistic framework to focus on the psychological and social context in which code-switching occurs, and on the speaker-specific factors that affect the behaviour. We review and evaluate some of the substantial body of subsequent quantitative research about language switching and its relationship to language dominance, lexical access, cognitive control and interactional contexts. Some of these areas, like cognitive control, have seen considerable progress in understanding in the last thirty years and have substantially contributed to the development of psychological theories of bilingualism. Others we are only more recently beginning to understand, such as the effect of interactional contexts on the cognition of code-switching. The data yield a complex and sometimes contradictory picture but overall demonstrate that a range of social and psychological factors affect code-switching behaviours in ways that offer insights into the cognitive basis of code-switching.

双语者在语言之间转换的倾向（也被称为代码转换）和驱动它的认知过程现在被认为是由个人特有的各种认知因素所预测的。在这篇综述文章中，我们回顾了自Bentahila和Davies（1992）关于语码转换与语言优势关系的章节以来，30年来在决定双语者如何以及何时在语言之间转换的认知因素方面的研究进展。我们讨论了他们的工作如何反映了越来越多的强调超越严格的语言框架，关注发生语码转换的心理和社会背景，以及影响行为的说话者特定因素。我们回顾和评价了随后关于语言转换及其与语言优势、词汇获取、认知控制和互动环境的关系的大量定量研究。其中一些领域，如认知控制，在过去三十年中在理解方面取得了相当大的进展，并对双语心理学理论的发展做出了重大贡献。还有一些是我们最近才开始了解的，比如互动环境对语码转换认知的影响。这些数据提供了一个复杂的，有时甚至是矛盾的画面，但总体上表明，一系列社会和心理因素影响着语码转换行为，从而为语码转换的认知基础提供了见解。

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引用次数: 0

An informational account of anticipatory coarticulation – theoretical considerations and empirical plausibility 预期协同发音的信息说明-理论考虑和经验的合理性

IF 1.2 3区心理学 Q2 LINGUISTICS

Journal of Neurolinguistics

Pub Date : 2025-12-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroling.2025.101298

Johannes Kasper , Christian A. Kell , Pascal Perrier

In speech, the realization of a phoneme is influenced by its preceding and forthcoming neighbors, a phenomenon called coarticulation. While influences from past actions (carryover coarticulation) can be explained by a combination of physical causalities and motor planning, influences from future action goals can only be fully explained by active anticipatory processes in speech motor control. Current modeling accounts view coarticulation as a side effect of efficiency objectives of control or properties of the planning algorithm.

Here, we propose that anticipatory coarticulation provides prospective sensory cues usable for feedback-dependent speech control. To support this notion, we characterized the dynamics of carryover and anticipatory coarticulation in three French speakers in both acoustic and articulator data as measured by Electromagnetic Articulography using General Additive Models. Our data show that anticipatory coarticulation effects dominate over carryover coarticulation effects and allow to reliably differentiate between upcoming phonemes at least 200 ms before the canonical phoneme onset.

These findings are compatible with an anticipatory feedback-dependent control strategy, as sensory information about future actions is available early enough to influence ongoing actions in spite of sensorimotor delays. Such considerations weaken the necessity for fully fledged internal predictive forward models for the control of fast actions.

在言语中，音素的实现受到其前面和即将到来的相邻音素的影响，这种现象称为协同发音。虽然来自过去动作的影响（延续协同发音）可以通过物理因果关系和运动计划的结合来解释，但来自未来动作目标的影响只能通过言语运动控制中的主动预期过程来充分解释。当前的建模帐户将协同接合视为控制效率目标或规划算法属性的副作用。在这里，我们提出预期协同发音提供了可用于反馈依赖语音控制的前瞻性感官线索。为了支持这一观点，我们通过使用通用加性模型的电磁发音仪测量了三名法语使用者的声学和发音数据，并对他们的传递和预期协同发音动态进行了表征。我们的数据表明，预期协同发音效应在延续协同发音效应中占主导地位，并允许在标准音素开始前至少200毫秒可靠地区分即将到来的音素。这些发现与预期反馈依赖的控制策略是一致的，因为尽管感觉运动延迟，关于未来行动的感觉信息足够早，可以影响正在进行的行动。这样的考虑削弱了建立成熟的内部预测正向模型来控制快速动作的必要性。

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引用次数: 0

Neural correlates of novel word learning in an immersive virtual reality environment 沉浸式虚拟现实环境下新词学习的神经关联

IF 1.2 3区心理学 Q2 LINGUISTICS

Journal of Neurolinguistics

Pub Date : 2025-11-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroling.2025.101300

Cong Liu , Jia Feng , John W. Schwieter , Jingyu Geng , Lu Jiao

By combining EEG and immersive virtual reality (iVR) technologies, the current study compared novel word learning in an iVR environment and through picture-word (PW) association. During three days of learning sessions, Chinese speakers learned two sets of German words, one set using iVR and the other set through PW association. A recognition task was administered to measure immediate (Day 4) and delayed learning performance (two weeks later). The results of the immediate post-test showed that compared to PW-learned words, there was better behavioral performance on iVR-learned words, along with increased N200 and decreased LPC amplitude. Time-frequency representation analyses further revealed reduced μ power for iVR-learned words relative to PW-learned words. However, the benefits of iVR-learned words did not emerge in the delayed post-test. These findings align with the social second language learning perspective and cognitive theory of multimedia learning, contributing to a deeper understanding of how multimodal learning environments influence word acquisition.

通过结合脑电图和沉浸式虚拟现实（iVR）技术，本研究比较了在iVR环境下和通过图片-单词（PW）关联的新单词学习。在三天的学习过程中，中国人学习了两组德语单词，一组使用iVR，另一组通过PW联想。进行识别任务以测量即时（第4天）和延迟学习表现（两周后）。即时后测结果显示，与pw学习单词相比，ivr学习单词的行为表现更好，N200增加，LPC幅值降低。时频表征分析进一步表明，相对于pw学习的单词，ivr学习的单词的μ功率降低。然而，在延迟的后测试中并没有显示出ivr学习单词的好处。这些发现与社会第二语言学习视角和多媒体学习认知理论相一致，有助于更深入地了解多模态学习环境如何影响词汇习得。

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引用次数: 0

Neural correlates of cross-modal translation priming in Chinese-English bilinguals: An fNIRS study 汉英双语者跨模态翻译启动的神经关联：fNIRS研究

IF 1.2 3区心理学 Q2 LINGUISTICS

Journal of Neurolinguistics

Pub Date : 2025-11-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroling.2025.101299

Jiawen Han , Xinyi Wang , Shan Huang , Hong-Wen Cao

This study aimed to examine the interaction between L1 and L2 systems within shared neural substrates during multimodal (audio-visual) lexical processing, revealing the neural mechanisms underlying the integration of auditory and visual information in bilingual lexical representation. We recruited 50 Chinese-English bilingual participants and employed a translation priming experiment with a translation recognition task. In this experiment, primes were auditorily delivered and targets were visually displayed, while brain activity was measured using functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS). Behavioral analyses showed faster reaction times for translation equivalents compared to non-translation equivalents in both L1-L2 forward and L2-L1 backward directions, with no significant priming asymmetry observed. fNIRS data analysis revealed that the L1-L2 forward translation priming difference was reflected in the ventral stream (middle temporal gyrus), while the L2-L1 translation priming difference was mainly reflected in the dorsal stream (supramarginal gyrus, fusiform gyrus, and superior temporal gyrus), indicating neural pathway separation in the two translation directions. The results suggest that in an audio-visual cross-modal setting, bilingual lexical representation patterns in the two translation directions rely on distinct pathways and exhibit qualitative differences. The findings supported the lexical-semantic predictions of the Revised Hierarchical Model (RHM) and validated the potential localization of inhibitory control mechanisms in the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, as proposed by the Bilingual Interactive Activation Plus Model (BIA + Model).

本研究旨在探讨在多模态（视听）词汇加工过程中，共享神经基质中第一语言和第二语言系统之间的相互作用，揭示双语词汇表征中听觉和视觉信息整合的神经机制。我们招募了50名中英双语参与者，采用翻译启动实验和翻译识别任务。在这个实验中，启动物被听觉传递，目标物被视觉显示，同时用功能近红外光谱（fNIRS）测量大脑活动。行为分析显示，在L1-L2正向和L2-L1反向方向上，翻译等价物的反应时间比非翻译等价物更快，没有观察到明显的启动不对称。fNIRS数据分析显示，L1-L2正向翻译启动差异主要反映在腹侧流（颞中回），而L2-L1翻译启动差异主要反映在背侧流（边缘上回、梭状回和颞上回），表明两个翻译方向的神经通路分离。结果表明，在视听跨模态环境下，两种翻译方向的双语词汇表征模式依赖于不同的路径，呈现出质的差异。研究结果支持了修正层次模型（RHM）的词汇语义预测，并验证了双语交互激活加模型（BIA +模型）提出的抑制控制机制可能定位于右侧背外侧前额叶皮层。

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引用次数: 0

Increased interbrain synchronization of the left middle frontal gyrus benefits learning word formation rules in social interaction: An fNIRS hyperscanning study 增强左额叶中回的脑间同步有利于学习社会互动中的构词规则：一项fNIRS超扫描研究

IF 1.2 3区心理学 Q2 LINGUISTICS

Journal of Neurolinguistics

Pub Date : 2025-10-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroling.2025.101297

Yujing Shen , Xiyuan Wang , Mengjie Lv , John W. Schwieter , Huanhuan Liu

Communication during interactions affects the acquisition of new knowledge, which can be shared and understood by others. However, the effects of such communication on learning word formation rules have gone relatively underexplored, particularly in the context of social interaction. The current study uses functional near-infrared spectroscopy-based hyperscanning techniques to capture how communication about word formation rules influences word learning. The materials consisted of pseudowords that were either lower or higher on the Perceptual Saliency Hierarchy. Perceptual saliency refers to the way our brains prioritize what we perceive. The hierarchy holds that color is perceived more easily than shape, and shape more easily than texture (i.e., color > shape > texture). Dyads of learners showed increased accuracy of learning word formation rules after communicating about relevant topics, which also elicited increased interbrain synchronization and high representation similarity in the left middle frontal gyrus and right superior frontal gyrus, thereby improving collaborative and coordination skills, particularly when learning difficult word formation rules. In all, these findings suggest that communicating about relevant topics is beneficial to word learning in social interaction.

互动中的沟通影响着新知识的获取，而这些新知识可以被他人分享和理解。然而，这种交流对学习构词法规则的影响还没有得到充分的研究，特别是在社会互动的背景下。目前的研究使用基于功能近红外光谱的超扫描技术来捕捉关于构词法规则的交流如何影响单词学习。材料由在感知显著性层次上较低或较高的假词组成。感知显著性指的是我们的大脑优先考虑我们所感知的事物的方式。层次理论认为，颜色比形状更容易被感知，形状比纹理更容易被感知（即颜色&形状&纹理）。两组学习者在进行相关话题的交流后，学习构词规则的准确性有所提高，这也引起了左额叶中回和右额叶上回的脑间同步性增强和表征相似性提高，从而提高了协作和协调能力，特别是在学习困难的构词规则时。总之，这些发现表明，在社交互动中，就相关话题进行交流有利于词汇学习。

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引用次数: 0

Auditory P300 event-related potential and acoustic features of voice and speech in adolescents at risk for suicide: A pilot study 青少年自杀风险的听觉P300事件相关电位和声音和言语的声学特征：一项初步研究

IF 1.2 3区心理学 Q2 LINGUISTICS

Journal of Neurolinguistics

Pub Date : 2025-10-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroling.2025.101296

Carla Figueroa Saavedra , Fernando Huenupán Quinán , Virginia Guillén Cañas , Pablo Méndez Bustos , Enzo Alarcón Acuña , Hernán Emilio Pérez

Suicide remains a leading cause of external mortality, posing a significant yet preventable challenge. This study explores potential associations between suicide risk and neurophysiological (Auditory P300 Event-Related Potential) and acoustic voice and speech parameters in adolescents. The study employed a cross-sectional design. Thirty secondary school students underwent auditory assessment, P300 measurement (PEATS Eclipse EP25), and acoustic analysis of voice and speech. Suicide risk was determined using the Okasha Suicidality Scale and the Beck Depression Inventory. Acoustic analysis was performed using Praat software for phonetic research, a Focusrite Scarlett interface, and a condenser microphone to assess fundamental frequency (F0), jitter, shimmer, and formants (F1, F2, F3). Data were analyzed using IBM SPSS Statistics version 26.0 and MATLAB R2022a (MathWorks Inc.) for signal processing and feature extraction, applying both descriptive and inferential statistical methods. Adolescents at risk for suicide exhibited significantly longer P300 latencies in both ears compared to their non-risk peers (p < 0.05), while no significant differences were observed in P300 amplitude. Regarding voice analysis, significant group differences were found in the F1, F2, and F3 formants during the open-ended question task (p < 0.05), suggesting alterations in speech articulation. However, vowel production parameters did not differ notably between groups. Adolescents at risk for suicide demonstrated delayed neurophysiological processing (increased P300 latency) and altered speech articulation during spontaneous speech tasks. These findings highlight the potential of integrating P300 and acoustic analysis of voice and speech as complementary markers in assessing cognitive and emotional functioning in suicide risk detection.

自杀仍然是外部死亡的主要原因，构成了一个重大但可预防的挑战。本研究探讨了青少年自杀风险与神经生理（听觉P300事件相关电位）和声学语音和言语参数之间的潜在联系。该研究采用了横断面设计。对30名中学生进行了听力评估、P300测量（PEATS Eclipse EP25）以及声音和言语的声学分析。采用Okasha自杀倾向量表和Beck抑郁量表测定自杀风险。声学分析使用Praat软件进行语音研究，使用Focusrite Scarlett接口，使用电容麦克风评估基频（F0）、抖动、闪烁和共振（F1, F2, F3）。数据分析使用IBM SPSS Statistics version 26.0和MATLAB R2022a （MathWorks Inc.）进行信号处理和特征提取，采用描述性和推断性统计方法。有自杀风险的青少年双耳P300潜伏期明显长于无自杀风险的同龄人（p < 0.05），而P300振幅无显著差异。在语音分析方面，开放式问题任务中F1、F2和F3共振峰组间差异显著（p < 0.05），提示语音清晰度发生了改变。然而，元音产生参数在组间没有显著差异。有自杀风险的青少年表现出神经生理处理延迟（P300潜伏期增加）和自发言语任务中言语清晰度的改变。这些发现强调了将P300与声音和言语的声学分析结合起来作为评估自杀风险检测中的认知和情感功能的补充标记的潜力。

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引用次数: 0

Semantic and syntactic language differences associated with the FMR1 premutation genotype 语义和句法语言差异与FMR1突变前基因型相关

IF 1.2 3区心理学 Q2 LINGUISTICS

Journal of Neurolinguistics

Pub Date : 2025-09-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroling.2025.101287

Laura Friedman , William Matchin , Elizabeth Berry-Kravis , Jessica Klusek

The FMR1 premutation genotype occurs in approximately 1 in 150 women and 1 in 470 men. New evidence suggests that the FMR1 premutation may be associated with language differences, although the breadth of language challenges, specific domains affected, and potential interface with executive aspects of the phenotype are not fully understood given the lack of targeted studies. The present study compared the language skills of 109 women with the FMR1 premutation to 109 age-, education-, and nonverbal IQ-matched control women, using a series of standardized language repetition tasks to index language abilities within a measurement context that reduces the influence of higher-order executive deficits. Results indicated that, relative to controls, women with the FMR1 premutation performed significantly worse on tasks assessing semantic and syntactic, but not phonological, skills. Group differences could not be accounted for by attention or working memory difficulties. This study documents semantic and syntactic language differences associated with the FMR1 premutation genotype. Findings may have implications for identifying gene-brain-behavior mechanistic pathways, with more research needed to characterize the clinical impact of language differences associated with this genotype. FMR1 may play a role in mediating some aspects of language in the population.

FMR1预突变基因型在150名女性和470名男性中分别约有1人和1人。新的证据表明，FMR1预突变可能与语言差异有关，尽管由于缺乏针对性的研究，语言挑战的广度、受影响的特定领域以及与表型执行方面的潜在接口尚未完全了解。本研究将109名FMR1基因突变女性的语言技能与109名年龄、教育程度和非语言智商匹配的对照组女性进行了比较，使用一系列标准化的语言重复任务，在减少高阶执行缺陷影响的测量环境中对语言能力进行索引。结果表明，与对照组相比，FMR1基因突变的女性在评估语义和句法技能（而不是语音技能）方面的表现明显更差。群体差异不能用注意力或工作记忆困难来解释。本研究记录了语义和句法语言差异与FMR1预突变基因型相关。研究结果可能对识别基因-脑-行为机制通路有影响，需要更多的研究来表征与该基因型相关的语言差异的临床影响。FMR1可能在调节人群语言的某些方面发挥作用。

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引用次数: 0