The pulmonate freshwater snail Promenetus exacuous (Planorbidae) has a widespread patchy distribution throughout much of North America, including New York State and the surrounding areas. Minimal life history information exists for the species in this region and information on its genetic diversity and structure is currently lacking for any portion of its range. We examined the species’ reproductive behaviour, genetic diversity and population structure throughout New York and western Connecticut using cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) haplotypes (241 snails) and 10 microsatellite loci (312 snails). Throughout the region, P. exacuous is a single, primarily outcrossing species with relatively high within-population genetic diversity. Populations are genetically differentiated and composed of divergent COI lineages. The region was colonized after the Wisconsin glacial retreat by snails from multiple, historically isolated populations and Pleistocene events played a major role in the historical diversification of lineages. Subsequent dispersal has likely been facilitated by birds and humans, but contemporary gene flow is low, resulting in genetic differentiation even among geographically proximate sites. Our data reveal that complex interactions between historical and contemporary processes contribute to the overall patterns of genetic diversity in freshwater snails.
{"title":"Fine-scale genetic structure of the freshwater snail Promenetus exacuous in the New York State region: the influences of historical colonization, habitat connectivity and dispersal ability","authors":"D. Keeney, P. Yurco","doi":"10.1093/MOLLUS/EYAB014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/MOLLUS/EYAB014","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The pulmonate freshwater snail Promenetus exacuous (Planorbidae) has a widespread patchy distribution throughout much of North America, including New York State and the surrounding areas. Minimal life history information exists for the species in this region and information on its genetic diversity and structure is currently lacking for any portion of its range. We examined the species’ reproductive behaviour, genetic diversity and population structure throughout New York and western Connecticut using cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) haplotypes (241 snails) and 10 microsatellite loci (312 snails). Throughout the region, P. exacuous is a single, primarily outcrossing species with relatively high within-population genetic diversity. Populations are genetically differentiated and composed of divergent COI lineages. The region was colonized after the Wisconsin glacial retreat by snails from multiple, historically isolated populations and Pleistocene events played a major role in the historical diversification of lineages. Subsequent dispersal has likely been facilitated by birds and humans, but contemporary gene flow is low, resulting in genetic differentiation even among geographically proximate sites. Our data reveal that complex interactions between historical and contemporary processes contribute to the overall patterns of genetic diversity in freshwater snails.","PeriodicalId":50126,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Molluscan Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2021-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44217149","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The whelk Neptunea arthritica (Buccinidae) is a common fishery species in Hokkaido, northern Japan. Although ecological information is needed for fisheries management, there is only one paper examining the foraging ecology of this species and it reported that N. arthritica preyed mainly on the invasive mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis. To date, no studies have examined utilization of native prey species by this whelk. Here, we report the findings of a study on the native prey utilization by N. arthritica in an area where M. galloprovincialis is not present. We conducted line transect sampling every month from May 2018 to May 2019 on the western coast of Hakodate Bay, southwestern Hokkaido, Japan. Prey items were composed mostly of gastropods (72%), followed by bivalves (24%) and only a small amount of carrion (<4%). Overlapping spatial distributions were observed among size classes of N. arthritica, while the prey utilization varied with body size. Small individuals (<30 mm in shell height) preyed mainly on the small colloniid gastropod Homalopoma sangarense, while larger individuals (>40 mm) preyed mainly on two tegulid gastropods (Chlorostoma lischkei and Omphalius rusticus) and two venerid bivalves (Protothaca euglypta and Ruditapes philippinarum). There were positive size relationships between whelk body size and prey size for prey categories (Vetigastropoda, Caenogastropoda and Bivalvia) and even for the same prey species (H. sangarense, O. rusticus and P. euglypta). These results suggest that N. arthritica is a predator of mobile gastropods, especially during its early life stage, in areas without the invasive Mediterranean mussel. It is possible that the foraging strategy of N. arthritica may differ quite markedly between areas with and without the invasive mussel.
{"title":"Prey utilization by Neptunea arthritica (Caenogastropoda: Buccinidae): predation on gastropods and size-related variation","authors":"Ryusei Yamakami, S. Wada","doi":"10.1093/MOLLUS/EYAB016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/MOLLUS/EYAB016","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The whelk Neptunea arthritica (Buccinidae) is a common fishery species in Hokkaido, northern Japan. Although ecological information is needed for fisheries management, there is only one paper examining the foraging ecology of this species and it reported that N. arthritica preyed mainly on the invasive mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis. To date, no studies have examined utilization of native prey species by this whelk. Here, we report the findings of a study on the native prey utilization by N. arthritica in an area where M. galloprovincialis is not present. We conducted line transect sampling every month from May 2018 to May 2019 on the western coast of Hakodate Bay, southwestern Hokkaido, Japan. Prey items were composed mostly of gastropods (72%), followed by bivalves (24%) and only a small amount of carrion (<4%). Overlapping spatial distributions were observed among size classes of N. arthritica, while the prey utilization varied with body size. Small individuals (<30 mm in shell height) preyed mainly on the small colloniid gastropod Homalopoma sangarense, while larger individuals (>40 mm) preyed mainly on two tegulid gastropods (Chlorostoma lischkei and Omphalius rusticus) and two venerid bivalves (Protothaca euglypta and Ruditapes philippinarum). There were positive size relationships between whelk body size and prey size for prey categories (Vetigastropoda, Caenogastropoda and Bivalvia) and even for the same prey species (H. sangarense, O. rusticus and P. euglypta). These results suggest that N. arthritica is a predator of mobile gastropods, especially during its early life stage, in areas without the invasive Mediterranean mussel. It is possible that the foraging strategy of N. arthritica may differ quite markedly between areas with and without the invasive mussel.","PeriodicalId":50126,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Molluscan Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2021-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1093/MOLLUS/EYAB016","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45136822","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Alpine Arianta populations from the Biellese Alps in Italy are characterized by imperforate, thin-shelled, dark brown shells without or with sparse light spots that resemble widespread phenotypes of Arianta arbustorum arbustorum found in calcium-deficient areas. Therefore, they were not considered a distinct taxon. However, molecular phylogenetic analyses show that they belong to a group of subspecies of A. arbustorum from the Western Alps and the Pyrenees. We classify them as a distinct subspecies, Arianta a. doriae (Paulucci, 1878), which reduces the geographical gap between the western group of subspecies of A. arbustorum and the Eastern Alps where Arianta originated. This subspecies survived the glacials in a peripheral mountain refuge at the southern margin of the Biellese Alps.
来自意大利Biellese阿尔卑斯山脉的高山Arianta种群的特征是无孔，薄壳，深棕色外壳，没有或有稀疏的亮点，类似于在缺钙地区发现的Arianta arbustorum arbustorum的广泛表型。因此，它们不被认为是一个独特的分类单元。然而，分子系统发育分析表明它们属于来自西阿尔卑斯山和比利牛斯山脉的a . arbustorum亚种群。我们将它们归类为一个独特的亚种，即Arianta a. doriae (Paulucci, 1878)，这减少了arbustorum西部亚种群与Arianta起源的东阿尔卑斯山之间的地理差距。这个亚种在比耶利斯阿尔卑斯山脉南缘的外围山区避难所的冰河时期幸存下来。
{"title":"A forgotten subspecies of the land snail species Arianta arbustorum from a Pleistocene refuge in the Western Alps","authors":"B. Hausdorf, F. Walther","doi":"10.1093/MOLLUS/EYAB017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/MOLLUS/EYAB017","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Alpine Arianta populations from the Biellese Alps in Italy are characterized by imperforate, thin-shelled, dark brown shells without or with sparse light spots that resemble widespread phenotypes of Arianta arbustorum arbustorum found in calcium-deficient areas. Therefore, they were not considered a distinct taxon. However, molecular phylogenetic analyses show that they belong to a group of subspecies of A. arbustorum from the Western Alps and the Pyrenees. We classify them as a distinct subspecies, Arianta a. doriae (Paulucci, 1878), which reduces the geographical gap between the western group of subspecies of A. arbustorum and the Eastern Alps where Arianta originated. This subspecies survived the glacials in a peripheral mountain refuge at the southern margin of the Biellese Alps.","PeriodicalId":50126,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Molluscan Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2021-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46369853","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Dipanjana Dhar, D. Dey, Soumalee Basu, H. Fortunato
The intertidal zone is one of the most stressful environments, with extreme shifts in temperature, salinity, pH and oxygen concentration. Marine molluscs, particularly chitons that belong to the category of ecologically significant organisms, survive in this extreme environment, and are ideal systems for studying stress adaptation. Mitochondria are known to be critical for energy homeostasis, and changes in environmental factors result in their dysfunction and consequent injury to the organism. Intertidal organisms are exception in this respect because they are capable of maintaining mitochondrial integrity. Here, we used mitochondrial genetic components from seven chitons of the intertidal zone to infer phylogenetic relationships. Selection analyses on individual protein-coding genes (PCGs) were performed to identify and map potentially adaptive residues in the modelled structures of the mitochondrial respiratory chain complexes. The results showed significant amino acid changes in sites under diversifying selection for all the PCGs, indicating that the mitochondrial genome in chitons is undergoing adaptive evolution. Such sites were observed in the proton pump as well as in the translocation channel of the transmembrane helices and the surrounding loop regions, thus implying functional modification of the mitochondrial proteins essential for survival in the dynamic environment of the intertidal zone.
{"title":"Insight into the adaptive evolution of mitochondrial genomes in intertidal chitons","authors":"Dipanjana Dhar, D. Dey, Soumalee Basu, H. Fortunato","doi":"10.1093/MOLLUS/EYAB018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/MOLLUS/EYAB018","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The intertidal zone is one of the most stressful environments, with extreme shifts in temperature, salinity, pH and oxygen concentration. Marine molluscs, particularly chitons that belong to the category of ecologically significant organisms, survive in this extreme environment, and are ideal systems for studying stress adaptation. Mitochondria are known to be critical for energy homeostasis, and changes in environmental factors result in their dysfunction and consequent injury to the organism. Intertidal organisms are exception in this respect because they are capable of maintaining mitochondrial integrity. Here, we used mitochondrial genetic components from seven chitons of the intertidal zone to infer phylogenetic relationships. Selection analyses on individual protein-coding genes (PCGs) were performed to identify and map potentially adaptive residues in the modelled structures of the mitochondrial respiratory chain complexes. The results showed significant amino acid changes in sites under diversifying selection for all the PCGs, indicating that the mitochondrial genome in chitons is undergoing adaptive evolution. Such sites were observed in the proton pump as well as in the translocation channel of the transmembrane helices and the surrounding loop regions, thus implying functional modification of the mitochondrial proteins essential for survival in the dynamic environment of the intertidal zone.","PeriodicalId":50126,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Molluscan Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2021-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1093/MOLLUS/EYAB018","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48231820","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. Moles, T. J. Cunha, S. Lemer, David J. Combosch, Gonzalo Giribet
The phylogenetic relationships within the molluscan class Polyplacophora (chitons) have been studied using morphology, traditional Sanger markers and mitogenomics, but, to date, no analysis has been carried out using transcriptomic and genome-wide data. Here, we leverage the power of transcriptomes to investigate the chiton phylogeny to test current classification schemes and the position of Callochitonidae, a family whose phylogenetic position and taxonomic assignation are uncertain because of conflicting results from past studies. Using multiple data matrices with different taxon occupancy thresholds and inference methods, including both concatenated and coalescence-based approaches, we find a consistent resolution of the chiton phylogeny. Our results support a system with the orders Lepidopleurida, Chitonida and Callochitonida, with the latter two as sister groups. This resolution is compatible with recent mitogenomic results and rejects the position of Callochiton as a member of Chitonina.
{"title":"Tightening the girdle: phylotranscriptomics of Polyplacophora","authors":"J. Moles, T. J. Cunha, S. Lemer, David J. Combosch, Gonzalo Giribet","doi":"10.1093/MOLLUS/EYAB019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/MOLLUS/EYAB019","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The phylogenetic relationships within the molluscan class Polyplacophora (chitons) have been studied using morphology, traditional Sanger markers and mitogenomics, but, to date, no analysis has been carried out using transcriptomic and genome-wide data. Here, we leverage the power of transcriptomes to investigate the chiton phylogeny to test current classification schemes and the position of Callochitonidae, a family whose phylogenetic position and taxonomic assignation are uncertain because of conflicting results from past studies. Using multiple data matrices with different taxon occupancy thresholds and inference methods, including both concatenated and coalescence-based approaches, we find a consistent resolution of the chiton phylogeny. Our results support a system with the orders Lepidopleurida, Chitonida and Callochitonida, with the latter two as sister groups. This resolution is compatible with recent mitogenomic results and rejects the position of Callochiton as a member of Chitonina.","PeriodicalId":50126,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Molluscan Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2021-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1093/MOLLUS/EYAB019","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41405516","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Dawn C Ellis-Diamond, B. Picton, Yara Tibiriçá, J. Sigwart
Here we describe a new species of shallow-subtidal nudibranch from south-eastern Africa. The strikingly vivid orange sea slug with white markings belongs to the long-disputed family Facelinidae, and has been photographed and recorded in the region by divers for some time. Tomographic modelling was applied to produce a 3D anatomical reconstruction of the reproductive and digestive organs from serial sections. A molecular phylogeny using multiple markers (cytochrome c oxidase subunit I, 16S rRNA and histone H3) recovered three distinct clades within the paraphyletic Facelinidae, in agreement with other recent studies. This topology supported a genus-level clade, including the type species of Sakuraeolis Baba, 1965, S. enosimensis Baba, 1930, the new species described herein, S. arcana n. sp., and an undescribed sibling species that shares morphological resemblance to S. arcana n. sp. Facelina quatrefagesi Vayssière, 1888 is also recognized as Caloria quatrefagesi n. comb. on the basis of molecular and morphology affinity. Field observations provided insight into phenology, with a population decline noted in August. Although the new species does not have the penial structure previously considered diagnostic for Sakuraeolis, the decision was made on the balance of evidence for phylogenetic affinity to amend the diagnosis of the genus to accommodate S. arcana n. sp.
在这里，我们描述了一种来自非洲东南部的浅潮下裸鳃新种。这种带有白色斑纹的橙色海蛞蝓属于长期存在争议的海蛞蝓科，潜水员在该地区拍摄和记录了一段时间。层析建模应用于产生一个三维解剖重建的生殖和消化器官从一系列的切片。使用多个标记(细胞色素c氧化酶亚基I, 16S rRNA和组蛋白H3)的分子系统发育恢复了副葡萄球菌中三个不同的分支，与其他最近的研究一致。这种拓扑结构支持一个属级进化，包括1965年的Sakuraeolis Baba模式种、1930年的S. enosimensis Baba、本文描述的新种S. arcana n. sp，以及一个未描述的与S. arcana n. sp形态相似的兄弟种。Facelina quatrefagesi vayssi re, 1888年也被认为是Caloria quatrefagesi n. comb。基于分子和形态亲和。野外观察提供了对物候的深入了解，8月份发现了种群数量的下降。虽然新种不具有先前被认为是Sakuraeolis诊断的尖部结构，但在平衡了系统发育亲缘性的证据后，决定修改该属的诊断，以适应S. arcana n. sp。
{"title":"A new species of Sakuraeolis from Mozambique, described using 3D reconstruction of anatomy and phylogenetic analysis","authors":"Dawn C Ellis-Diamond, B. Picton, Yara Tibiriçá, J. Sigwart","doi":"10.1093/MOLLUS/EYAB010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/MOLLUS/EYAB010","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Here we describe a new species of shallow-subtidal nudibranch from south-eastern Africa. The strikingly vivid orange sea slug with white markings belongs to the long-disputed family Facelinidae, and has been photographed and recorded in the region by divers for some time. Tomographic modelling was applied to produce a 3D anatomical reconstruction of the reproductive and digestive organs from serial sections. A molecular phylogeny using multiple markers (cytochrome c oxidase subunit I, 16S rRNA and histone H3) recovered three distinct clades within the paraphyletic Facelinidae, in agreement with other recent studies. This topology supported a genus-level clade, including the type species of Sakuraeolis Baba, 1965, S. enosimensis Baba, 1930, the new species described herein, S. arcana n. sp., and an undescribed sibling species that shares morphological resemblance to S. arcana n. sp. Facelina quatrefagesi Vayssière, 1888 is also recognized as Caloria quatrefagesi n. comb. on the basis of molecular and morphology affinity. Field observations provided insight into phenology, with a population decline noted in August. Although the new species does not have the penial structure previously considered diagnostic for Sakuraeolis, the decision was made on the balance of evidence for phylogenetic affinity to amend the diagnosis of the genus to accommodate S. arcana n. sp.","PeriodicalId":50126,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Molluscan Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2021-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1093/MOLLUS/EYAB010","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43804560","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Zemin Zhao, Rihao Cong, Kecheng Zhang, Wei Wang, Guofan Zhang, Ying Pan, Li Li
{"title":"Illumination can change the periodic variation of the oxygen consumption rate of Crassostrea gigas","authors":"Zemin Zhao, Rihao Cong, Kecheng Zhang, Wei Wang, Guofan Zhang, Ying Pan, Li Li","doi":"10.1093/MOLLUS/EYAB012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/MOLLUS/EYAB012","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50126,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Molluscan Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2021-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1093/MOLLUS/EYAB012","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43731800","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The global decline of freshwater bivalves (Unionida) has prompted many programmes for their conservation and augmentation, which often include a captive breeding component. One key point to such programmes is the collection, maintenance and use of mussel glochidium larvae, which require attachment to a fish host in a sensitive parasitic stage of their life cycle. Understanding the thermal limits of glochidia can increase knowledge of mussel larval survival and ultimately aid in the development of conservation programmes. Glochidia of the endangered thick-shelled river mussel Unio crassus and the non-native Chinese pond mussel Sinanodonta woodiana were observed for active clamping ability at 5, 15, 17, 20 and 25 °C over the course of a 7-d period. The results from this study confirm that an inverse relationship between water temperature and larval viability can be observed in both species. Additionally, the significantly higher thermal tolerance of S. woodiana indicates that the species exhibits competitive invasive behaviour beginning from the larval stage. These findings also suggest that the collection and transportation of glochidia from genetically important yet distant populations is feasible if the larvae can be maintained at temperatures between 5 and 15 °C.
{"title":"Effects of water temperature on glochidium viability of Unio crassus and Sinanodonta woodiana: implications for conservation, management and captive breeding","authors":"Alia Benedict, J. Geist","doi":"10.1093/MOLLUS/EYAB011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/MOLLUS/EYAB011","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The global decline of freshwater bivalves (Unionida) has prompted many programmes for their conservation and augmentation, which often include a captive breeding component. One key point to such programmes is the collection, maintenance and use of mussel glochidium larvae, which require attachment to a fish host in a sensitive parasitic stage of their life cycle. Understanding the thermal limits of glochidia can increase knowledge of mussel larval survival and ultimately aid in the development of conservation programmes. Glochidia of the endangered thick-shelled river mussel Unio crassus and the non-native Chinese pond mussel Sinanodonta woodiana were observed for active clamping ability at 5, 15, 17, 20 and 25 °C over the course of a 7-d period. The results from this study confirm that an inverse relationship between water temperature and larval viability can be observed in both species. Additionally, the significantly higher thermal tolerance of S. woodiana indicates that the species exhibits competitive invasive behaviour beginning from the larval stage. These findings also suggest that the collection and transportation of glochidia from genetically important yet distant populations is feasible if the larvae can be maintained at temperatures between 5 and 15 °C.","PeriodicalId":50126,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Molluscan Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2021-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1093/MOLLUS/EYAB011","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48414648","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Statocyst content in Aeolidida (Nudibranchia) is an uninformative character for phylogenetic studies","authors":"C. Baumann, E. Laetz, H. Wägele","doi":"10.1093/MOLLUS/EYAB009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/MOLLUS/EYAB009","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50126,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Molluscan Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2021-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1093/MOLLUS/EYAB009","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49115778","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The morphological identification of many groups of gastropods is mostly based on shell morphology and genital structures. The value of opercular characters as taxonomic characters has so far been barely studied and evaluated. Here, the opercular characters of river snails (Viviparidae) have been revised systematically for the first time. Based on a morphological study of the opercula of 38 species of 25 viviparid genera, 16 newly defined opercular characters are shown to be useful for genus and species identification. A detailed diagnosis and description of opercular characters for each genus/species is given. One new generic assignment of a viviparid species is proposed based on this study, namely Cipangopaludina nagaensis n. comb.
许多腹足类动物的形态学鉴定主要基于外壳形态和生殖结构。目前对眼性状作为分类性状的研究和评价甚少。本文首次对河螺(胎生科)的眼观特征进行了系统的修正。本文对25个胎生属38种的胎生盖进行了形态学研究，发现有16个新定义的胎生盖特征可用于属和种的鉴定。给出了每个属/种的详细诊断和眼特征描述。在此基础上提出了一种胎生种的新属分配，即Cipangopaludina nagaensis n. comb。
{"title":"The neglected operculum: a revision of the opercular characters in river snails (Caenogastropoda: Viviparidae)","authors":"Le-Jia Zhang, T. Rintelen","doi":"10.1093/MOLLUS/EYAB008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/MOLLUS/EYAB008","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The morphological identification of many groups of gastropods is mostly based on shell morphology and genital structures. The value of opercular characters as taxonomic characters has so far been barely studied and evaluated. Here, the opercular characters of river snails (Viviparidae) have been revised systematically for the first time. Based on a morphological study of the opercula of 38 species of 25 viviparid genera, 16 newly defined opercular characters are shown to be useful for genus and species identification. A detailed diagnosis and description of opercular characters for each genus/species is given. One new generic assignment of a viviparid species is proposed based on this study, namely Cipangopaludina nagaensis n. comb.","PeriodicalId":50126,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Molluscan Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2021-04-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1093/MOLLUS/EYAB008","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43084800","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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