Pub Date : 2024-02-04DOI: 10.1101/2024.02.02.24302186
Mario Brondani, Grace Barlow, Shuwen Liu, Pavneet Kalsi, Annika Koonar, Jialin (Lydia) Chen, Peter Murphy, Jonathan Broadbent, Bruna Brondani
Background: Diversity, equity, and inclusion (DEI) mission statements continue to be adopted by academic institutions in general, and by dental schools around the globe in particular. But DEI content seems to be under-developed in dental education. Objectives: The objectives of this study were two-fold: to extract information from all the PBL cases at University of British Columbia’s Faculty of Dentistry curriculum in terms of the diversity, equity, and inclusion of patient and provider characteristics, context, and treatment outcomes; and; to compare these findings with the composition of the British Columbia census population, dental practice contextual factors, and the evidence on treatment outcomes within patient care. Methods: Information from all the 58 PBL cases was extracted focusing on patient and provider characteristics (e.g., age, gender, ethnicity), context (e.g., type of insurance), and treatment outcomes (e.g., successful/unsuccessful). This information was compared with the available literature. Results: From all the 58 PBL cases, 0.4% included non-straight patients, while at least 4% of BC residents self-identify as non-straight; there were no cases involving First Nations patients although they make up 6% of the British Columbia population. Less than 10% of the cases involved older adults who make up almost 20% of the population. Only Treatments involving patients without a disability were 5.74 times more likely to be successful compared to those involving patients with a disability (p<0.05). Conclusions: The characteristics of the patients, practice context, and treatment outcomes portrayed in the existing PBL cases seem to differ from what is known about the composition of the British Columbia population, treatment outcome success, and practice context; a curriculum disconnect seems to exist. The PBL cases should be revised to better represent the population within which most students will practice.
{"title":"Problem-based Learning Curriculum Disconnect on Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion","authors":"Mario Brondani, Grace Barlow, Shuwen Liu, Pavneet Kalsi, Annika Koonar, Jialin (Lydia) Chen, Peter Murphy, Jonathan Broadbent, Bruna Brondani","doi":"10.1101/2024.02.02.24302186","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.02.02.24302186","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Diversity, equity, and inclusion (DEI) mission statements continue to be adopted by academic institutions in general, and by dental schools around the globe in particular. But DEI content seems to be under-developed in dental education.\u0000Objectives: The objectives of this study were two-fold: to extract information from all the PBL cases at University of British Columbia’s Faculty of Dentistry curriculum in terms of the diversity, equity, and inclusion of patient and provider characteristics, context, and treatment outcomes; and; to compare these findings with the composition of the British Columbia census population, dental practice contextual factors, and the evidence on treatment outcomes within patient care.\u0000Methods: Information from all the 58 PBL cases was extracted focusing on patient and provider characteristics (e.g., age, gender, ethnicity), context (e.g., type of insurance), and treatment outcomes (e.g., successful/unsuccessful). This information was compared with the available literature.\u0000Results: From all the 58 PBL cases, 0.4% included non-straight patients, while at least 4% of BC residents self-identify as non-straight; there were no cases involving First Nations patients although they make up 6% of the British Columbia population. Less than 10% of the cases involved older adults who make up almost 20% of the population. Only Treatments involving patients without a disability were 5.74 times more likely to be successful compared to those involving patients with a disability (p<0.05).\u0000Conclusions: The characteristics of the patients, practice context, and treatment outcomes portrayed in the existing PBL cases seem to differ from what is known about the composition of the British Columbia population, treatment outcome success, and practice context; a curriculum disconnect seems to exist. The PBL cases should be revised to better represent the population within which most students will practice.","PeriodicalId":501363,"journal":{"name":"medRxiv - Dentistry and Oral Medicine","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139678133","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-02DOI: 10.1101/2024.01.31.24302055
James R Miller, Zachary J Hass
There are many case-control (Ca-Co) studies in the literature on the importance of risk factors for the occurrence of temporomandibular disorders (TMD). These studies typically report the adjusted odds ratio (OR) for each risk factor being studied. This paper presents other epidemiological measurements for evaluating the importance of risk factors for the occurrence of TMD. These measurements include the population attributable risk percent (PAR%) and the attributable risk percent (AR%). The AR% for parafunctional habits, facial trauma, and orthopedic instability were estimated to be 86%, 80%, and 60%, respectively, while the corresponding PAR% were estimated to be 60%, 38%, and 7%. PAR% underestimates the importance of a risk factor for the occurrence of TMD among individuals exposed to the risk factor. The attributable risk percent (AR%) is an appropriate epidemiological measurement to evaluate the importance of a risk factor for TMD among individuals exposed to the risk factor.
{"title":"Determining the importance of risk factors for the occurrence of temporomandibular disorders in the population and among exposed individuals","authors":"James R Miller, Zachary J Hass","doi":"10.1101/2024.01.31.24302055","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.01.31.24302055","url":null,"abstract":"There are many case-control (Ca-Co) studies in the literature on the importance of risk factors for the occurrence of temporomandibular disorders (TMD). These studies typically report the adjusted odds ratio (OR) for each risk factor being studied. This paper presents other epidemiological measurements for evaluating the importance of risk factors for the occurrence of TMD. These measurements include the population attributable risk percent (PAR%) and the attributable risk percent (AR%). The AR% for parafunctional habits, facial trauma, and orthopedic instability were estimated to be 86%, 80%, and 60%, respectively, while the corresponding PAR% were estimated to be 60%, 38%, and 7%. PAR% underestimates the importance of a risk factor for the occurrence of TMD among individuals exposed to the risk factor. The attributable risk percent (AR%) is an appropriate epidemiological measurement to evaluate the importance of a risk factor for TMD among individuals exposed to the risk factor.","PeriodicalId":501363,"journal":{"name":"medRxiv - Dentistry and Oral Medicine","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139664615","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-29DOI: 10.1101/2024.01.28.24301883
Tuan D Pham, Lifong Zou, Mangala Patel, Simon Holmes, Paul Coulthard
This study, for the first time, explores the integration of data science and machine learning for the classification and prediction of coronary artery calcium (CAC) scores, investigating both tooth loss and patient characteristics as key input features. By employing these advanced analytical techniques, we aim to enhance the accuracy of classifying CAC scores into tertiles and predicting their values. Our findings reveal that patient characteristics are particularly effective for tertile classification, while tooth loss provides more accurate predicted CAC scores. Moreover, the combination of patient characteristics and tooth loss demonstrates improved accuracy in identifying individuals at higher risk of cardiovascular issues related to CAC. This research contributes valuable insights into the relationship between oral health indicators, such as tooth loss, patient characteristics, and cardiovascular health, shedding light on their potential roles in predictive modeling and classification tasks for CAC scores.
{"title":"Tooth Loss, Patient Characteristics, and Coronary Artery Calcification","authors":"Tuan D Pham, Lifong Zou, Mangala Patel, Simon Holmes, Paul Coulthard","doi":"10.1101/2024.01.28.24301883","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.01.28.24301883","url":null,"abstract":"This study, for the first time, explores the integration of data science and machine learning for the classification and prediction of coronary artery calcium (CAC) scores, investigating both tooth loss and patient characteristics as key input features. By employing these advanced analytical techniques, we aim to enhance the accuracy of classifying CAC scores into tertiles and predicting their values. Our findings reveal that patient characteristics are particularly effective for tertile classification, while tooth loss provides more accurate predicted CAC scores. Moreover, the combination of patient characteristics and tooth loss demonstrates improved accuracy in identifying individuals at higher risk of cardiovascular issues related to CAC. This research contributes valuable insights into the relationship between oral health indicators, such as tooth loss, patient characteristics, and cardiovascular health, shedding light on their potential roles in predictive modeling and classification tasks for CAC scores.","PeriodicalId":501363,"journal":{"name":"medRxiv - Dentistry and Oral Medicine","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139585392","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-24DOI: 10.1101/2024.01.23.24300787
Anna Westerlund, Halah Khalifa, Ranna Yousif, Gustavo Silva Araujo, Evelina Lundqvist, Erica Larsson, Rakel Thrastardottir, Rebecka Akhlaghi, Victoria Granciuc, Charlotta Svanberg, Maria André, Anna Lehrkinder, Farhan Bazargani, Christina Goriel Radsjö, Caspar Carlfjord, Anke Krämer, Niels Ganzer, Isabell Hansson, Erik Frilund, Eva Josefsson, Rune Lindsten, Anders Magnusson, Brygida Grunwald, Firas Hittini, Nurije Kryeziu, Henning Looström, Mikael Sonesson, Reem Al-Taha, Hanna Surac, Seifi Esmaili, Haris Isic, Anna Tegnell, Samuel Andersson, Mai Lin Lövgren, Jenny Kallunki, Anna E Lorenzo, Elena Arezzo, Agata Jasna, Tumkur Sitaram Raviprakash, Ewa Strömqvist-Engbo, Amanda Burstedt, William Rosenbaum, Oscar öhman, Wolfgang Lohr, Ann-Charlotte Rönn, Tomas Axelsson, Lena Mårell, Lennart österman, Edward J Hollox, Ulrika Westerlind, Karina Persson, Henrik Clausen, Per Liv, Patrik Ryden, Johan Henriksson, Laura Carroll, Nongfei Sheng, Pär Larsson, Nicklas Strömberg
ABSTRACT Introduction Dental caries is a disease that affects billions of people, and involves high and low genetic susceptibility phenotypes and different causal subtypes. The randomized clinical trial Precaries-RCT will evaluate caries prevention in adolescents, customized according to genetic cause and risk. Here we describe the Precaries-RCT and two nested Precaries studies for cost-efficient oral healthcare and personalized dentistry. Methods and analysis Here we present a basic and adaptive protocol for the Precaries-RCT multicentre caries intervention study, customized according to genetic cause and risk. It includes prescreening for high versus low genetic caries susceptibility, through self-performed sampling by mail of up to 2000 adolescents aimed for orthodontic treatment at community clinics, of which 520 are enrolled in the RCT. The participants are allocated into two groups — a high and a low genetic caries susceptibility group — that each is assigned to intensive or standard prevention. The primary outcome is % reduction in caries increment, relative to prevention and genotype, with caries outcomes measured using tactile and visual methods, bitewing radiographs, clinical photos, and quantitative laser fluorescence. The adaptive design allows for determination of incidence and progression rates and for inclusion of additional human and microbiota biomarkers and study subjects. Biological samples (e.g. swab DNA, whole and parotid saliva, and microbiota) and questionnaire data are collected. Here we also outline the nested Precaries-adolescent sample for mining of predictor and therapeutic target genes and Precaries-birth cohort samples for implementation of our findings in childhood. Ethics and dissemination Ethical approval was obtained from the Swedish national board research ethics committee (Dnr 2020-02533). Informed consent will be obtained from each participant. The findings will be disseminated to the public through conference presentations and publication in peer-reviewed scientific journals. Trial registration number www.clinicaltrials.gov, NCT05600517
{"title":"Personalized oral care (Precaries): an intervention study customized according to genetic cause and risk","authors":"Anna Westerlund, Halah Khalifa, Ranna Yousif, Gustavo Silva Araujo, Evelina Lundqvist, Erica Larsson, Rakel Thrastardottir, Rebecka Akhlaghi, Victoria Granciuc, Charlotta Svanberg, Maria André, Anna Lehrkinder, Farhan Bazargani, Christina Goriel Radsjö, Caspar Carlfjord, Anke Krämer, Niels Ganzer, Isabell Hansson, Erik Frilund, Eva Josefsson, Rune Lindsten, Anders Magnusson, Brygida Grunwald, Firas Hittini, Nurije Kryeziu, Henning Looström, Mikael Sonesson, Reem Al-Taha, Hanna Surac, Seifi Esmaili, Haris Isic, Anna Tegnell, Samuel Andersson, Mai Lin Lövgren, Jenny Kallunki, Anna E Lorenzo, Elena Arezzo, Agata Jasna, Tumkur Sitaram Raviprakash, Ewa Strömqvist-Engbo, Amanda Burstedt, William Rosenbaum, Oscar öhman, Wolfgang Lohr, Ann-Charlotte Rönn, Tomas Axelsson, Lena Mårell, Lennart österman, Edward J Hollox, Ulrika Westerlind, Karina Persson, Henrik Clausen, Per Liv, Patrik Ryden, Johan Henriksson, Laura Carroll, Nongfei Sheng, Pär Larsson, Nicklas Strömberg","doi":"10.1101/2024.01.23.24300787","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.01.23.24300787","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT\u0000Introduction Dental caries is a disease that affects billions of people, and involves high and low genetic susceptibility phenotypes and different causal subtypes. The randomized clinical trial Precaries-RCT will evaluate caries prevention in adolescents, customized according to genetic cause and risk. Here we describe the Precaries-RCT and two nested Precaries studies for cost-efficient oral healthcare and personalized dentistry.\u0000Methods and analysis Here we present a basic and adaptive protocol for the Precaries-RCT multicentre caries intervention study, customized according to genetic cause and risk. It includes prescreening for high versus low genetic caries susceptibility, through self-performed sampling by mail of up to 2000 adolescents aimed for orthodontic treatment at community clinics, of which 520 are enrolled in the RCT. The participants are allocated into two groups — a high and a low genetic caries susceptibility group — that each is assigned to intensive or standard prevention. The primary outcome is % reduction in caries increment, relative to prevention and genotype, with caries outcomes measured using tactile and visual methods, bitewing radiographs, clinical photos, and quantitative laser fluorescence. The adaptive design allows for determination of incidence and progression rates and for inclusion of additional human and microbiota biomarkers and study subjects. Biological samples (e.g. swab DNA, whole and parotid saliva, and microbiota) and questionnaire data are collected. Here we also outline the nested Precaries-adolescent sample for mining of predictor and therapeutic target genes and Precaries-birth cohort samples for implementation of our findings in childhood.\u0000Ethics and dissemination Ethical approval was obtained from the Swedish national board research ethics committee (Dnr 2020-02533). Informed consent will be obtained from each participant. The findings will be disseminated to the public through conference presentations and publication in peer-reviewed scientific journals.\u0000Trial registration number www.clinicaltrials.gov, NCT05600517","PeriodicalId":501363,"journal":{"name":"medRxiv - Dentistry and Oral Medicine","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139557364","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-19DOI: 10.1101/2023.12.19.23300225
Luis Limo, Kathryn Nicholson, Saverio Stranges, Noha Gomaa
INTRODUCTION Emerging research on the links between sub-optimal oral health and multimorbidity (MM), or the co-existence of multiple chronic conditions, has raised queries on whether enhancing access to dental care may mitigate the MM burden, especially in older age. Here, we aim to assess the association between sub-optimal oral health and MM and whether access to dental care can mitigate the risk of MM in individuals with sub-optimal oral health. METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional analysis using data from the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging (CLSA) (n=44,815, 45-84 years old). Edentulism, self-reported oral health (SROH), and other oral health problems (e.g., toothache, bleeding gums), were each used as indicators of sub-optimal oral health. MM was defined according to the Public Health Agency of Canada as having 2 or more chronic conditions out of cancer, cardiovascular diseases, chronic respiratory diseases, diabetes, and mental illnesses. Variables for access to dental care included the number of dental visits within the last year, dental insurance status, and cost barriers to dental care. We constructed multivariable step-wise logistic regression models and interaction terms with 95% confidence intervals and estimated prevalence ratio (PR) to assess the associations of interest, adjusting for a priori determined sociodemographic and behavioural factors. RESULTS Each of the sub-optimal oral health indicators were significantly associated with MM (edentulism PR=1.48, 95%CI 1.31, 1.68; poor SROH PR=1.81, 95%CI 1.62, 2.01; other oral health problems PR = 1.91, 95%CI 1.78, 2.06). The magnitude of this association was exacerbated in individuals who lacked dental insurance, could not afford dental care, and those who reported fewer dental visits within the last year. CONCLUSION The association between sub-optimal oral health and MM may be exacerbated by the lack of access to dental care. Policies aiming to enhance access to dental care may help mitigate the risk of MM.
导言：有关口腔健康状况欠佳与多病（MM）或多种慢性病并存之间的联系的新兴研究，引发了人们对加强牙科保健是否可以减轻多病负担（尤其是老年人）的疑问。在此，我们旨在评估次优口腔健康与 MM 之间的关联，以及获得牙科保健是否能减轻次优口腔健康人群患 MM 的风险。方法 我们利用加拿大老龄化纵向研究（CLSA）的数据（n=44,815，45-84 岁）进行了横断面分析。缺牙症、自我报告的口腔健康状况（SROH）和其他口腔健康问题（如牙痛、牙龈出血）均被用作口腔健康状况不达标的指标。根据加拿大公共卫生局的定义，MM 是指在癌症、心血管疾病、慢性呼吸系统疾病、糖尿病和精神疾病中患有 2 种或 2 种以上慢性疾病的人。获得牙科保健的变量包括去年看牙的次数、牙科保险状况和牙科保健的费用障碍。我们建立了多变量分步逻辑回归模型和交互项，并设定了 95% 的置信区间和估计患病率比 (PR)，以评估相关的关联性，同时对事先确定的社会人口和行为因素进行了调整。结果 每项次优口腔健康指标都与多发性硬化症有显著相关性（龋齿 PR=1.48，95%CI 1.31，1.68；口腔卫生不良 PR=1.81，95%CI 1.62，2.01；其他口腔健康问题 PR=1.91，95%CI 1.78，2.06）。对于没有牙科保险、负担不起牙科保健费用以及在过去一年中牙科就诊次数较少的人来说，这种关联的程度更为严重。结论 口腔健康欠佳与 MM 之间的关联可能因缺乏牙科保健而加剧。旨在增加牙科保健机会的政策可能有助于降低罹患 MM 的风险。
{"title":"SUB-OPTIMAL ORAL HEALTH, MULTIMORBIDITY, AND ACCESS TO DENTAL CARE","authors":"Luis Limo, Kathryn Nicholson, Saverio Stranges, Noha Gomaa","doi":"10.1101/2023.12.19.23300225","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1101/2023.12.19.23300225","url":null,"abstract":"INTRODUCTION\u0000Emerging research on the links between sub-optimal oral health and multimorbidity (MM), or the co-existence of multiple chronic conditions, has raised queries on whether enhancing access to dental care may mitigate the MM burden, especially in older age. Here, we aim to assess the association between sub-optimal oral health and MM and whether access to dental care can mitigate the risk of MM in individuals with sub-optimal oral health. METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional analysis using data from the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging (CLSA) (n=44,815, 45-84 years old). Edentulism, self-reported oral health (SROH), and other oral health problems (e.g., toothache, bleeding gums), were each used as indicators of sub-optimal oral health. MM was defined according to the Public Health Agency of Canada as having 2 or more chronic conditions out of cancer, cardiovascular diseases, chronic respiratory diseases, diabetes, and mental illnesses. Variables for access to dental care included the number of dental visits within the last year, dental insurance status, and cost barriers to dental care. We constructed multivariable step-wise logistic regression models and interaction terms with 95% confidence intervals and estimated prevalence ratio (PR) to assess the associations of interest, adjusting for a priori determined sociodemographic and behavioural factors. RESULTS Each of the sub-optimal oral health indicators were significantly associated with MM (edentulism PR=1.48, 95%CI 1.31, 1.68; poor SROH PR=1.81, 95%CI 1.62, 2.01; other oral health problems PR = 1.91, 95%CI 1.78, 2.06). The magnitude of this association was exacerbated in individuals who lacked dental insurance, could not afford dental care, and those who reported fewer dental visits within the last year. CONCLUSION The association between sub-optimal oral health and MM may be exacerbated by the lack of access to dental care. Policies aiming to enhance access to dental care may help mitigate the risk of MM.","PeriodicalId":501363,"journal":{"name":"medRxiv - Dentistry and Oral Medicine","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138818303","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-17DOI: 10.1101/2023.12.15.23300046
David Okuji, Yen Dinh, Tony McClure, Myeonggyun Lee
Purpose This study compared the wait-time for treatment completion and pre- and post-treatment outcomes of treating early childhood caries with silver diamine fluoride, sedation, and general anesthesia.
{"title":"Negative Clinical Outcomes Between Silver Diamine Fluoride, Sedation, and General Anesthesia Treatment for Children with Early Childhood Caries: A Cohort Study","authors":"David Okuji, Yen Dinh, Tony McClure, Myeonggyun Lee","doi":"10.1101/2023.12.15.23300046","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1101/2023.12.15.23300046","url":null,"abstract":"<strong>Purpose</strong> This study compared the wait-time for treatment completion and pre- and post-treatment outcomes of treating early childhood caries with silver diamine fluoride, sedation, and general anesthesia.","PeriodicalId":501363,"journal":{"name":"medRxiv - Dentistry and Oral Medicine","volume":"245 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138818309","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-14DOI: 10.1101/2023.12.13.23299919
Jungwook Lee, Daeseung Kim, Xuanang Xu, Tianshu Kuang, Jaime Gateno, Pingkun Yan
Orthognathic surgery traditionally focuses on correcting skeletal abnormalities and malocclusion, with the expectation that an optimal facial appearance will naturally follow. However, this skeletal-driven approach can lead to undesirable facial aesthetics and residual asymmetry. To address these issues, a soft-tissue-driven planning method has been proposed. This innovative method bases bone movement estimates on the targeted ideal facial appearance, thus increasing the surgical plan’s accuracy and effectiveness. This study explores the initial phase of implementing a soft-tissue-driven approach, simulating the patient’s optimal facial look by repositioning deformed facial landmarks to an ideal state. The algorithm incorporates symmetrization and weighted optimization strategies, aligning projected optimal landmarks with standard cephalometric values for both facial symmetry and form, which are integral to facial aesthetics in orthognathic surgery. It also includes regularization to preserve the patient’s original facial characteristics. Validated using retrospective analysis of data from both preoperative patients and normal subjects, this approach effectively achieves not only facial symmetry, particularly in the lower face, but also a more natural and normalized facial form. This novel approach, aligning with soft-tissue-driven planning principles, shows promise in surpassing traditional methods, potentially leading to enhanced facial outcomes and patient satisfaction in orthognathic surgery.
{"title":"Predicting Optimal Patient-Specific Postoperative Facial Landmarks for Patients with Craniomaxillofacial Deformities","authors":"Jungwook Lee, Daeseung Kim, Xuanang Xu, Tianshu Kuang, Jaime Gateno, Pingkun Yan","doi":"10.1101/2023.12.13.23299919","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1101/2023.12.13.23299919","url":null,"abstract":"Orthognathic surgery traditionally focuses on correcting skeletal abnormalities and malocclusion, with the expectation that an optimal facial appearance will naturally follow. However, this skeletal-driven approach can lead to undesirable facial aesthetics and residual asymmetry. To address these issues, a soft-tissue-driven planning method has been proposed. This innovative method bases bone movement estimates on the targeted ideal facial appearance, thus increasing the surgical plan’s accuracy and effectiveness. This study explores the initial phase of implementing a soft-tissue-driven approach, simulating the patient’s optimal facial look by repositioning deformed facial landmarks to an ideal state. The algorithm incorporates symmetrization and weighted optimization strategies, aligning projected optimal landmarks with standard cephalometric values for both facial symmetry and form, which are integral to facial aesthetics in orthognathic surgery. It also includes regularization to preserve the patient’s original facial characteristics. Validated using retrospective analysis of data from both preoperative patients and normal subjects, this approach effectively achieves not only facial symmetry, particularly in the lower face, but also a more natural and normalized facial form. This novel approach, aligning with soft-tissue-driven planning principles, shows promise in surpassing traditional methods, potentially leading to enhanced facial outcomes and patient satisfaction in orthognathic surgery.","PeriodicalId":501363,"journal":{"name":"medRxiv - Dentistry and Oral Medicine","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138716203","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background The risk of infection during dental practices is omnipresent for both patients and healthcare workers. Workers within the bucco-dental health services are among the most affected. The most reported infectious agents transmitted through blood and body fluids are Human Immunodeficiency Virus, viral hepatitis B and C. Compliance with standard precautions prevents exposure to hospital associated infections that are acquired through exposure needle sticks and splashes in healthcare settings. The aim of the present investigation was to assess the level of implementation and constraints to the observance of standard precautions in bucco-dental services.
{"title":"Occupational Exposure and Observance of Standard Precautions Among Bucco-dental Health Workers in Referral Hospitals (Yaoundé, Cameroon)","authors":"Innocent Takougang, Zita Fojuh Mbognou, Fabrice Zobel Lekeumo Cheuyem, Ariane Nouko, Michèle Lowe","doi":"10.1101/2023.11.24.23298984","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1101/2023.11.24.23298984","url":null,"abstract":"<strong>Background</strong> The risk of infection during dental practices is omnipresent for both patients and healthcare workers. Workers within the bucco-dental health services are among the most affected. The most reported infectious agents transmitted through blood and body fluids are Human Immunodeficiency Virus, viral hepatitis B and C. Compliance with standard precautions prevents exposure to hospital associated infections that are acquired through exposure needle sticks and splashes in healthcare settings. The aim of the present investigation was to assess the level of implementation and constraints to the observance of standard precautions in bucco-dental services.","PeriodicalId":501363,"journal":{"name":"medRxiv - Dentistry and Oral Medicine","volume":"48 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138522481","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-20DOI: 10.1101/2023.11.20.23298788
Sang Won Lee, Kateryna Huz, Kayla Gorelick, Thomas Bina, Satoko Matsumura, Noah Yin, Nicholas Zhang, Yvonne Naa Ardua Anang, Jackie Li, Helena I. Servin-DeMarrais, Donald J McMahon, Michael T. Yin, Sunil Wadhwa, Helen H. Lu
Severity of periodontal disease may be determined by measurement of alveolar crestal height (ACH) on dental bitewing radiographs; however, the prevailing method of assessment is through visualization which is time consuming and not a direct measure. The primary objective of this manuscript is to create and validate a deep learning technique for precise evaluation of alveolar bone loss in bitewing radiographs. Additionally, surveys were conducted with dental professionals to determine accuracy of visualized measures of ACH for severe periodontal disease versus the deep learning program and to determine the acceptability of utility of the program among diverse dental professionals. Lastly, the deep learning program was utilized in research to evaluate the role of COVID on periodontal disease through longitudinal measures of bitewing radiograph ACH from patients during the: "pre-pandemic" (Feb 2017 - Feb 2020) and "post-pandemic" (Feb 2020 - Feb 2023) periods. The pre-pandemic group had a mean percentage loss of ACH of -1.74 + 16.5%, representing a gain in alveolar bone. In contrast, the post-pandemic group had a gain in ACH of 2.46 + 14.6%, representing a loss in alveolar bone. There remained a trend for greater annualized percent change in ACH in the post-pandemic vs pre-pandemic group (1.33 + 11.9% vs -0.94 + 12.5%, p=0.07), after accounting for differences in duration between xrays. Overall, this study demonstrates the successful training and validation of a deep learning program for ACH measurement as well as its utility and acceptability among dental professionals for clinical and research.
{"title":"Deep Learning Approach to Measure Alveolar Bone Loss After COVID-19","authors":"Sang Won Lee, Kateryna Huz, Kayla Gorelick, Thomas Bina, Satoko Matsumura, Noah Yin, Nicholas Zhang, Yvonne Naa Ardua Anang, Jackie Li, Helena I. Servin-DeMarrais, Donald J McMahon, Michael T. Yin, Sunil Wadhwa, Helen H. Lu","doi":"10.1101/2023.11.20.23298788","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1101/2023.11.20.23298788","url":null,"abstract":"Severity of periodontal disease may be determined by measurement of alveolar crestal height (ACH) on dental bitewing radiographs; however, the prevailing method of assessment is through visualization which is time consuming and not a direct measure. The primary objective of this manuscript is to create and validate a deep learning technique for precise evaluation of alveolar bone loss in bitewing radiographs. Additionally, surveys were conducted with dental professionals to determine accuracy of visualized measures of ACH for severe periodontal disease versus the deep learning program and to determine the acceptability of utility of the program among diverse dental professionals. Lastly, the deep learning program was utilized in research to evaluate the role of COVID on periodontal disease through longitudinal measures of bitewing radiograph ACH from patients during the: \"pre-pandemic\" (Feb 2017 - Feb 2020) and \"post-pandemic\" (Feb 2020 - Feb 2023) periods. The pre-pandemic group had a mean percentage loss of ACH of -1.74 + 16.5%, representing a gain in alveolar bone. In contrast, the post-pandemic group had a gain in ACH of 2.46 + 14.6%, representing a loss in alveolar bone. There remained a trend for greater annualized percent change in ACH in the post-pandemic vs pre-pandemic group (1.33 + 11.9% vs -0.94 + 12.5%, p=0.07), after accounting for differences in duration between xrays. Overall, this study demonstrates the successful training and validation of a deep learning program for ACH measurement as well as its utility and acceptability among dental professionals for clinical and research.","PeriodicalId":501363,"journal":{"name":"medRxiv - Dentistry and Oral Medicine","volume":"65 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138542695","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mandibular shape variability and effects of age and sex were explored in an adult human sample using dense landmarking and geometric morphometrics. We segmented 50 male and 50 female mandibular surfaces from CBCT images (age range: 18.9 to 73.7 years). Nine fixed landmarks and 496 sliding semilandmarks were digitized on the mandibular surface, and then slid by minimizing bending energy against the average shape. Principal component analysis extracted the main patterns of shape variation. Sexes were compared with permutation tests and allometry was assessed by regressing on the log of the centroid size. Almost 49 percent of shape variation was described by the first three principal components. Shape variation was related to width, height and length proportions, variation of the angle between ramus and corpus, height of the coronoid process and inclination of the symphysis. Significant sexual dimorphism was detected, both in size and shape. Males were larger than females, had a higher ramus, more pronounced gonial angle, larger inter-gonial width, and more distinct antegonial notch. Accuracy of sexing based on the first two principal components in form space was 91 percent. The degree of edentulism was weakly related to mandibular shape. Age effects were not significant.
{"title":"Shape variation and sexual dimorphism of the adult human mandible evaluated by geometric morphometrics","authors":"Aspasia Chalazoniti, Wanda Lattanzi, Demetrios Halazonetis","doi":"10.1101/2023.11.18.23298726","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1101/2023.11.18.23298726","url":null,"abstract":"Mandibular shape variability and effects of age and sex were explored in an adult human sample using dense landmarking and geometric morphometrics. We segmented 50 male and 50 female mandibular surfaces from CBCT images (age range: 18.9 to 73.7 years). Nine fixed landmarks and 496 sliding semilandmarks were digitized on the mandibular surface, and then slid by minimizing bending energy against the average shape. Principal component analysis extracted the main patterns of shape variation. Sexes were compared with permutation tests and allometry was assessed by regressing on the log of the centroid size. Almost 49 percent of shape variation was described by the first three principal components. Shape variation was related to width, height and length proportions, variation of the angle between ramus and corpus, height of the coronoid process and inclination of the symphysis. Significant sexual dimorphism was detected, both in size and shape. Males were larger than females, had a higher ramus, more pronounced gonial angle, larger inter-gonial width, and more distinct antegonial notch. Accuracy of sexing based on the first two principal components in form space was 91 percent. The degree of edentulism was weakly related to mandibular shape. Age effects were not significant.","PeriodicalId":501363,"journal":{"name":"medRxiv - Dentistry and Oral Medicine","volume":"66 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138522482","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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