Pub Date : 2024-07-24DOI: 10.1101/2024.07.23.24310558
Zoe E Reed, Oliver Bastiani, Andy Eastwood, Ian S Penton-Voak, Christopher Jarrold, Marcus R Munafo, Angela S Attwood
Purpose: Difficulties with emotion recognition can occur in neurodevelopmental conditions, including in autistic individuals. Providing interventions to support this would therefore be beneficial, particularly in terms of downstream effects on wellbeing, social relationships and education. Methods: In this online experimental study, we examined the effect of a recently developed facial emotion recognition training task versus a sham/control task in an adult population identifying as autistic over four sessions in a 2-week period, with a fifth follow-up session (N=184). Results: Our main analyses showed that facial emotion recognition accuracy was greater in Session 4 in the active group, with an estimated improvement of 14% (equivalent to approximately 7 additional correct responses), compared to 2% (equivalent to approximately 1 additional correct responses) in the sham group. Additional analyses suggested training effects were generalisable to facial stimuli that participants had not been trained on and were still present, although attenuated, two weeks later. We also observed some self-reported improvements in social interactions post-training. Conclusion: Overall, this study demonstrated improved emotion recognition in an adult autistic sample with this training task. Future work is needed to investigate the effect of this emotion recognition training on emotion recognition accuracy in autistic children, where support could be most beneficial.
{"title":"Assessing the effectiveness of multi-session online emotion recognition training in autistic adults","authors":"Zoe E Reed, Oliver Bastiani, Andy Eastwood, Ian S Penton-Voak, Christopher Jarrold, Marcus R Munafo, Angela S Attwood","doi":"10.1101/2024.07.23.24310558","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.07.23.24310558","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: Difficulties with emotion recognition can occur in neurodevelopmental conditions, including in autistic individuals. Providing interventions to support this would therefore be beneficial, particularly in terms of downstream effects on wellbeing, social relationships and education. Methods: In this online experimental study, we examined the effect of a recently developed facial emotion recognition training task versus a sham/control task in an adult population identifying as autistic over four sessions in a 2-week period, with a fifth follow-up session (N=184). Results: Our main analyses showed that facial emotion recognition accuracy was greater in Session 4 in the active group, with an estimated improvement of 14% (equivalent to approximately 7 additional correct responses), compared to 2% (equivalent to approximately 1 additional correct responses) in the sham group. Additional analyses suggested training effects were generalisable to facial stimuli that participants had not been trained on and were still present, although attenuated, two weeks later. We also observed some self-reported improvements in social interactions post-training. Conclusion: Overall, this study demonstrated improved emotion recognition in an adult autistic sample with this training task. Future work is needed to investigate the effect of this emotion recognition training on emotion recognition accuracy in autistic children, where support could be most beneficial.","PeriodicalId":501388,"journal":{"name":"medRxiv - Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology","volume":"69 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141778206","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-24DOI: 10.1101/2024.07.24.24310927
Sumeyra N. Tayfur, Zhiqian Song, Fangyong Li, Hadar Hazan, Toni Gibbs-Dean, Deepa Purushothaman, Sneha Karmani, Javier Ponce Terashima, Cenk Tek, Vinod Srihari
Understanding the relationship between insight, depression, and suicidality in first-episode psychosis (FEP) is crucial for improving clinical outcomes and preventing suicide during early treatment stages. This longitudinal cohort study examined 264 participants enrolled in coordinated specialty care (CSC) services for FEP to investigate how insight and depression at admission impact suicidality at 6 and 12 months, assess depression's mediating role between insight and suicidality, and evaluate the persistence of depression over time. Regression analyses assessed the relationships among these variables, while mediation analyses explored depression's mediating effect. Significant predictors of suicidality at 6 months included insight (OR 0.71, 95% CI: 0.53 - 0.94), depression (OR 5.40, 95% CI: 2.45 - 12.61), and previous suicide attempts (OR 2.91, 95% CI: 1.21 - 7.00). At 12 months, insight (OR 0.70, 95% CI: 0.52 - 0.92) and depression (OR 2.82, 95% CI: 1.26 - 6.50) remained significant. Depression mediated 27.32% of the effect of insight on suicidality at 6 months and 19.76% at 12 months. Despite a general decrease in depressive symptoms, a subset of participants remained persistently depressed. The study highlights the significant mediating role of depression in the relationship between insight and suicidality, with depression emerging as the strongest predictor of suicidality. Early detection and treatment of depression in FEP should be prioritized, and further research should focus on targeted interventions within CSC.
{"title":"Insight and Suicidality in First Episode Psychosis: The Mediating Role of Depression","authors":"Sumeyra N. Tayfur, Zhiqian Song, Fangyong Li, Hadar Hazan, Toni Gibbs-Dean, Deepa Purushothaman, Sneha Karmani, Javier Ponce Terashima, Cenk Tek, Vinod Srihari","doi":"10.1101/2024.07.24.24310927","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.07.24.24310927","url":null,"abstract":"Understanding the relationship between insight, depression, and suicidality in first-episode psychosis (FEP) is crucial for improving clinical outcomes and preventing suicide during early treatment stages. This longitudinal cohort study examined 264 participants enrolled in coordinated specialty care (CSC) services for FEP to investigate how insight and depression at admission impact suicidality at 6 and 12 months, assess depression's mediating role between insight and suicidality, and evaluate the persistence of depression over time. Regression analyses assessed the relationships among these variables, while mediation analyses explored depression's mediating effect. Significant predictors of suicidality at 6 months included insight (OR 0.71, 95% CI: 0.53 - 0.94), depression (OR 5.40, 95% CI: 2.45 - 12.61), and previous suicide attempts (OR 2.91, 95% CI: 1.21 - 7.00). At 12 months, insight (OR 0.70, 95% CI: 0.52 - 0.92) and depression (OR 2.82, 95% CI: 1.26 - 6.50) remained significant. Depression mediated 27.32% of the effect of insight on suicidality at 6 months and 19.76% at 12 months. Despite a general decrease in depressive symptoms, a subset of participants remained persistently depressed. The study highlights the significant mediating role of depression in the relationship between insight and suicidality, with depression emerging as the strongest predictor of suicidality. Early detection and treatment of depression in FEP should be prioritized, and further research should focus on targeted interventions within CSC.","PeriodicalId":501388,"journal":{"name":"medRxiv - Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology","volume":"40 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141778348","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-24DOI: 10.1101/2024.07.23.24310881
Primavera Spagnolo, Jacob Parker, Mark Hallett, Silvina Horovitz
Background: Aberrant interoceptive processing has been hypothesized to contribute to the pathophysiology of functional neurological disorder, although findings have been inconsistent. Here, we utilized functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to examine neural correlates of interoceptive attention, the conscious focus and awareness of bodily sensations, in functional movement disorder (FMD). Methods: We used voxelwise analyses to compare blood oxygenation level-dependent responses between 13 adults with hyperkinetic FMD and 13 healthy controls (HCs) during a task requiring attention to different bodily sensations and to an exteroceptive stimulus. Additionally, we examined between-group differences in self-reported measures of interoception and evaluated their relationship with neural activity. Results: Interoceptive conditions (heartbeat, stomach and body, indicating sensations from the body part or limb affected in FMD participants) activated a network involving the precuneus, the posterior cingulate cortex (PCC) and caudate nucleus (CN) bilaterally, and the right anterior insula (aINS) (p <0.05 , corrected). Group differences in brain activity were mainly driven by processing of disease-related interoceptive signals, which in the FMD group was associated with a broader neural activation than monitoring gastric interoception, while no group differences were detected during cardiac interoception. Differences based on interoceptive focus (body vs heartbeat and stomach) between FMD subjects and HCs were found in PCC, CN, angular gyrus, thalamus, and in the mid-insula (p <0.05, corrected). Conclusions: This is, to our knowledge, the first study showing that FMD is associated with abnormal interoceptive processing in regions involved in monitoring body state, attentional focus, and homeostatic inference
{"title":"Functional Movement Disorder Is Associated with Abnormal Interoceptive Brain Activity: A Task-based Functional MRI Study","authors":"Primavera Spagnolo, Jacob Parker, Mark Hallett, Silvina Horovitz","doi":"10.1101/2024.07.23.24310881","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.07.23.24310881","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Aberrant interoceptive processing has been hypothesized to contribute to the pathophysiology of functional neurological disorder, although findings have been inconsistent. Here, we utilized functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to examine neural correlates of interoceptive attention, the conscious focus and awareness of bodily sensations, in functional movement disorder (FMD).\u0000Methods: We used voxelwise analyses to compare blood oxygenation level-dependent responses between 13 adults with hyperkinetic FMD and 13 healthy controls (HCs) during a task requiring attention to different bodily sensations and to an exteroceptive stimulus. Additionally, we examined between-group differences in self-reported measures of interoception and evaluated their relationship with neural activity.\u0000Results: Interoceptive conditions (heartbeat, stomach and body, indicating sensations from the body part or limb affected in FMD participants) activated a network involving the precuneus, the posterior cingulate cortex (PCC) and caudate nucleus (CN) bilaterally, and the right anterior insula (aINS) (p <0.05 , corrected). Group differences in brain activity were mainly driven by processing of disease-related interoceptive signals, which in the FMD group was associated with a broader neural activation than monitoring gastric interoception, while no group differences were detected during cardiac interoception. Differences based on interoceptive focus (body vs heartbeat and stomach) between FMD subjects and HCs were found in PCC, CN, angular gyrus, thalamus, and in the mid-insula (p <0.05, corrected).\u0000Conclusions: This is, to our knowledge, the first study showing that FMD is associated with abnormal interoceptive processing in regions involved in monitoring body state, attentional focus, and homeostatic inference","PeriodicalId":501388,"journal":{"name":"medRxiv - Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141778207","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-24DOI: 10.1101/2024.07.24.24310699
Cheuk Hei Peony Chung, Antoinette Marie Lee
Perfectionism as a personality trait can be seen as having both adaptive and maladaptive dimensions. Nevertheless, their relationships with psychological distress remain mixed in the current literature. Previous studies were also limited by the use of impure measurements and the failure to statistically control for the effects of the other dimension. By addressing these major limitations and exploring the mediating and moderating roles of self-esteem and self- compassion, the current study provides an in-depth examination of the relationships between bidimensional perfectionism and psychological distress. In a community sample of 503 adults, results supported a bidimensional view of perfectionism, with maladaptive perfectionism positively predicting psychological distress and adaptive perfectionism being unrelated to psychological distress. Self-esteem was found to mediate the relationships between both dimensions of perfectionism and psychological distress. Self-compassion was only found to moderate the relationship between maladaptive perfectionism and self-esteem. Whilst the maladaptive nature of maladaptive perfectionism was supported in this study, findings suggested that adaptive perfectionism remains a more complicated construct. Future studies should aim at clarifying the nature and psychological outcomes of adaptive perfectionism.
{"title":"Bidimensional Perfectionism and Psychological Distress: The Roles of Self-Esteem and Self-Compassion","authors":"Cheuk Hei Peony Chung, Antoinette Marie Lee","doi":"10.1101/2024.07.24.24310699","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.07.24.24310699","url":null,"abstract":"Perfectionism as a personality trait can be seen as having both adaptive and maladaptive dimensions. Nevertheless, their relationships with psychological distress remain mixed in the current literature. Previous studies were also limited by the use of impure measurements and the failure to statistically control for the effects of the other dimension. By addressing these major limitations and exploring the mediating and moderating roles of self-esteem and self- compassion, the current study provides an in-depth examination of the relationships between bidimensional perfectionism and psychological distress. In a community sample of 503 adults, results supported a bidimensional view of perfectionism, with maladaptive perfectionism positively predicting psychological distress and adaptive perfectionism being unrelated to psychological distress. Self-esteem was found to mediate the relationships between both dimensions of perfectionism and psychological distress. Self-compassion was only found to moderate the relationship between maladaptive perfectionism and self-esteem. Whilst the maladaptive nature of maladaptive perfectionism was supported in this study, findings suggested that adaptive perfectionism remains a more complicated construct. Future studies should aim at clarifying the nature and psychological outcomes of adaptive perfectionism.","PeriodicalId":501388,"journal":{"name":"medRxiv - Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology","volume":"411 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141778349","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-24DOI: 10.1101/2024.07.22.24310796
Sinéad Louise Mullally, Alice E Wood, Cherice Chantelle Edwards, Sophie E Connolly, Hannah Constable, Stuart Watson, Jacqui Rodgers, Kieran Rose, Nic King
Autism research rarely amplifies the voices of autistic children. Here, we aim to counter this by collating and sharing the first-hand experiences and insights of autistic children. A total of 136 children (8-14 years of age) self-reported their experiences of being autistic via a semi-structured online questionnaire/video call. Both qualitative and quantitative data was gathered, and inductive thematic analysis used to analyse qualitative responses. Four core themes were identified: 'Safety and Security', 'Conformity, Fitting in and Masking', 'Identity', and 'Sensory Sensitivity'. The initial theme of safety and security permeated the children's narratives and overwhelmingly, the children spoke of the need for them to be alert to who in their lives is a safe person and who is not. They were also highly attuned to whether specific places are safe for them, as past experiences appear to have taught them that their safety in everyday places cannot be assumed. Teachers, health and social care professionals, and neurotypical peers were frequently singled out as unsafe people and school as an unsafe place, whilst parents, home, and autistic peers were often referred to as safe. This distinction was also evident in the statistical analysis of the quantitative data, whereby autistic children were significantly more likely to report that it is okay for them to be autistic at home, relative to when they are at school or with their friends/peers. Judging a person as safe was closely linked to that persons' understanding of the child and of their autistic experiences, and understanding was important in establishing trust. When trust was established, it appeared possible for trusted people to facilitate a sense of safety for the children even within otherwise unsafe places. A sense of belonging within autistic/neurodivergent communities was positively linked to the core theme of safety and security and to having a positive autistic identity, whilst masking and sensory distress were linked to feeling unsafe and insecure. These first-hand accounts provide valuable insights into autistic children's lives and demand that we urgently explore how places outside of the family home (including places of education) can be transformed into safe spaces for autistic children.
{"title":"Autistic voice: Sharing autistic children's experiences and insights","authors":"Sinéad Louise Mullally, Alice E Wood, Cherice Chantelle Edwards, Sophie E Connolly, Hannah Constable, Stuart Watson, Jacqui Rodgers, Kieran Rose, Nic King","doi":"10.1101/2024.07.22.24310796","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.07.22.24310796","url":null,"abstract":"Autism research rarely amplifies the voices of autistic children. Here, we aim to counter this by collating and sharing the first-hand experiences and insights of autistic children. A total of 136 children (8-14 years of age) self-reported their experiences of being autistic via a semi-structured online questionnaire/video call. Both qualitative and quantitative data was gathered, and inductive thematic analysis used to analyse qualitative responses. Four core themes were identified: 'Safety and Security', 'Conformity, Fitting in and Masking', 'Identity', and 'Sensory Sensitivity'. The initial theme of safety and security permeated the children's narratives and overwhelmingly, the children spoke of the need for them to be alert to who in their lives is a safe person and who is not. They were also highly attuned to whether specific places are safe for them, as past experiences appear to have taught them that their safety in everyday places cannot be assumed. Teachers, health and social care professionals, and neurotypical peers were frequently singled out as unsafe people and school as an unsafe place, whilst parents, home, and autistic peers were often referred to as safe. This distinction was also evident in the statistical analysis of the quantitative data, whereby autistic children were significantly more likely to report that it is okay for them to be autistic at home, relative to when they are at school or with their friends/peers. Judging a person as safe was closely linked to that persons' understanding of the child and of their autistic experiences, and understanding was important in establishing trust. When trust was established, it appeared possible for trusted people to facilitate a sense of safety for the children even within otherwise unsafe places. A sense of belonging within autistic/neurodivergent communities was positively linked to the core theme of safety and security and to having a positive autistic identity, whilst masking and sensory distress were linked to feeling unsafe and insecure. These first-hand accounts provide valuable insights into autistic children's lives and demand that we urgently explore how places outside of the family home (including places of education) can be transformed into safe spaces for autistic children.","PeriodicalId":501388,"journal":{"name":"medRxiv - Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology","volume":"57 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141778208","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-22DOI: 10.1101/2024.07.21.24310061
Hongbo Li, Yifu Ji, Lingxiang Xu, Jiaoyun Yang, Yang Du, Min Hu, Ning An
ABSTRACT Introduction Previous studies have established that depressive syndromes can be detected using machine learning methods, with multimodal data being essential. Multimodal data facilitates the extraction of characteristics such as gaze tracking, a reliable depression indicator. Our study employs high-quality video and other multimodal data from patients diagnosed with depression. Our study uses a multimodal data collection system (MDC) to understand the complex indicators of depression. Objective This paper outlines our protocol for deploying a multimodal data collection system within an In-Person Clinical Assessment environment. The system gathers high-definition videos, real-time vital signs, and voice recordings for future extraction of critical information such as eye gaze patterns. We aim to scale our model to provide portable depression risk analyses, facilitating timely intervention and encouraging patients to seek professional assistance. Methods and Analysis We have conducted sessions with 70 participants diagnosed with depression. Each participant undergoes DSM-5 interviews and engages with our multimodal data collection system. Participants respond to five on-screen scales while being recorded. To our knowledge, no other protocol has combined multimodal data collection and various stimuli in depression data collection.
{"title":"Using Multimodal Data Collection System as a Research Tool in the Major Depressive Disorder Analysis: a cross-sectional study protocol","authors":"Hongbo Li, Yifu Ji, Lingxiang Xu, Jiaoyun Yang, Yang Du, Min Hu, Ning An","doi":"10.1101/2024.07.21.24310061","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.07.21.24310061","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Introduction Previous studies have established that depressive syndromes can be detected using machine learning methods, with multimodal data being essential. Multimodal data facilitates the extraction of characteristics such as gaze tracking, a reliable depression indicator. Our study employs high-quality video and other multimodal data from patients diagnosed with depression. Our study uses a multimodal data collection system (MDC) to understand the complex indicators of depression.\u0000Objective This paper outlines our protocol for deploying a multimodal data collection system within an In-Person Clinical Assessment environment. The system gathers high-definition videos, real-time vital signs, and voice recordings for future extraction of critical information such as eye gaze patterns. We aim to scale our model to provide portable depression risk analyses, facilitating timely intervention and encouraging patients to seek professional assistance.\u0000Methods and Analysis We have conducted sessions with 70 participants diagnosed with depression. Each participant undergoes DSM-5 interviews and engages with our multimodal data collection system. Participants respond to five on-screen scales while being recorded. To our knowledge, no other protocol has combined multimodal data collection and various stimuli in depression data collection.","PeriodicalId":501388,"journal":{"name":"medRxiv - Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology","volume":"40 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141778211","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-22DOI: 10.1101/2024.07.21.24310785
NOOR ADNIN BINTI AB AZIZ, Suzaily Wahab, Rosnah binti Sutan, Muhammad Adib Baharom, Siti Azirah binti Asmai, Amirul Danial Azmi
Introduction: Substance use in adolescents poses a complex societal challenge that undermines nation-building and socioeconomic growth. Religiosity refers to a person's religious beliefs, habits, and involvement in religious activities. Family functioning refers to the overall health and operation of a family unit, which includes communication, emotional bonding, support, roles, and behavioral control. Both aspects play a significant impact in determining substance use in adolescents. This study is to assess the correlation between religiosity, and family functioning, and to determine factors associated with substance use among adolescents in secondary schools in high-risk areas. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 312 adolescents from selected secondary schools in substance use hotspot areas in Northern Malaysia. Alcohol, Smoking, and Substance Involvement Screening Tool-Lite (ASSIST-Lite), Family Adaptation and Cohesion Scale version IV (FACES-IV), and Hatta Islamic Religiosity Scale (HIRS) were used as instruments. Results: The prevalence of substance use among adolescents was 9.6%(n=30). Most of the users used a single substance (76.7%; n=23) and only (23.3%; n=7) used multiple substances. The mean age was 14.13 years (SD:0.67), and the majority were Malays (99.0%; n=309) with a background in Muslim religion. Adolescent substance use was significantly associated with gender (16.3% in males and 6.3% in females) and having a recent family history of substance use (16.8%). A negative correlation was found between substance use and family functioning; balanced flexibility (rs=-0.12; P=<0.05), family communication (rs=-0.12; P=<0.05), and family satisfaction (rs=-0.15; P=<0.01). There was a positive correlation between substance use and chaotic family (rs=0.12; P=<0.05). Regression analysis reveals that only male adolescents and a recent family history of substance use were significant predictors of substance use. Family satisfaction was the only significant protective factor. There was no significant association between substance use and religiosity (rs=-0.01; P= 0.83). Conclusions: These findings can assist policymakers, healthcare professionals and schools develop particular interventions to reduce substance use, especially in high-risk communities, and increase adolescents' well-being in general.
{"title":"Correlation between religiosity and family functioning among secondary school students in high-risk residing areas and factors associated with substance use","authors":"NOOR ADNIN BINTI AB AZIZ, Suzaily Wahab, Rosnah binti Sutan, Muhammad Adib Baharom, Siti Azirah binti Asmai, Amirul Danial Azmi","doi":"10.1101/2024.07.21.24310785","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.07.21.24310785","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Substance use in adolescents poses a complex societal challenge that undermines nation-building and socioeconomic growth. Religiosity refers to a person's religious beliefs, habits, and involvement in religious activities. Family functioning refers to the overall health and operation of a family unit, which includes communication, emotional bonding, support, roles, and behavioral control. Both aspects play a significant impact in determining substance use in adolescents. This study is to assess the correlation between religiosity, and family functioning, and to determine factors associated with substance use among adolescents in secondary schools in high-risk areas. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 312 adolescents from selected secondary schools in substance use hotspot areas in Northern Malaysia. Alcohol, Smoking, and Substance Involvement Screening Tool-Lite (ASSIST-Lite), Family Adaptation and Cohesion Scale version IV (FACES-IV), and Hatta Islamic Religiosity Scale (HIRS) were used as instruments. Results: The prevalence of substance use among adolescents was 9.6%(n=30). Most of the users used a single substance (76.7%; n=23) and only (23.3%; n=7) used multiple substances. The mean age was 14.13 years (SD:0.67), and the majority were Malays (99.0%; n=309) with a background in Muslim religion. Adolescent substance use was significantly associated with gender (16.3% in males and 6.3% in females) and having a recent family history of substance use (16.8%). A negative correlation was found between substance use and family functioning; balanced flexibility (rs=-0.12; P=<0.05), family communication (rs=-0.12; P=<0.05), and family satisfaction (rs=-0.15; P=<0.01). There was a positive correlation between substance use and chaotic family (rs=0.12; P=<0.05). Regression analysis reveals that only male adolescents and a recent family history of substance use were significant predictors of substance use. Family satisfaction was the only significant protective factor. There was no significant association between substance use and religiosity (rs=-0.01; P= 0.83). Conclusions: These findings can assist policymakers, healthcare professionals and schools develop particular interventions to reduce substance use, especially in high-risk communities, and increase adolescents' well-being in general.","PeriodicalId":501388,"journal":{"name":"medRxiv - Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology","volume":"63 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141778209","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-22DOI: 10.1101/2024.07.22.24310664
Jacob D King, Aisling McQuaid, Kirsten Barnicot, Paul Basett, Verity C Leeson, Martina Di Simplicio, Peter Tyrer, Helen Tyrer, Richard G Watt, Mike J Crawford
Background: People with severe COVID anxiety have significant fears of contagion, physiological symptoms of anxiety in response to a COVID stimuli, and employ safety behaviours which are often in excess of health guidelines and at the expense of other life priorities. The natural course of severe COVID anxiety is not known. Methods: This prospective cohort study followed 285 people with severe COVID anxiety in United Kingdom over 18-months. Descriptive statistics and linear regression models identified factors associated with change in COVID anxiety. Results: Most participants experienced major reductions in COVID anxiety over time (69.8% relative cohort mean decrease; p<0.001), but a quarter of people (23.7%, 95% CI 17.8 to 30.1) continued to worry about COVID every day. Increasing age, being from an ethnic background which conferred greater risk from COVID-19, and the persistence of high levels of health anxiety and depressive symptoms predicted significantly slower improvements in severe COVID anxiety adjusting for other clinical and demographic factors. Conclusions: For most people severe COVID anxiety significantly improves with time. However established interventions treating depression or health anxiety, and targeting older people and people from at-risk minority groups who appear to recover at slower rates, might be clinically indicated in future pandemics.
{"title":"Trajectory of severe COVID anxiety and predictors for recovery in an 18-month cohort.","authors":"Jacob D King, Aisling McQuaid, Kirsten Barnicot, Paul Basett, Verity C Leeson, Martina Di Simplicio, Peter Tyrer, Helen Tyrer, Richard G Watt, Mike J Crawford","doi":"10.1101/2024.07.22.24310664","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.07.22.24310664","url":null,"abstract":"Background: People with severe COVID anxiety have significant fears of contagion, physiological symptoms of anxiety in response to a COVID stimuli, and employ safety behaviours which are often in excess of health guidelines and at the expense of other life priorities. The natural course of severe COVID anxiety is not known. Methods: This prospective cohort study followed 285 people with severe COVID anxiety in United Kingdom over 18-months. Descriptive statistics and linear regression models identified factors associated with change in COVID anxiety. Results: Most participants experienced major reductions in COVID anxiety over time (69.8% relative cohort mean decrease; p<0.001), but a quarter of people (23.7%, 95% CI 17.8 to 30.1) continued to worry about COVID every day. Increasing age, being from an ethnic background which conferred greater risk from COVID-19, and the persistence of high levels of health anxiety and depressive symptoms predicted significantly slower improvements in severe COVID anxiety adjusting for other clinical and demographic factors. Conclusions: For most people severe COVID anxiety significantly improves with time. However established interventions treating depression or health anxiety, and targeting older people and people from at-risk minority groups who appear to recover at slower rates, might be clinically indicated in future pandemics.","PeriodicalId":501388,"journal":{"name":"medRxiv - Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141778210","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-21DOI: 10.1101/2024.07.21.24310766
Chad Beyer, Chanel Robinson, Dan Stein
ABSTRACT Introduction: Evolutionary psychiatry is a rapidly growing field that emphasizes the value of evolutionary explanations for traits that make individuals vulnerable to mental disorders. Some articles that apply evolutionary theory to psychiatric disorders make errors, such as viewing a disease as if it is an adaptation. We assessed the quantity of errors in the most widely cited articles on evolutionary psychiatry and its relationship to citation frequency Methods: Two reviewers searched PubMed, Web of Science, and Google Scholar on September 8, 2023, using specific search terms related to "evolution" and "psychiatry", in order to find the most highly cited articles in the field. Based on the work of Nesse, we developed a measure for assessing the number of errors and overall quality in evolutionary psychiatry articles. We applied the measure to the 20 most highly cited articles, and calculated the correlations between article quality and number of errors with number of citations. Results: Twenty highly cited articles, with a mean citation count of 758.95 and publication year range from 1964 to 2011, were rated. While the most highly cited articles had good quality on average, they also made important errors. There was no significant correlation of article quality or article errors and citation count. Conclusion: Highly cited articles in evolutionary psychiatry demonstrated strengths but also exhibited weaknesses. The lack of a relationship of quality and error scores with citation rates suggests that other factors influence such citations. Future research should focus on achieving consensus on how best to assess the quality of evolutionary psychiatry articles and on what errors should be avoided.
{"title":"HIGHLY CITED ARTICLES IN EVOLUTIONARY PSYCHIATRY: ASSESSMENT WITH A QUALITY AND ERROR RATING SCALE","authors":"Chad Beyer, Chanel Robinson, Dan Stein","doi":"10.1101/2024.07.21.24310766","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.07.21.24310766","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Introduction: Evolutionary psychiatry is a rapidly growing field that emphasizes the value of evolutionary explanations for traits that make individuals vulnerable to mental disorders. Some articles that apply evolutionary theory to psychiatric disorders make errors, such as viewing a disease as if it is an adaptation. We assessed the quantity of errors in the most widely cited articles on evolutionary psychiatry and its relationship to citation frequency\u0000Methods: Two reviewers searched PubMed, Web of Science, and Google Scholar on September 8, 2023, using specific search terms related to \"evolution\" and \"psychiatry\", in order to find the most highly cited articles in the field. Based on the work of Nesse, we developed a measure for assessing the number of errors and overall quality in evolutionary psychiatry articles. We applied the measure to the 20 most highly cited articles, and calculated the correlations between article quality and number of errors with number of citations. Results: Twenty highly cited articles, with a mean citation count of 758.95 and publication year range from 1964 to 2011, were rated. While the most highly cited articles had good quality on average, they also made important errors. There was no significant correlation of article quality or article errors and citation count.\u0000Conclusion: Highly cited articles in evolutionary psychiatry demonstrated strengths but also exhibited weaknesses. The lack of a relationship of quality and error scores with citation rates suggests that other factors influence such citations. Future research should focus on achieving consensus on how best to assess the quality of evolutionary psychiatry articles and on what errors should be avoided.","PeriodicalId":501388,"journal":{"name":"medRxiv - Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141744474","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-21DOI: 10.1101/2024.07.19.24310543
Zheng Jin, Dandan Bi, Jiaxing Hu, Kaibin Zhao
The evolution of language models, particularly the development of Large Language Models like ChatGPT, has opened new avenues for psychological assessment, potentially revolutionizing the rating scale methods that have been used for over a century. This study introduces a new Automated Assessment Paradigm (AAP), which aims to integrate natural language processing (NLP) techniques with traditional measurement methods. This integration enhances the accuracy and depth of mental health evaluations, while also addressing the acceptance and subjective experience of participants - areas that have not been extensively measured before. A pilot study was conducted with 32 participants, seven of whom were diagnosed with depression by licensed psychiatrists using the Clinical Interview Schedule-Revised (CIS-R). The participants completed the BDI-Fast Screen (BDI-FS) using a custom ChatGPT(GPTs) interface and the Chinese version of the PHQ-9 in a private setting. Following these assessments, participants also completed the Subjective Evaluation Scale. Spearman's correlation analysis showed a high correlation between the total scores of the PHQ-9 and the BSI-FS-GPTs. The agreement of diagnoses between the two measures, as measured by Cohen's kappa, was also significant. BSI-FS-GPTs diagnosis showed significantly higher agreement with the current diagnosis of depression. However, given the limited sample size of the pilot study, the AUC value of 1.00 and a sensitivity of 0.80 at a cutoff of 0.5, with zero false positive rate, likely overstate the classifier's performance. Bayesian factors suggest that participants may feel more comfortable expressing their true feelings and opinions through this method. For ongoing follow-up research, a total sample size of approximately 104 participants, including about 26 diagnosed individuals, may be required to ensure the analysis maintains a necessary power of 0.80 and an alpha level of 0.05. Nonetheless, these findings provide a promising foundation for the ongoing validation of the new AAP in larger-scale studies, aiming to confirm its validity and reliability.
{"title":"Evaluating the Efficacy of AI-Based Interactive Assessments Using Large Language Models for Depression Screening","authors":"Zheng Jin, Dandan Bi, Jiaxing Hu, Kaibin Zhao","doi":"10.1101/2024.07.19.24310543","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.07.19.24310543","url":null,"abstract":"The evolution of language models, particularly the development of Large Language Models like ChatGPT, has opened new avenues for psychological assessment, potentially revolutionizing the rating scale methods that have been used for over a century. This study introduces a new Automated Assessment Paradigm (AAP), which aims to integrate natural language processing (NLP) techniques with traditional measurement methods. This integration enhances the accuracy and depth of mental health evaluations, while also addressing the acceptance and subjective experience of participants - areas that have not been extensively measured before. A pilot study was conducted with 32 participants, seven of whom were diagnosed with depression by licensed psychiatrists using the Clinical Interview Schedule-Revised (CIS-R). The participants completed the BDI-Fast Screen (BDI-FS) using a custom ChatGPT(GPTs) interface and the Chinese version of the PHQ-9 in a private setting. Following these assessments, participants also completed the Subjective Evaluation Scale. Spearman's correlation analysis showed a high correlation between the total scores of the PHQ-9 and the BSI-FS-GPTs. The agreement of diagnoses between the two measures, as measured by Cohen's kappa, was also significant. BSI-FS-GPTs diagnosis showed significantly higher agreement with the current diagnosis of depression. However, given the limited sample size of the pilot study, the AUC value of 1.00 and a sensitivity of 0.80 at a cutoff of 0.5, with zero false positive rate, likely overstate the classifier's performance. Bayesian factors suggest that participants may feel more comfortable expressing their true feelings and opinions through this method. For ongoing follow-up research, a total sample size of approximately 104 participants, including about 26 diagnosed individuals, may be required to ensure the analysis maintains a necessary power of 0.80 and an alpha level of 0.05. Nonetheless, these findings provide a promising foundation for the ongoing validation of the new AAP in larger-scale studies, aiming to confirm its validity and reliability.","PeriodicalId":501388,"journal":{"name":"medRxiv - Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology","volume":"53 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141744473","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}