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Assessing the effectiveness of multi-session online emotion recognition training in autistic adults 评估自闭症成人多疗程在线情绪识别训练的效果
Pub Date : 2024-07-24 DOI: 10.1101/2024.07.23.24310558
Zoe E Reed, Oliver Bastiani, Andy Eastwood, Ian S Penton-Voak, Christopher Jarrold, Marcus R Munafo, Angela S Attwood
Purpose: Difficulties with emotion recognition can occur in neurodevelopmental conditions, including in autistic individuals. Providing interventions to support this would therefore be beneficial, particularly in terms of downstream effects on wellbeing, social relationships and education. Methods: In this online experimental study, we examined the effect of a recently developed facial emotion recognition training task versus a sham/control task in an adult population identifying as autistic over four sessions in a 2-week period, with a fifth follow-up session (N=184). Results: Our main analyses showed that facial emotion recognition accuracy was greater in Session 4 in the active group, with an estimated improvement of 14% (equivalent to approximately 7 additional correct responses), compared to 2% (equivalent to approximately 1 additional correct responses) in the sham group. Additional analyses suggested training effects were generalisable to facial stimuli that participants had not been trained on and were still present, although attenuated, two weeks later. We also observed some self-reported improvements in social interactions post-training. Conclusion: Overall, this study demonstrated improved emotion recognition in an adult autistic sample with this training task. Future work is needed to investigate the effect of this emotion recognition training on emotion recognition accuracy in autistic children, where support could be most beneficial.
目的:包括自闭症患者在内的神经发育障碍患者可能会出现情绪识别困难。因此,提供干预措施以支持这种情况将是有益的,尤其是在对福祉、社会关系和教育的下游影响方面。研究方法在这项在线实验研究中,我们对最近开发的面部情绪识别训练任务与假/对照任务的效果进行了对比研究,研究对象是自闭症成人,在为期两周的时间内进行了四次训练,并进行了第五次随访(N=184)。结果显示我们的主要分析表明,在第 4 次训练中,积极训练组的面部情绪识别准确率更高,估计提高了 14%(相当于增加了约 7 个正确反应),而虚假训练组仅提高了 2%(相当于增加了约 1 个正确反应)。其他分析表明,训练效果可以推广到参与者未接受过训练的面部刺激上,并且在两周后仍然存在,尽管有所减弱。我们还观察到一些自我报告的训练后社交互动的改善情况。结论总的来说,这项研究表明,通过这项训练任务,成年自闭症样本的情绪识别能力有所提高。今后的工作需要研究这种情绪识别训练对自闭症儿童情绪识别准确性的影响,因为对自闭症儿童的支持可能最有益。
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引用次数: 0
Insight and Suicidality in First Episode Psychosis: The Mediating Role of Depression 首发精神病患者的洞察力和自杀倾向:抑郁的中介作用
Pub Date : 2024-07-24 DOI: 10.1101/2024.07.24.24310927
Sumeyra N. Tayfur, Zhiqian Song, Fangyong Li, Hadar Hazan, Toni Gibbs-Dean, Deepa Purushothaman, Sneha Karmani, Javier Ponce Terashima, Cenk Tek, Vinod Srihari
Understanding the relationship between insight, depression, and suicidality in first-episode psychosis (FEP) is crucial for improving clinical outcomes and preventing suicide during early treatment stages. This longitudinal cohort study examined 264 participants enrolled in coordinated specialty care (CSC) services for FEP to investigate how insight and depression at admission impact suicidality at 6 and 12 months, assess depression's mediating role between insight and suicidality, and evaluate the persistence of depression over time. Regression analyses assessed the relationships among these variables, while mediation analyses explored depression's mediating effect. Significant predictors of suicidality at 6 months included insight (OR 0.71, 95% CI: 0.53 - 0.94), depression (OR 5.40, 95% CI: 2.45 - 12.61), and previous suicide attempts (OR 2.91, 95% CI: 1.21 - 7.00). At 12 months, insight (OR 0.70, 95% CI: 0.52 - 0.92) and depression (OR 2.82, 95% CI: 1.26 - 6.50) remained significant. Depression mediated 27.32% of the effect of insight on suicidality at 6 months and 19.76% at 12 months. Despite a general decrease in depressive symptoms, a subset of participants remained persistently depressed. The study highlights the significant mediating role of depression in the relationship between insight and suicidality, with depression emerging as the strongest predictor of suicidality. Early detection and treatment of depression in FEP should be prioritized, and further research should focus on targeted interventions within CSC.
了解首发精神病(FEP)患者的洞察力、抑郁和自杀之间的关系对于改善临床疗效和在早期治疗阶段预防自杀至关重要。这项纵向队列研究调查了264名接受协调专科护理(CSC)服务的FEP患者,以研究入院时的洞察力和抑郁如何影响6个月和12个月后的自杀率,评估抑郁在洞察力和自杀率之间的中介作用,并评估抑郁随时间推移的持续性。回归分析评估了这些变量之间的关系,而中介分析则探讨了抑郁的中介效应。6个月时,自杀倾向的重要预测因素包括洞察力(OR 0.71,95% CI:0.53 - 0.94)、抑郁(OR 5.40,95% CI:2.45 - 12.61)和既往自杀未遂(OR 2.91,95% CI:1.21 - 7.00)。12 个月后,洞察力(OR 0.70,95% CI:0.52 - 0.92)和抑郁(OR 2.82,95% CI:1.26 - 6.50)仍然显著。6个月时,抑郁介导了27.32%的洞察力对自杀倾向的影响,12个月时介导了19.76%的洞察力对自杀倾向的影响。尽管抑郁症状普遍减轻,但仍有一部分参与者持续抑郁。这项研究强调了抑郁症在洞察力与自杀率之间的关系中起到了重要的中介作用,抑郁症是自杀率的最强预测因素。应优先考虑早期发现和治疗 FEP 中的抑郁症,进一步的研究应侧重于 CSC 中的针对性干预。
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引用次数: 0
Functional Movement Disorder Is Associated with Abnormal Interoceptive Brain Activity: A Task-based Functional MRI Study 功能性运动障碍与大脑感知间活动异常有关:基于任务的功能磁共振成像研究
Pub Date : 2024-07-24 DOI: 10.1101/2024.07.23.24310881
Primavera Spagnolo, Jacob Parker, Mark Hallett, Silvina Horovitz
Background: Aberrant interoceptive processing has been hypothesized to contribute to the pathophysiology of functional neurological disorder, although findings have been inconsistent. Here, we utilized functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to examine neural correlates of interoceptive attention, the conscious focus and awareness of bodily sensations, in functional movement disorder (FMD).Methods: We used voxelwise analyses to compare blood oxygenation level-dependent responses between 13 adults with hyperkinetic FMD and 13 healthy controls (HCs) during a task requiring attention to different bodily sensations and to an exteroceptive stimulus. Additionally, we examined between-group differences in self-reported measures of interoception and evaluated their relationship with neural activity.Results: Interoceptive conditions (heartbeat, stomach and body, indicating sensations from the body part or limb affected in FMD participants) activated a network involving the precuneus, the posterior cingulate cortex (PCC) and caudate nucleus (CN) bilaterally, and the right anterior insula (aINS) (p <0.05 , corrected). Group differences in brain activity were mainly driven by processing of disease-related interoceptive signals, which in the FMD group was associated with a broader neural activation than monitoring gastric interoception, while no group differences were detected during cardiac interoception. Differences based on interoceptive focus (body vs heartbeat and stomach) between FMD subjects and HCs were found in PCC, CN, angular gyrus, thalamus, and in the mid-insula (p <0.05, corrected).Conclusions: This is, to our knowledge, the first study showing that FMD is associated with abnormal interoceptive processing in regions involved in monitoring body state, attentional focus, and homeostatic inference
背景:尽管研究结果并不一致,但人们一直在假设紊乱的内感觉处理会导致功能性神经障碍的病理生理学。在此,我们利用功能性磁共振成像(fMRI)研究了功能性运动障碍(FMD)中的感知间注意(对身体感觉的有意识关注和意识)的神经相关性:在一项要求注意不同身体感觉和外部感觉刺激的任务中,我们使用体素分析比较了 13 名患有过度运动障碍的成人和 13 名健康对照者(HCs)的血氧水平依赖性反应。此外,我们还研究了自我报告的内感知测量的组间差异,并评估了它们与神经活动的关系:互感条件(心跳、胃部和身体,表示 FMD 参与者受影响的身体部位或肢体的感觉)激活了一个涉及楔前叶、双侧扣带回后皮层 (PCC) 和尾状核 (CN) 以及右侧前脑岛 (aINS) 的网络(p <0.05 ,校正)。大脑活动的组间差异主要是由处理与疾病相关的感知间信号引起的,在 FMD 组中,与监测胃感知间信号相比,胃感知间信号与更广泛的神经激活相关,而在心脏感知间信号中未发现组间差异。FMD受试者和HC受试者之间基于互感焦点(身体与心跳和胃)的差异出现在PCC、CN、角回、丘脑和中半岛(p <0.05,校正):据我们所知,这是第一项研究表明 FMD 与涉及身体状态监测、注意力集中和平衡推理的区域的感知处理异常有关。
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引用次数: 0
Bidimensional Perfectionism and Psychological Distress: The Roles of Self-Esteem and Self-Compassion 双维完美主义与心理困扰:自尊和自怜的作用
Pub Date : 2024-07-24 DOI: 10.1101/2024.07.24.24310699
Cheuk Hei Peony Chung, Antoinette Marie Lee
Perfectionism as a personality trait can be seen as having both adaptive and maladaptive dimensions. Nevertheless, their relationships with psychological distress remain mixed in the current literature. Previous studies were also limited by the use of impure measurements and the failure to statistically control for the effects of the other dimension. By addressing these major limitations and exploring the mediating and moderating roles of self-esteem and self- compassion, the current study provides an in-depth examination of the relationships between bidimensional perfectionism and psychological distress. In a community sample of 503 adults, results supported a bidimensional view of perfectionism, with maladaptive perfectionism positively predicting psychological distress and adaptive perfectionism being unrelated to psychological distress. Self-esteem was found to mediate the relationships between both dimensions of perfectionism and psychological distress. Self-compassion was only found to moderate the relationship between maladaptive perfectionism and self-esteem. Whilst the maladaptive nature of maladaptive perfectionism was supported in this study, findings suggested that adaptive perfectionism remains a more complicated construct. Future studies should aim at clarifying the nature and psychological outcomes of adaptive perfectionism.
完美主义作为一种人格特质,可以被视为具有适应性和不适应性两个方面。然而,在目前的文献中,它们与心理困扰之间的关系仍然参差不齐。以往的研究也因使用不纯粹的测量方法和未能从统计学角度控制另一维度的影响而受到限制。通过解决这些主要的局限性,并探索自尊和自怜的中介和调节作用,本研究深入探讨了双维度完美主义与心理困扰之间的关系。在一个由 503 名成年人组成的社区样本中,研究结果支持完美主义的双维观点,即适应不良的完美主义可积极预测心理困扰,而适应良好的完美主义则与心理困扰无关。研究发现,自尊是完美主义的两个维度与心理困扰之间关系的中介。研究发现,自怜只能调节适应性完美主义与自尊之间的关系。虽然适应不良型完美主义的不良性质在本研究中得到了支持,但研究结果表明,适应不良型完美主义仍然是一个更为复杂的结构。未来的研究应旨在阐明适应性完美主义的性质和心理结果。
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引用次数: 0
Autistic voice: Sharing autistic children's experiences and insights 自闭症之声:分享自闭症儿童的经历和见解
Pub Date : 2024-07-24 DOI: 10.1101/2024.07.22.24310796
Sinéad Louise Mullally, Alice E Wood, Cherice Chantelle Edwards, Sophie E Connolly, Hannah Constable, Stuart Watson, Jacqui Rodgers, Kieran Rose, Nic King
Autism research rarely amplifies the voices of autistic children. Here, we aim to counter this by collating and sharing the first-hand experiences and insights of autistic children. A total of 136 children (8-14 years of age) self-reported their experiences of being autistic via a semi-structured online questionnaire/video call. Both qualitative and quantitative data was gathered, and inductive thematic analysis used to analyse qualitative responses. Four core themes were identified: 'Safety and Security', 'Conformity, Fitting in and Masking', 'Identity', and 'Sensory Sensitivity'. The initial theme of safety and security permeated the children's narratives and overwhelmingly, the children spoke of the need for them to be alert to who in their lives is a safe person and who is not. They were also highly attuned to whether specific places are safe for them, as past experiences appear to have taught them that their safety in everyday places cannot be assumed. Teachers, health and social care professionals, and neurotypical peers were frequently singled out as unsafe people and school as an unsafe place, whilst parents, home, and autistic peers were often referred to as safe. This distinction was also evident in the statistical analysis of the quantitative data, whereby autistic children were significantly more likely to report that it is okay for them to be autistic at home, relative to when they are at school or with their friends/peers. Judging a person as safe was closely linked to that persons' understanding of the child and of their autistic experiences, and understanding was important in establishing trust. When trust was established, it appeared possible for trusted people to facilitate a sense of safety for the children even within otherwise unsafe places. A sense of belonging within autistic/neurodivergent communities was positively linked to the core theme of safety and security and to having a positive autistic identity, whilst masking and sensory distress were linked to feeling unsafe and insecure. These first-hand accounts provide valuable insights into autistic children's lives and demand that we urgently explore how places outside of the family home (including places of education) can be transformed into safe spaces for autistic children.
自闭症研究很少放大自闭症儿童的声音。在此,我们旨在通过整理和分享自闭症儿童的第一手经验和见解来解决这一问题。共有 136 名儿童(8-14 岁)通过半结构化在线问卷/视频通话的方式自我报告了他们的自闭症经历。我们收集了定性和定量数据,并使用归纳式主题分析法对定性回答进行分析。确定了四个核心主题:安全和保障"、"顺应、融入和掩饰"、"身份 "和 "感官敏感"。最初的主题 "安全和保障 "贯穿于儿童的叙述中,绝大多数儿童都谈到,他们需要警惕 生活中哪些人是安全的,哪些人是不安全的。他们还高度关注特定场所对他们来说是否安全,因为过去的经历似乎告诉他们,不能假定他们在日常场所的安全。教师、医疗和社会护理专业人员以及神经正常的同龄人经常被指为不安全的人,学校是不安全的地方,而父母、家庭和自闭症同龄人则经常被指为安全的地方。这种区别在定量数据的统计分析中也很明显,自闭症儿童更倾向于表示,相对于在学校或与朋友/同伴在一起时,他们在家里是可以做自闭症患者的。判断一个人是否安全,与这个人对儿童及其自闭症经历的理解密切相关,而理解对于建立信任非常重要。一旦建立了信任,即使在不安全的地方,受信任的人似乎也能为儿童带来安全感。在自闭症/神经发育异常群体中的归属感与安全和保障的核心主题以及积极的自闭症身份认同有着积极的联系,而掩饰和感官困扰则与不安全和无保障感有关。这些第一手资料为我们了解自闭症儿童的生活提供了宝贵的视角,并要求我们立即探索如何将家庭以外的场所(包括教育场所)转变为自闭症儿童的安全空间。
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引用次数: 0
Using Multimodal Data Collection System as a Research Tool in the Major Depressive Disorder Analysis: a cross-sectional study protocol 在重度抑郁障碍分析中使用多模式数据收集系统作为研究工具:横断面研究方案
Pub Date : 2024-07-22 DOI: 10.1101/2024.07.21.24310061
Hongbo Li, Yifu Ji, Lingxiang Xu, Jiaoyun Yang, Yang Du, Min Hu, Ning An
ABSTRACT Introduction Previous studies have established that depressive syndromes can be detected using machine learning methods, with multimodal data being essential. Multimodal data facilitates the extraction of characteristics such as gaze tracking, a reliable depression indicator. Our study employs high-quality video and other multimodal data from patients diagnosed with depression. Our study uses a multimodal data collection system (MDC) to understand the complex indicators of depression.Objective This paper outlines our protocol for deploying a multimodal data collection system within an In-Person Clinical Assessment environment. The system gathers high-definition videos, real-time vital signs, and voice recordings for future extraction of critical information such as eye gaze patterns. We aim to scale our model to provide portable depression risk analyses, facilitating timely intervention and encouraging patients to seek professional assistance.Methods and Analysis We have conducted sessions with 70 participants diagnosed with depression. Each participant undergoes DSM-5 interviews and engages with our multimodal data collection system. Participants respond to five on-screen scales while being recorded. To our knowledge, no other protocol has combined multimodal data collection and various stimuli in depression data collection.
ABSTRACT 引言 以前的研究已经证实,抑郁综合征可以通过机器学习方法检测出来,而多模态数据是必不可少的。多模态数据有助于提取凝视跟踪等特征,而凝视跟踪是一种可靠的抑郁指标。我们的研究采用了确诊为抑郁症患者的高质量视频和其他多模态数据。本文概述了我们在亲自临床评估环境中部署多模态数据收集系统的方案。该系统收集高清视频、实时生命体征和语音记录,以便将来提取眼球注视模式等关键信息。我们的目标是扩大我们的模型,提供便携式抑郁风险分析,促进及时干预,鼓励患者寻求专业帮助。每位参与者都接受了 DSM-5 访谈,并使用了我们的多模态数据收集系统。参与者对屏幕上的五个量表做出反应,同时进行记录。据我们所知,在抑郁症数据收集方面,还没有其他方案将多模态数据收集和各种刺激结合起来。
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引用次数: 0
Correlation between religiosity and family functioning among secondary school students in high-risk residing areas and factors associated with substance use 高风险居住区中学生宗教信仰与家庭功能之间的相关性以及与药物使用相关的因素
Pub Date : 2024-07-22 DOI: 10.1101/2024.07.21.24310785
NOOR ADNIN BINTI AB AZIZ, Suzaily Wahab, Rosnah binti Sutan, Muhammad Adib Baharom, Siti Azirah binti Asmai, Amirul Danial Azmi
Introduction: Substance use in adolescents poses a complex societal challenge that undermines nation-building and socioeconomic growth. Religiosity refers to a person's religious beliefs, habits, and involvement in religious activities. Family functioning refers to the overall health and operation of a family unit, which includes communication, emotional bonding, support, roles, and behavioral control. Both aspects play a significant impact in determining substance use in adolescents. This study is to assess the correlation between religiosity, and family functioning, and to determine factors associated with substance use among adolescents in secondary schools in high-risk areas. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 312 adolescents from selected secondary schools in substance use hotspot areas in Northern Malaysia. Alcohol, Smoking, and Substance Involvement Screening Tool-Lite (ASSIST-Lite), Family Adaptation and Cohesion Scale version IV (FACES-IV), and Hatta Islamic Religiosity Scale (HIRS) were used as instruments. Results: The prevalence of substance use among adolescents was 9.6%(n=30). Most of the users used a single substance (76.7%; n=23) and only (23.3%; n=7) used multiple substances. The mean age was 14.13 years (SD:0.67), and the majority were Malays (99.0%; n=309) with a background in Muslim religion. Adolescent substance use was significantly associated with gender (16.3% in males and 6.3% in females) and having a recent family history of substance use (16.8%). A negative correlation was found between substance use and family functioning; balanced flexibility (rs=-0.12; P=<0.05), family communication (rs=-0.12; P=<0.05), and family satisfaction (rs=-0.15; P=<0.01). There was a positive correlation between substance use and chaotic family (rs=0.12; P=<0.05). Regression analysis reveals that only male adolescents and a recent family history of substance use were significant predictors of substance use. Family satisfaction was the only significant protective factor. There was no significant association between substance use and religiosity (rs=-0.01; P= 0.83). Conclusions: These findings can assist policymakers, healthcare professionals and schools develop particular interventions to reduce substance use, especially in high-risk communities, and increase adolescents' well-being in general.
导言:青少年使用药物是一项复杂的社会挑战,有损于国家建设和社会经济发展。宗教信仰指一个人的宗教信仰、习惯和参与宗教活动的情况。家庭功能是指家庭单位的整体健康和运作,包括沟通、情感联结、支持、角色和行为控制。这两方面对青少年使用药物都有重要影响。本研究旨在评估宗教信仰与家庭功能之间的相关性,并确定与高风险地区中学青少年使用药物相关的因素。研究方法本研究对马来西亚北部药物使用热点地区部分中学的 312 名青少年进行了横断面研究。使用的工具包括酒精、吸烟和药物参与筛查工具(ASSIST-Lite)、家庭适应和凝聚力量表第四版(FACES-IV)以及哈达伊斯兰宗教信仰量表(HIRS)。结果显示青少年使用药物的比例为 9.6%(30 人)。大多数使用者使用单一药物(76.7%;人数=23),只有(23.3%;人数=7)使用多种药物。平均年龄为 14.13 岁(标准差:0.67),大多数为马来人(99.0%;人数=309),有穆斯林宗教背景。青少年药物滥用与性别(16.3% 的男性和 6.3% 的女性)和近期有药物滥用家族史(16.8%)明显相关。研究发现,药物使用与家庭功能、平衡灵活性(rs=-0.12;P=<0.05)、家庭沟通(rs=-0.12;P=<0.05)和家庭满意度(rs=-0.15;P=<0.01)之间存在负相关。药物使用与混乱家庭之间存在正相关(rs=0.12;P=<0.05)。回归分析表明,只有男性青少年和最近的药物使用家庭史是药物使用的重要预测因素。家庭满意度是唯一重要的保护因素。药物使用与宗教信仰之间没有明显关联(rs=-0.01;P= 0.83)。结论:这些发现有助于政策制定者、医疗保健专业人员和学校制定特定的干预措施,以减少药物使用(尤其是在高风险社区),并从总体上提高青少年的幸福感。
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引用次数: 0
Trajectory of severe COVID anxiety and predictors for recovery in an 18-month cohort. 严重 COVID 焦虑症的轨迹和 18 个月队列中的康复预测因素。
Pub Date : 2024-07-22 DOI: 10.1101/2024.07.22.24310664
Jacob D King, Aisling McQuaid, Kirsten Barnicot, Paul Basett, Verity C Leeson, Martina Di Simplicio, Peter Tyrer, Helen Tyrer, Richard G Watt, Mike J Crawford
Background: People with severe COVID anxiety have significant fears of contagion, physiological symptoms of anxiety in response to a COVID stimuli, and employ safety behaviours which are often in excess of health guidelines and at the expense of other life priorities. The natural course of severe COVID anxiety is not known. Methods: This prospective cohort study followed 285 people with severe COVID anxiety in United Kingdom over 18-months. Descriptive statistics and linear regression models identified factors associated with change in COVID anxiety. Results: Most participants experienced major reductions in COVID anxiety over time (69.8% relative cohort mean decrease; p<0.001), but a quarter of people (23.7%, 95% CI 17.8 to 30.1) continued to worry about COVID every day. Increasing age, being from an ethnic background which conferred greater risk from COVID-19, and the persistence of high levels of health anxiety and depressive symptoms predicted significantly slower improvements in severe COVID anxiety adjusting for other clinical and demographic factors. Conclusions: For most people severe COVID anxiety significantly improves with time. However established interventions treating depression or health anxiety, and targeting older people and people from at-risk minority groups who appear to recover at slower rates, might be clinically indicated in future pandemics.
背景:患有严重 COVID 焦虑症的人非常害怕传染,在受到 COVID 刺激时会出现焦虑的生理症状,并会采取安全措施,而这些措施往往超出了健康指南的要求,并以牺牲其他生活优先事项为代价。严重 COVID 焦虑症的自然病程尚不清楚。研究方法这项前瞻性队列研究对英国的 285 名严重 COVID 焦虑症患者进行了为期 18 个月的跟踪调查。通过描述性统计和线性回归模型确定了与 COVID 焦虑变化相关的因素。研究结果随着时间的推移,大多数参与者的 COVID 焦虑症都有显著减轻(69.8% 的相对队列平均降幅;p<0.001),但仍有四分之一的人(23.7%,95% CI 17.8 至 30.1)每天都在担心 COVID。年龄的增长、种族背景的增加会增加 COVID-19 的风险,以及高水平健康焦虑和抑郁症状的持续存在,都预示着在调整其他临床和人口学因素后,严重 COVID 焦虑症的改善速度会明显减慢。结论对于大多数人来说,严重 COVID 焦虑症会随着时间的推移而得到明显改善。然而,治疗抑郁或健康焦虑的既定干预措施,以及针对老年人和高危少数群体的干预措施可能适用于未来的大流行。
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引用次数: 0
HIGHLY CITED ARTICLES IN EVOLUTIONARY PSYCHIATRY: ASSESSMENT WITH A QUALITY AND ERROR RATING SCALE 进化精神病学的高引用率文章:用质量和错误评级表进行评估
Pub Date : 2024-07-21 DOI: 10.1101/2024.07.21.24310766
Chad Beyer, Chanel Robinson, Dan Stein
ABSTRACT Introduction: Evolutionary psychiatry is a rapidly growing field that emphasizes the value of evolutionary explanations for traits that make individuals vulnerable to mental disorders. Some articles that apply evolutionary theory to psychiatric disorders make errors, such as viewing a disease as if it is an adaptation. We assessed the quantity of errors in the most widely cited articles on evolutionary psychiatry and its relationship to citation frequencyMethods: Two reviewers searched PubMed, Web of Science, and Google Scholar on September 8, 2023, using specific search terms related to "evolution" and "psychiatry", in order to find the most highly cited articles in the field. Based on the work of Nesse, we developed a measure for assessing the number of errors and overall quality in evolutionary psychiatry articles. We applied the measure to the 20 most highly cited articles, and calculated the correlations between article quality and number of errors with number of citations. Results: Twenty highly cited articles, with a mean citation count of 758.95 and publication year range from 1964 to 2011, were rated. While the most highly cited articles had good quality on average, they also made important errors. There was no significant correlation of article quality or article errors and citation count.Conclusion: Highly cited articles in evolutionary psychiatry demonstrated strengths but also exhibited weaknesses. The lack of a relationship of quality and error scores with citation rates suggests that other factors influence such citations. Future research should focus on achieving consensus on how best to assess the quality of evolutionary psychiatry articles and on what errors should be avoided.
摘要 导言:进化精神病学是一个迅速发展的领域,它强调进化理论对导致个人易患精神疾病的特质的解释价值。一些将进化理论应用于精神疾病的文章存在错误,例如将疾病视为一种适应。我们评估了被广泛引用的进化精神病学文章中的错误数量及其与引用频率的关系:两位审稿人于2023年9月8日使用与 "进化 "和 "精神病学 "相关的特定检索词对PubMed、Web of Science和Google Scholar进行了检索,以找到该领域引用率最高的文章。根据 Nesse 的研究成果,我们开发了一种评估进化精神病学文章错误数量和整体质量的方法。我们对引用率最高的 20 篇文章采用了这一方法,并计算了文章质量和错误数量与引用次数之间的相关性。结果:20 篇高被引文章的平均引用次数为 758.95 次,发表年份从 1964 年到 2011 年不等。虽然被引用次数最多的文章平均质量较高,但它们也存在重要错误。文章质量或文章错误与引用次数没有明显的相关性:结论:进化精神病学中的高引用率文章表现出了优势,但也有不足之处。文章质量和错误评分与引用率之间缺乏关系,这表明影响引用率的还有其他因素。未来的研究应侧重于就如何最好地评估进化精神病学文章的质量以及应避免哪些错误达成共识。
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引用次数: 0
Evaluating the Efficacy of AI-Based Interactive Assessments Using Large Language Models for Depression Screening 利用大型语言模型评估基于人工智能的互动评估在抑郁症筛查中的功效
Pub Date : 2024-07-21 DOI: 10.1101/2024.07.19.24310543
Zheng Jin, Dandan Bi, Jiaxing Hu, Kaibin Zhao
The evolution of language models, particularly the development of Large Language Models like ChatGPT, has opened new avenues for psychological assessment, potentially revolutionizing the rating scale methods that have been used for over a century. This study introduces a new Automated Assessment Paradigm (AAP), which aims to integrate natural language processing (NLP) techniques with traditional measurement methods. This integration enhances the accuracy and depth of mental health evaluations, while also addressing the acceptance and subjective experience of participants - areas that have not been extensively measured before. A pilot study was conducted with 32 participants, seven of whom were diagnosed with depression by licensed psychiatrists using the Clinical Interview Schedule-Revised (CIS-R). The participants completed the BDI-Fast Screen (BDI-FS) using a custom ChatGPT(GPTs) interface and the Chinese version of the PHQ-9 in a private setting. Following these assessments, participants also completed the Subjective Evaluation Scale. Spearman's correlation analysis showed a high correlation between the total scores of the PHQ-9 and the BSI-FS-GPTs. The agreement of diagnoses between the two measures, as measured by Cohen's kappa, was also significant. BSI-FS-GPTs diagnosis showed significantly higher agreement with the current diagnosis of depression. However, given the limited sample size of the pilot study, the AUC value of 1.00 and a sensitivity of 0.80 at a cutoff of 0.5, with zero false positive rate, likely overstate the classifier's performance. Bayesian factors suggest that participants may feel more comfortable expressing their true feelings and opinions through this method. For ongoing follow-up research, a total sample size of approximately 104 participants, including about 26 diagnosed individuals, may be required to ensure the analysis maintains a necessary power of 0.80 and an alpha level of 0.05. Nonetheless, these findings provide a promising foundation for the ongoing validation of the new AAP in larger-scale studies, aiming to confirm its validity and reliability.
语言模型的发展,特别是像 ChatGPT 这样的大型语言模型的开发,为心理评估开辟了新的途径,有可能彻底改变一个多世纪以来一直使用的评分量表方法。本研究引入了一种新的自动评估范式(AAP),旨在将自然语言处理(NLP)技术与传统测量方法相结合。这种整合提高了心理健康评估的准确性和深度,同时也解决了参与者的接受程度和主观体验问题--这些方面以前都没有被广泛测量过。我们对 32 名参与者进行了试点研究,其中 7 人由执业精神科医生使用《临床访谈表-修订版》(CIS-R)诊断为抑郁症。参与者使用定制的 ChatGPT(GPTs)界面完成了 BDI-快速筛查(BDI-FS),并在私人环境中完成了 PHQ-9 的中文版。在这些评估之后,参与者还完成了主观评价量表。斯皮尔曼相关分析表明,PHQ-9 和 BSI-FS-GPTs 的总分之间存在高度相关性。根据科恩卡帕(Cohen's kappa)的测量,这两项测量的诊断结果之间的一致性也非常显著。BSI-FS-GPTs 诊断与当前抑郁症诊断的一致性明显更高。然而,由于试点研究的样本量有限,在 0.5 临界值和零假阳性率的情况下,AUC 值为 1.00,灵敏度为 0.80,很可能夸大了分类器的性能。贝叶斯因素表明,通过这种方法,参与者可能会更愿意表达自己的真实感受和意见。对于正在进行的后续研究,可能需要约 104 名参与者(包括约 26 名确诊者)的样本量,以确保分析保持必要的 0.80 功率和 0.05 的阿尔法水平。尽管如此,这些研究结果为在更大规模的研究中不断验证新的 AAP 提供了一个良好的基础,旨在确认其有效性和可靠性。
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引用次数: 0
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medRxiv - Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology
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