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Resting State Cortical Network and Subcortical Hyperconnectivity in Youth With Generalized Anxiety Disorder in the ABCD Study ABCD 研究中广泛性焦虑症青少年的静息状态皮层网络和皮层下超连接性
Pub Date : 2024-09-08 DOI: 10.1101/2024.09.07.24313237
Sam A Sievertsen, Jinhan Zhu, Angela Fang, Jennifer K Forsyth
IntroductionGeneralized anxiety disorder (GAD) frequently emerges during childhood or adolescence, yet, few studies have examined functional connectivity differences in youth GAD. Functional MRI studies of adult GAD have implicated multiple brain regions; however, frequent examination of individual brain seed regions and/or networks has limited a holistic view of GAD-associated differences. The current study therefore used resting-state fMRI data from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development study to investigate connectivity in youth with GAD across multiple cortical networks and subcortical regions implicated in adult GAD, considering diagnosis changes across two assessment periods. MethodsWithin- and between-network connectivity in 164 GAD youth and 3158 healthy controls for 6 cortical networks and 6 subcortical regions was assessed using linear mixed effect models. Changes in GAD-associated connectivity between baseline and 2-year follow-up were then compared for subjects with: continuous GAD, GAD at baseline and not follow-up (GAD-remitters), GAD at follow-up and not baseline (GAD-converters), and controls. Associations between GAD-associated connectivity metrics and Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) symptom severity were assessed using mixed effects models. ResultsGAD youth showed greater within-ventral attention network (VAN) connectivity, and hyperconnectivity between the amygdala and cingulo-opercular network, and between striatal regions and the cingulo-opercular, default mode, and salience networks (FDR p<0.05). Within-VAN connectivity decreased for GAD-remitters between baseline and follow-up. Connectivity was not associated with symptom severity. DiscussionResults indicate that GAD in childhood and adolescence is associated with altered subcortical to cortical network connectivity affecting multiple networks, and that within-VAN hyperconnectivity, in particular, is associated with clinically-significant GAD symptoms.
导言:广泛性焦虑症(GAD)常常出现在儿童或青少年时期,但很少有研究对青少年 GAD 的功能连接差异进行研究。对成人 GAD 的功能磁共振成像研究涉及多个脑区;然而,对单个脑种子区域和/或网络的频繁检查限制了对 GAD 相关差异的整体观察。因此,本研究利用青少年大脑认知发展研究(Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development study)中的静息态 fMRI 数据,调查了患有 GAD 的青少年在多个皮层网络和皮层下区域的连接性,这些区域与成人 GAD 有关联,同时考虑了两个评估期的诊断变化。方法使用线性混合效应模型评估了164名GAD青少年和3158名健康对照者在6个皮层网络和6个皮层下区域的网络内和网络间的连接性。然后比较了下列受试者在基线和 2 年随访期间 GAD 相关连通性的变化:连续 GAD、基线和未随访的 GAD(GAD 缓解者)、随访和未基线的 GAD(GAD 转换者)以及对照组。使用混合效应模型评估了 GAD 相关连通性指标与儿童行为检查表 (CBCL) 症状严重程度之间的关联。结果GAD青少年表现出更高的内腹部注意力网络(VAN)连通性,以及杏仁核与蝶鞍网络之间、纹状体区域与蝶鞍、默认模式和显著性网络之间的超连通性(FDR p<0.05)。从基线到随访期间,GAD 缓解者的 VAN 内连通性有所下降。连通性与症状严重程度无关。讨论结果表明,儿童和青少年时期的 GAD 与影响多个网络的皮层下到皮层网络连通性的改变有关,尤其是 VAN 内的过度连通性与临床上显著的 GAD 症状有关。
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引用次数: 0
A Psychometric Examination of the Dimensional Obsessive Compulsive Scale in a Treatment-Seeking Youth Sample 在寻求治疗的青少年样本中对维度强迫症量表进行心理计量学测试
Pub Date : 2024-09-07 DOI: 10.1101/2024.09.06.24313128
Nicholas R. Farrell, Catherine W MacDonald, Mia Nuñez, Andreas Rhode, Nicholas Lume, Patrick B. McGrath, Marina Baskova, Eli Wilson, Jonathan S. Abramowitz, Jamie D. Feusner
The Dimensional Obsessive Compulsive Scale (DOCS) was developed to address several limitations of existing self-report measures of obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) symptoms, and has been found to be a psychometrically sound method of assessing OCD symptoms in adults. However, to date, the psychometric performance of the DOCS has not been studied in a youth sample. The present study addressed this gap in the literature by examining the psychometric properties of the DOCS in a large sample (n=182) of treatment-seeking youth diagnosed with OCD. Results indicated that the DOCS showed good convergent validity with a youth OCD assessment scale, as well as similar sensitivity to the effects of treatment-related change in symptom severity. The DOCS also maintained its original four-factor structure in the youth sample, similar to findings in adults, supporting the consistency of the four subscales included. Overall, the DOCS appears to represent a promising method for assessing OCD symptom severity and response to treatment of OCD in youth.
维度强迫量表(DOCS)是针对现有强迫症(OCD)症状自我报告量表的一些局限性而开发的,它被认为是一种在心理计量学上对成人强迫症症状进行评估的可靠方法。然而,迄今为止,DOCS 的心理测量性能尚未在青少年样本中进行过研究。本研究针对文献中的这一空白,通过对大量样本(182 人)中被诊断为强迫症的寻求治疗的青少年进行研究,考察了 DOCS 的心理测量特性。结果表明,DOCS 与青少年强迫症评估量表具有良好的趋同效度,对治疗相关症状严重程度变化的影响也具有类似的敏感性。在青少年样本中,DOCS 还保持了其原有的四因素结构,这与成人样本中的结果相似,支持了所包含的四个子量表的一致性。总的来说,DOCS 似乎是一种很有前途的评估青少年强迫症症状严重程度和强迫症治疗反应的方法。
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引用次数: 0
Distinct cognitive and functional connectivity features from healthy cohorts can identify clinical obsessive-compulsive disorder 健康人群的认知和功能连接特征可识别临床强迫症
Pub Date : 2024-09-06 DOI: 10.1101/2024.09.02.24312960
Luke J. Hearne, B.T. Thomas Yeo, Lachlan Webb, Andrew Zalesky, Paul B. Fitzgerald, Oscar W. Murphy, Ye Tian, Michael Breakspear, Caitlin V. Hall, Sunah Choi, Minah Kim, Jun Soo Kwon, Luca Cocchi
Improving diagnostic accuracy of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) using models of brain imaging data is a key goal of the field, but this objective is challenging due to the limited size and phenotypic depth of clinical datasets. Leveraging the phenotypic diversity in large non-clinical datasets such as the UK Biobank (UKBB), offers a potential solution to this problem. Nevertheless, it remains unclear whether classification models trained on non-clinical populations will generalise to individuals with clinical OCD. This question is also relevant for the conceptualisation of OCD; specifically, whether the symptomology of OCD exists on a continuum from normal to pathological. Here, we examined a recently published “meta-matching” model trained on functional connectivity data from five large normative datasets (N=45,507) to predict cognitive, health and demographic variables. Specifically, we tested whether this model could classify OCD status in three independent clinical datasets (N=345). We found that the model could identify out-of-sample OCD individuals. Notably, the most predictive functional connectivity features mapped onto known cortico-striatal abnormalities in OCD and correlated with genetic brain expression maps previously implicated in the disorder. Further, the meta-matching model relied upon estimates of cognitive functions, such as cognitive flexibility and inhibition, to successfully predict OCD. These findings suggest that variability in non-clinical brain and behavioural features can discriminate clinical OCD status. These results support a dimensional and transdiagnostic conceptualisation of the brain and behavioural basis of OCD, with implications for research approaches and treatment targets.
利用脑成像数据模型提高强迫症(OCD)诊断的准确性是该领域的一个关键目标,但由于临床数据集的规模和表型深度有限,这一目标具有挑战性。利用英国生物库(UKBB)等大型非临床数据集的表型多样性为这一问题提供了潜在的解决方案。然而,在非临床人群中训练的分类模型是否能推广到临床强迫症患者身上,目前仍不清楚。这个问题也与强迫症的概念化有关,特别是强迫症的症状是否存在于从正常到病态的连续统一体中。在此,我们研究了最近发表的一个 "元匹配 "模型,该模型根据五个大型常模数据集(N=45,507)的功能连接数据进行训练,以预测认知、健康和人口统计学变量。具体来说,我们测试了该模型是否能对三个独立临床数据集(N=345)中的强迫症状态进行分类。我们发现,该模型可以识别样本外的强迫症患者。值得注意的是,最具预测性的功能连接特征映射到了强迫症已知的皮质纹状体异常上,并与之前与强迫症有关的遗传脑表达图谱相关。此外,元匹配模型依靠对认知功能(如认知灵活性和抑制)的估计来成功预测强迫症。这些研究结果表明,非临床大脑和行为特征的变异可以区分临床强迫症状态。这些结果支持对强迫症的大脑和行为基础进行维度和跨诊断概念化,从而对研究方法和治疗目标产生影响。
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引用次数: 0
Assisting focused attention meditation through EEG-based alpha-theta cross-frequency neurofeedback 通过基于脑电图的阿尔法-θ 跨频神经反馈辅助集中注意力冥想
Pub Date : 2024-09-06 DOI: 10.1101/2024.09.05.24311404
Hendrik-Jan De Vuyst, Angeliki-Ilektra Karaiskou, Javier R. Soriano, Jelle Pergens, Ruth Op de Beeck, Katleen Van der Gucht, Filip Raes, Maarten De Vos, Carolina Varon, Kaat Alaerts
Objectives Neurofeedback training involves real-time monitoring and self-regulation of neural activity. Neurofeedback training paradigms have been widely employed in the context of meditation. Interestingly, prior research revealed focused attention meditation to be associated with desynchronized, non-harmonic, cross-frequency relationships between alpha and theta rhythms, suggesting cross-frequency decoupling. However, the potential of training these brainwave patterns to assist meditative practices remains unexplored.
目的 神经反馈训练涉及对神经活动的实时监控和自我调节。神经反馈训练范式已被广泛应用于冥想。有趣的是,先前的研究显示,集中注意力冥想与阿尔法和θ节奏之间的非同步、非谐波、跨频率关系有关,这表明跨频率解耦。然而,训练这些脑电波模式以协助冥想练习的潜力仍有待探索。
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引用次数: 0
Longitudinal Symptom Burden and Pharmacologic Management of Catatonia in Autism with and without Profound Impairment: An Observational Study 有严重障碍和无严重障碍自闭症患者紧张症的纵向症状负担和药物治疗:观察研究
Pub Date : 2024-09-06 DOI: 10.1101/2024.09.05.24312724
Joshua Ryan Smith, Seri Lim, Snehal Bindra, Sarah Marler, Bavani Rajah, Zachary J. Williams, Isaac Baldwin, Nausheen Hossain, Jo Ellen Wilson, D. Catherine Fuchs, James Luccarelli
Introduction Catatonia is a highly morbid psychomotor and affective disorder which can affect autistic individuals with and without profound impairment. Catatonic symptoms are treatable with pharmacotherapy and electroconvulsive therapy, but the longitudinal effectiveness of these treatments has not been described.
导言 卡他性精神障碍是一种高度病态的精神运动和情感障碍,可影响有或没有深度障碍的自闭症患者。卡他性症状可通过药物疗法和电休克疗法治疗,但这些疗法的纵向疗效尚未得到描述。
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引用次数: 0
Visual processing oscillates differently through time for adults with ADHD 多动症成人的视觉处理随时间的变化而摆动
Pub Date : 2024-09-06 DOI: 10.1101/2024.09.05.24313116
Pénélope Pelland-Goulet, Martin Arguin, Hélène Brisebois, Nathalie Gosselin
ADHD is a neurodevelopmental disorder affecting 3-4% of Canadian adults and 2.6% of adults worldwide. Its symptoms include inattention, hyperactivity and impulsivity. Though ADHD is known to affect several brain functions and cognitive processes, little is known regarding its impact on perceptual oscillations. This study compared the temporal features of visual processing between ADHD and neurotypical individuals in a word recognition task. These features were sufficiently different across groups while at the same time sufficiently congruent across participants of the same group that a machine learning algorithm classified participants in their respective groups with a 91.8% accuracy using only a small portion of the available features. Secondary findings showed that individuals with ADHD could be classified with high accuracy (91.3%) regarding their use of psychostimulant medication. These findings suggest the existence of strong behavioral markers of ADHD as well as of regular medication usage on visual performance which can be uncovered by random temporal sampling.
多动症(ADHD)是一种神经发育障碍,影响到 3-4% 的加拿大成年人和 2.6% 的全球成年人。其症状包括注意力不集中、多动和冲动。虽然众所周知多动症会影响多种大脑功能和认知过程,但人们对其对知觉振荡的影响却知之甚少。本研究比较了多动症患者和神经畸形患者在单词识别任务中视觉处理的时间特征。这些特征在不同组别之间有足够的差异,同时在同一组别参与者之间又有足够的一致性,因此机器学习算法仅使用一小部分可用特征就能以 91.8% 的准确率将参与者归入各自的组别。次要研究结果表明,多动症患者在使用精神刺激药物方面的分类准确率很高(91.3%)。这些研究结果表明,多动症以及定期服用药物对视觉表现的影响具有很强的行为标记性,可以通过随机时间取样来发现。
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引用次数: 0
Childhood Adversity and Adolescent Epigenetic Age Acceleration: The Role of Adolescent Sleep Health 童年逆境与青少年表观遗传年龄加速:青少年睡眠健康的作用
Pub Date : 2024-09-05 DOI: 10.1101/2024.09.02.24312939
Karissa DiMarzio, Darlynn M. Rojo-Wissar, Evelyn Hernandez Valencia, Mikayla Ver Pault, Shane Denherder, Adamari Lopez, Jena Lerch, Georgette Metrailer, Sarah M. Merrill, April Highlander, Justin Parent
Study Objectives We investigated how a dimension of early life adversity (ELA) capturing threat in the home relates to later epigenetic age acceleration in adolescence through sleep (duration, efficiency, and timing), to empirically test theoretical models suggesting the importance of sleep as a key mechanism linking ELA with poor health outcomes, and to expand the limited literature on sleep and epigenetic aging among youth.
研究目的 我们调查了早期生活逆境(ELA)的一个维度,即家庭中的威胁如何通过睡眠(持续时间、效率和时间)与青少年后期的表观遗传年龄加速相关联,从而对理论模型进行实证检验,该模型表明睡眠的重要性是将 ELA 与不良健康结果联系起来的一个关键机制,并扩展了有关青少年睡眠和表观遗传衰老的有限文献。
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引用次数: 0
Brief remote psychological treatments for healthcare workers with emotional distress during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic: a randomized clinical trial 在 SARS-CoV-2 大流行期间为有情绪困扰的医护人员提供简短的远程心理治疗:随机临床试验
Pub Date : 2024-09-05 DOI: 10.1101/2024.09.04.24313084
Giovanni Abrahão Salum, Marianna de Abreu Costa, Lucas Spanemberg, André Rafael Simioni, Natan Pereira Gosmann, Lívia Hartmann de Souza, Pim Cuijpers, Daniel Samuel Pine, André Russowsky Brunoni, Christian Haag Kristensen, Marcelo Pio de Almeida Fleck, Gisele Gus Manfro, Carolina Blaya Dreher
BACKGROUND The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has catalyzed a widespread mental health crisis, impacting millions of people. This study aimed to compare three brief remote psychological treatments for healthcare workers with emotional distress during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic.
背景 SARS-CoV-2 大流行引发了广泛的心理健康危机,影响了数百万人。本研究旨在比较三种针对 SARS-CoV-2 大流行期间有情绪困扰的医护人员的简短远程心理治疗方法。
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引用次数: 0
Gut microbiome compositional and functional features associate with Alzheimer’s disease pathology 肠道微生物组的组成和功能特征与阿尔茨海默病的病理相关联
Pub Date : 2024-09-05 DOI: 10.1101/2024.09.04.24313004
Jea Woo Kang, Lora A. Khatib, Margo B. Heston, Amanda H. Dilmore, Jennifer S. Labus, Yuetiva Deming, Leyla Schimmel, Colette Blach, Daniel McDonald, Antonio Gonzalez, MacKenzie Bryant, Karenina Sanders, Lara Schwartz, Tyler K. Ulland, Sterling C. Johnson, Sanjay Asthana, Cynthia M. Carlsson, Nathaniel A. Chin, Kaj Blennow, Henrik Zetterberg, Federico E. Rey, Alzheimer Gut Microbiome Project Consortium, Rima Kaddurah-Daouk, Rob Knight, Barbara B. Bendlin
BACKGROUND The gut microbiome is a potentially modifiable factor in Alzheimer’s disease (AD); however, understanding of its composition and function regarding AD pathology is limited.
背景 肠道微生物组是阿尔茨海默病(AD)的一个潜在可调节因素;然而,人们对肠道微生物组在阿尔茨海默病病理方面的组成和功能的了解还很有限。
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引用次数: 0
Single-session intervention with and without video support to prevent the worsening of emotional distress among healthcare workers during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic: a randomized clinical trial 在SARS-CoV-2大流行期间,采用单次干预(有视频支持和无视频支持)防止医护人员的情绪困扰恶化:随机临床试验
Pub Date : 2024-09-05 DOI: 10.1101/2024.09.04.24313087
Giovanni Abrahão Salum, Lucas Spanemberg, Marianna de Abreu Costa, André Rafael Simioni, Natan Pereira Gosmann, Lívia Hartmann de Souza, Pim Cuijpers, Daniel Samuel Pine, André Russowsky Brunoni, Natan Katz, Roberto Nunes Umpierre, Christian Haag Kristensen, Gisele Gus Manfro, Marcelo Pio de Almeida Fleck, Carolina Blaya Dreher
BACKGROUND The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic was a major stressful event that significantly affected healthcare providers. This study aimed to compare the efficacy of a single-session intervention (SSI) with and without weekly personalized pre-recorded videos to prevent the worsening of emotional distress.
背景SARS-CoV-2大流行是一个重大的压力事件,对医疗服务提供者造成了严重影响。本研究旨在比较单次干预(SSI)与每周个人化预录视频对防止情绪困扰恶化的效果。
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引用次数: 0
期刊
medRxiv - Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology
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