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Special Section: Digital Strategies for Business Readiness 特别部分:业务准备的数字战略
IF 7.7 2区 管理学 Q1 COMPUTER SCIENCE, INFORMATION SYSTEMS Pub Date : 2023-08-23 DOI: 10.1080/07421222.2023.2229121
Robert J. Kauffman, Atanu Lahiri
Published in Journal of Management Information Systems (Vol. 40, No. 3, 2023)
发表于《管理信息系统学报》(Vol. 40, No. 3, 2023)
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引用次数: 0
Editorial Introduction 编辑介绍
IF 7.7 2区 管理学 Q1 COMPUTER SCIENCE, INFORMATION SYSTEMS Pub Date : 2023-08-23 DOI: 10.1080/07421222.2023.2229116
Vladimir Zwass
Published in Journal of Management Information Systems (Vol. 40, No. 3, 2023)
发表于《管理信息系统学报》(Vol. 40, No. 3, 2023)
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引用次数: 0
Impact of Bot Involvement in an Incentivized Blockchain-Based Online Social Media Platform 机器人参与基于区块链的在线社交媒体平台的影响
IF 7.7 2区 管理学 Q1 COMPUTER SCIENCE, INFORMATION SYSTEMS Pub Date : 2023-07-03 DOI: 10.1080/07421222.2023.2229124
F. Delkhosh, R. Gopal, Raymond A. Patterson, Niam Yaraghi
ABSTRACT Incentivized blockchain-based online social media (BOSM), where creators and curators of popular content are paid in cryptocurrency, have recently emerged. Traditional social media ecosystems have experienced significant bot involvement in their platforms, which has often had a negative impact on both users and platforms. BOSM can provide additional direct financial incentives as motivation for both bots’ and human users’ engagement. Using the panel vector autoregression and regression discontinuity in time framework, we analyze two distinct data sets from Steemit, the largest and most popular BOSM, to study the impact of bot engagement on human users and the impact of changes in financial reward on user engagement. Interestingly, our findings demonstrate that while increased engagement by bots is positively associated with engagement by human users, the association between bot engagement and human user engagement decreases as the number of votes for a post increases. We also find that shifts in economic incentives significantly influence the behavior of both human users and bots. This research provides significant insights on how social media platforms can leverage economic incentives to influence user behavior and, more importantly, leverage bots’ activity to increase the engagement of their human users.
摘要最近出现了基于区块链的在线社交媒体(BOSM),流行内容的创作者和策展人以加密货币付费。传统的社交媒体生态系统在其平台上经历了大量的机器人参与,这往往对用户和平台都产生了负面影响。BOSM可以提供额外的直接经济激励,作为机器人和人类用户参与的动机。使用时间框架中的面板向量自回归和回归不连续性,我们分析了来自最大和最流行的BOSM Steemit的两个不同的数据集,以研究机器人参与对人类用户的影响以及经济奖励变化对用户参与的影响。有趣的是,我们的研究结果表明,虽然机器人参与度的增加与人类用户的参与度呈正相关,但机器人参与度与人类用户参与度之间的关联随着帖子投票数的增加而减少。我们还发现,经济激励的变化会显著影响人类用户和机器人的行为。这项研究为社交媒体平台如何利用经济激励来影响用户行为,更重要的是,如何利用机器人的活动来提高人类用户的参与度提供了重要的见解。
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引用次数: 0
Differential Impacts of Technology-Network Structures on Cost Efficiency: Knowledge Spillovers in Healthcare 技术网络结构对成本效率的差异影响:医疗保健中的知识溢出
IF 7.7 2区 管理学 Q1 COMPUTER SCIENCE, INFORMATION SYSTEMS Pub Date : 2023-07-03 DOI: 10.1080/07421222.2023.2229126
O. Nwafor, Xiaowei Ma, N. Johnson, Rahul Singh, R. Aron
ABSTRACT We examine how hospital cost efficiency can improve because of knowledge spillover effects, arising from the experiences of members of a healthcare system. We identify two types of functional technology networks—that we term repository-type and workflow-type networks—which are defined by the adoption patterns of different types of electronic health record (EHR) systems application functions by hospitals in a health system. Additionally, we examine how structural features of these two network types—namely, network centrality and interconnectedness—impact such knowledge spillover effects. By analyzing seven years of panel data for 1,420 U.S. hospitals across 216 health systems, and data obtained from surveys of healthcare experts, we found that greater centrality of nodes in repository-type networks enhances the influence of partners’ experiences on cost efficiency but has the opposite effect in workflow-type networks, while greater interconnectedness of workflow-type networks enhances the influence of partners’ experiences on cost efficiency. Interestingly, we found the opposite effect in repository-type networks, where greater interconnectedness diminishes the influence of partners’ experiences on cost efficiency. We discuss reasons for this surprising and counterintuitive finding. Overall, our results demonstrate that at least in healthcare settings where information technologies enable knowledge-sharing networks to be formed, benefits can accrue through knowledge spillover effects; moreover, variations across functional categories of technologies adopted in a network context can result in different technology-network structures with differential impacts on hospital cost efficiency because of their influence on knowledge spillover at both the hospital and system levels. Not only can these results explain mixed findings in the literature that has been dominated by a focus on cost efficiency outcomes dependent solely on the EHR adoption choices of individual hospitals, but they also provide the basis for guidelines for a network-based perspective of technology adoption. We discuss other possible settings to which our empirical findings can be reasonably generalized, including supply chain technologies and the Internet of Things.
摘要:我们研究医院的成本效率如何因为知识溢出效应而提高,这是由医疗保健系统成员的经验引起的。我们确定了两种类型的功能性技术网络——我们称之为存储库型和工作流型网络——它们是由卫生系统中医院采用不同类型的电子健康记录(EHR)系统应用功能的模式定义的。此外,我们研究了这两种网络类型的结构特征——即网络中心性和互联性——如何影响这种知识溢出效应。通过分析美国216个卫生系统中1,420家医院的7年面板数据,以及医疗保健专家的调查数据,我们发现,储存库型网络中节点的更大中心性增强了合作伙伴经验对成本效率的影响,但在工作流型网络中则相反,而工作流型网络的更大互联性增强了合作伙伴经验对成本效率的影响。有趣的是,我们在储存库型网络中发现了相反的效果,在储存库型网络中,更大的互联性降低了合作伙伴经验对成本效率的影响。我们将讨论这一令人惊讶和违反直觉的发现的原因。总体而言,我们的研究结果表明,至少在信息技术能够形成知识共享网络的医疗保健环境中,可以通过知识溢出效应获得利益;此外,在网络环境中所采用的技术的不同功能类别可能导致不同的技术-网络结构对医院成本效率的不同影响,因为它们对医院和系统层面的知识溢出都有影响。这些结果不仅可以解释文献中混杂的发现,这些发现主要集中在成本效率结果上,仅依赖于个别医院的电子病历采用选择,但它们也为基于网络的技术采用视角提供了指导原则的基础。我们还讨论了其他可能的情况,我们的经验发现可以合理地推广,包括供应链技术和物联网。
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引用次数: 0
Influence of Media Capabilities on Trust in the Sharing Economy 共享经济中媒体能力对信任的影响
IF 7.7 2区 管理学 Q1 COMPUTER SCIENCE, INFORMATION SYSTEMS Pub Date : 2023-07-03 DOI: 10.1080/07421222.2023.2229118
Andrew J. Harrison, A. Mirsadikov, Truong (Jack) Luu
ABSTRACT Media capabilities influence consumers’ trust in online exchanges. However, in the sharing economy, where consumers interact with service providers through a platform, conventional models of trust must be revisited. Our research identifies how media synchronicity and anonymity influence the relative importance of institution-based trust in sharing economy exchanges. We collected data from 248 ride-hailing customers and 288 cryptocurrency users to test a moderated mediation model of trust. We find that in the sharing economy media synchronicity and anonymity lead customers to develop trust toward service providers directly and undermine the impact of institutional trust mechanisms. This indicates that in sharing economy exchanges, trust can be built directly with the service provider, or alternatively, indirectly through the platform. Consequently, organizations in the sharing economy can strategically design their systems to engender trust by choosing between (1) emphasizing the platform’s reputation or (2) encouraging direct communication between the consumer and service providers.
媒体能力影响消费者对在线交易的信任。然而,在共享经济中,消费者通过平台与服务提供商互动,必须重新审视传统的信任模式。我们的研究确定了媒体同步性和匿名性如何影响共享经济交换中基于制度的信任的相对重要性。我们收集了248名叫车客户和288名加密货币用户的数据,以测试一个有调节的信任中介模型。我们发现,在共享经济中,媒体同步性和匿名性直接导致消费者对服务提供商产生信任,并削弱了制度性信任机制的影响。这表明,在共享经济交易中,可以直接与服务提供商建立信任,也可以通过平台间接建立信任。因此,共享经济中的组织可以战略性地设计他们的系统,通过选择(1)强调平台的声誉或(2)鼓励消费者和服务提供商之间的直接沟通来产生信任。
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引用次数: 0
Stigmergy in Open Collaboration: An Empirical Investigation Based on Wikipedia 开放合作中的激励:基于维基百科的实证研究
IF 7.7 2区 管理学 Q1 COMPUTER SCIENCE, INFORMATION SYSTEMS Pub Date : 2023-07-03 DOI: 10.1080/07421222.2023.2229119
Lei (Nico) Zheng, Feng Mai, Bei Yan, J. Nickerson
ABSTRACT Participants in open collaboration communities coproduce knowledge despite minimal explicit communication to coordinate the efforts. Studying how participants coordinate around the knowledge artifact and its impacts are critical for understanding the open knowledge production model. This study builds on the theory of stigmergy, wherein actions performed by a participant leave traces on a knowledge artifact and stimulate succeeding actions. We find that stigmergy involves two intertwined processes: collective modification and collective excitation. We propose a new measure of stigmergy based on the spatial and temporal clustering of contributions. By analyzing thousands of Wikipedia articles, we find that the degree of stigmergy is positively associated with community members’ participation and the quality of the knowledge produced. This study contributes to the understanding of open collaboration by characterizing the spatial-temporal clustering of contributions and providing new insights into the relationship between stigmergy and knowledge production outcomes. These findings can help practitioners increase user engagement in knowledge production processes in order to create more sustainable open collaboration communities.
开放协作社区中的参与者尽管很少进行明确的沟通来协调工作,但他们还是共同创造知识。研究参与者如何围绕知识工件及其影响进行协调,对于理解开放知识生产模型至关重要。这项研究建立在污名能量理论的基础上,参与者的行为会在知识工件上留下痕迹,并刺激后续行动。我们发现污名能量涉及两个相互交织的过程:集体修改和集体激发。我们提出了一种新的基于贡献的空间和时间聚类的柱头能量测量方法。通过分析数千篇维基百科文章,我们发现污名化的程度与社区成员的参与和所产生的知识的质量呈正相关。这项研究通过表征贡献的时空聚类,并对污名能量和知识生产结果之间的关系提供新的见解,有助于理解开放合作。这些发现可以帮助从业者提高用户对知识生产过程的参与度,以创建更可持续的开放协作社区。
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引用次数: 0
The Paradoxical Role of Humanness in Aggression Toward Conversational Agents 人性在攻击会话主体中的矛盾作用
IF 7.7 2区 管理学 Q1 COMPUTER SCIENCE, INFORMATION SYSTEMS Pub Date : 2023-07-03 DOI: 10.1080/07421222.2023.2229127
A. Brendel, Fabian Hildebrandt, Alan Dennis, Johannes Riquel
ABSTRACT Conversational Agents (CAs) are becoming part of our everyday lives. About 10 percent of users display aggressive behavior toward CAs, such as swearing at them when they produce errors. We conducted two online experiments to understand user aggression toward CAs better. In the first experiment, 175 participants used either a humanlike CA or a non-humanlike CA. Both CAs worked without errors, and we observed no increased frustration or user aggression. The second experiment (with 201 participants) was the focus of this study; in it, both CAs produce a series of errors. The results show that frustration with errors drives aggression, and users with higher impulsivity are more likely to become aggressive when frustrated. The results also suggest that there are three pathways by which perceived humanness influences users’ aggression to CAs. First, perceived humanness directly increases the frustration with the CA when it produces errors. Second, perceived humanness increases service satisfaction which in turn reduces frustration. Third, perceived humanness influences the nature of aggression when users become frustrated (i.e., users are less likely to use highly offensive words with a more humanlike CA). Our research contributes to our theoretical understanding of the role of anthropomorphism in the interaction with machines, showing that designing a CA to be more humanlike is a double-edged sword—both increasing and decreasing the frustration that leads to aggression—and also a means to reduce the most severe aggression.
会话代理(ca)正在成为我们日常生活的一部分。大约10%的用户对ca表现出攻击性行为,比如在它们出错时骂它们。为了更好地理解用户对ca的攻击性,我们进行了两个在线实验。在第一个实验中,175名参与者使用类似人类的CA或非人类的CA。这两种CA都没有错误,我们没有观察到增加的挫败感或用户攻击性。第二个实验(201名参与者)是本研究的重点;在其中,两个ca都会产生一系列错误。结果表明,对错误的挫败感会驱动攻击性,冲动性较高的用户在受挫时更有可能变得具有攻击性。结果还表明,感知人性影响用户对ca的攻击有三种途径。首先,当CA产生错误时,感知到的人性直接增加了对它的挫败感。其次,感知到的人性化增加了服务满意度,从而减少了挫败感。第三,当用户感到沮丧时,感知到的人性会影响攻击的性质(即,用户不太可能对更像人类的CA使用高度攻击性的词语)。我们的研究有助于我们对拟人化在与机器交互中的作用的理论理解,表明设计一个更像人类的CA是一把双刃剑——既增加又减少了导致攻击的挫败感——也是减少最严重攻击的一种手段。
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引用次数: 0
Strategic Investments for Platform Launch and Ecosystem Growth: A Dynamic Analysis 平台发布和生态系统增长的战略投资:动态分析
IF 7.7 2区 管理学 Q1 COMPUTER SCIENCE, INFORMATION SYSTEMS Pub Date : 2023-07-03 DOI: 10.1080/07421222.2023.2229125
E. Anderson, Geoffrey G. Parker, B. Tan
ABSTRACT Multi-sided platforms must make decisions on both pricing and engineering investment and must continually adjust them as the platform scales over its lifecycle. Engineering investments can be allocated to features that improve a platform’s standalone value, social features to take advantage of same-side network effects, or integration tools and boundary resources to facilitate third-party content creation. Guidance in the academic or practitioner literature is not granular. Moreover, relevant normative economic models that consider externalities are rarely dynamic. Hence, there is a gap in knowledge about how to best balance tradeoffs between different strategic decisions throughout the entire platform lifecycle. To begin to address this gap, we explore normative strategies for coordinating pricing and engineering investment decisions on a continuous basis under different ecosystem conditions. We build a simulation model informed by economics and marketing theory and perform extensive sensitivity analyses on key parameters in different ecosystem scenarios over a multi-period lifecycle. We find that pricing and investment strategies must continuously change to perform optimally. In particular, strategies that are most effective at launch often differ from those that are most effective during scaling as well as those most effective at maturity. We also find that the optimal strategy depends strongly on the monetization model and market aversion to price changes. Lastly, we specifically examine four different industry segments: mobile platforms, social media, the sharing economy, and business-to-business. The results provide evidence that the trajectory of platform pricing and investment strategies should greatly differ depending on industrial context.
多边平台必须在定价和工程投资方面做出决策,并且必须随着平台在其生命周期中的扩展而不断调整它们。工程投资可以分配给提高平台独立价值的功能,利用同侧网络效应的社交功能,或集成工具和边界资源来促进第三方内容创作。学术或实践文献中的指导不是细粒度的。此外,考虑外部性的相关规范经济模型很少是动态的。因此,关于如何在整个平台生命周期中最好地平衡不同战略决策之间的权衡,存在知识上的差距。为了开始解决这一差距,我们探索了在不同生态系统条件下持续协调定价和工程投资决策的规范策略。我们根据经济学和市场营销理论建立了一个模拟模型,并对多周期生命周期中不同生态系统情景中的关键参数进行了广泛的敏感性分析。我们发现定价和投资策略必须不断变化才能达到最佳效果。特别是,在发行时最有效的策略往往与在扩展期间最有效的策略以及在成熟时最有效的策略不同。我们还发现,最优策略在很大程度上取决于货币化模式和市场对价格变化的厌恶程度。最后,我们专门研究了四个不同的行业领域:移动平台、社交媒体、共享经济和企业对企业。研究结果表明,平台定价和投资策略的轨迹会因行业背景的不同而有很大差异。
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引用次数: 0
Multi-Device Consumption of Digital Goods: Optimal Product Line Design with Bundling 数字产品的多设备消费:基于捆绑的最佳产品线设计
IF 7.7 2区 管理学 Q1 COMPUTER SCIENCE, INFORMATION SYSTEMS Pub Date : 2023-07-03 DOI: 10.1080/07421222.2023.2229122
H. Bhargava
ABSTRACT A contemporary business challenge for bundling theory is the distribution of digital content such as media, entertainment, software, and other information goods. Consumers can use a number of devices to interact with software, online services, music, video, news, and other forms of digital content. For instance, Netflix videos and Kindle ebooks, initially accessed only on television sets and computers, respectively, are now also consumed on smartphones and tablets. Print products are now distributed and consumed both in print and digitally. Firms offer product line designs that include prices for single device access as also bundle discounts for multi-device access, so that consumers can choose a device or even multiple devices. This paper provides guidelines regarding such multi-device product line design and pricing. A starting point is to note that there are many ways to practice bundling, from offering prices for single-device consumption as well as a bundle discount (mixed bundling), to forcing multi-device prices (pure bundling), and designs in between (partial bundling). Picking the best design, and associated prices, is a complex problem due to how single-device demand functions relate to multi-device demand. Recognizing that some dual-device purchases can occur even when there is no bundle discount, the paper develops intuition around the net gain or loss incurred from giving a bundle discount to entice single-device access buyers to dual sales. One surprising finding is that inducing dual sales through bundle discounts can be profitable even when intent to consume multiple times is quite weak, because in this case dual sales would not occur organically. Less surprisingly, such inducement is also profitable when multi-consumption intent is strong, and least attractive when the intent is moderate. When one of the devices is an emerging one or has weak own demand in the short term, then it can be useful to offer a partial bundle, tying sales for the stronger device into a bundle comprising access to both devices. When device valuations are such that consumers generally agree on the rank-ordering of the devices (e.g., if a location-based app offers greater value on a smartphone than on a tablet), then it is best to employ some type of bundling, unless the intent for multi-device consumption is proportionally lower among low-value consumers than for high-value consumers.
捆绑销售理论面临的当代商业挑战是数字内容(如媒体、娱乐、软件和其他信息产品)的分销。消费者可以使用许多设备与软件、在线服务、音乐、视频、新闻和其他形式的数字内容进行交互。例如,Netflix视频和Kindle电子书最初分别只能在电视机和电脑上观看,现在也可以在智能手机和平板电脑上观看。印刷产品现在以印刷和数字两种方式分发和消费。公司提供的产品线设计既包括单设备接入的价格,也包括多设备接入的捆绑折扣,这样消费者就可以选择一种设备,甚至多种设备。本文为这种多设备产品线的设计和定价提供了指导方针。首先要注意的是,有许多方法可以实现捆绑,从提供单设备消费价格和捆绑折扣(混合捆绑),到强制多设备价格(纯捆绑),以及介于两者之间的设计(部分捆绑)。由于单设备需求功能与多设备需求之间的关系,选择最佳设计和相关价格是一个复杂的问题。认识到即使在没有捆绑折扣的情况下,一些双设备购买也可能发生,本文对提供捆绑折扣以吸引单设备接入买家进行双重销售所产生的净收益或损失产生了直觉。一个令人惊讶的发现是,通过捆绑折扣诱导双重销售即使在多次消费的意图相当弱的情况下也是有利可图的,因为在这种情况下,双重销售不会有机地发生。不足为奇的是,当多重消费意图强烈时,这种诱导也是有利可图的,而当多重消费意图温和时,这种诱导就不那么吸引人了。当其中一款设备是新兴设备或短期内自身需求较弱时,提供部分捆绑销售可能是有用的,将较强设备的销售捆绑到包含两种设备的捆绑销售中。当设备估值达到消费者普遍认同设备的排名顺序时(例如,如果基于位置的应用在智能手机上比在平板电脑上提供更高的价值),那么最好采用某种类型的捆绑,除非低价值消费者的多设备消费意愿比例低于高价值消费者。
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引用次数: 0
How Lending Experience and Borrower Credit Influence Rational Herding Behavior in Peer-to-Peer Microloan Platform Markets 借贷体验和借款人信用如何影响对等小额贷款平台市场的理性羊群行为
IF 7.7 2区 管理学 Q1 COMPUTER SCIENCE, INFORMATION SYSTEMS Pub Date : 2023-07-03 DOI: 10.1080/07421222.2023.2229128
P. Lowry, Junji Xiao, Jia Yuan
ABSTRACT This paper analyzes the herding behavior that characterizes lenders’ lending decisions on a microloan platform and explains how rational herding behavior can resolve the information-asymmetry problem, which is a well-known reason for the failure of online microloan platforms. Using a set of panel data on individual lending decisions acquired from Paipaidai.com (PPDai), an online microloan platform, we examine the influence of the lending decisions of prominent, experienced lenders on novice lenders to identify rational herding behavior. Our empirical analysis demonstrates that rational herding behavior can in fact efficiently reduce lender loss from borrower defaults caused by limited information. Although it is typically assumed that herding behavior is irrational, we find that it can be rational in this context and can thus shed light on why PPDai has succeeded while most other microloan platforms have failed. Accordingly, we make three key contributions: 1) we use heterogeneous herding effects to empirically determine whether lenders’ herding behavior on PPDai is rational based on observational learning; 2) we investigate the moderating effect of borrower credit and novice-lender experience on herding, and we leverage this heterogeneity in lender experience to better explain loan results; and 3) because PPDai publicly provides potential lenders with a transparent credit score—in contrast to platforms like Prosper.com, which leverage hidden proprietary credit information from Experian—we further analyze the credit composition of prominent lenders to better understand the crucial determinants of rational herding. In fact, our follow-up survival simulations indicate that without rational herding, the total number of successful PPDai loans would have decreased by around 46 percent during the study period—a finding that further underlines the crucial influence of rational herding and the unique contextual factors of PPDai that have fostered it.
本文分析了小额贷款平台上出借人借贷决策的羊群行为特征,并解释了理性羊群行为如何解决信息不对称问题,这是网络小额贷款平台失败的一个众所周知的原因。利用在线小额贷款平台拍拍贷(拍拍贷)的一组个人贷款决策的面板数据,我们研究了知名的、经验丰富的贷款人对新手贷款人的贷款决策的影响,以确定理性羊群行为。实证分析表明,理性羊群行为实际上可以有效地减少因信息有限而导致的借款人违约给贷款人带来的损失。尽管人们通常认为羊群行为是非理性的,但我们发现,在这种情况下,羊群行为可能是理性的,因此可以解释为什么拍拍贷成功了,而大多数其他小额贷款平台都失败了。因此,我们做出了三个关键贡献:1)基于观察学习,我们利用异质羊群效应实证地确定了借贷人在拍拍贷上的羊群行为是否理性;2)我们研究了借款人信用和新手贷款人经验对羊群效应的调节作用,并利用贷款人经验的这种异质性来更好地解释贷款结果;3)因为拍拍贷公开向潜在的贷款人提供透明的信用评分——与Prosper.com等平台相反,后者利用了experier隐藏的专有信用信息——我们进一步分析了知名贷款人的信用构成,以更好地理解理性羊群的关键决定因素。事实上,我们的后续生存模拟表明,在研究期间,如果没有理性羊群,成功的拍拍贷贷款总数将减少约46%——这一发现进一步强调了理性羊群的关键影响,以及培育它的拍拍贷独特的背景因素。
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