Pub Date : 2024-10-01DOI: 10.1038/s44284-024-00138-1
Charles H. Simpson, Oscar Brousse, Tim Taylor, James Grellier, Jonathon Taylor, Lora E. Fleming, Mike Davies, Clare Heaviside
Population exposure to high temperatures poses health risks and increases mortality. ‘Cool roofs’ (high-albedo roofs) and rooftop photovoltaics (RPV) may reduce temperatures in urban areas. Here, using advanced urban climate modeling, we model impacts of these measures on air temperature and heat-related mortality in London during the record-breaking hot summer of 2018. We estimate changes in mean near-surface air temperature of −0.3 °C in the RPV scenario and −0.8 °C in the cool roof scenario. We find that the heat-related mortality in this period (estimated 655–920) could have been reduced by 96 (12%) by RPV, or 249 (32%) by cool roofs, in scenarios where all roofs have these measures. Monetized using value of statistical life, we estimate benefits for RPV and cool roofs of £237 M and £615 M, respectively. We estimate that up to 20 TWh of electrical energy would be generated in the full RPV scenario. We show that, for conditions such as in London June–August 2018, RPV or cool roofs may reduce near-surface air temperatures and associated heat-related mortality, with cool roofs having a larger effect. This study used the case of summer 2018 in London to show that rooftop photovoltaics could have reduced heat-related mortality by 12% while cool roofs could have reduced it by 32%. In addition, rooftop photovoltaics generate up to 20 TWh of electricity.
{"title":"Modeled temperature, mortality impact and external benefits of cool roofs and rooftop photovoltaics in London","authors":"Charles H. Simpson, Oscar Brousse, Tim Taylor, James Grellier, Jonathon Taylor, Lora E. Fleming, Mike Davies, Clare Heaviside","doi":"10.1038/s44284-024-00138-1","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44284-024-00138-1","url":null,"abstract":"Population exposure to high temperatures poses health risks and increases mortality. ‘Cool roofs’ (high-albedo roofs) and rooftop photovoltaics (RPV) may reduce temperatures in urban areas. Here, using advanced urban climate modeling, we model impacts of these measures on air temperature and heat-related mortality in London during the record-breaking hot summer of 2018. We estimate changes in mean near-surface air temperature of −0.3 °C in the RPV scenario and −0.8 °C in the cool roof scenario. We find that the heat-related mortality in this period (estimated 655–920) could have been reduced by 96 (12%) by RPV, or 249 (32%) by cool roofs, in scenarios where all roofs have these measures. Monetized using value of statistical life, we estimate benefits for RPV and cool roofs of £237 M and £615 M, respectively. We estimate that up to 20 TWh of electrical energy would be generated in the full RPV scenario. We show that, for conditions such as in London June–August 2018, RPV or cool roofs may reduce near-surface air temperatures and associated heat-related mortality, with cool roofs having a larger effect. This study used the case of summer 2018 in London to show that rooftop photovoltaics could have reduced heat-related mortality by 12% while cool roofs could have reduced it by 32%. In addition, rooftop photovoltaics generate up to 20 TWh of electricity.","PeriodicalId":501700,"journal":{"name":"Nature Cities","volume":"1 11","pages":"751-759"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s44284-024-00138-1.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142525709","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-27DOI: 10.1038/s44284-024-00139-0
In this issue of Nature Cities, we highlight the policy relevance of urban research to a variety of domains. These applications also foreground the importance of city policy for mediating connections between human society and the natural environment.
{"title":"Policymaking for equitable, sustainable cities","authors":"","doi":"10.1038/s44284-024-00139-0","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44284-024-00139-0","url":null,"abstract":"In this issue of Nature Cities, we highlight the policy relevance of urban research to a variety of domains. These applications also foreground the importance of city policy for mediating connections between human society and the natural environment.","PeriodicalId":501700,"journal":{"name":"Nature Cities","volume":"1 10","pages":"621-621"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s44284-024-00139-0.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142328578","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-27DOI: 10.1038/s44284-024-00131-8
R. Marie Garcia
Water is life. Water is beautiful. Water is dangerous. Water researcher Marie Garcia reflects on how building meaningful relationships with Detroiters helps to shape her relationship with the city, especially as its longest-term residents struggle with worsening flood impacts on their homes and lives.
{"title":"Water wonderland or water nightmare","authors":"R. Marie Garcia","doi":"10.1038/s44284-024-00131-8","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44284-024-00131-8","url":null,"abstract":"Water is life. Water is beautiful. Water is dangerous. Water researcher Marie Garcia reflects on how building meaningful relationships with Detroiters helps to shape her relationship with the city, especially as its longest-term residents struggle with worsening flood impacts on their homes and lives.","PeriodicalId":501700,"journal":{"name":"Nature Cities","volume":"1 10","pages":"716-716"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142328585","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-16DOI: 10.1038/s44284-024-00119-4
Matteo Bruno, Hygor Piaget Monteiro Melo, Bruno Campanelli, Vittorio Loreto
Proximity-based cities have attracted much attention in recent years. The ‘15-minute city’, in particular, heralded a new vision for cities where essential services must be easily accessible. Despite its undoubted merit in stimulating discussion on new organization of cities, the 15-minute city cannot be applicable everywhere, and its very definition raises a few concerns. Here we tackle the feasibility and practicability of the 15-minute city model in many cities worldwide. We provide a worldwide quantification of how close cities are to the ideal of the 15-minute city. To this end, we measure the accessibility times to resources and services, and we reveal strong heterogeneity of accessibility within and across cities, with a pivotal role played by local population densities. We provide an online platform ( https://whatif.sonycsl.it/15mincity/ ) to access and visualize accessibility scores for virtually all cities worldwide. The heterogeneity of accessibility within cities is one of the sources of inequality. We thus simulate how much a better redistribution of resources and services could heal inequity by keeping the same resources and services or by allowing for virtually infinite resources. We highlight pronounced discrepancies among cities in the minimum number of additional services needed to comply with the 15-minute city concept. We conclude that the proximity-based paradigm must be generalized to work on a wide range of local population densities. Finally, socio-economic and cultural factors should be included to shift from time-based to value-based cities. How widespread is the possibility of creating ‘15-minute cities’? Using openly available data, the authors measure access to essential services and what points of interest would have to be relocated to create 15-minute cities. With novel quantification, they demonstrate remarkable differences among cities across different regions of the globe.
{"title":"A universal framework for inclusive 15-minute cities","authors":"Matteo Bruno, Hygor Piaget Monteiro Melo, Bruno Campanelli, Vittorio Loreto","doi":"10.1038/s44284-024-00119-4","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44284-024-00119-4","url":null,"abstract":"Proximity-based cities have attracted much attention in recent years. The ‘15-minute city’, in particular, heralded a new vision for cities where essential services must be easily accessible. Despite its undoubted merit in stimulating discussion on new organization of cities, the 15-minute city cannot be applicable everywhere, and its very definition raises a few concerns. Here we tackle the feasibility and practicability of the 15-minute city model in many cities worldwide. We provide a worldwide quantification of how close cities are to the ideal of the 15-minute city. To this end, we measure the accessibility times to resources and services, and we reveal strong heterogeneity of accessibility within and across cities, with a pivotal role played by local population densities. We provide an online platform ( https://whatif.sonycsl.it/15mincity/ ) to access and visualize accessibility scores for virtually all cities worldwide. The heterogeneity of accessibility within cities is one of the sources of inequality. We thus simulate how much a better redistribution of resources and services could heal inequity by keeping the same resources and services or by allowing for virtually infinite resources. We highlight pronounced discrepancies among cities in the minimum number of additional services needed to comply with the 15-minute city concept. We conclude that the proximity-based paradigm must be generalized to work on a wide range of local population densities. Finally, socio-economic and cultural factors should be included to shift from time-based to value-based cities. How widespread is the possibility of creating ‘15-minute cities’? Using openly available data, the authors measure access to essential services and what points of interest would have to be relocated to create 15-minute cities. With novel quantification, they demonstrate remarkable differences among cities across different regions of the globe.","PeriodicalId":501700,"journal":{"name":"Nature Cities","volume":"1 10","pages":"633-641"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142328569","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-16DOI: 10.1038/s44284-024-00122-9
Haroldo V. Ribeiro
Amid growing urbanization, the 15-minute city model seeks to transform city living by ensuring that essential services are just a short walk away from city inhabitants. New research now quantitatively measures this urban ideal, revealing significant disparities in access across cities globally.
{"title":"Quantifying the 15-minute city concept","authors":"Haroldo V. Ribeiro","doi":"10.1038/s44284-024-00122-9","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44284-024-00122-9","url":null,"abstract":"Amid growing urbanization, the 15-minute city model seeks to transform city living by ensuring that essential services are just a short walk away from city inhabitants. New research now quantitatively measures this urban ideal, revealing significant disparities in access across cities globally.","PeriodicalId":501700,"journal":{"name":"Nature Cities","volume":"1 10","pages":"622-623"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142328558","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Urban rooftop agriculture (RA) and photovoltaic power production (RPV) offer sustainable solutions for the food–energy nexus in cities but compete for limited rooftop space. Here we explore the potential benefits (productivity, economic and environmental) and allocation strategy of RA and RPV across 13 million buildings in 124 Chinese cities, considering urban characteristics and regional productivity. We found that RA yields superior economic benefits, while RPV excels in greenhouse gas emission reductions. Prioritizing either RA or RPV can only retain 0–29% of the above benefits brought by the other. However, allocating 61% of the flat rooftop area to RA and all the remaining (including pitched rooftops) to RPV would retain >50% of their potential, meeting 15% (mean, 0.5–99% across cities) of urban vegetable needs and 5% (0.5–27% across cities) of the electricity needs. While the productivity from RA and RPV have significant environmental and socioeconomic benefits, they require considerable water (up to 15% of urban residential water use) and materials (for example, totaling 13 kt silver). This study proposes that the optimal allocation of roof area for rooftop agriculture and photovoltaics is 61% of the flat rooftop area to the former and the rest for the latter. However, maintaining this productivity requires considerable water use and materials.
{"title":"Urban rooftops for food and energy in China","authors":"Rui Yang, Chao Xu, Haoran Zhang, Zhen Wang, Prajal Pradhan, Xihong Lian, Limin Jiao, Xuemei Bai, Shenghui Cui, Yuanchao Hu, Yong-Guan Zhu","doi":"10.1038/s44284-024-00127-4","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44284-024-00127-4","url":null,"abstract":"Urban rooftop agriculture (RA) and photovoltaic power production (RPV) offer sustainable solutions for the food–energy nexus in cities but compete for limited rooftop space. Here we explore the potential benefits (productivity, economic and environmental) and allocation strategy of RA and RPV across 13 million buildings in 124 Chinese cities, considering urban characteristics and regional productivity. We found that RA yields superior economic benefits, while RPV excels in greenhouse gas emission reductions. Prioritizing either RA or RPV can only retain 0–29% of the above benefits brought by the other. However, allocating 61% of the flat rooftop area to RA and all the remaining (including pitched rooftops) to RPV would retain >50% of their potential, meeting 15% (mean, 0.5–99% across cities) of urban vegetable needs and 5% (0.5–27% across cities) of the electricity needs. While the productivity from RA and RPV have significant environmental and socioeconomic benefits, they require considerable water (up to 15% of urban residential water use) and materials (for example, totaling 13 kt silver). This study proposes that the optimal allocation of roof area for rooftop agriculture and photovoltaics is 61% of the flat rooftop area to the former and the rest for the latter. However, maintaining this productivity requires considerable water use and materials.","PeriodicalId":501700,"journal":{"name":"Nature Cities","volume":"1 11","pages":"741-750"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142525695","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-13DOI: 10.1038/s44284-024-00121-w
Claudia V. Diezmartínez, Benjamin K. Sovacool, Anne G. Short Gianotti
Cities are moving toward the implementation of more just urban climate actions, but the politics and processes of operationalizing climate justice in practice remain understudied. Here we examine the implementation of climate justice through Boston’s Building Emissions Reduction and Disclosure Ordinance (BERDO), a landmark Building Performance Standard that reflects a transformative shift towards carbon neutrality in cities. We utilize a rich mixed-methods research design that is rooted in 5 months of participant observation within the City of Boston’s Environment Department, 20 expert interviews and a systematic content analysis of hundreds of policy documents. We find that implementing BERDO entails political contestation over differing conceptions of resistance and power relations around climate justice. Justice becomes subject to scope and scale discrepancies, the processes of bureaucratization and even weaponization. In documenting these tensions, we provide insights into the complex challenges that cities may face as they begin to operationalize climate justice on the ground. City governments are moving to integrate justice and equity concerns into climate action. Diezmartínez et al. demonstrate that contestations about the politics of climate justice were central during the first 2 years of implementation for a Boston building decarbonization policy, highlighting important challenges in translating climate justice into practice. Nature Cities is proud that this robust work is our first fully qualitative methods study.
{"title":"Operationalizing climate justice in the implementation of Boston’s Building Performance Standard","authors":"Claudia V. Diezmartínez, Benjamin K. Sovacool, Anne G. Short Gianotti","doi":"10.1038/s44284-024-00121-w","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44284-024-00121-w","url":null,"abstract":"Cities are moving toward the implementation of more just urban climate actions, but the politics and processes of operationalizing climate justice in practice remain understudied. Here we examine the implementation of climate justice through Boston’s Building Emissions Reduction and Disclosure Ordinance (BERDO), a landmark Building Performance Standard that reflects a transformative shift towards carbon neutrality in cities. We utilize a rich mixed-methods research design that is rooted in 5 months of participant observation within the City of Boston’s Environment Department, 20 expert interviews and a systematic content analysis of hundreds of policy documents. We find that implementing BERDO entails political contestation over differing conceptions of resistance and power relations around climate justice. Justice becomes subject to scope and scale discrepancies, the processes of bureaucratization and even weaponization. In documenting these tensions, we provide insights into the complex challenges that cities may face as they begin to operationalize climate justice on the ground. City governments are moving to integrate justice and equity concerns into climate action. Diezmartínez et al. demonstrate that contestations about the politics of climate justice were central during the first 2 years of implementation for a Boston building decarbonization policy, highlighting important challenges in translating climate justice into practice. Nature Cities is proud that this robust work is our first fully qualitative methods study.","PeriodicalId":501700,"journal":{"name":"Nature Cities","volume":"1 10","pages":"665-676"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142328580","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-13DOI: 10.1038/s44284-024-00129-2
Claudia V. Diezmartínez, Benjamin K. Sovacool, Anne G. Short Gianotti
Boston’s Building Emissions Reduction and Disclosure Ordinance (BERDO) provides an early example of how contestations around climate justice are already shaping cities’ implementation of climate action on the ground. As a landmark in equitable implementation efforts, BERDO highlights important challenges in putting climate justice into practice, including working within a program’s scope and scale constraints, translating justice goals into bureaucratic processes, and managing the potential weaponization of justice claims.
{"title":"Implementing climate justice in Boston’s Building Performance Standard","authors":"Claudia V. Diezmartínez, Benjamin K. Sovacool, Anne G. Short Gianotti","doi":"10.1038/s44284-024-00129-2","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44284-024-00129-2","url":null,"abstract":"Boston’s Building Emissions Reduction and Disclosure Ordinance (BERDO) provides an early example of how contestations around climate justice are already shaping cities’ implementation of climate action on the ground. As a landmark in equitable implementation efforts, BERDO highlights important challenges in putting climate justice into practice, including working within a program’s scope and scale constraints, translating justice goals into bureaucratic processes, and managing the potential weaponization of justice claims.","PeriodicalId":501700,"journal":{"name":"Nature Cities","volume":"1 10","pages":"628-630"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142328550","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-13DOI: 10.1038/s44284-024-00130-9
Tanesha A. Thomas
Cities are grappling with climate change. A study examines the mechanisms of climate justice policy in Boston, Massachusetts, including efforts to incorporate various definitions of justice into urban climate policy.
{"title":"Building justice in Boston","authors":"Tanesha A. Thomas","doi":"10.1038/s44284-024-00130-9","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44284-024-00130-9","url":null,"abstract":"Cities are grappling with climate change. A study examines the mechanisms of climate justice policy in Boston, Massachusetts, including efforts to incorporate various definitions of justice into urban climate policy.","PeriodicalId":501700,"journal":{"name":"Nature Cities","volume":"1 10","pages":"624-625"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142328572","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-11DOI: 10.1038/s44284-024-00126-5
Andrew J. Fairbairn, Sebastian T. Meyer, Maximilian Mühlbauer, Kirsten Jung, Beate Apfelbeck, Katherine Berthon, Andrea Frank, Lea Guthmann, Jana Jokisch, Kristel Kerler, Nina Müller, Christina Obster, Michaela Unterbichler, Johanna Webersberger, Juliane Matejka, Paul Depner, Wolfgang W. Weisser
Cities are designed primarily for the benefit of humans but also provide habitat for other species. However, understanding how different components of urban vegetation and other features of urban spaces enable different species or species groups to live in the city remains limited. Here we show that, for the City of Munich, designed features of public urban squares strongly determine the occurrence of different species groups. While taxon richness and abundance increased with increasing ‘greenness’ of the square, different taxa responded to different square features, such as the proportion of lawn, the volume of shrubs and the density of trees, as well as the number of people or pets on these squares. Our results highlight that urban design for human needs affects other species that may cohabit these spaces. Consequently, planning strategies for biodiverse cities that aim to enhance human–nature interactions need to be multifaceted, considering the needs of humans and other taxa to create diverse living cities. The iconic image of ‘the public square’ typifies many cities in Europe and elsewhere, but they transcend spaces for socializing and public deliberation. Focusing on Munich, this study analyzes whether and how design features of public urban squares affect the broader biodiversity living there, finding that greenness matters but that different taxa respond differently to design elements.
{"title":"Urban biodiversity is affected by human-designed features of public squares","authors":"Andrew J. Fairbairn, Sebastian T. Meyer, Maximilian Mühlbauer, Kirsten Jung, Beate Apfelbeck, Katherine Berthon, Andrea Frank, Lea Guthmann, Jana Jokisch, Kristel Kerler, Nina Müller, Christina Obster, Michaela Unterbichler, Johanna Webersberger, Juliane Matejka, Paul Depner, Wolfgang W. Weisser","doi":"10.1038/s44284-024-00126-5","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44284-024-00126-5","url":null,"abstract":"Cities are designed primarily for the benefit of humans but also provide habitat for other species. However, understanding how different components of urban vegetation and other features of urban spaces enable different species or species groups to live in the city remains limited. Here we show that, for the City of Munich, designed features of public urban squares strongly determine the occurrence of different species groups. While taxon richness and abundance increased with increasing ‘greenness’ of the square, different taxa responded to different square features, such as the proportion of lawn, the volume of shrubs and the density of trees, as well as the number of people or pets on these squares. Our results highlight that urban design for human needs affects other species that may cohabit these spaces. Consequently, planning strategies for biodiverse cities that aim to enhance human–nature interactions need to be multifaceted, considering the needs of humans and other taxa to create diverse living cities. The iconic image of ‘the public square’ typifies many cities in Europe and elsewhere, but they transcend spaces for socializing and public deliberation. Focusing on Munich, this study analyzes whether and how design features of public urban squares affect the broader biodiversity living there, finding that greenness matters but that different taxa respond differently to design elements.","PeriodicalId":501700,"journal":{"name":"Nature Cities","volume":"1 10","pages":"706-715"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s44284-024-00126-5.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142328600","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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