Pub Date : 2024-08-28DOI: 10.1038/s44284-024-00115-8
Chenxi Lu, Yingjian Huang, Ying Yu, Jiawei Hu, Huibin Mo, Yun Li, Da Huo, Xuanren Song, Xiaoting Huang, Yun Sun, Kai Liu, Shaohui Zhang, Karyn Morrissey, Jinpyo Hong, Zhu Deng, Zhuanjia Du, Felix Creutzig, Zhu Liu
Post-pandemic green recovery is pivotal in achieving global sustainable development goals by simultaneously revitalizing economies and reducing greenhouse gas emissions, air pollution and improving public welfare. However, subnational and city-level understanding of green recovery, its efficacy and its alignment with public health is poorly understood. Here we focus on post-COVID-19 low-carbon recovery—economic growth combined with reduced carbon emissions—and explore health co-benefits in Chinese cities. A novel near-real-time daily carbon emission dataset of 48 cities in China is developed, coupled with detailed health and economic municipal statistics and models. We find that, on average, six low-carbon-recovery cities, mainly megacities, saved 1.2 times as many lives per 100,000 population compared with the 42 other cities, and their annual monetary avoided premature deaths per 100,000 population was 1.5 times more than the 42 other cities. The accumulated monetary health co-benefits for low-carbon-recovery cities were US$ 4.2 billion (95% confidence interval, 2.1–6.3) during the post-COVID-19 period. We show that government spending on electric vehicles increases the likelihood of achieving low-carbon recovery in Chinese cities. Our results underscore the significant health co-benefits of low-carbon recovery, pointing to synergies between advancing local welfare and global environmental objectives. Using near-real-time daily carbon emission datasets from 48 cities in China, this paper explores post-COVID-19 during which Chinese cities experienced economic growth and reduced greenhouse gas emissions—a low-carbon recovery. Six low-carbon-recovery cities (mainly megacities) saved, on average, 1.2 times as many lives per 100,000 population than the 42 other cities.
{"title":"Health co-benefits of post-COVID-19 low-carbon recovery in Chinese cities","authors":"Chenxi Lu, Yingjian Huang, Ying Yu, Jiawei Hu, Huibin Mo, Yun Li, Da Huo, Xuanren Song, Xiaoting Huang, Yun Sun, Kai Liu, Shaohui Zhang, Karyn Morrissey, Jinpyo Hong, Zhu Deng, Zhuanjia Du, Felix Creutzig, Zhu Liu","doi":"10.1038/s44284-024-00115-8","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44284-024-00115-8","url":null,"abstract":"Post-pandemic green recovery is pivotal in achieving global sustainable development goals by simultaneously revitalizing economies and reducing greenhouse gas emissions, air pollution and improving public welfare. However, subnational and city-level understanding of green recovery, its efficacy and its alignment with public health is poorly understood. Here we focus on post-COVID-19 low-carbon recovery—economic growth combined with reduced carbon emissions—and explore health co-benefits in Chinese cities. A novel near-real-time daily carbon emission dataset of 48 cities in China is developed, coupled with detailed health and economic municipal statistics and models. We find that, on average, six low-carbon-recovery cities, mainly megacities, saved 1.2 times as many lives per 100,000 population compared with the 42 other cities, and their annual monetary avoided premature deaths per 100,000 population was 1.5 times more than the 42 other cities. The accumulated monetary health co-benefits for low-carbon-recovery cities were US$ 4.2 billion (95% confidence interval, 2.1–6.3) during the post-COVID-19 period. We show that government spending on electric vehicles increases the likelihood of achieving low-carbon recovery in Chinese cities. Our results underscore the significant health co-benefits of low-carbon recovery, pointing to synergies between advancing local welfare and global environmental objectives. Using near-real-time daily carbon emission datasets from 48 cities in China, this paper explores post-COVID-19 during which Chinese cities experienced economic growth and reduced greenhouse gas emissions—a low-carbon recovery. Six low-carbon-recovery cities (mainly megacities) saved, on average, 1.2 times as many lives per 100,000 population than the 42 other cities.","PeriodicalId":501700,"journal":{"name":"Nature Cities","volume":"1 10","pages":"695-705"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142328595","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-27DOI: 10.1038/s44284-024-00117-6
Abdulaziz I. Almulhim, Ayyoob Sharifi, Yusuf A. Aina, Shakil Ahmad, Luca Mora, Walter Leal Filho, Ismaila Rimi Abubakar
The Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 11 underscores the imperative of creating inclusive, safe, resilient and sustainable cities and communities by 2030. Here we employ bibliometric techniques to assess the evolving landscape of SDG11 research. Using a comprehensive dataset of over 21,000 scholarly publications, we investigate publication trends, thematic focus areas, authorship patterns, keyword co-occurrences and citation networks related to SDG11 research. The results reveal a consistent increase in research output, reflecting the growing global interest in urban sustainability studies. We identify influential authors, organizations and countries shaping the research landscape, highlighting existing global collaborative networks and emerging research hubs. Core thematic areas emphasize critical topics and interdisciplinary connections. Citation networks underscore the impacts of disseminating research outputs, including seminal works. This study offers insights for policymakers, academics and practitioners to align their collective efforts toward sustainable, inclusive and climate-resilient urban development. Moreover, it advances SDG11 by noting opportunities for further research, knowledge dissemination and international collaboration. Using bibliometric techniques, this Article assesses the evolving landscape of Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 11 research, highlighting publication trends, thematic focus areas, authorship patterns, keyword co-occurrences and citation networks.
{"title":"Charting sustainable urban development through a systematic review of SDG11 research","authors":"Abdulaziz I. Almulhim, Ayyoob Sharifi, Yusuf A. Aina, Shakil Ahmad, Luca Mora, Walter Leal Filho, Ismaila Rimi Abubakar","doi":"10.1038/s44284-024-00117-6","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44284-024-00117-6","url":null,"abstract":"The Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 11 underscores the imperative of creating inclusive, safe, resilient and sustainable cities and communities by 2030. Here we employ bibliometric techniques to assess the evolving landscape of SDG11 research. Using a comprehensive dataset of over 21,000 scholarly publications, we investigate publication trends, thematic focus areas, authorship patterns, keyword co-occurrences and citation networks related to SDG11 research. The results reveal a consistent increase in research output, reflecting the growing global interest in urban sustainability studies. We identify influential authors, organizations and countries shaping the research landscape, highlighting existing global collaborative networks and emerging research hubs. Core thematic areas emphasize critical topics and interdisciplinary connections. Citation networks underscore the impacts of disseminating research outputs, including seminal works. This study offers insights for policymakers, academics and practitioners to align their collective efforts toward sustainable, inclusive and climate-resilient urban development. Moreover, it advances SDG11 by noting opportunities for further research, knowledge dissemination and international collaboration. Using bibliometric techniques, this Article assesses the evolving landscape of Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 11 research, highlighting publication trends, thematic focus areas, authorship patterns, keyword co-occurrences and citation networks.","PeriodicalId":501700,"journal":{"name":"Nature Cities","volume":"1 10","pages":"677-685"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s44284-024-00117-6.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142328583","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-27DOI: 10.1038/s44284-024-00116-7
Vinh Ngoc Tran, Valeriy Y. Ivanov, Weichen Huang, Kevin Murphy, Fariborz Daneshvar, Jeff H. Bednar, G. Aaron Alexander, Jongho Kim, Daniel B. Wright
Urban flooding is intensifying worldwide, presenting growing challenges to urban communities. We posit that most of the flood management solutions currently employed are local in nature and fail to account for ways in which the space–time connectivity of floods is exacerbated by built infrastructure. We examine the 2014 flood in Southeast Michigan to identify key factors contributing to urban flooding and explore the implications of design choices on inundation. Findings reveal that stormwater infrastructure that neglects flood spatial connectivity can be ineffective in mitigating floods, leading to inundation even in the absence of local rainfall. Different configurations of network connections—including interfaces with natural channels—can significantly impact upstream surcharge, overflowing manholes and inundation conditions. These results emphasize the need to consider interconnectedness of flood processes in urban watershed systems to mitigate limitations inherent in the design of flood control and warning systems, to enhance urban flood resilience. Flood management solutions are typically local and do not consider how the space–time connectivity of floods is exacerbated by built infrastructure. Through a case study of the 2014 flood in Southeast Michigan, which flooded where there was no rainfall, this Article examines key factors contributing to urban flooding and the implications of design choices on inundation.
{"title":"Connectivity in urbanscapes can cause unintended flood impacts from stormwater systems","authors":"Vinh Ngoc Tran, Valeriy Y. Ivanov, Weichen Huang, Kevin Murphy, Fariborz Daneshvar, Jeff H. Bednar, G. Aaron Alexander, Jongho Kim, Daniel B. Wright","doi":"10.1038/s44284-024-00116-7","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44284-024-00116-7","url":null,"abstract":"Urban flooding is intensifying worldwide, presenting growing challenges to urban communities. We posit that most of the flood management solutions currently employed are local in nature and fail to account for ways in which the space–time connectivity of floods is exacerbated by built infrastructure. We examine the 2014 flood in Southeast Michigan to identify key factors contributing to urban flooding and explore the implications of design choices on inundation. Findings reveal that stormwater infrastructure that neglects flood spatial connectivity can be ineffective in mitigating floods, leading to inundation even in the absence of local rainfall. Different configurations of network connections—including interfaces with natural channels—can significantly impact upstream surcharge, overflowing manholes and inundation conditions. These results emphasize the need to consider interconnectedness of flood processes in urban watershed systems to mitigate limitations inherent in the design of flood control and warning systems, to enhance urban flood resilience. Flood management solutions are typically local and do not consider how the space–time connectivity of floods is exacerbated by built infrastructure. Through a case study of the 2014 flood in Southeast Michigan, which flooded where there was no rainfall, this Article examines key factors contributing to urban flooding and the implications of design choices on inundation.","PeriodicalId":501700,"journal":{"name":"Nature Cities","volume":"1 10","pages":"654-664"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142328593","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-26DOI: 10.1038/s44284-024-00106-9
Mia Wannewitz, Idowu Ajibade, Katharine J. Mach, Alexandre Magnan, Jan Petzold, Diana Reckien, Nicola Ulibarri, Armen Agopian, Vasiliki I. Chalastani, Tom Hawxwell, Lam T. M. Huynh, Christine J. Kirchhoff, Rebecca Miller, Justice Issah Musah-Surugu, Gabriela Nagle Alverio, Miriam Nielsen, Abraham Marshall Nunbogu, Brian Pentz, Andrea Reimuth, Giulia Scarpa, Nadia Seeteram, Ivan Villaverde Canosa, Jingyao Zhou, The Global Adaptation Mapping Initiative Team, Matthias Garschagen
Coastal cities are at the frontlines of climate change impacts, resulting in an urgent need for substantial adaptation. To understand whether, and to what extent, cities are on track to prepare for climate risks, this paper systematically assesses the academic literature to evaluate evidence on climate change adaptation in 199 coastal cities worldwide. Results show that adaptation in coastal cities is rather slow, of narrow scope and not transformative. Adaptation measures are predominantly designed based on past and current—rather than future—patterns in hazards, exposure and vulnerability. City governments, particularly in high-income countries, are more likely to implement institutional and infrastructural responses, whereas coastal cities in lower-middle-income countries often rely on households to implement behavioral adaptation. There is comparatively little published knowledge on coastal urban adaptation in low- and middle-income countries, and regarding particular adaptation types such as ecosystem-based adaptation. These insights make an important contribution for tracking adaptation progress globally and help to identify entry points for improving adaptation of coastal cities in the future. This study performs a systematic review of empirical evidence for climate change adaptation in coastal cities around the world. It found that reported adaptation is mostly slow, narrow, and not transformative as coastal cities predominantly focus their adaptation on past and current challenges, and not future scenarios of risk.
{"title":"Progress and gaps in climate change adaptation in coastal cities across the globe","authors":"Mia Wannewitz, Idowu Ajibade, Katharine J. Mach, Alexandre Magnan, Jan Petzold, Diana Reckien, Nicola Ulibarri, Armen Agopian, Vasiliki I. Chalastani, Tom Hawxwell, Lam T. M. Huynh, Christine J. Kirchhoff, Rebecca Miller, Justice Issah Musah-Surugu, Gabriela Nagle Alverio, Miriam Nielsen, Abraham Marshall Nunbogu, Brian Pentz, Andrea Reimuth, Giulia Scarpa, Nadia Seeteram, Ivan Villaverde Canosa, Jingyao Zhou, The Global Adaptation Mapping Initiative Team, Matthias Garschagen","doi":"10.1038/s44284-024-00106-9","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44284-024-00106-9","url":null,"abstract":"Coastal cities are at the frontlines of climate change impacts, resulting in an urgent need for substantial adaptation. To understand whether, and to what extent, cities are on track to prepare for climate risks, this paper systematically assesses the academic literature to evaluate evidence on climate change adaptation in 199 coastal cities worldwide. Results show that adaptation in coastal cities is rather slow, of narrow scope and not transformative. Adaptation measures are predominantly designed based on past and current—rather than future—patterns in hazards, exposure and vulnerability. City governments, particularly in high-income countries, are more likely to implement institutional and infrastructural responses, whereas coastal cities in lower-middle-income countries often rely on households to implement behavioral adaptation. There is comparatively little published knowledge on coastal urban adaptation in low- and middle-income countries, and regarding particular adaptation types such as ecosystem-based adaptation. These insights make an important contribution for tracking adaptation progress globally and help to identify entry points for improving adaptation of coastal cities in the future. This study performs a systematic review of empirical evidence for climate change adaptation in coastal cities around the world. It found that reported adaptation is mostly slow, narrow, and not transformative as coastal cities predominantly focus their adaptation on past and current challenges, and not future scenarios of risk.","PeriodicalId":501700,"journal":{"name":"Nature Cities","volume":"1 9","pages":"610-619"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s44284-024-00106-9.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142091167","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-22DOI: 10.1038/s44284-024-00110-z
Our research explores how urban slum dwelling affects clinical markers in patients in their first episode of psychosis in São Paulo, Brazil. Results show slum living correlates with a higher psychosis severity (particularly disorganization and negative symptoms), which highlights the influence of social exclusion on psychosis presentation.
{"title":"Urban slum living worsens psychosis presentation","authors":"","doi":"10.1038/s44284-024-00110-z","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44284-024-00110-z","url":null,"abstract":"Our research explores how urban slum dwelling affects clinical markers in patients in their first episode of psychosis in São Paulo, Brazil. Results show slum living correlates with a higher psychosis severity (particularly disorganization and negative symptoms), which highlights the influence of social exclusion on psychosis presentation.","PeriodicalId":501700,"journal":{"name":"Nature Cities","volume":"1 9","pages":"545-546"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142091194","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-16DOI: 10.1038/s44284-024-00103-y
Nicholas S. Caros, Jinhua Zhao
The unexpectedly rapid rise of remote work in recent years has presented a major challenge for cities across the globe. Evidence-based urban policies are needed to harness the many benefits of widespread remote work while mitigating negative externalities. Existing remote work research, although providing a range of valuable and interesting findings, can be challenging to translate into urban policy due to a discipline-specific focus or conflicting results from seemingly similar studies. We propose a new conceptual approach to remote work research that promotes deeper collaboration across disciplines to inform robust and comprehensive remote work policy. Cities worldwide are grappling with the rise of remote work, especially after the COVID-19 pandemic. This Perspective argues that research on remote work is siloed and suggests a coherent approach for interdisciplinary engagement to improve evidence-based policy.
{"title":"The need for an interdisciplinary approach to remote work and urban policy","authors":"Nicholas S. Caros, Jinhua Zhao","doi":"10.1038/s44284-024-00103-y","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44284-024-00103-y","url":null,"abstract":"The unexpectedly rapid rise of remote work in recent years has presented a major challenge for cities across the globe. Evidence-based urban policies are needed to harness the many benefits of widespread remote work while mitigating negative externalities. Existing remote work research, although providing a range of valuable and interesting findings, can be challenging to translate into urban policy due to a discipline-specific focus or conflicting results from seemingly similar studies. We propose a new conceptual approach to remote work research that promotes deeper collaboration across disciplines to inform robust and comprehensive remote work policy. Cities worldwide are grappling with the rise of remote work, especially after the COVID-19 pandemic. This Perspective argues that research on remote work is siloed and suggests a coherent approach for interdisciplinary engagement to improve evidence-based policy.","PeriodicalId":501700,"journal":{"name":"Nature Cities","volume":"1 9","pages":"547-554"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142091206","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-16DOI: 10.1038/s44284-024-00109-6
Fernando Malinowski, Carolina Ziebold, Cristiano Noto, Daniel Cavalcante, Síntia Belangero, Rodrigo Bressan, Ary Gadelha
The impact of social exclusion on psychosis is poorly understood. This study explores how slum living affects some clinical markers of patients in the first episode of psychosis. We hypothesized that living in a slum would lead to a longer duration of untreated psychosis and greater initial psychosis severity, as measured by the positive and negative syndrome scale. To test this hypothesis, we studied—in São Paulo, Brazil—a sample of 190 antipsychotic-naive patients in the first episode of psychosis. Living in a slum area was positively correlated with a higher initial positive and negative syndrome scale total score (p = 0.029, B = 9.882) and severity of negative (p = 0.044, B = 1.906) and disorganization (p = 0.032, B = 2.474) symptoms. We also found statistically significant associations between lower income and educational levels and higher positive and negative syndrome scale and between longer duration of untreated psychosis and brown or Black races. Our main findings reinforce the broader idea that social exclusion impacts core psychotic disorders’ clinical features. Psychosis severity was analyzed during the first episode of psychosis in São Paulo by place of residence (in slums), age, sex and race. A positive correlation was found between people with high positive and negative syndrome scale scores (a measure of psychosis severity) and high negative and disorganization symptoms.
{"title":"Slum living predicts psychosis severity in first-episode patients","authors":"Fernando Malinowski, Carolina Ziebold, Cristiano Noto, Daniel Cavalcante, Síntia Belangero, Rodrigo Bressan, Ary Gadelha","doi":"10.1038/s44284-024-00109-6","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44284-024-00109-6","url":null,"abstract":"The impact of social exclusion on psychosis is poorly understood. This study explores how slum living affects some clinical markers of patients in the first episode of psychosis. We hypothesized that living in a slum would lead to a longer duration of untreated psychosis and greater initial psychosis severity, as measured by the positive and negative syndrome scale. To test this hypothesis, we studied—in São Paulo, Brazil—a sample of 190 antipsychotic-naive patients in the first episode of psychosis. Living in a slum area was positively correlated with a higher initial positive and negative syndrome scale total score (p = 0.029, B = 9.882) and severity of negative (p = 0.044, B = 1.906) and disorganization (p = 0.032, B = 2.474) symptoms. We also found statistically significant associations between lower income and educational levels and higher positive and negative syndrome scale and between longer duration of untreated psychosis and brown or Black races. Our main findings reinforce the broader idea that social exclusion impacts core psychotic disorders’ clinical features. Psychosis severity was analyzed during the first episode of psychosis in São Paulo by place of residence (in slums), age, sex and race. A positive correlation was found between people with high positive and negative syndrome scale scores (a measure of psychosis severity) and high negative and disorganization symptoms.","PeriodicalId":501700,"journal":{"name":"Nature Cities","volume":"1 9","pages":"576-586"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142091219","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-14DOI: 10.1038/s44284-024-00107-8
Rodrigo Costa, Edward Bolte, Colleen Sharp, Corinne Bowers
Presidential major disaster declarations (PDs) are a key factor in determining the availability of federal grants and low-interest loans to support housing recovery in the United States. However, PDs are only issued after large disasters. After a disaster that does not trigger a PD, uninsured, lower-income households may be forced into debt to cover home repair costs. In the long term, paying off this debt reduces households’ consumption, creating recovery challenges and impacts on the local economy. This study develops a methodology to evaluate long-term disaster impacts and uses it to investigate how PDs influence recovery. We present a case study using the city of East Palo Alto in California and demonstrate how PDs affect disaster outcomes under multiple flood hazard scenarios. Results show that a 20-year return period flood without a PD may lead to greater long-term losses than a 100-year return period flood accompanied by a PD and that issuing a PD can reduce long-term consumption losses for lower-income households by more than 50%. These results highlight that cities must adapt to dealing with repeated, localized flooding events that federal aid will not support. This study used the case of East Palo Alto in California, USA, to test a model that shows the impacts of presidential disaster declarations under different flood scenarios. It found that issuing a presidential disaster declaration can reduce long-term consumption losses for lower-income households by more than 50% and greatly reduce the disparity in consumption loss between low-income and high-income households.
{"title":"Repeated and localized flooding is an underestimated challenge for urban disaster risk management","authors":"Rodrigo Costa, Edward Bolte, Colleen Sharp, Corinne Bowers","doi":"10.1038/s44284-024-00107-8","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44284-024-00107-8","url":null,"abstract":"Presidential major disaster declarations (PDs) are a key factor in determining the availability of federal grants and low-interest loans to support housing recovery in the United States. However, PDs are only issued after large disasters. After a disaster that does not trigger a PD, uninsured, lower-income households may be forced into debt to cover home repair costs. In the long term, paying off this debt reduces households’ consumption, creating recovery challenges and impacts on the local economy. This study develops a methodology to evaluate long-term disaster impacts and uses it to investigate how PDs influence recovery. We present a case study using the city of East Palo Alto in California and demonstrate how PDs affect disaster outcomes under multiple flood hazard scenarios. Results show that a 20-year return period flood without a PD may lead to greater long-term losses than a 100-year return period flood accompanied by a PD and that issuing a PD can reduce long-term consumption losses for lower-income households by more than 50%. These results highlight that cities must adapt to dealing with repeated, localized flooding events that federal aid will not support. This study used the case of East Palo Alto in California, USA, to test a model that shows the impacts of presidential disaster declarations under different flood scenarios. It found that issuing a presidential disaster declaration can reduce long-term consumption losses for lower-income households by more than 50% and greatly reduce the disparity in consumption loss between low-income and high-income households.","PeriodicalId":501700,"journal":{"name":"Nature Cities","volume":"1 9","pages":"587-596"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142091229","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-09DOI: 10.1038/s44284-024-00108-7
Julie Gravier, Marc Barthelemy
Contemporary literature on the dynamics of economic activities in growing cities has mainly focused on time frames of a few years or decades. Using a new geohistorical database constructed from historical directories with about 1 million entries, we present a comprehensive analysis of the dynamics of activities in a major city, Paris, over almost a century (1829–1907). Our analysis suggests that activities that accompany city growth can be classified in different categories according to their dynamics and their scaling with population: (1) linear for everyday needs of residents (food stores, clothing retailers, health care practitioners), (2) sublinear for public services (legal, administrative, educational) and (3) superlinear for the city’s specific features (passing fads, specialization, timely needs). The dynamics of these activities is in addition very sensitive to historical perturbations such as large-scale public works or political conflicts. These results shed light on the evolution of activities, a crucial component of growing cities. Relationships among variables such as innovation and crime and the population sizes of cities are a cornerstone of urban science. This study creatively looks over time at how economic activities evolved as a single, iconic city, Paris, grew between 1829 and 1907.
{"title":"A typology of activities over a century of urban growth","authors":"Julie Gravier, Marc Barthelemy","doi":"10.1038/s44284-024-00108-7","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44284-024-00108-7","url":null,"abstract":"Contemporary literature on the dynamics of economic activities in growing cities has mainly focused on time frames of a few years or decades. Using a new geohistorical database constructed from historical directories with about 1 million entries, we present a comprehensive analysis of the dynamics of activities in a major city, Paris, over almost a century (1829–1907). Our analysis suggests that activities that accompany city growth can be classified in different categories according to their dynamics and their scaling with population: (1) linear for everyday needs of residents (food stores, clothing retailers, health care practitioners), (2) sublinear for public services (legal, administrative, educational) and (3) superlinear for the city’s specific features (passing fads, specialization, timely needs). The dynamics of these activities is in addition very sensitive to historical perturbations such as large-scale public works or political conflicts. These results shed light on the evolution of activities, a crucial component of growing cities. Relationships among variables such as innovation and crime and the population sizes of cities are a cornerstone of urban science. This study creatively looks over time at how economic activities evolved as a single, iconic city, Paris, grew between 1829 and 1907.","PeriodicalId":501700,"journal":{"name":"Nature Cities","volume":"1 9","pages":"567-575"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141925267","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-09DOI: 10.1038/s44284-024-00113-w
In the current period of rapid urbanization, nearly 40% of global cities exhibit exacerbated extreme drought due to the warmer and drier urban environment. Furthermore, more than half of global urban regions are projected to experience increasing challenges from extreme drought by 2050.
{"title":"Urbanization exacerbates extreme drought in almost half of cities worldwide","authors":"","doi":"10.1038/s44284-024-00113-w","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44284-024-00113-w","url":null,"abstract":"In the current period of rapid urbanization, nearly 40% of global cities exhibit exacerbated extreme drought due to the warmer and drier urban environment. Furthermore, more than half of global urban regions are projected to experience increasing challenges from extreme drought by 2050.","PeriodicalId":501700,"journal":{"name":"Nature Cities","volume":"1 9","pages":"543-544"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141921735","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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