Pub Date : 2025-04-28DOI: 10.1038/s44287-025-00167-5
Anna Grzelec, Christina Mauléon
Ungendering engineering is necessary to break the tight connection between masculinity and engineering and make it a more inclusive profession. To attract more women to engineering, the gendered stereotypes attached to engineering must change.
{"title":"Ungendering engineering to solve the engineering crisis","authors":"Anna Grzelec, Christina Mauléon","doi":"10.1038/s44287-025-00167-5","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44287-025-00167-5","url":null,"abstract":"Ungendering engineering is necessary to break the tight connection between masculinity and engineering and make it a more inclusive profession. To attract more women to engineering, the gendered stereotypes attached to engineering must change.","PeriodicalId":501701,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Electrical Engineering","volume":"2 5","pages":"293-294"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145123146","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-04-23DOI: 10.1038/s44287-025-00163-9
Ziqing Zhu, Siqi Bu, Ka Wing Chan, Fangxing Li, Yujian Ye, Chi Yung Chung, Goran Strbac
The global transition to renewable energy is crucial for mitigating climate change, but the increasing penetration of renewable sources introduces challenges such as uncertainty and intermittency. The electricity market plays a vital role in encouraging renewable generation while ensuring operational security and grid stability. This Review examines the optimization of market design for power systems with high renewable penetration. We explore recent innovations in renewable-dominated electricity market designs, summarizing key research questions and strategies. Special focus is given to multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) for market simulations, its performance and real-world applicability. We also review performance evaluation metrics and present a case study from the Horizon 2020 TradeRES project, exploring European electricity market design under 100% renewable penetration. Finally, we discuss unresolved issues and future research directions. This Review examines the optimization of electricity market design to support high renewable penetration, focusing on multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) for market simulations, performance evaluation and future research directions, with a case study on European market design under 100% renewable penetration.
{"title":"Designing the future electricity spot market with high renewables via reliable simulations","authors":"Ziqing Zhu, Siqi Bu, Ka Wing Chan, Fangxing Li, Yujian Ye, Chi Yung Chung, Goran Strbac","doi":"10.1038/s44287-025-00163-9","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44287-025-00163-9","url":null,"abstract":"The global transition to renewable energy is crucial for mitigating climate change, but the increasing penetration of renewable sources introduces challenges such as uncertainty and intermittency. The electricity market plays a vital role in encouraging renewable generation while ensuring operational security and grid stability. This Review examines the optimization of market design for power systems with high renewable penetration. We explore recent innovations in renewable-dominated electricity market designs, summarizing key research questions and strategies. Special focus is given to multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) for market simulations, its performance and real-world applicability. We also review performance evaluation metrics and present a case study from the Horizon 2020 TradeRES project, exploring European electricity market design under 100% renewable penetration. Finally, we discuss unresolved issues and future research directions. This Review examines the optimization of electricity market design to support high renewable penetration, focusing on multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) for market simulations, performance evaluation and future research directions, with a case study on European market design under 100% renewable penetration.","PeriodicalId":501701,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Electrical Engineering","volume":"2 5","pages":"320-337"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145123170","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Aerial robots, capable of autonomous flight and task execution, are increasingly applied in photography, geo-mapping, surveillance, agriculture and logistics fields. As these technologies evolve, the need for robust, reliable and self-sustaining aerial robots (SSARs) with extended endurance and range becomes more urgent. Integrating energy-harvesting technologies in aerial robots is essential to enable self-sufficiency by using environmental energy sources. The analysis of the design principles of aerial robots and the exploration of energy utilization models from nature that offer symbiotic energy design concepts are essential for creating compact, versatile and efficient SSARs. Here, we discuss the emerging paradigm of environmental energy-harvesting and storage technologies and construct system-level energy matching and analyse flight energy-saving technologies guided by symbiotic energy principles, such as self-sensing, advanced drives, dynamic soaring and swarm intelligence. We also address technical challenges in the evaluation, design and development processes and discuss future directions considering interdisciplinary research in artificial intelligence and advanced materials. Central to this Review is an emphasis on a symbiotic energy design paradigm that integrates bionics, multifunctionality and integration in developing SSARs. Symbiotic energy paradigm for self-sustaining aerial robots includes multifunctional integration strategies and energy-saving mechanisms inspired by natural flyers. This Review outlines design principles, technological solutions, technical challenges and future directions of the application of the symbiotic energy paradigm to aerial robots.
{"title":"Symbiotic energy paradigm for self-sustaining aerial robots","authors":"Hao Wang, Lingji Kong, Zheng Fang, Rui Zou, Zutao Zhang, Xinyi Zhao, Qianqian Zong, Zhongqu Xie","doi":"10.1038/s44287-025-00168-4","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44287-025-00168-4","url":null,"abstract":"Aerial robots, capable of autonomous flight and task execution, are increasingly applied in photography, geo-mapping, surveillance, agriculture and logistics fields. As these technologies evolve, the need for robust, reliable and self-sustaining aerial robots (SSARs) with extended endurance and range becomes more urgent. Integrating energy-harvesting technologies in aerial robots is essential to enable self-sufficiency by using environmental energy sources. The analysis of the design principles of aerial robots and the exploration of energy utilization models from nature that offer symbiotic energy design concepts are essential for creating compact, versatile and efficient SSARs. Here, we discuss the emerging paradigm of environmental energy-harvesting and storage technologies and construct system-level energy matching and analyse flight energy-saving technologies guided by symbiotic energy principles, such as self-sensing, advanced drives, dynamic soaring and swarm intelligence. We also address technical challenges in the evaluation, design and development processes and discuss future directions considering interdisciplinary research in artificial intelligence and advanced materials. Central to this Review is an emphasis on a symbiotic energy design paradigm that integrates bionics, multifunctionality and integration in developing SSARs. Symbiotic energy paradigm for self-sustaining aerial robots includes multifunctional integration strategies and energy-saving mechanisms inspired by natural flyers. This Review outlines design principles, technological solutions, technical challenges and future directions of the application of the symbiotic energy paradigm to aerial robots.","PeriodicalId":501701,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Electrical Engineering","volume":"2 5","pages":"302-319"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145123172","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-04-14DOI: 10.1038/s44287-025-00169-3
Laha Ale, Scott A. King, Ning Zhang, Huanlai Xing
Agentic artificial intelligence (AI) workflows, integrated with 6G-enabled edge computing, present a transformative approach to reduce hallucinations in generative AI. Combining real-time tool integration, self-reflection and collaborative multi-agent systems, this framework offers scalable, reliable solutions for diverse applications, advancing the accuracy and adaptability of generative AI in dynamic and data-intensive environments.
{"title":"Enhancing generative AI reliability via agentic AI in 6G-enabled edge computing","authors":"Laha Ale, Scott A. King, Ning Zhang, Huanlai Xing","doi":"10.1038/s44287-025-00169-3","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44287-025-00169-3","url":null,"abstract":"Agentic artificial intelligence (AI) workflows, integrated with 6G-enabled edge computing, present a transformative approach to reduce hallucinations in generative AI. Combining real-time tool integration, self-reflection and collaborative multi-agent systems, this framework offers scalable, reliable solutions for diverse applications, advancing the accuracy and adaptability of generative AI in dynamic and data-intensive environments.","PeriodicalId":501701,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Electrical Engineering","volume":"2 7","pages":"441-443"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145123076","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Self-sustainable bioelectronic devices that incorporate physiological synchronization functions are attracting increasing research interest because they could provide the variable functions required by living cells and tissues. However, from the popular viewpoint, self-sustainable bioelectronic devices are presently regarded to provide unidirectional stimulation, similarly to traditional bioelectronic devices that prompt cells and tissues to passively respond to the electrical cues delivered to them. The active effect of self-sustainable bioelectronic devices, which allows cells and/or tissues to autonomously alter the delivered electrical stimulation on demand, has not been fully recognized. This Perspective article presents the insight that self-sustainable bioelectronics could act as a bidirectional ‘bridge’ linking the electrical modulation of a cell or tissue with its growth and development requirements, thereby establishing a fully autonomous, closed-loop regulatory system. The interaction processes arising in microscopic (cell–piezoelectric material) and macroscopic (organ–electromechanically coupled device) systems are discussed, and typical examples of self-sustainable bioelectronics are presented, highlighting the key challenges of signal fidelity and long-term device stability. Predictions of the future trajectory of self-sustainable bioelectronics, and design considerations for the next generation of intelligent bioelectronic devices, are also included. This Perspective highlights the biofeedback capability of self-sustainable bioelectronics, which provides a new treatment paradigm. This feature enables cells and tissues to autonomously alter the supplied electrical stimulation to meet their varying needs, thereby forming a bidirectional interaction mechanism at organism–machine interfaces.
{"title":"A bright future for self-sustainable bioelectronics","authors":"Fei Jin, Tong Li, Zhidong Wei, Lili Qian, Negar Javanmardi, Ting Wang, Steven Wang, Zhang-Qi Feng","doi":"10.1038/s44287-025-00164-8","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44287-025-00164-8","url":null,"abstract":"Self-sustainable bioelectronic devices that incorporate physiological synchronization functions are attracting increasing research interest because they could provide the variable functions required by living cells and tissues. However, from the popular viewpoint, self-sustainable bioelectronic devices are presently regarded to provide unidirectional stimulation, similarly to traditional bioelectronic devices that prompt cells and tissues to passively respond to the electrical cues delivered to them. The active effect of self-sustainable bioelectronic devices, which allows cells and/or tissues to autonomously alter the delivered electrical stimulation on demand, has not been fully recognized. This Perspective article presents the insight that self-sustainable bioelectronics could act as a bidirectional ‘bridge’ linking the electrical modulation of a cell or tissue with its growth and development requirements, thereby establishing a fully autonomous, closed-loop regulatory system. The interaction processes arising in microscopic (cell–piezoelectric material) and macroscopic (organ–electromechanically coupled device) systems are discussed, and typical examples of self-sustainable bioelectronics are presented, highlighting the key challenges of signal fidelity and long-term device stability. Predictions of the future trajectory of self-sustainable bioelectronics, and design considerations for the next generation of intelligent bioelectronic devices, are also included. This Perspective highlights the biofeedback capability of self-sustainable bioelectronics, which provides a new treatment paradigm. This feature enables cells and tissues to autonomously alter the supplied electrical stimulation to meet their varying needs, thereby forming a bidirectional interaction mechanism at organism–machine interfaces.","PeriodicalId":501701,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Electrical Engineering","volume":"2 5","pages":"338-349"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145123149","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-04-01DOI: 10.1038/s44287-025-00157-7
Qing-Tai Zhao, Yi Han, Hung-Chi Han, Lars R. Schreiber, Tsung-En Lee, Hung-Li Chiang, Iuliana Radu, Christian Enz, Detlev Grützmacher, Christoph Stampfer, Shinichi Takagi, Joachim Knoch
Universal cryogenic computing, encompassing von Neumann, neuromorphic and quantum computing, paves the way for future big-data processing with high energy efficiency. Complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) technology operating at cryogenic temperatures with ultra-low power consumption is a key component of this advancement. However, classical CMOS technology, designed for room temperature applications, suffers from band-tail effects at cryogenic levels, leading to an increased subthreshold swing and decreased mobility values. In addition, threshold voltages are enlarged. Thus, classical CMOS technology fails to meet the low power requirements when cooled close to zero Kelvin. In this Perspective, we show that steep slope cryogenic devices can be realized by screening the band tails with the use of high-k dielectrics and wrap-gate architectures and/or reducing them through the optimization of the surfaces and interfaces within the transistors. Cryogenic device functionality also strongly benefits from appropriate source/drain engineering employing dopant segregation from silicides. Furthermore, the threshold voltage control can be realized with back-gating, work-function engineering and dipole formation. As a major implication, future research and development towards cryogenic CMOS technology requires a combination of these approaches to enable universal cryogenic computing at the necessary ultra-low power levels. Ultra-low-power cryogenic complementary metal oxide semiconductor (cCMOS) technology is crucial for quantum computers. This Perspective highlights the challenges of the state-of-the-art technology and proposes solutions to mitigate band-tail effects, control the threshold voltage and achieve ultra-low-power cCMOS devices.
{"title":"Ultra-low-power cryogenic complementary metal oxide semiconductor technology","authors":"Qing-Tai Zhao, Yi Han, Hung-Chi Han, Lars R. Schreiber, Tsung-En Lee, Hung-Li Chiang, Iuliana Radu, Christian Enz, Detlev Grützmacher, Christoph Stampfer, Shinichi Takagi, Joachim Knoch","doi":"10.1038/s44287-025-00157-7","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44287-025-00157-7","url":null,"abstract":"Universal cryogenic computing, encompassing von Neumann, neuromorphic and quantum computing, paves the way for future big-data processing with high energy efficiency. Complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) technology operating at cryogenic temperatures with ultra-low power consumption is a key component of this advancement. However, classical CMOS technology, designed for room temperature applications, suffers from band-tail effects at cryogenic levels, leading to an increased subthreshold swing and decreased mobility values. In addition, threshold voltages are enlarged. Thus, classical CMOS technology fails to meet the low power requirements when cooled close to zero Kelvin. In this Perspective, we show that steep slope cryogenic devices can be realized by screening the band tails with the use of high-k dielectrics and wrap-gate architectures and/or reducing them through the optimization of the surfaces and interfaces within the transistors. Cryogenic device functionality also strongly benefits from appropriate source/drain engineering employing dopant segregation from silicides. Furthermore, the threshold voltage control can be realized with back-gating, work-function engineering and dipole formation. As a major implication, future research and development towards cryogenic CMOS technology requires a combination of these approaches to enable universal cryogenic computing at the necessary ultra-low power levels. Ultra-low-power cryogenic complementary metal oxide semiconductor (cCMOS) technology is crucial for quantum computers. This Perspective highlights the challenges of the state-of-the-art technology and proposes solutions to mitigate band-tail effects, control the threshold voltage and achieve ultra-low-power cCMOS devices.","PeriodicalId":501701,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Electrical Engineering","volume":"2 4","pages":"277-290"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145123140","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nanostructured materials, such as quantum dots (QDs), metal oxide nanoparticles and metal halide perovskite nanostructures, are promising for next-generation display technology owing to their low-cost solution process, high photoluminescence quantum yield, narrow emission, wide colour gamut and high colour purity. Over the past decade, commercial displays based on QD photoluminescence have been successfully introduced, such as QD-enhanced liquid crystal displays, QD organic light-emitting diodes and QD light-emitting diodes. Electroluminescence (EL) from nanostructured materials represents one of the ultimate goals for future display technology, owing to its high efficiency and simple device structure. However, the electroluminescent application of these nanomaterials is still in its infancy, primarily owing to the instability of blue devices and immature mass-production technologies. This Review introduces the progress of photoluminescent QDs, with a focus on advancements in EL. We explore improvements in materials and device design to enhance EL stability and to examine critical mass-production technologies, including high-resolution display innovations. Finally, we outline future research direction for enhancing operation stability of deep-blue EL. Nanostructured materials, such as quantum dots, are potential candidates for next-generation displays. This Review highlights the degradation mechanisms of devices and points out the strategies that can be used to improve the stability of electroluminescence.
{"title":"Nanostructured materials for next-generation display technology","authors":"Xuanyu Zhang, Shuo Ding, Zhaobing Tang, Zhiwei Yao, Ting Zhang, Chaoyu Xiang, Lei Qian","doi":"10.1038/s44287-025-00158-6","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44287-025-00158-6","url":null,"abstract":"Nanostructured materials, such as quantum dots (QDs), metal oxide nanoparticles and metal halide perovskite nanostructures, are promising for next-generation display technology owing to their low-cost solution process, high photoluminescence quantum yield, narrow emission, wide colour gamut and high colour purity. Over the past decade, commercial displays based on QD photoluminescence have been successfully introduced, such as QD-enhanced liquid crystal displays, QD organic light-emitting diodes and QD light-emitting diodes. Electroluminescence (EL) from nanostructured materials represents one of the ultimate goals for future display technology, owing to its high efficiency and simple device structure. However, the electroluminescent application of these nanomaterials is still in its infancy, primarily owing to the instability of blue devices and immature mass-production technologies. This Review introduces the progress of photoluminescent QDs, with a focus on advancements in EL. We explore improvements in materials and device design to enhance EL stability and to examine critical mass-production technologies, including high-resolution display innovations. Finally, we outline future research direction for enhancing operation stability of deep-blue EL. Nanostructured materials, such as quantum dots, are potential candidates for next-generation displays. This Review highlights the degradation mechanisms of devices and points out the strategies that can be used to improve the stability of electroluminescence.","PeriodicalId":501701,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Electrical Engineering","volume":"2 4","pages":"263-276"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145123144","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-03-28DOI: 10.1038/s44287-025-00161-x
Zhengguang Liu, Lin Ma
Amid geopolitical crises and economic challenges, it is crucial to reassess the future role of fossil fuel resources, particularly oil and gas fields. A promising opportunity now exists to repurpose these fields for geothermal energy, helping to accelerate the energy transition while mitigating the risk of resource stranding.
{"title":"Utilizing oil and gas fields for geothermal energy to accelerate the energy transition","authors":"Zhengguang Liu, Lin Ma","doi":"10.1038/s44287-025-00161-x","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44287-025-00161-x","url":null,"abstract":"Amid geopolitical crises and economic challenges, it is crucial to reassess the future role of fossil fuel resources, particularly oil and gas fields. A promising opportunity now exists to repurpose these fields for geothermal energy, helping to accelerate the energy transition while mitigating the risk of resource stranding.","PeriodicalId":501701,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Electrical Engineering","volume":"2 7","pages":"444-445"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145123047","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Conventional drug delivery systems (DDSs) deliver drugs to specific sites in patients’ bodies, streamlining the drug delivery process of traditional drug prescriptions, but are challenging in dose accuracy, system adaptability and patient compliance. The rapid advancement of wireless bioelectronics technology presents new avenues to develop a class of wirelessly controlled DDSs (Will-DDSs). Featuring wireless control, flexible triggering, miniaturization and integration, Will-DDSs enable controlled and precise drug release profiles at specific sites for personalized treatment. In this Review, we discuss the development in Will-DDSs, focusing on design principles and strategies associated with drug release mechanisms, wireless power supply and communication. Specially, clinical applications ranging from chronic disease management to acute therapeutic interventions are highlighted. Furthermore, we discuss opportunities in adaptability, comprehensiveness and intelligence presented by the integration of Will-DDSs with other advanced technologies as well as the risks and challenges in terms of biosafety, stability and regulation. Wireless bioelectronics integrates untethered controlled-release, wireless power and communication modules into drug delivery systems (DDSs), enabling dynamic, precise drug dosage and release adjustments and shaping the next generation of DDSs — wirelessly controlled DDSs (Will-DDSs).
{"title":"Wirelessly controlled drug delivery systems for translational medicine","authors":"Xinwei Wei, Yanfang Wang, Huihui Hu, Tao Sheng, Yuejun Yao, Changming Chen, Guangzheng Xu, Kaihui Li, Yuyan Su, Kewang Nan, Jinqiang Wang, Zhen Gu","doi":"10.1038/s44287-025-00151-z","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44287-025-00151-z","url":null,"abstract":"Conventional drug delivery systems (DDSs) deliver drugs to specific sites in patients’ bodies, streamlining the drug delivery process of traditional drug prescriptions, but are challenging in dose accuracy, system adaptability and patient compliance. The rapid advancement of wireless bioelectronics technology presents new avenues to develop a class of wirelessly controlled DDSs (Will-DDSs). Featuring wireless control, flexible triggering, miniaturization and integration, Will-DDSs enable controlled and precise drug release profiles at specific sites for personalized treatment. In this Review, we discuss the development in Will-DDSs, focusing on design principles and strategies associated with drug release mechanisms, wireless power supply and communication. Specially, clinical applications ranging from chronic disease management to acute therapeutic interventions are highlighted. Furthermore, we discuss opportunities in adaptability, comprehensiveness and intelligence presented by the integration of Will-DDSs with other advanced technologies as well as the risks and challenges in terms of biosafety, stability and regulation. Wireless bioelectronics integrates untethered controlled-release, wireless power and communication modules into drug delivery systems (DDSs), enabling dynamic, precise drug dosage and release adjustments and shaping the next generation of DDSs — wirelessly controlled DDSs (Will-DDSs).","PeriodicalId":501701,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Electrical Engineering","volume":"2 4","pages":"244-262"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145123139","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-03-25DOI: 10.1038/s44287-025-00165-7
Sarah Cosentino
Female researchers in Japan face unique challenges caused by cultural and institutional norms, making their career progression more difficult than in other developed countries. Overcoming these barriers and fostering an inclusive academic environment require a systematic approach that includes targeted interventions and clear, enforceable measures to ensure compliance and accountability.
{"title":"Gender inequality in Japanese academia","authors":"Sarah Cosentino","doi":"10.1038/s44287-025-00165-7","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44287-025-00165-7","url":null,"abstract":"Female researchers in Japan face unique challenges caused by cultural and institutional norms, making their career progression more difficult than in other developed countries. Overcoming these barriers and fostering an inclusive academic environment require a systematic approach that includes targeted interventions and clear, enforceable measures to ensure compliance and accountability.","PeriodicalId":501701,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Electrical Engineering","volume":"2 5","pages":"291-292"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145123150","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：