Pub Date : 2024-07-08DOI: 10.1038/s44287-024-00070-5
Tian-Yu Wang, Jie Mao, Boya Zhang, Gui-Xin Zhang, Zhi-Min Dang
Large-scale power system transmission and transformation equipment operates in high-voltage environments, placing notable requirements on the insulation strength of polymers used in core insulation frameworks. Increasing the polymer insulation performance in high-voltage environments is crucial for protecting large-capacity and integrated power equipment and ensuring the safe and stable operation of electrical devices. Here, we discuss the phenomena and the underlying mechanisms of bulk breakdown and surface flashover that lead to insulation failure in polymers and present relative strategies to increasing the performance of the insulating materials. We analyse the challenges faced by polymeric insulating materials in various extreme environments and the strategies to address them. Finally, we identify key challenges and highlight future directions and opportunities for the development of reliable polymeric insulating materials. Polymeric insulating materials are crucial for high-voltage electrical equipment. This Review describes the insulation failure mechanisms of polymeric insulating materials used in high-voltage applications, introduces ways to improve insulating performance and discusses the open challenges and future development directions.
{"title":"Polymeric insulating materials characteristics for high-voltage applications","authors":"Tian-Yu Wang, Jie Mao, Boya Zhang, Gui-Xin Zhang, Zhi-Min Dang","doi":"10.1038/s44287-024-00070-5","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44287-024-00070-5","url":null,"abstract":"Large-scale power system transmission and transformation equipment operates in high-voltage environments, placing notable requirements on the insulation strength of polymers used in core insulation frameworks. Increasing the polymer insulation performance in high-voltage environments is crucial for protecting large-capacity and integrated power equipment and ensuring the safe and stable operation of electrical devices. Here, we discuss the phenomena and the underlying mechanisms of bulk breakdown and surface flashover that lead to insulation failure in polymers and present relative strategies to increasing the performance of the insulating materials. We analyse the challenges faced by polymeric insulating materials in various extreme environments and the strategies to address them. Finally, we identify key challenges and highlight future directions and opportunities for the development of reliable polymeric insulating materials. Polymeric insulating materials are crucial for high-voltage electrical equipment. This Review describes the insulation failure mechanisms of polymeric insulating materials used in high-voltage applications, introduces ways to improve insulating performance and discusses the open challenges and future development directions.","PeriodicalId":501701,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Electrical Engineering","volume":"1 8","pages":"516-528"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141574365","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Detecting Earth’s rotation using entangled photons","authors":"Lishu Wu","doi":"10.1038/s44287-024-00074-1","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44287-024-00074-1","url":null,"abstract":"An article in Science Advances presents a large-scale optical quantum interferometer for detecting Earth’s rotation by using quantum entanglement.","PeriodicalId":501701,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Electrical Engineering","volume":"1 7","pages":"432-432"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141523024","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-02DOI: 10.1038/s44287-024-00075-0
Lishu Wu
An article in IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications presents an approach that integrates control and communication needs to enhance the communication efficiency and reliability in unmanned space exploration.
电气和电子工程师学会无线通信论文集》（IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications）上的一篇文章介绍了一种整合控制和通信需求的方法，以提高无人太空探索的通信效率和可靠性。
{"title":"Integrating communication and control for efficient deep space exploration","authors":"Lishu Wu","doi":"10.1038/s44287-024-00075-0","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44287-024-00075-0","url":null,"abstract":"An article in IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications presents an approach that integrates control and communication needs to enhance the communication efficiency and reliability in unmanned space exploration.","PeriodicalId":501701,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Electrical Engineering","volume":"1 7","pages":"433-433"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141501433","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
We receive approximately 80% of our external environmental information through vision, making display technology an essential component of modern life. The evolution of device structures has led to the iterative development of display technology from rigid bulk to flexible films. Recently, next-generation displays have woven electroluminescent units directly into polymer composite fibres to form textile displays. Such displays are flexible and breathable, like clothing, suggesting applications such as wearables and smart textiles. In particular, they would allow users to interact with electronic devices by touching the clothing. This Perspective provides a summary of the evolution of textile displays. We then discuss recent achievements in the field, including applications of textile displays, advances in active materials, designs of interfaces between the active layer and fibre electrodes, developments in display modules, and integration of textile displays with multiple electronic functions. Finally, we highlight the potential challenges of textile displays for practical applications and suggesting future research directions in this exciting field. This Perspective highlights the design concepts, fabrication strategies and recent achievements in textile displays, including promising applications, advances in luminescent materials, design of device interfaces, development of display modules, integration of displaying systems and the remaining challenges.
{"title":"Towards integrated textile display systems","authors":"Zhen Wang, Yue Liu, Zihao Zhou, Peining Chen, Huisheng Peng","doi":"10.1038/s44287-024-00063-4","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44287-024-00063-4","url":null,"abstract":"We receive approximately 80% of our external environmental information through vision, making display technology an essential component of modern life. The evolution of device structures has led to the iterative development of display technology from rigid bulk to flexible films. Recently, next-generation displays have woven electroluminescent units directly into polymer composite fibres to form textile displays. Such displays are flexible and breathable, like clothing, suggesting applications such as wearables and smart textiles. In particular, they would allow users to interact with electronic devices by touching the clothing. This Perspective provides a summary of the evolution of textile displays. We then discuss recent achievements in the field, including applications of textile displays, advances in active materials, designs of interfaces between the active layer and fibre electrodes, developments in display modules, and integration of textile displays with multiple electronic functions. Finally, we highlight the potential challenges of textile displays for practical applications and suggesting future research directions in this exciting field. This Perspective highlights the design concepts, fabrication strategies and recent achievements in textile displays, including promising applications, advances in luminescent materials, design of device interfaces, development of display modules, integration of displaying systems and the remaining challenges.","PeriodicalId":501701,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Electrical Engineering","volume":"1 7","pages":"466-477"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141501434","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-27DOI: 10.1038/s44287-024-00072-3
Silvia Conti
An article in Nature presents a low-latency and high-accuracy object detector for advanced driver-assistance systems.
自然》杂志上的一篇文章介绍了一种用于高级驾驶辅助系统的低延迟、高精度物体检测器。
{"title":"Low-latency and high-accuracy hybrid image- and event-based object detector","authors":"Silvia Conti","doi":"10.1038/s44287-024-00072-3","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44287-024-00072-3","url":null,"abstract":"An article in Nature presents a low-latency and high-accuracy object detector for advanced driver-assistance systems.","PeriodicalId":501701,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Electrical Engineering","volume":"1 7","pages":"434-434"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141523025","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-21DOI: 10.1038/s44287-024-00061-6
Md Al Mahadi Hasan, Wenxuan Zhu, Chris R. Bowen, Zhong Lin Wang, Ya Yang
Researchers in different disciplines from all around the world are constantly working on the development of new technologies for harvesting energy from sustainable sources. Among the various alternatives, wind is one of the most abundant resources. Traditionally, wind energy has been harvested to produce electrical energy using various types of wind turbines, including onshore or offshore wind turbines, horizontal or vertical axis wind turbines and micro-wind turbines; or, less traditionally, using wind pumps, or windmills, on sailing boats, and through some sports activities (such as kiteboarding, windsurfing and kitesurfing). In this context, wind energy harvesting using triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) has unique characteristics able to challenge the existing wind energy harvesting technologies. Wind-driven TENGs are in fact characterized by simple structures, reduced size and weight, easy installation, flexibility and low-cost operation. Here, starting from a detailed comparison with conventional wind turbine systems, we introduce the technological advancement of wind-driven TENGs. Device structures, materials, fabrication processes and performance characteristics in terms of costs and applications are outlined. Open issues and challenges to be addressed towards the development and industrialization of commercial products are also presented. Wind-driven triboelectric nanogenerators have the potential to revolutionize wind energy harvesting technologies. This Review analyses developments, costs and challenges of wind-driven triboelectric nanogenerators and evaluates research directions towards industrial applications.
世界各地不同学科的研究人员一直致力于开发从可持续能源中获取能量的新技术。在各种替代能源中，风能是最丰富的资源之一。传统上，人们利用各种类型的风力涡轮机（包括陆上或海上风力涡轮机、水平或垂直轴风力涡轮机和微型风力涡轮机）收集风能来生产电能；或者，不那么传统的做法是，在帆船上利用风泵或风车，以及通过一些体育活动（如风筝冲浪、帆板冲浪和风筝冲浪）收集风能。在这种情况下，利用三电纳米发电机（TENGs）收集风能具有独特的特点，能够挑战现有的风能收集技术。事实上，风力驱动的 TENG 具有结构简单、尺寸和重量小、安装方便、灵活性强和运行成本低的特点。在此，我们从与传统风力涡轮机系统的详细比较入手，介绍风力驱动 TENG 的技术进步。概述了设备结构、材料、制造工艺以及成本和应用方面的性能特点。此外，还介绍了在商业产品的开发和产业化方面有待解决的问题和面临的挑战。
{"title":"Triboelectric nanogenerators for wind energy harvesting","authors":"Md Al Mahadi Hasan, Wenxuan Zhu, Chris R. Bowen, Zhong Lin Wang, Ya Yang","doi":"10.1038/s44287-024-00061-6","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44287-024-00061-6","url":null,"abstract":"Researchers in different disciplines from all around the world are constantly working on the development of new technologies for harvesting energy from sustainable sources. Among the various alternatives, wind is one of the most abundant resources. Traditionally, wind energy has been harvested to produce electrical energy using various types of wind turbines, including onshore or offshore wind turbines, horizontal or vertical axis wind turbines and micro-wind turbines; or, less traditionally, using wind pumps, or windmills, on sailing boats, and through some sports activities (such as kiteboarding, windsurfing and kitesurfing). In this context, wind energy harvesting using triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) has unique characteristics able to challenge the existing wind energy harvesting technologies. Wind-driven TENGs are in fact characterized by simple structures, reduced size and weight, easy installation, flexibility and low-cost operation. Here, starting from a detailed comparison with conventional wind turbine systems, we introduce the technological advancement of wind-driven TENGs. Device structures, materials, fabrication processes and performance characteristics in terms of costs and applications are outlined. Open issues and challenges to be addressed towards the development and industrialization of commercial products are also presented. Wind-driven triboelectric nanogenerators have the potential to revolutionize wind energy harvesting technologies. This Review analyses developments, costs and challenges of wind-driven triboelectric nanogenerators and evaluates research directions towards industrial applications.","PeriodicalId":501701,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Electrical Engineering","volume":"1 7","pages":"453-465"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141501435","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-17DOI: 10.1038/s44287-024-00067-0
Sharing of knowledge created by industry through appropriate publishing practices could help deep-tech companies improve their corporate image, stimulate creativity and lure top talent without putting their intellectual property at risk.
{"title":"Time to talk with industry","authors":"","doi":"10.1038/s44287-024-00067-0","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44287-024-00067-0","url":null,"abstract":"Sharing of knowledge created by industry through appropriate publishing practices could help deep-tech companies improve their corporate image, stimulate creativity and lure top talent without putting their intellectual property at risk.","PeriodicalId":501701,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Electrical Engineering","volume":"1 6","pages":"349-349"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s44287-024-00067-0.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141425145","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-14DOI: 10.1038/s44287-024-00053-6
Laha Ale, Ning Zhang, Scott A. King, Dajiang Chen
Generative artificial intelligence (GenAI) has brought about profound transformations across the diverse domains of the Internet of Things such as manufacturing, marketing, medicine, education and work assistance. However, the proliferation of computationally intensive and highly complex GenAI models poses substantial challenges to servers and central network capacities. To effectively permeate various facets of our lives, GenAI heavily relies on mobile edge computing. In this Perspective article, we first introduce GenAI applications on edge devices highlighting its potential capacity to revolutionize our everyday life. We then outline the challenges associated with deploying GenAI on edge devices and present possible solutions to effectively address these obstacles. Finally, we introduce an intelligent mobile edge computing paradigm able to reduce response latency, improve efficiency, strengthen security and privacy preservation and conserve energy, opening the way to a sustainable and efficient application of the different GenAI models. The application of generative artificial intelligence to mobile devices has the potential to enable integrated, personalized, contextually aware experiences. However, the computational energy demand is challenging. This Perspective article introduces an intelligent mobile edge computing paradigm for the implementation of generative artificial intelligence on the Internet of Things system.
{"title":"Empowering generative AI through mobile edge computing","authors":"Laha Ale, Ning Zhang, Scott A. King, Dajiang Chen","doi":"10.1038/s44287-024-00053-6","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44287-024-00053-6","url":null,"abstract":"Generative artificial intelligence (GenAI) has brought about profound transformations across the diverse domains of the Internet of Things such as manufacturing, marketing, medicine, education and work assistance. However, the proliferation of computationally intensive and highly complex GenAI models poses substantial challenges to servers and central network capacities. To effectively permeate various facets of our lives, GenAI heavily relies on mobile edge computing. In this Perspective article, we first introduce GenAI applications on edge devices highlighting its potential capacity to revolutionize our everyday life. We then outline the challenges associated with deploying GenAI on edge devices and present possible solutions to effectively address these obstacles. Finally, we introduce an intelligent mobile edge computing paradigm able to reduce response latency, improve efficiency, strengthen security and privacy preservation and conserve energy, opening the way to a sustainable and efficient application of the different GenAI models. The application of generative artificial intelligence to mobile devices has the potential to enable integrated, personalized, contextually aware experiences. However, the computational energy demand is challenging. This Perspective article introduces an intelligent mobile edge computing paradigm for the implementation of generative artificial intelligence on the Internet of Things system.","PeriodicalId":501701,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Electrical Engineering","volume":"1 7","pages":"478-486"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141342458","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
INFRACHIP is a European distributed research infrastructure that will support research on the sustainable development of next-generation semiconductor chips. The project will offer access to over 100 sets of equipment and technologies, and develop skills, talent and innovation in emerging and responsible electronics.
{"title":"The INFRACHIP European research infrastructure for emerging and responsible electronics","authors":"Giorgos Fagas, Cian O’Murchu, Konstantinos Rogdakis, Emmanuel Kymakis, Elvira Fortunato, Rodrigo Martins","doi":"10.1038/s44287-024-00064-3","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44287-024-00064-3","url":null,"abstract":"INFRACHIP is a European distributed research infrastructure that will support research on the sustainable development of next-generation semiconductor chips. The project will offer access to over 100 sets of equipment and technologies, and develop skills, talent and innovation in emerging and responsible electronics.","PeriodicalId":501701,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Electrical Engineering","volume":"1 6","pages":"354-355"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141372230","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-07DOI: 10.1038/s44287-024-00059-0
Bo Li, Fei Chen, Huaiyu Xu, Yang Song, Xiaohan Yan, Qiulei Xu, Longjia Wu, Yiran Yan, Wenjun Hou, Weiran Cao, Huaibin Shen, Fengjia Fan
Quantum dot light-emitting diodes (QD-LEDs) are attractive for display and lighting applications owing to their high colour rendering index, their low-cost solution processability and their ability to achieve simultaneous high brightness and near-unity internal quantum efficiency at low voltages. Since 1994, tremendous progress has been made in improving the external quantum efficiency and lifetimes of QD-LEDs, and there has been growing understanding of the operational and degradation mechanisms. However, there are still critical problems that remain to be clarified, such as the origin of positive ageing and the role of zinc oxide nanoparticles in achieving high performance. In this Review, we analyse the key factors influencing voltage, internal quantum and photon out-coupling efficiencies of QD-LEDs. We point out the issues related to cadmium-free quantum dots and short-lifetime blue QD-LEDs. Finally, we clarify the challenges and summarize the latest progress in commercializing QD-LEDs. Quantum dot light-emitting diodes (QD-LEDs) are attractive for display and lighting applications. Precise understanding of their operational and degradation mechanisms will greatly promote the commercialization of this technology. This Review summarizes the key understanding and remaining challenges of QD-LEDs.
{"title":"Advances in understanding quantum dot light-emitting diodes","authors":"Bo Li, Fei Chen, Huaiyu Xu, Yang Song, Xiaohan Yan, Qiulei Xu, Longjia Wu, Yiran Yan, Wenjun Hou, Weiran Cao, Huaibin Shen, Fengjia Fan","doi":"10.1038/s44287-024-00059-0","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44287-024-00059-0","url":null,"abstract":"Quantum dot light-emitting diodes (QD-LEDs) are attractive for display and lighting applications owing to their high colour rendering index, their low-cost solution processability and their ability to achieve simultaneous high brightness and near-unity internal quantum efficiency at low voltages. Since 1994, tremendous progress has been made in improving the external quantum efficiency and lifetimes of QD-LEDs, and there has been growing understanding of the operational and degradation mechanisms. However, there are still critical problems that remain to be clarified, such as the origin of positive ageing and the role of zinc oxide nanoparticles in achieving high performance. In this Review, we analyse the key factors influencing voltage, internal quantum and photon out-coupling efficiencies of QD-LEDs. We point out the issues related to cadmium-free quantum dots and short-lifetime blue QD-LEDs. Finally, we clarify the challenges and summarize the latest progress in commercializing QD-LEDs. Quantum dot light-emitting diodes (QD-LEDs) are attractive for display and lighting applications. Precise understanding of their operational and degradation mechanisms will greatly promote the commercialization of this technology. This Review summarizes the key understanding and remaining challenges of QD-LEDs.","PeriodicalId":501701,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Electrical Engineering","volume":"1 6","pages":"412-425"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141374029","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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