Pub Date : 2025-01-01Epub Date: 2025-01-07DOI: 10.1038/s44310-024-00048-z
Sinan Gündoğdu, Sofia Pazzagli, Tommaso Pregnolato, Tim Kolbe, Sylvia Hagedorn, Markus Weyers, Tim Schröder
We introduce a novel material for integrated photonics and investigate aluminum gallium nitride (AlGaN) on aluminum nitride (AlN) templates as a platform for developing reconfigurable and on-chip nonlinear optical devices. AlGaN combines compatibility with standard photonic fabrication technologies and high electro-optic modulation capabilities with low loss over a broad spectral range, from UVC to long-wave infrared, making it a viable material for complex photonic applications. In this work, we design and grow AlGaN/AlN heterostructures and integrate several photonic components. In particular, we fabricate edge couplers, low-loss waveguides, directional couplers, and tunable high-quality factor ring resonators. These devices will enable nonlinear light-matter interaction and quantum functionality. The comprehensive platform we present in this work paves the way for photon-pair generation applications, on-chip quantum frequency conversion, and fast electro-optic modulation for switching and routing classical and quantum light fields.
{"title":"AlGaN/AlN heterostructures: an emerging platform for integrated photonics.","authors":"Sinan Gündoğdu, Sofia Pazzagli, Tommaso Pregnolato, Tim Kolbe, Sylvia Hagedorn, Markus Weyers, Tim Schröder","doi":"10.1038/s44310-024-00048-z","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44310-024-00048-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We introduce a novel material for integrated photonics and investigate aluminum gallium nitride (AlGaN) on aluminum nitride (AlN) templates as a platform for developing reconfigurable and on-chip nonlinear optical devices. AlGaN combines compatibility with standard photonic fabrication technologies and high electro-optic modulation capabilities with low loss over a broad spectral range, from UVC to long-wave infrared, making it a viable material for complex photonic applications. In this work, we design and grow AlGaN/AlN heterostructures and integrate several photonic components. In particular, we fabricate edge couplers, low-loss waveguides, directional couplers, and tunable high-quality factor ring resonators. These devices will enable nonlinear light-matter interaction and quantum functionality. The comprehensive platform we present in this work paves the way for photon-pair generation applications, on-chip quantum frequency conversion, and fast electro-optic modulation for switching and routing classical and quantum light fields.</p>","PeriodicalId":501711,"journal":{"name":"npj Nanophotonics","volume":"2 1","pages":"2"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11706782/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142960981","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-04DOI: 10.1038/s44310-024-00045-2
Seongmin Im, Seyedehniousha Mousavi, Yun-Sheng Chen, Yang Zhao
In this review, we examine nanophotonic techniques for enhancing and detecting chirality, with a focus on plasmon-enhanced, tip-enhanced, chiral optical cavities, and photothermal approaches. These methods, which are based on light-matter interactions, provide high sensitivity with challenges in identifying their mechanisms. We discuss recent biomedical applications, emphasizing the potential of nanophotonics in enabling cost-effective and rapid diagnosis with improved chiral signal detection. The review highlights the future potential of chiral nanophotonics in biomedical applications.
{"title":"Perspectives of chiral nanophotonics: from mechanisms to biomedical applications","authors":"Seongmin Im, Seyedehniousha Mousavi, Yun-Sheng Chen, Yang Zhao","doi":"10.1038/s44310-024-00045-2","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44310-024-00045-2","url":null,"abstract":"In this review, we examine nanophotonic techniques for enhancing and detecting chirality, with a focus on plasmon-enhanced, tip-enhanced, chiral optical cavities, and photothermal approaches. These methods, which are based on light-matter interactions, provide high sensitivity with challenges in identifying their mechanisms. We discuss recent biomedical applications, emphasizing the potential of nanophotonics in enabling cost-effective and rapid diagnosis with improved chiral signal detection. The review highlights the future potential of chiral nanophotonics in biomedical applications.","PeriodicalId":501711,"journal":{"name":"npj Nanophotonics","volume":" ","pages":"1-20"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s44310-024-00045-2.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142762965","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-04DOI: 10.1038/s44310-024-00047-0
Andrei Diakonov, Konstantin Khrizman, Eliran Zano, Liron Stern
The broad and equidistant spectrum of frequency combs has had a profound impact on spectroscopic studies. Particularly, experiments involving the coupling of frequency combs to cavities have already enabled unprecedented broadband and sensitive spectroscopy on a single-molecule level. The emergence of integrated, compact, and broadband Kerr-microcombs holds promise to bring many metrological and spectroscopic studies outside of the lab. However, performing cavity-enhanced direct frequency comb spectroscopy on-chip has remained a challenge. Here, we couple a microcomb source with a microcavity to extend the advantages of cavity-enhanced spectroscopy to photonically integrated circuits. By harnessing the coherent nature of the Kerr-comb and high-Q microcavity enhancement, we obtain a detailed dispersion landscape of the guided-wave mode and comprehensive frequency-dependent cavity lineshapes. Our microcomb-cavity coupling can facilitate photonically integrated cavity-enhanced biochemical spectroscopy by evanescently coupling analytes to the cavity’s guided mode, a mode of operation we analyze numerically and provide guidelines for its potential implementation. Demonstrated detailed dispersion measurements, overperforming state-of-the-art table-top tunable lasers in available bandwidth, show potential for integrated non-linear optics applications, as precise dispersion management is crucial for such processes. Our chip-scale comb-cavity coupled platform suggests an integrated, broadband, cost-effective, and accurate tool for the non-linear optics studies as well as for ultra-compact bio- and chemical-sensing platform.
{"title":"Broadband cavity-enhanced Kerr Comb spectroscopy on Chip","authors":"Andrei Diakonov, Konstantin Khrizman, Eliran Zano, Liron Stern","doi":"10.1038/s44310-024-00047-0","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44310-024-00047-0","url":null,"abstract":"The broad and equidistant spectrum of frequency combs has had a profound impact on spectroscopic studies. Particularly, experiments involving the coupling of frequency combs to cavities have already enabled unprecedented broadband and sensitive spectroscopy on a single-molecule level. The emergence of integrated, compact, and broadband Kerr-microcombs holds promise to bring many metrological and spectroscopic studies outside of the lab. However, performing cavity-enhanced direct frequency comb spectroscopy on-chip has remained a challenge. Here, we couple a microcomb source with a microcavity to extend the advantages of cavity-enhanced spectroscopy to photonically integrated circuits. By harnessing the coherent nature of the Kerr-comb and high-Q microcavity enhancement, we obtain a detailed dispersion landscape of the guided-wave mode and comprehensive frequency-dependent cavity lineshapes. Our microcomb-cavity coupling can facilitate photonically integrated cavity-enhanced biochemical spectroscopy by evanescently coupling analytes to the cavity’s guided mode, a mode of operation we analyze numerically and provide guidelines for its potential implementation. Demonstrated detailed dispersion measurements, overperforming state-of-the-art table-top tunable lasers in available bandwidth, show potential for integrated non-linear optics applications, as precise dispersion management is crucial for such processes. Our chip-scale comb-cavity coupled platform suggests an integrated, broadband, cost-effective, and accurate tool for the non-linear optics studies as well as for ultra-compact bio- and chemical-sensing platform.","PeriodicalId":501711,"journal":{"name":"npj Nanophotonics","volume":" ","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s44310-024-00047-0.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142762963","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-29DOI: 10.1038/s44310-024-00046-1
Beatrice Polacchi, Francesco Hoch, Giovanni Rodari, Stefano Savo, Gonzalo Carvacho, Nicolò Spagnolo, Taira Giordani, Fabio Sciarrino
Quantum state teleportation represents a pillar of quantum information and a milestone on the roadmap towards quantum networks with a large number of nodes. Successful photonic demonstrations of this protocol have been carried out employing different qubit encodings. However, demonstrations in the Fock basis encoding are challenging, due to the impossibility of generating a coherent superposition of vacuum-one photon states on a single mode with linear optics. Indeed, previous realizations only allowed the teleportation of dual-rail entangled states, by exploiting ancillary electromagnetic modes. Here, instead, we enable the quantum teleportation of pure vacuum-one-photon qubits encoded in a single spatial mode, by exploiting coherent control of a resonantly excited semiconductor quantum dot in a micro-cavity. Within our setup, we can both teleport genuine single-rail vacuum-one-photon qubits and perform entanglement swapping. Our results may disclose new quantum information processing potentialities for this encoding, whose manipulation is achievable via quantum dot single-photon sources.
{"title":"Teleportation of a genuine single-rail vacuum-one-photon qubit generated via a quantum dot source","authors":"Beatrice Polacchi, Francesco Hoch, Giovanni Rodari, Stefano Savo, Gonzalo Carvacho, Nicolò Spagnolo, Taira Giordani, Fabio Sciarrino","doi":"10.1038/s44310-024-00046-1","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44310-024-00046-1","url":null,"abstract":"Quantum state teleportation represents a pillar of quantum information and a milestone on the roadmap towards quantum networks with a large number of nodes. Successful photonic demonstrations of this protocol have been carried out employing different qubit encodings. However, demonstrations in the Fock basis encoding are challenging, due to the impossibility of generating a coherent superposition of vacuum-one photon states on a single mode with linear optics. Indeed, previous realizations only allowed the teleportation of dual-rail entangled states, by exploiting ancillary electromagnetic modes. Here, instead, we enable the quantum teleportation of pure vacuum-one-photon qubits encoded in a single spatial mode, by exploiting coherent control of a resonantly excited semiconductor quantum dot in a micro-cavity. Within our setup, we can both teleport genuine single-rail vacuum-one-photon qubits and perform entanglement swapping. Our results may disclose new quantum information processing potentialities for this encoding, whose manipulation is achievable via quantum dot single-photon sources.","PeriodicalId":501711,"journal":{"name":"npj Nanophotonics","volume":" ","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s44310-024-00046-1.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142737664","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-21DOI: 10.1038/s44310-024-00044-3
Ciril Samuel Prasad, Gururaj V. Naik
For a sustainable future, efficient, compact, and solid-state energy converters are critical. Thermophotovoltaics (TPV)—a solid-state scheme to convert heat into electricity—is promising for thermal storage and generation1. TPV systems employing selective thermal emitters allow compact designs for various terrestrial and space applications and, hence, have garnered much attention. Despite significant research efforts, these systems have low efficiency. The selective thermal emitter and the low-bandgap photovoltaic cell contribute to this problem. Here, we solve the shortcomings of the thermal emitter by using a novel approach inspired by non-Hermitian optics. We demonstrate a hybrid metal-dielectric non-Hermitian selective emitter (NHE) with high spectral efficiency (> 60%) and employ the NHE in a TPV system operating at 1273 K. We show that a maximum TPV conversion efficiency of 12% is possible at 1273 K, though our preliminary experiments employing an uncooled PV cell showed a much lower efficiency.
为了实现可持续发展的未来，高效、紧凑的固态能源转换器至关重要。热光电（TPV）--一种将热能转化为电能的固态方案--在热能储存和发电方面大有可为1。采用选择性热发射器的冠捷系统设计紧凑，适用于各种地面和太空应用，因此备受关注。尽管开展了大量研究工作，但这些系统的效率较低。选择性热发射器和低带隙光伏电池是造成这一问题的原因。在此，我们采用一种受非赫米提光学启发的新方法，解决了热发射器的缺点。我们展示了一种具有高光谱效率（60%）的金属-电介质混合非赫米提选择性发射器（NHE），并将这种 NHE 应用于在 1273 K 温度下工作的冠捷光电系统。
{"title":"Non-Hermitian selective thermal emitter for thermophotovoltaics","authors":"Ciril Samuel Prasad, Gururaj V. Naik","doi":"10.1038/s44310-024-00044-3","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44310-024-00044-3","url":null,"abstract":"For a sustainable future, efficient, compact, and solid-state energy converters are critical. Thermophotovoltaics (TPV)—a solid-state scheme to convert heat into electricity—is promising for thermal storage and generation1. TPV systems employing selective thermal emitters allow compact designs for various terrestrial and space applications and, hence, have garnered much attention. Despite significant research efforts, these systems have low efficiency. The selective thermal emitter and the low-bandgap photovoltaic cell contribute to this problem. Here, we solve the shortcomings of the thermal emitter by using a novel approach inspired by non-Hermitian optics. We demonstrate a hybrid metal-dielectric non-Hermitian selective emitter (NHE) with high spectral efficiency (> 60%) and employ the NHE in a TPV system operating at 1273 K. We show that a maximum TPV conversion efficiency of 12% is possible at 1273 K, though our preliminary experiments employing an uncooled PV cell showed a much lower efficiency.","PeriodicalId":501711,"journal":{"name":"npj Nanophotonics","volume":" ","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s44310-024-00044-3.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142679933","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-05DOI: 10.1038/s44310-024-00036-3
Kostas G. Mavrakis, Gerasimos Divaris, Maria Tampakaki, Saba N. Khan, Kishan Dholakia, Giannis Zacharakis
Optoacoustic microscopy faces a restricted depth of field attributed to the tightly focused Gaussian beam excitation. This limitation poses challenges in capturing high-resolution images of samples with uneven surfaces or obtaining high-quality volumetric images without z-scanning. To address this issue, we propose the use of droplet beam illumination in optoacoustic microscopy, which extends the depth of field to approximately 80 times the Rayleigh length. The droplet beam is generated using a Mach–Zehnder-type interferometer, with each arm equipped with a lens of different optical power. We demonstrate the advantages of droplet beam illumination in microscopy by showing high contrast images on fluorescent beads with a 50% improvement compared to Bessel beam illumination and subsequently imaging the posterior cavity of mice eyes. This method introduces novel perspectives to medical sciences, allowing the measurement of the choroidal layer thickness, an early indicative biomarker for Alzheimer’s disease.
光声显微镜面临着景深受限的问题，这是由于紧聚焦高斯光束激发的缘故。这种限制给捕捉表面凹凸不平的样品的高分辨率图像或在不进行 Z 扫描的情况下获得高质量的体积图像带来了挑战。为了解决这个问题，我们提出在光声显微镜中使用液滴光束照明，它能将景深扩展到约 80 倍的瑞利长度。液滴光束是利用马赫-泽恩德型干涉仪产生的，每个臂都配备了不同光功率的透镜。我们展示了液滴光束照明在显微镜中的优势，与贝塞尔光束照明相比，荧光珠上的高对比度图像提高了 50%，随后还对小鼠眼球后腔进行了成像。这种方法为医学科学引入了新的视角，可以测量脉络膜层厚度，这是阿尔茨海默病的早期指示性生物标志物。
{"title":"Optically generated droplet beams improve optoacoustic imaging of choroid thickness as an Alzheimer’s disease biomarker","authors":"Kostas G. Mavrakis, Gerasimos Divaris, Maria Tampakaki, Saba N. Khan, Kishan Dholakia, Giannis Zacharakis","doi":"10.1038/s44310-024-00036-3","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44310-024-00036-3","url":null,"abstract":"Optoacoustic microscopy faces a restricted depth of field attributed to the tightly focused Gaussian beam excitation. This limitation poses challenges in capturing high-resolution images of samples with uneven surfaces or obtaining high-quality volumetric images without z-scanning. To address this issue, we propose the use of droplet beam illumination in optoacoustic microscopy, which extends the depth of field to approximately 80 times the Rayleigh length. The droplet beam is generated using a Mach–Zehnder-type interferometer, with each arm equipped with a lens of different optical power. We demonstrate the advantages of droplet beam illumination in microscopy by showing high contrast images on fluorescent beads with a 50% improvement compared to Bessel beam illumination and subsequently imaging the posterior cavity of mice eyes. This method introduces novel perspectives to medical sciences, allowing the measurement of the choroidal layer thickness, an early indicative biomarker for Alzheimer’s disease.","PeriodicalId":501711,"journal":{"name":"npj Nanophotonics","volume":" ","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s44310-024-00036-3.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142588288","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-05DOI: 10.1038/s44310-024-00041-6
Mikhail V. Rybin, Yuri Kivshar
The recently emerged Mie resonant meta photonics (or Mietronics) provides novel opportunities for subwavelength optics. Mietronics employs resonances in isolated nanoparticles and structured surfaces. We present a brief summary of the key concepts underpinning this rapidly developing area of research, using isolated high-index dielectric subwavelength particles as examples. We also discuss recent advances and future trends in the designs of high-Q elements for efficient resonant spatial and temporal control of light.
{"title":"Metaphotonics with subwavelength dielectric resonators","authors":"Mikhail V. Rybin, Yuri Kivshar","doi":"10.1038/s44310-024-00041-6","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44310-024-00041-6","url":null,"abstract":"The recently emerged Mie resonant meta photonics (or Mietronics) provides novel opportunities for subwavelength optics. Mietronics employs resonances in isolated nanoparticles and structured surfaces. We present a brief summary of the key concepts underpinning this rapidly developing area of research, using isolated high-index dielectric subwavelength particles as examples. We also discuss recent advances and future trends in the designs of high-Q elements for efficient resonant spatial and temporal control of light.","PeriodicalId":501711,"journal":{"name":"npj Nanophotonics","volume":" ","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s44310-024-00041-6.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142588281","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-26DOI: 10.1038/s44310-024-00043-4
Lee Wei Wesley Wong, Liang Jie Wong
We study twisted bilayer van der Waals (vdW) materials as a platform to generate versatile bremsstrahlung X-rays, and show that the twist angle in bilayer vdW materials provides an unprecedented degree of controllability over various properties of bremsstrahlung radiation from these materials. Specifically, we combine the waveshaping of the free electron’s quantum wavepacket with the unique crystalline atomic positioning of twisted bilayers to realize shaped bremsstrahlung X-rays, which feature enhancements in directionality and intensity. In the process, we present a theoretical model for bremsstrahlung radiation that is applicable to twisted multilayer vdW materials in general. We also investigate the dependence of our X-ray emission mechanism on physical parameters, including the interlayer spacing and number of layers. Our findings pave the way for the use of twisted multilayer van der Waals materials in the generation of tailored X-ray spectra for applications like X-ray imaging, X-ray fluorescence, and X-ray treatment.
我们将扭曲双层范德瓦尔斯（vdW）材料作为产生多功能轫致辐射 X 射线的平台进行研究，结果表明，双层范德瓦尔斯材料的扭曲角度为这些材料产生的轫致辐射的各种特性提供了前所未有的可控性。具体来说，我们将自由电子量子波包的波形塑造与扭曲双层材料独特的晶体原子定位相结合，实现了成形轫致辐射 X 射线，其特点是方向性和强度都有所增强。在此过程中，我们提出了一个适用于一般扭曲多层 vdW 材料的轫致辐射理论模型。我们还研究了 X 射线发射机制对物理参数的依赖性，包括层间距和层数。我们的发现为利用扭曲多层范德瓦耳斯材料生成定制的 X 射线光谱铺平了道路，其应用领域包括 X 射线成像、X 射线荧光和 X 射线处理。
{"title":"Enhancing X-ray generation from twisted multilayer van der Waals materials by shaping electron wavepackets","authors":"Lee Wei Wesley Wong, Liang Jie Wong","doi":"10.1038/s44310-024-00043-4","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44310-024-00043-4","url":null,"abstract":"We study twisted bilayer van der Waals (vdW) materials as a platform to generate versatile bremsstrahlung X-rays, and show that the twist angle in bilayer vdW materials provides an unprecedented degree of controllability over various properties of bremsstrahlung radiation from these materials. Specifically, we combine the waveshaping of the free electron’s quantum wavepacket with the unique crystalline atomic positioning of twisted bilayers to realize shaped bremsstrahlung X-rays, which feature enhancements in directionality and intensity. In the process, we present a theoretical model for bremsstrahlung radiation that is applicable to twisted multilayer vdW materials in general. We also investigate the dependence of our X-ray emission mechanism on physical parameters, including the interlayer spacing and number of layers. Our findings pave the way for the use of twisted multilayer van der Waals materials in the generation of tailored X-ray spectra for applications like X-ray imaging, X-ray fluorescence, and X-ray treatment.","PeriodicalId":501711,"journal":{"name":"npj Nanophotonics","volume":" ","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s44310-024-00043-4.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142519189","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-11DOI: 10.1038/s44310-024-00040-7
Wenchao Yan, Bin Zhang, Feng Chen
Topological photonics attract significant interests due to their intriguing fundamental physics and potential applications. Researchers are actively exploring various artificial platforms to realize novel topological phenomena, which provides promising pathways for the development of robust photonic devices. Among these platforms, femtosecond laser direct-written photonic waveguides show unique ability to visualize intricate light dynamics in 2 + 1 dimensions, which rendering them ideal tools for investigating topological photonics. By integrating topological concepts into these waveguides, researchers not only deepen their understanding of topological physics but also provide potential methodology for developing advanced topological photonic integrated devices. In this review, we discuss recent experimental implementations of different topological phases within femtosecond laser direct-written photonic waveguides, as well as the fascinating physical phenomena induced by the interplay of topology with non-Hermiticity, nonlinearity and quantum physics are also introduced. The exploration of topological waveguide arrays shows great promise in advancing the field of topological photonics, providing a solid foundation for further research and innovation in this rapidly developing domain.
{"title":"Photonic topological insulators in femtosecond laser direct-written waveguides","authors":"Wenchao Yan, Bin Zhang, Feng Chen","doi":"10.1038/s44310-024-00040-7","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44310-024-00040-7","url":null,"abstract":"Topological photonics attract significant interests due to their intriguing fundamental physics and potential applications. Researchers are actively exploring various artificial platforms to realize novel topological phenomena, which provides promising pathways for the development of robust photonic devices. Among these platforms, femtosecond laser direct-written photonic waveguides show unique ability to visualize intricate light dynamics in 2 + 1 dimensions, which rendering them ideal tools for investigating topological photonics. By integrating topological concepts into these waveguides, researchers not only deepen their understanding of topological physics but also provide potential methodology for developing advanced topological photonic integrated devices. In this review, we discuss recent experimental implementations of different topological phases within femtosecond laser direct-written photonic waveguides, as well as the fascinating physical phenomena induced by the interplay of topology with non-Hermiticity, nonlinearity and quantum physics are also introduced. The exploration of topological waveguide arrays shows great promise in advancing the field of topological photonics, providing a solid foundation for further research and innovation in this rapidly developing domain.","PeriodicalId":501711,"journal":{"name":"npj Nanophotonics","volume":" ","pages":"1-15"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s44310-024-00040-7.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142415411","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-01DOI: 10.1038/s44310-024-00039-0
Michele Cotrufo, Sedigheh Esfahani, Dmitriy Korobkin, Andrea Alù
Nonlocal metasurfaces have recently enabled an ultra-compact, low-power and high-speed platform to perform analog image processing. While several computational tasks have been demonstrated based on this platform, most of the previous studies have focused only on spatial operations, such as spatial differentiation and edge detection. Here, we demonstrate that metasurfaces with temporal nonlocalities – that is, with a tailored dispersive response – can be used to implement time-domain signal processing in deeply subwavelength footprints. In particular, we experimentally demonstrate a passive metasurface performing first-order differentiation of input signals with high-fidelity and high-efficiency. We also show that this approach is prone to scalability and cascaded computation. Our work paves the way to a new generation of ultra-compact, passive devices for all-optical computation, with applications in neural networks and neuromorphic computing.
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