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Reliability Analysis of Soil Liquefaction Considering Spatial Variability of Soil Property 考虑土壤性质空间变异性的土壤液化可靠性分析
IF 1.5 4区 工程技术 Q2 GEOCHEMISTRY & GEOPHYSICS Pub Date : 2021-08-18 DOI: 10.1142/s1793431122500026
Yubing Wang, Shuang Shu, Wu Yongxin
The objective of this study was to investigate the liquefaction response of soil using the spatial variability of the shear modulus by considering different values of the coefficient of variation (COV) and the horizontal scale of fluctuation (SOF). For this purpose, a Monte Carlo simulation, combining the digital generation of a non-Gaussian random field with finite difference analyses, was utilized. Parametric studies were performed from the perspectives of the liquefaction area, excess pore water pressure (EPWP), and displacement at the ground surface. We found that a larger COV of the soil shear modulus was correlated with a slower reduction of liquefaction area and a lower EPWP ratio. To explain the influence from the perspective of the spatial distribution characteristics of the shear modulus, a deterministic model test was carried out. Additionally, it was found that the displacement history and the differential settlement at the end of shaking were regularly affected by the COV and the horizontal SOF, especially for large COV and horizontal SOF.
考虑不同的变异系数(COV)和水平波动尺度(SOF),利用剪切模量的空间变异性研究土壤的液化响应。为此,利用蒙特卡罗模拟,结合非高斯随机场的数字生成和有限差分分析。从液化面积、超孔隙水压力(EPWP)和地表位移角度进行参数化研究。研究发现,土体剪切模量COV越大,液化面积减小越慢,EPWP比越低。为了从剪切模量空间分布特征的角度解释其影响,进行了确定性模型试验。此外,研究发现,振动结束时的位移历史和微分沉降受冠状病毒和水平柔度的规律影响,特别是对于大冠状病毒和水平柔度。
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引用次数: 3
Study on Earthquake-Induced Sloshing Waves in Moraine-Dammed Lakes 冰碛湖地震诱发晃动波研究
IF 1.5 4区 工程技术 Q2 GEOCHEMISTRY & GEOPHYSICS Pub Date : 2021-08-18 DOI: 10.1142/s1793431122500014
Cong Zhang, L. Yao
Large surface water waves can be triggered in moraine-dammed lakes during earthquakes and may lead to the overtopping failure of moraine dams. In the earthquake-prone Himalayas, there are thousands of moraine-dammed lakes; their outburst may lead to catastrophic disasters (e.g. floods and debris flow), posing severe threats to humans and infrastructures downstream. This paper experimentally studied earthquake-induced water waves (EWWs) in moraine-dammed lakes and examined the effects of several factors (e.g. water depth, earthquake parameters, and uneven lake basin). The experimental results suggest that the EWWs positively correlate to the earthquake wave, and the maximum height of the EWWs increases by 10%–15% when the effect of the uneven lake basin is considered. Based on the experiment data, we derived a calculation equation to estimate the maximum amplitude of EWWs considering the basin effect, and proposed a fast risk assessment method for moraine lakes due to overtopping EWWs. Finally, based on the method, we assessed the failure risk of the moraine lakes located in the Gyirong river basin where the China–Nepal corridor crosses. The study broadens understandings of the risk source of moraine-dammed lakes.
在地震期间,冰碛湖可能引发巨大的地表水波,并可能导致冰碛坝的溢流破坏。在地震多发的喜马拉雅地区,有成千上万的冰碛湖;它们的爆发可能导致灾难性灾害(如洪水和泥石流),对下游的人类和基础设施构成严重威胁。本文对冰碛湖的地震诱发水波进行了实验研究,探讨了水深、地震参数、湖盆不均匀度等因素对地震诱发水波的影响。实验结果表明,低震波与地震波呈正相关,考虑不均匀湖盆的影响,低震波的最大高度增加了10% ~ 15%。在实验数据的基础上,推导了考虑流域效应的EWWs最大波幅的计算公式,提出了EWWs漫溢对冰碛湖风险的快速评估方法。最后,利用该方法对中尼走廊交汇的吉荣河流域冰碛湖的破坏风险进行了评估。这项研究拓宽了人们对冰碛湖风险源的认识。
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引用次数: 0
Numerical Study on Wave Attenuation of Tsunami-Like Wave by Emergent Rigid Vegetation 涌现刚性植被对类海啸波衰减的数值研究
IF 1.5 4区 工程技术 Q2 GEOCHEMISTRY & GEOPHYSICS Pub Date : 2021-06-09 DOI: 10.1142/S1793431121500287
K. Qu, G. Lan, S. Kraatz, W. Sun, B. Deng, C. Jiang
The extreme surges and waves generated in tsunamis can cause devastating damages to coastal infrastructures and threaten the intactness of coastal communities. After the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami, ...
海啸产生的极端浪涌和波浪会对沿海基础设施造成毁灭性的破坏,并威胁到沿海社区的完整性。2004年印度洋海啸之后,…
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引用次数: 1
New Analytical Solution to Predict the Vertical Impedance of a Large-Diameter Pipe Pile in Soil Considering Wave Propagation in Visco-Elastic Continuum 考虑粘弹性连续介质中波传播的土中大直径管桩垂直阻抗新解析解
IF 1.5 4区 工程技术 Q2 GEOCHEMISTRY & GEOPHYSICS Pub Date : 2021-06-07 DOI: 10.1142/S1793431121400029
Cui Chunyi, Liang Zhimeng, Xu Chengshun, Xin Yu, Wang Benlong, Meng Kun
According to the theories of wave propagation in visco-elastic continuum and Rayleigh-Love rod, a simplified model in axisymmetric conditions for the longitudinal vibration of large-diameter pipe pile (LDPP) in radially heterogeneous surrounding soil with viscous damping is presented. The relevant analytical solution for dynamic impedance at pile head is derived by using complex stiffness transfer method, which is also validated via independent comparisons with previous solutions. Besides, parametric analyses are carried out to reveal both the radial heterogeneity of surrounding soil and the lateral inertia effect of pile shaft on the dynamic impedance of LDPP. The obtained analytical solutions are suitable for the longitudinal vibration issues of floating LDPP in visco-elastic surrounding soil with radial heterogeneity, which can be conveniently degenerated to describe the longitudinal vibration of a floating solid pile in soil with radial heterogeneity as well as a floating LDPP or solid pile in radially homogenous soil.
根据粘弹性连续介质和瑞利-洛夫杆的波传播理论,建立了大直径管桩在径向非均质土中纵向振动轴对称条件下的简化模型。采用复刚度传递法推导出相应的桩顶动力阻抗解析解,并与前人解进行独立比较验证。此外,通过参数分析揭示了周围土体的径向非均质性和桩身的侧向惯性效应对LDPP动力阻抗的影响。所得解析解适用于具有径向非均质性的粘弹性周围土中浮动LDPP的纵向振动问题,可以方便地简并描述径向非均质土中浮动实心桩的纵向振动问题,以及径向均质土中浮动LDPP或实心桩的纵向振动问题。
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引用次数: 3
Stochastic Dynamic Response Analysis and Probability Evaluation of Subway Station Considering Subjected to Stochastic Earthquake Excitation 考虑随机地震激励的地铁车站随机动力响应分析及概率评价
IF 1.5 4区 工程技术 Q2 GEOCHEMISTRY & GEOPHYSICS Pub Date : 2021-06-07 DOI: 10.1142/S1793431121400017
Qunying Fan, Rui Pang, Bin Xu, Min Jing
As a relatively new means of transportation, the subway has become an important tool for the sustainable development of many cities. Being buried deep in soil under the weight of vital infrastructure, subway stations can be vulnerable to seismic excitations. Considering the high randomness of ground motions, it is important to research the failure probability and seismic performance of the subway station based on stochastic dynamic analysis. In this paper, a probability density evolution method (PDEM) coupled with a spectral representation random function is used to analyze the stochastic dynamic response and seismic probability of a subway station. First, according to the improved power spectral density model and the seismic design code of urban rail transit structures in China (GB 50909-2014), a set of nonstationary ground motions consistent with the code spectrum are obtained. Then, a great deal of deterministic dynamic calculations for Daikai subway station considering soil–structure interaction based on elastic–plastic methods are performed. In addition, the nonlinear stochastic response analysis and the dynamic probability analysis are obtained for the subway station by solving the PDEM equation. Finally, the probability density function (PDF) and cumulative distribution function (CDF) of the subway station under stochastic earthquake excitations are obtained based on three performance indices, including drift angle in the middle column, relative vertical displacement between floor and roof, and damage area ratio (DAR). The results show that the stochastic dynamic analysis and the probability density evolution method can analyze seismic response and evaluate seismic performance of subway stations effectively. The proposed method will serve as an effective tool for the seismic design of underground structures.
地铁作为一种相对较新的交通工具,已经成为许多城市实现可持续发展的重要工具。由于地铁站深埋于土壤中,承受着重要基础设施的重量,因此很容易受到地震的影响。考虑到地震动的高度随机性,基于随机动力分析的地铁车站破坏概率及抗震性能研究具有重要意义。本文将概率密度演化法与谱表示随机函数相结合,对某地铁车站的随机动力响应和地震概率进行了分析。首先,根据改进的功率谱密度模型和中国城市轨道交通结构抗震设计规范(GB 50909-2014),得到符合规范谱的一组非平稳地震动;然后,基于弹塑性方法,对考虑土-结构相互作用的大开地铁站进行了大量的确定性动力计算。此外,通过求解PDEM方程,得到了地铁车站的非线性随机响应分析和动力概率分析。最后,基于中柱漂移角、层顶相对竖向位移、损伤面积比等3个性能指标,得到了随机地震作用下地铁车站的概率密度函数(PDF)和累积分布函数(CDF)。结果表明,随机动力分析和概率密度演化方法可以有效地分析地铁车站的地震反应,评价其抗震性能。该方法可作为地下结构抗震设计的有效工具。
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引用次数: 4
Dynamic Interaction of Two Independent SDOF Oscillators Supported by a Flexible Foundation Embedded in a Half-Space: Closed-Form Analytical Solution for Incident Plane SH-Waves 嵌入半空间的柔性基础支撑的两个独立SDOF振荡器的动力相互作用:入射平面sh波的封闭解析解
IF 1.5 4区 工程技术 Q2 GEOCHEMISTRY & GEOPHYSICS Pub Date : 2021-05-01 DOI: 10.1142/S1793431121500263
Liguo Jin, Liting Du, Haiyan Wang
This paper presents a closed-form analytical solution for the dynamic response of two independent SDOF oscillators standing on one flexible foundation embedded in an elastic half-space and excited by plane SH waves. The solution is obtained by the wave function expansion method and is verified by comparison with the results of the special cases of a rigid foundation and the published research result of a flexible foundation. The model is utilized to investigate how the foundation stiffness influences the system response. The results show that there will be a significant interaction between the two independent structures on one flexible foundation and the intensity of the interaction is mainly dependent on foundation stiffness and structural stiffness. For a system with more flexible foundation, strong interaction will exist between the two structures; larger structural stiffness will also lead to a strong interaction between the two structures. When the structural mass and the structural stiffness are all larger, the flexible foundation cannot be treated as a rigid foundation even if the foundation stiffness is many times larger than that of soil. This model may be useful to get insight into the effects of foundation flexibility on the interaction of two independent structures standing on one flexible foundation.
本文给出了位于弹性半空间内的两个独立的单自由度振荡器在平面SH波激励下的动力响应的封闭解析解。采用波函数展开法得到了该解,并与刚性基础的特殊情况计算结果和已发表的柔性基础研究结果进行了对比验证。利用该模型研究了基础刚度对系统响应的影响。结果表明:在同一柔性基础上,两个独立结构之间存在明显的相互作用,相互作用的强度主要取决于基础刚度和结构刚度。对于基础较灵活的体系,两种结构之间存在较强的相互作用;较大的结构刚度也将导致两个结构之间的强相互作用。当结构质量和结构刚度都较大时,即使基础刚度大于土的许多倍,也不能将柔性基础视为刚性基础。该模型有助于深入了解基础柔性对两个独立结构在同一柔性基础上相互作用的影响。
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引用次数: 0
Assessment of Structural Damage following the October 30, 2020 Aegean Sea Earthquake and Tsunami 2020年10月30日爱琴海地震和海啸后的结构破坏评估
IF 1.5 4区 工程技术 Q2 GEOCHEMISTRY & GEOPHYSICS Pub Date : 2021-04-27 DOI: 10.1142/S1793431121500299
A. Altunışık, Barbaros Atmaca, M. Kartal, M. Gunaydin, S. Demir, Alper Ulusan
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引用次数: 4
Numerical Simulation of Run-Up and Land Inundation on the Vegetated Sloping Beach 植被坡地滩涂坡度与土地淹没的数值模拟
IF 1.5 4区 工程技术 Q2 GEOCHEMISTRY & GEOPHYSICS Pub Date : 2021-04-12 DOI: 10.1142/S1793431121500275
Maryam Ziaadini-Dashtekhaki, M. Ghaeini-Hessaroeyeh, S. Hamzehei-Javaran
Vegetated areas on the beach can reduce tsunami heights and reduce the loss of life and property damage in coasts. Thick trunks and tangled branches attenuate tsunami waves. In this study, a numerical model is developed based on the finite volume method for simulating tsunami flooding. This model is used to simulate the solitary wave run-up propagation on sloping beaches with and without vegetation. The shallow water equations are used, also the effect of drag force due to vegetation is applied in the momentum equation. The HLLC approximate Riemann solver is selected, and the model is developed to second-order accuracy using the Weighted Average Flux method. After verification of the present model, the model is applied for simulation of solitary wave on a sloping beach. The present model results are compared to the available experimental data and another numerical model. The present numerical results reveal that as forest belt’s width increases, the height, velocity, and force of the tsunami waves decrease. Therefore, to further reduce the tsunami energy, a wider belt is recommended. Also, the effect of different tsunami wave heights on the rate of wave reduction has been investigated. In some areas, the presence of high tsunami waves causes to submerge the vegetation. Consequently, the drag force and the damping rate of the wave decrease. Therefore, the height of the forest zone and the height of the tsunami waves are important parameters.
海滩上的植被区域可以降低海啸的高度,减少沿海地区的生命和财产损失。粗壮的树干和纠结的树枝可以减弱海啸的影响。本文基于有限体积法建立了模拟海啸洪水的数值模型。该模型用于模拟有植被和无植被的斜坡海滩上孤立波的上升传播。采用浅水方程,并在动量方程中考虑了植被拖曳力的影响。选择HLLC近似Riemann求解器,采用加权平均通量法将模型发展到二阶精度。通过对模型的验证,将该模型应用于坡滩孤立波的模拟。将模型结果与已有的实验数据和另一个数值模型进行了比较。目前的数值结果表明,随着林带宽度的增加,海啸波的高度、速度和力都减小。因此,为了进一步降低海啸能量,建议采用更宽的带。此外,还研究了不同海啸波高对消波率的影响。在一些地区,高海啸波的存在导致植被被淹没。因此,波浪的阻力和阻尼率减小。因此,森林带的高度和海啸波的高度是重要的参数。
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引用次数: 1
Experimental Investigation on Seismic Compression of Sand Subjected to Multidirectional Cyclic Loads 多方向循环荷载作用下砂土地震压缩试验研究
IF 1.5 4区 工程技术 Q2 GEOCHEMISTRY & GEOPHYSICS Pub Date : 2021-03-25 DOI: 10.1142/S1793431121500238
Qingsheng Chen, G. Gao, Chun-Xiao Nie, Jun Yang, J. Bi, X. Gu
The ground is simultaneously subjected to both horizontal and vertical motions during earthquakes; however, the majority of existing studies on seismic compression are still limited to the horizontal earthquake motions only. In this work, the objective is therefore to experimentally investigate the effects of multidirectional nature of load application on seismic compression of sand. Multiple series of hollow cylindrical torsional shear tests were conducted on dry sand specimens with different relative densities, where different scenarios of stress conditions induced by earthquakes were simulated by applying various combinations of vertical and horizontal cyclic loads. Test results revealed that coupling with horizontal motions, the vertical component of seismic loads would significantly contribute to the development of both shear and vertical strains in the sand specimen. The increment in vertical strain under coupled motions could be up to over 70% compared to its counterpart for the sand specimen under horizontal cyclic stress alone. Nevertheless, it is also interestingly found that the contribution of superimposed vertical motion alone to the growth of vertical strain is limited. Besides, the effect of relative density on the change of vertical strain is nonlinear, and the decreasing rate of vertical strain diminishes with the increase of relative density.
在地震期间,地面同时受到水平和垂直运动的影响;然而,现有的地震压缩研究大多局限于水平地震运动。因此,在这项工作中,目的是通过实验研究荷载应用的多向性质对砂土地震压缩的影响。在不同相对密度的干砂试件上进行了多组空心圆柱扭剪试验,通过施加不同的竖向和水平循环荷载组合,模拟了地震引起的不同应力条件。试验结果表明,地震荷载的竖向分量与水平运动的耦合对试件的剪切应变和竖向应变的发展都有显著的促进作用。与单独水平循环应力作用下的砂体相比,耦合运动下的垂直应变增量可达70%以上。然而,有趣的是,我们也发现叠加垂直运动对垂直应变增长的贡献是有限的。相对密度对垂直应变变化的影响是非线性的,垂直应变的下降速率随相对密度的增加而减小。
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引用次数: 0
Mechanism Study of Vehicle–Bridge Dynamic Interaction under Near-Fault Ground Motions 近断层地震动作用下车桥动力相互作用机理研究
IF 1.5 4区 工程技术 Q2 GEOCHEMISTRY & GEOPHYSICS Pub Date : 2021-03-25 DOI: 10.1142/s1793431121500196
Cunyu Cui, Yan Xu, Z. Zeng
The effect of vehicle on the seismic responses of highway bridge has usually been neglected under the assumption that the possibility of vehicles crossing highway bridge or viaduct with a concurren...
车辆对公路桥梁地震反应的影响通常被忽略,通常假设车辆可能在公路桥梁或高架桥上同时行驶。
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引用次数: 2
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Journal of Earthquake and Tsunami
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