We are given a value-oracle for a d-dimensional function f that satisfies the conditions of Miranda's theorem, and therefore has a root. Our goal is to compute an approximate root using a number of evaluations that is polynomial in the number of accuracy digits. For this is always possible using the bisection method, but for this is impossible in general.
We show that, if and f satisfies a single monotonicity condition, then the number of required evaluations is polynomial in the accuracy. The same holds if and f satisfies some particular monotonicity conditions. We show that, if and f satisfies a single monotonicity condition, then the number of required evaluations is polynomial in the accuracy. The same holds if and f satisfies some particular monotonicity conditions. In contrast, if even two of these monotonicity conditions are missing, then the required number of evaluations might be exponential.
As an example application, we show that approximate roots of monotone functions can be used for approximate envy-free cake-cutting.
{"title":"Computing approximate roots of monotone functions","authors":"Alexandros Hollender , Chester Lawrence, Erel Segal-Halevi","doi":"10.1016/j.jco.2025.101930","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jco.2025.101930","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We are given a value-oracle for a <em>d</em>-dimensional function <em>f</em> that satisfies the conditions of Miranda's theorem, and therefore has a root. Our goal is to compute an approximate root using a number of evaluations that is polynomial in the number of accuracy digits. For <span><math><mi>d</mi><mo>=</mo><mn>1</mn></math></span> this is always possible using the bisection method, but for <span><math><mi>d</mi><mo>≥</mo><mn>2</mn></math></span> this is impossible in general.</div><div>We show that, if <span><math><mi>d</mi><mo>=</mo><mn>2</mn></math></span> and <em>f</em> satisfies a single monotonicity condition, then the number of required evaluations is polynomial in the accuracy. The same holds if <span><math><mi>d</mi><mo>≥</mo><mn>3</mn></math></span> and <em>f</em> satisfies some particular <span><math><msup><mrow><mi>d</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msup><mo>−</mo><mi>d</mi></math></span> monotonicity conditions. We show that, if <span><math><mi>d</mi><mo>=</mo><mn>2</mn></math></span> and <em>f</em> satisfies a single monotonicity condition, then the number of required evaluations is polynomial in the accuracy. The same holds if <span><math><mi>d</mi><mo>≥</mo><mn>3</mn></math></span> and <em>f</em> satisfies some particular <span><math><msup><mrow><mi>d</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msup><mo>−</mo><mi>d</mi></math></span> monotonicity conditions. In contrast, if even two of these monotonicity conditions are missing, then the required number of evaluations might be exponential.</div><div>As an example application, we show that approximate roots of monotone functions can be used for approximate envy-free cake-cutting.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50227,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Complexity","volume":"88 ","pages":"Article 101930"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143157479","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"数学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-16DOI: 10.1016/j.jco.2025.101929
Michael Maller
In previous work we defined a computational saddle transition problem which arises in the dynamics of diffeomorphisms of the 2−dimensional torus, and proved this problem is in Oracle NP, working in a model of computation appropriate for Turing machine computations on problems defined over the real numbers. In this note we report further work on these problems, studying orbit descriptions represented as finite words in periodic points. We show these Orbit Word Problems are again in Oracle NP, in our model. Our methods also reveal structures in the set of realized orbit words, suggesting further applications in complexity.
{"title":"On the complexity of orbit word problems","authors":"Michael Maller","doi":"10.1016/j.jco.2025.101929","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jco.2025.101929","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In previous work we defined a computational saddle transition problem which arises in the dynamics of diffeomorphisms of the 2−dimensional torus, and proved this problem is in Oracle <strong>NP</strong>, working in a model of computation appropriate for Turing machine computations on problems defined over the real numbers. In this note we report further work on these problems, studying orbit descriptions represented as finite words in periodic points. We show these Orbit Word Problems are again in Oracle <strong>NP</strong>, in our model. Our methods also reveal structures in the set of realized orbit words, suggesting further applications in complexity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50227,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Complexity","volume":"88 ","pages":"Article 101929"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143157480","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"数学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-16DOI: 10.1016/j.jco.2024.101922
Joris van der Hoeven, Grégoire Lecerf
Consider a sparse multivariate polynomial f with integer coefficients. Assume that f is represented as a “modular black box polynomial”, e.g. via an algorithm to evaluate f at arbitrary integer points, modulo arbitrary positive integers. The problem of sparse interpolation is to recover f in its usual sparse representation, as a sum of coefficients times monomials. For the first time we present a quasi-optimal algorithm for this task in term of the product of the number of terms of f by the maximum of the bit-size of the terms of f.
{"title":"Fast interpolation of multivariate polynomials with sparse exponents","authors":"Joris van der Hoeven, Grégoire Lecerf","doi":"10.1016/j.jco.2024.101922","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jco.2024.101922","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Consider a sparse multivariate polynomial <em>f</em> with integer coefficients. Assume that <em>f</em> is represented as a “modular black box polynomial”, e.g. via an algorithm to evaluate <em>f</em> at arbitrary integer points, modulo arbitrary positive integers. The problem of sparse interpolation is to recover <em>f</em> in its usual sparse representation, as a sum of coefficients times monomials. For the first time we present a quasi-optimal algorithm for this task in term of the product of the number of terms of <em>f</em> by the maximum of the bit-size of the terms of <em>f</em>.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50227,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Complexity","volume":"87 ","pages":"Article 101922"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143180614","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"数学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-06DOI: 10.1016/j.jco.2024.101921
Santhosh George , Muniyasamy M , Manjusree Gopal , Chandhini G , Ioannis K. Argyros
In this paper, we propose a procedure to obtain an iterative method that increases its convergence order from p to 5p for solving nonlinear systems. Our analysis is given in more general Banach space settings and uses assumptions on the derivative of the involved operator only up to order . Here, k is the order of the highest derivative used in the convergence analysis of the iterative method with convergence order p. A particular case of our analysis includes an existing fifth-order method and improves its applicability to more problems than the problems covered by the method's analysis in earlier study.
{"title":"A procedure for increasing the convergence order of iterative methods from p to 5p for solving nonlinear system","authors":"Santhosh George , Muniyasamy M , Manjusree Gopal , Chandhini G , Ioannis K. Argyros","doi":"10.1016/j.jco.2024.101921","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jco.2024.101921","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this paper, we propose a procedure to obtain an iterative method that increases its convergence order from <em>p</em> to 5<em>p</em> for solving nonlinear systems. Our analysis is given in more general Banach space settings and uses assumptions on the derivative of the involved operator only up to order <span><math><mi>max</mi><mo></mo><mo>{</mo><mi>k</mi><mo>,</mo><mn>2</mn><mo>}</mo></math></span>. Here, <em>k</em> is the order of the highest derivative used in the convergence analysis of the iterative method with convergence order <em>p</em>. A particular case of our analysis includes an existing fifth-order method and improves its applicability to more problems than the problems covered by the method's analysis in earlier study.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50227,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Complexity","volume":"87 ","pages":"Article 101921"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143180612","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"数学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-04DOI: 10.1016/j.jco.2024.101920
Duo Liu , Qin Huang , Qinian Jin
In recent years, Nesterov acceleration has been introduced to enhance the efficiency of Landweber iteration for solving ill-posed problems. For linear ill-posed problems in Hilbert spaces, Nesterov acceleration has been analyzed with a discrepancy principle proposed to terminate the iterations. However, the existing approach requires computing residuals along two distinct iterative sequences, resulting in increased computational costs. In this paper, we propose an alternative discrepancy principle for Nesterov acceleration that eliminates the need to compute the residuals for one of the iterative sequences, thereby reducing computational time by approximately one-third per iteration. We provide a convergence analysis of the proposed method, establishing both its convergence and convergence rates. The effectiveness of our approach is demonstrated through numerical simulations.
{"title":"A revisit on Nesterov acceleration for linear ill-posed problems","authors":"Duo Liu , Qin Huang , Qinian Jin","doi":"10.1016/j.jco.2024.101920","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jco.2024.101920","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In recent years, Nesterov acceleration has been introduced to enhance the efficiency of Landweber iteration for solving ill-posed problems. For linear ill-posed problems in Hilbert spaces, Nesterov acceleration has been analyzed with a discrepancy principle proposed to terminate the iterations. However, the existing approach requires computing residuals along two distinct iterative sequences, resulting in increased computational costs. In this paper, we propose an alternative discrepancy principle for Nesterov acceleration that eliminates the need to compute the residuals for one of the iterative sequences, thereby reducing computational time by approximately one-third per iteration. We provide a convergence analysis of the proposed method, establishing both its convergence and convergence rates. The effectiveness of our approach is demonstrated through numerical simulations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50227,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Complexity","volume":"87 ","pages":"Article 101920"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143180615","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"数学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-29DOI: 10.1016/j.jco.2024.101908
Erich Novak
{"title":"Changes of the Editorial Board","authors":"Erich Novak","doi":"10.1016/j.jco.2024.101908","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jco.2024.101908","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50227,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Complexity","volume":"87 ","pages":"Article 101908"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142745321","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"数学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-29DOI: 10.1016/j.jco.2024.101919
Luis M. Pardo
{"title":"Succinct obituary in memoriam of Joos Heintz","authors":"Luis M. Pardo","doi":"10.1016/j.jco.2024.101919","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jco.2024.101919","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50227,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Complexity","volume":"87 ","pages":"Article 101919"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142742866","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"数学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-28DOI: 10.1016/j.jco.2024.101918
Marcelo Actis , Fernando Gaspoz , Pedro Morin , Cornelia Schneider , Nick Schneider
We study direct estimates for adaptive time-stepping finite element methods for time-dependent partial differential equations. Our results generalize previous findings from “On approximation classes for adaptive time-stepping finite element methods” by Actis et al. (2023), where the approximation error was only measured in . In particular, we now also cover the error norms and which are more natural in this context.
{"title":"Direct estimates for adaptive time-stepping finite element methods","authors":"Marcelo Actis , Fernando Gaspoz , Pedro Morin , Cornelia Schneider , Nick Schneider","doi":"10.1016/j.jco.2024.101918","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jco.2024.101918","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We study direct estimates for adaptive time-stepping finite element methods for time-dependent partial differential equations. Our results generalize previous findings from “On approximation classes for adaptive time-stepping finite element methods” by Actis et al. (2023), where the approximation error was only measured in <span><math><msub><mrow><mi>L</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msub><mo>(</mo><mo>[</mo><mn>0</mn><mo>,</mo><mi>T</mi><mo>]</mo><mo>,</mo><msub><mrow><mi>L</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msub><mo>(</mo><mi>Ω</mi><mo>)</mo><mo>)</mo></math></span>. In particular, we now also cover the error norms <span><math><msub><mrow><mi>L</mi></mrow><mrow><mo>∞</mo></mrow></msub><mo>(</mo><mo>[</mo><mn>0</mn><mo>,</mo><mi>T</mi><mo>]</mo><mo>,</mo><msub><mrow><mi>L</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msub><mo>(</mo><mi>Ω</mi><mo>)</mo><mo>)</mo></math></span> and <span><math><msub><mrow><mi>L</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msub><mo>(</mo><mo>[</mo><mn>0</mn><mo>,</mo><mi>T</mi><mo>]</mo><mo>,</mo><msup><mrow><mi>H</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>1</mn></mrow></msup><mo>(</mo><mi>Ω</mi><mo>)</mo><mo>)</mo></math></span> which are more natural in this context.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50227,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Complexity","volume":"87 ","pages":"Article 101918"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143180611","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"数学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-05DOI: 10.1016/j.jco.2024.101905
Erich Novak, Mario Ullrich, Jan Vybíral
{"title":"Stefan Heinrich is the Winner of the 2024 Best Paper Award of the Journal of Complexity","authors":"Erich Novak, Mario Ullrich, Jan Vybíral","doi":"10.1016/j.jco.2024.101905","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jco.2024.101905","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50227,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Complexity","volume":"86 ","pages":"Article 101905"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142586490","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"数学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-05DOI: 10.1016/j.jco.2024.101904
{"title":"Best Paper Award of the Journal of Complexity","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.jco.2024.101904","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jco.2024.101904","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50227,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Complexity","volume":"86 ","pages":"Article 101904"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142586491","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"数学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}