This paper first introduces the application background of detection and processing integrated intelligent image sensor, and proposes an overall architecture of intelligent image sensor that uses hybrid stacking process for vertical interconnection. Among them, the top pixel layer mainly contains 10K×10K 5um pixel array and row and column drive array, which gives the pixel structure, simulates and analyzes the pixel noise index and effectively guides the design of the readout circuit structure. The lower chip layer mainly contains readout circuits, image signal processing ISPs, general-purpose CPU units, AI neural processing units, and on-chip SRAM. The image signal processing ISP function and the AI neural processing unit are introduced in detail, and the FPGA verification results of the AI neural processing unit are given.
{"title":"Architecture design of intelligent image sensor integrated with detection and processing","authors":"Guofang Zhai, Songbo Wu, Yao Yao, Ruimeng Zhang","doi":"10.1117/12.3006844","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.3006844","url":null,"abstract":"This paper first introduces the application background of detection and processing integrated intelligent image sensor, and proposes an overall architecture of intelligent image sensor that uses hybrid stacking process for vertical interconnection. Among them, the top pixel layer mainly contains 10K×10K 5um pixel array and row and column drive array, which gives the pixel structure, simulates and analyzes the pixel noise index and effectively guides the design of the readout circuit structure. The lower chip layer mainly contains readout circuits, image signal processing ISPs, general-purpose CPU units, AI neural processing units, and on-chip SRAM. The image signal processing ISP function and the AI neural processing unit are introduced in detail, and the FPGA verification results of the AI neural processing unit are given.","PeriodicalId":502341,"journal":{"name":"Applied Optics and Photonics China","volume":"124 ","pages":"129630K - 129630K-11"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139175447","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Wenyuan Liao, Jide Zhang, Yuebo Liu, ShuWang Li, Shaohua Yang, C. Lai, Guoguang Lu
1310nm long-wavelength vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs) have a wide application prospect in optical data transmission over long distances, in particular for hybrid integration with silicon photonics. With the wide application of 1310nm VCSEL, the reliability requirement is becoming more and more high. In this paper, the degradation mechanism of 1310nm VCSEL is studied by accelerated stress aging experiment. The device accelerates aging for 4000 hours at 8 mA, the maximum output power decreases by 0.04 mW, and the power saturation current and V-I curve remain basically unchanged. Leakage current of the device increases and reverse bias breakdown voltage decreases. Current noise power spectral density of the device is an order of magnitude higher than before aging. In addition, the device with degraded performance is characterized by optical emission microscopy. When the device is forward biased, dark spot defect is found on the edge of the light-emitting hole of the device after burnin. The internal topography of the device is characterized by FIB-SEM, and the oxide layer warpage is found. This is due to the increase of heat inside the device and the increase of stress in oxide layer, resulting in degradation of device’s performance.
{"title":"Degradation mechanism of 1310nm vertical cavity surface emission laser","authors":"Wenyuan Liao, Jide Zhang, Yuebo Liu, ShuWang Li, Shaohua Yang, C. Lai, Guoguang Lu","doi":"10.1117/12.3006295","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.3006295","url":null,"abstract":"1310nm long-wavelength vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs) have a wide application prospect in optical data transmission over long distances, in particular for hybrid integration with silicon photonics. With the wide application of 1310nm VCSEL, the reliability requirement is becoming more and more high. In this paper, the degradation mechanism of 1310nm VCSEL is studied by accelerated stress aging experiment. The device accelerates aging for 4000 hours at 8 mA, the maximum output power decreases by 0.04 mW, and the power saturation current and V-I curve remain basically unchanged. Leakage current of the device increases and reverse bias breakdown voltage decreases. Current noise power spectral density of the device is an order of magnitude higher than before aging. In addition, the device with degraded performance is characterized by optical emission microscopy. When the device is forward biased, dark spot defect is found on the edge of the light-emitting hole of the device after burnin. The internal topography of the device is characterized by FIB-SEM, and the oxide layer warpage is found. This is due to the increase of heat inside the device and the increase of stress in oxide layer, resulting in degradation of device’s performance.","PeriodicalId":502341,"journal":{"name":"Applied Optics and Photonics China","volume":"117 ","pages":"129660X - 129660X-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139175461","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Phase unwrapping is a vital task applied in fringe projection profilometry (FPP). In FPP, fast-speed and high-accuracy three-dimensional (3D) imaging has been the goal. One prominent approach to achieving this objective is the dualfrequency temporal phase unwrapping method (DF-TPU). However, the highest period number for the DF-TPU approach is usually constrained to no more than 16 or 32 by inevitable phase errors, thereby limiting reconstruction precision. For single-camera FPP systems, existing deep learning-based methods capable of unwrapping high-frequency phase maps require accurate labels. This paper proposes a novel deep-learning-based phase unwrapping method for single-camera FPP systems. The inaccurate unit-period phase map is used as the weakly supervised label to guide the convergence of the unwrapping of the high-frequency phase map. The trained network can unwrap the phase map of 64 periods. The proposed approach has been validated in multiple real-world scenarios, including motion blur, isolated objects, non-uniform reflectivity, and phase discontinuity.
{"title":"Weakly supervised phase unwrapping for fringe projection profilometry","authors":"Xiaoming Gao, Wanzhong Song, C. Tan, Junzhe Lei","doi":"10.1117/12.3000154","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.3000154","url":null,"abstract":"Phase unwrapping is a vital task applied in fringe projection profilometry (FPP). In FPP, fast-speed and high-accuracy three-dimensional (3D) imaging has been the goal. One prominent approach to achieving this objective is the dualfrequency temporal phase unwrapping method (DF-TPU). However, the highest period number for the DF-TPU approach is usually constrained to no more than 16 or 32 by inevitable phase errors, thereby limiting reconstruction precision. For single-camera FPP systems, existing deep learning-based methods capable of unwrapping high-frequency phase maps require accurate labels. This paper proposes a novel deep-learning-based phase unwrapping method for single-camera FPP systems. The inaccurate unit-period phase map is used as the weakly supervised label to guide the convergence of the unwrapping of the high-frequency phase map. The trained network can unwrap the phase map of 64 periods. The proposed approach has been validated in multiple real-world scenarios, including motion blur, isolated objects, non-uniform reflectivity, and phase discontinuity.","PeriodicalId":502341,"journal":{"name":"Applied Optics and Photonics China","volume":"79 ","pages":"1296602 - 1296602-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139176293","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yuntao Bai, X. Ding, Peng Lei, G. Jiang, Liang Wu, Guizhong Zhang, Jianquan Yao
A high-power and widely tunable Ti: sapphire laser dual-end pumped by a 10 kHz 532 nm pulsed laser with an output wavelength of 720–890 nm was demonstrated. An effective thermal management was achieved by a dual-end pumping scheme and an elaborate symmetrical flat cavity design, which greatly improved the upper limit of pump power. When the pump power was 41.5 W, a maximum output power of 10.36 W at 800 nm was obtained with a linewidth of 2 nm and a pulse duration of 17 ns. The corresponding conversion efficiency was 25 %.
{"title":"10 kHz high-power widely tunable dual-end pumped Ti:sapphire laser","authors":"Yuntao Bai, X. Ding, Peng Lei, G. Jiang, Liang Wu, Guizhong Zhang, Jianquan Yao","doi":"10.1117/12.3007906","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.3007906","url":null,"abstract":"A high-power and widely tunable Ti: sapphire laser dual-end pumped by a 10 kHz 532 nm pulsed laser with an output wavelength of 720–890 nm was demonstrated. An effective thermal management was achieved by a dual-end pumping scheme and an elaborate symmetrical flat cavity design, which greatly improved the upper limit of pump power. When the pump power was 41.5 W, a maximum output power of 10.36 W at 800 nm was obtained with a linewidth of 2 nm and a pulse duration of 17 ns. The corresponding conversion efficiency was 25 %.","PeriodicalId":502341,"journal":{"name":"Applied Optics and Photonics China","volume":"14 ","pages":"1295913 - 1295913-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139172903","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yu Chuan Yang, Min Bo He, Lei Cai, Si Qi Liu, Zhi Hua Wu, Ya Fei Ding, Lu Ming Huang, Hai Ming Wang, Ru Sheng Sun
With the rapid development of laser technology, the potential risk of on orbit satellites being attacked by laser becomes more and more prominent. According to the types of exposed parts of the satellite, the degree of damage and the impact on the satellite function, the vulnerability analysis of the satellite system to laser irradiation was carried out. The results show that the satellite solar array, thermal control components, star sensors and communication antennas are vulnerable to laser attack, and have different degrees of impact on the long-term or short-term operation status of the satellite. Based on the general function module and information logic of the satellite, the satellite laser irradiation threat assessment software is constructed, and the quantitative assessment results of the damage of different components affecting the satellite status under typical space conditions are obtained through settlement, so as to carry out risk assessment and provide reference for formulating defense strategies.
{"title":"Research on laser threat to satellite","authors":"Yu Chuan Yang, Min Bo He, Lei Cai, Si Qi Liu, Zhi Hua Wu, Ya Fei Ding, Lu Ming Huang, Hai Ming Wang, Ru Sheng Sun","doi":"10.1117/12.3000518","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.3000518","url":null,"abstract":"With the rapid development of laser technology, the potential risk of on orbit satellites being attacked by laser becomes more and more prominent. According to the types of exposed parts of the satellite, the degree of damage and the impact on the satellite function, the vulnerability analysis of the satellite system to laser irradiation was carried out. The results show that the satellite solar array, thermal control components, star sensors and communication antennas are vulnerable to laser attack, and have different degrees of impact on the long-term or short-term operation status of the satellite. Based on the general function module and information logic of the satellite, the satellite laser irradiation threat assessment software is constructed, and the quantitative assessment results of the damage of different components affecting the satellite status under typical space conditions are obtained through settlement, so as to carry out risk assessment and provide reference for formulating defense strategies.","PeriodicalId":502341,"journal":{"name":"Applied Optics and Photonics China","volume":"27 7","pages":"1295908 - 1295908-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139173088","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The liquid refractive index is one of the important optical parameters reflecting the properties of solution. A simple scheme based on shading effect for measuring liquid refractive index is presented. When a light beam passes through the liquid, the total reflection occurs at the interface with the air to produce a shading effect, forming a circular shading pattern, and its radius is related to the refractive index of the liquid. Based on this principle, a liquid refractive index measurement system based on smartphone is built. A rectangle colorimetric dish with tested liquid is illuminated by He-Ne laser. A white stickable label paper is attached to one side of colorimetric dish. Then the circular shading pattern displayed on label paper can be recorded by smartphone. A smartphone data processing program was developed to calculate the liquid refractive index from the image taken by smartphone. System calibration and smartphone shooting parameters are discussed in detail. The refractive index measurement experiments of sucrose solution and sodium chloride solution with different concentrations demonstrate the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed method.
{"title":"Smartphone-based system for measuring liquid refractive index","authors":"Dingnan Deng, Yechang Yu, Chengguo Wang, Bin Huang, Xin Fu, Yuancong Zhong, Ruikai Chen","doi":"10.1117/12.3001216","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.3001216","url":null,"abstract":"The liquid refractive index is one of the important optical parameters reflecting the properties of solution. A simple scheme based on shading effect for measuring liquid refractive index is presented. When a light beam passes through the liquid, the total reflection occurs at the interface with the air to produce a shading effect, forming a circular shading pattern, and its radius is related to the refractive index of the liquid. Based on this principle, a liquid refractive index measurement system based on smartphone is built. A rectangle colorimetric dish with tested liquid is illuminated by He-Ne laser. A white stickable label paper is attached to one side of colorimetric dish. Then the circular shading pattern displayed on label paper can be recorded by smartphone. A smartphone data processing program was developed to calculate the liquid refractive index from the image taken by smartphone. System calibration and smartphone shooting parameters are discussed in detail. The refractive index measurement experiments of sucrose solution and sodium chloride solution with different concentrations demonstrate the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed method.","PeriodicalId":502341,"journal":{"name":"Applied Optics and Photonics China","volume":"427 ","pages":"1296308 - 1296308-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139173238","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In the field of computer vision, point target tracking has always been an important topic and research hotspot, and it is widely used in both military and civilian fields. For the tracking of point targets under complex background, the point targets are extremely small, and their morphological characteristics are not obvious, so they are easily disturbed by background and noise. Secondly, the point targets’ maneuvering, shaking of detection equipment, etc., will change their morphology, resulting in low detection rate and high false alarm rate, which will further affect the accuracy and robustness of point target tracking. Therefore, how to effectively utilize the spatio-temporal information in sequence images to extract the target accurately is a difficult problem. This paper summarizes the existing detection and data association algorithms in point target tracking, analyzes their performance and shortcomings, and discusses the development direction of point target tracking algorithm, that is, algorithms based on multi-feature fusion with strong robustness, high accuracy and small calculation.
{"title":"Research on data association and detection algorithm in point target tracking","authors":"Xiaokun He, Peng Li, Wen Liu","doi":"10.1117/12.3007679","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.3007679","url":null,"abstract":"In the field of computer vision, point target tracking has always been an important topic and research hotspot, and it is widely used in both military and civilian fields. For the tracking of point targets under complex background, the point targets are extremely small, and their morphological characteristics are not obvious, so they are easily disturbed by background and noise. Secondly, the point targets’ maneuvering, shaking of detection equipment, etc., will change their morphology, resulting in low detection rate and high false alarm rate, which will further affect the accuracy and robustness of point target tracking. Therefore, how to effectively utilize the spatio-temporal information in sequence images to extract the target accurately is a difficult problem. This paper summarizes the existing detection and data association algorithms in point target tracking, analyzes their performance and shortcomings, and discusses the development direction of point target tracking algorithm, that is, algorithms based on multi-feature fusion with strong robustness, high accuracy and small calculation.","PeriodicalId":502341,"journal":{"name":"Applied Optics and Photonics China","volume":"230 1","pages":"1296314 - 1296314-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139173277","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Traditionally, diffusion correlation spectroscopy (DCS) calculates blood flow (BF) by measuring the temporal intensity fluctuations of multiple scattered light by DCS devices that fit all the requirements, which consists of a source-detector pair, a data acquisition card, and a host computer. In this paper, a portable DCS device based on STM32 microcontroller unit (MCU) is proposed in order to solve the drawbacks of traditional DCS devices, which are costly and bulky. Arterial occlusion experiment was established by monitoring the subject's arm blood flow changes based on two devices, simultaneously. The experimental results indicated that excellent agreement of blood flow changes measured and intensity auto-correlation function detected by portable DCS device and traditional DCS device.
{"title":"Portable diffusion correlation spectroscopy device for tissue blood flow monitoring based on STM32 microcontroller","authors":"Jiangtao Bai, Zhe Li, Jinchao Feng, Kebin Jia","doi":"10.1117/12.3007554","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.3007554","url":null,"abstract":"Traditionally, diffusion correlation spectroscopy (DCS) calculates blood flow (BF) by measuring the temporal intensity fluctuations of multiple scattered light by DCS devices that fit all the requirements, which consists of a source-detector pair, a data acquisition card, and a host computer. In this paper, a portable DCS device based on STM32 microcontroller unit (MCU) is proposed in order to solve the drawbacks of traditional DCS devices, which are costly and bulky. Arterial occlusion experiment was established by monitoring the subject's arm blood flow changes based on two devices, simultaneously. The experimental results indicated that excellent agreement of blood flow changes measured and intensity auto-correlation function detected by portable DCS device and traditional DCS device.","PeriodicalId":502341,"journal":{"name":"Applied Optics and Photonics China","volume":"203 1","pages":"129631W - 129631W-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139173296","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
According to the application requirements of airship-borne photoelectric payload, a low-noise miniaturized signal processing system for airship-borne multi-spectral infrared camera is designed and implemented. The system includes medium wave signal processing circuit, long wave signal processing circuit and integrated control circuit. High integrated design technology is adopted in medium wave signal processing circuit and long wave signal processing circuit to achieve high-precision bias voltage generation, low-noise analog signal conditioning, detector focal plane temperature monitoring, detector timing generation, image processing, data transmission. The size of each signal processing circuit is only 84mm×50mm×20mm. The integrated control circuit realizes the image data framing and encoding based on ARINC818 standard of the Avionics Digital Video Bus in FPGA, and sends the encoded high-speed digital video to the airship platform through optical fiber, which realizes the highly reliable and lightweight data transmission. After the introduction of the key technologies of each circuit, the experimental verification of the signal processing system for airship-borne multi-spectral infrared camera is carried out. The experimental results show that the design scheme of the signal processing system is reasonable and feasible. While realizing the miniaturization design, the system noise is lower than 0.3mV and the data transmission rate is up to 2.125Gbps, which meets the requirements of camera system.
{"title":"Design of signal processing system for airship-borne multi-spectral infrared camera","authors":"Hua Wang, QiangMin He, QingSheng Yu, Xinchuan You, Guimei Cheng, Long Xiao","doi":"10.1117/12.3007586","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.3007586","url":null,"abstract":"According to the application requirements of airship-borne photoelectric payload, a low-noise miniaturized signal processing system for airship-borne multi-spectral infrared camera is designed and implemented. The system includes medium wave signal processing circuit, long wave signal processing circuit and integrated control circuit. High integrated design technology is adopted in medium wave signal processing circuit and long wave signal processing circuit to achieve high-precision bias voltage generation, low-noise analog signal conditioning, detector focal plane temperature monitoring, detector timing generation, image processing, data transmission. The size of each signal processing circuit is only 84mm×50mm×20mm. The integrated control circuit realizes the image data framing and encoding based on ARINC818 standard of the Avionics Digital Video Bus in FPGA, and sends the encoded high-speed digital video to the airship platform through optical fiber, which realizes the highly reliable and lightweight data transmission. After the introduction of the key technologies of each circuit, the experimental verification of the signal processing system for airship-borne multi-spectral infrared camera is carried out. The experimental results show that the design scheme of the signal processing system is reasonable and feasible. While realizing the miniaturization design, the system noise is lower than 0.3mV and the data transmission rate is up to 2.125Gbps, which meets the requirements of camera system.","PeriodicalId":502341,"journal":{"name":"Applied Optics and Photonics China","volume":"183 ","pages":"129600F - 129600F-11"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139173643","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The interworking between different networks can be effectively realized by implementing all-optical format conversion, and it can improve the flexibility, efficiency and expansibility of the communication system. The all-optical signal processing scheme is only carried out in the optical domain, and it does not require optical-electric-optical (O-E-O) conversion, which greatly improves the transmission rate and processing speed of the communication system. In this paper, an all-optical format conversion scheme from dual-polarization on-off keying (DP-OOK) to quadrature phase shift keying (QPSK) is proposed. The scheme is based on vector phase-sensitive amplification (PSA). Constellation and eye diagram of signals at each stage of system are obtained by simulation, and BER and EVM are calculated to show the performance of the system.
{"title":"DP-OOK to QPSK conversion based on vector phase-sensitive amplification bridging core and access networks","authors":"Zhaoyang Liu, Jiabin Cui, Yuefeng Ji","doi":"10.1117/12.3008064","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.3008064","url":null,"abstract":"The interworking between different networks can be effectively realized by implementing all-optical format conversion, and it can improve the flexibility, efficiency and expansibility of the communication system. The all-optical signal processing scheme is only carried out in the optical domain, and it does not require optical-electric-optical (O-E-O) conversion, which greatly improves the transmission rate and processing speed of the communication system. In this paper, an all-optical format conversion scheme from dual-polarization on-off keying (DP-OOK) to quadrature phase shift keying (QPSK) is proposed. The scheme is based on vector phase-sensitive amplification (PSA). Constellation and eye diagram of signals at each stage of system are obtained by simulation, and BER and EVM are calculated to show the performance of the system.","PeriodicalId":502341,"journal":{"name":"Applied Optics and Photonics China","volume":"74 2","pages":"129640O - 129640O-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139173735","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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