Pub Date : 2023-02-24DOI: 10.1080/10413200.2023.2183281
Robert T. Book, Kristoffer Henriksen, N. Stambulova, O. Mathorne
{"title":"“We are their last chance”: A case study of a college basketball environment in an American underserved community","authors":"Robert T. Book, Kristoffer Henriksen, N. Stambulova, O. Mathorne","doi":"10.1080/10413200.2023.2183281","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10413200.2023.2183281","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50255,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Sport Psychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2023-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43558573","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-23DOI: 10.1080/10413200.2023.2181464
Janine K. Coates, P. Howe
Abstract Research examining the role of parenting in mainstream sporting environments is well developed but little attention has been focused upon parents of young athletes with disabilities. Parents are often a silent workforce in enabling the engagement of young people in competitive sport. In the case of young athletes with parasport aspirations, parenting brings with it added complexity, both practically and psychologically. Thus, it is necessary to understand the experiences of these parents so appropriate support mechanisms can be developed. As a result, this research asked, “what are parents experiences of supporting their disabled child through their parasport journeys?” Using in-depth reflexive thematic analysis underpinned by phenomenology, interviews with eleven parents of elite youth para-athletes who were based in the United Kingdom were carried out. Our analysis indicated parents of young para-athletes share values relating to equality and inclusion, and that social exclusion in mainstream education environments directed these young people toward sport. Parents discussed the complex and multifarious roles they undertook to support their child’s sport engagement, indicating several challenges including limited local disability-specific sport opportunity and funding difficulties. They also highlighted key benefits for the child (e.g., “fitting in,” social belonging and independence) as well as for them (e.g., parental support, worrying less). Findings are discussed in relation to existing literature, and key recommendations in relation to policy and practice are made. Lay summary: Eleven parents of disabled young athletes were interviewed about their experiences of supporting their child in their parasport journeys. Parents discussed their dissatisfaction with mainstream physical education and school sport and their concerns about their child’s social belonging. Sport was seen as a route toward supporting social inclusion but engaging in youth sport as a parent of a disabled child brought challenges and benefits. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE The wider cultural, societal and environmental barriers to sport engagement for disabled youth, and the meaningfulness of social interactions within youth parasport should be considered when developing theoretical models to understand youth sport systems. It may be useful for youth sports programs at all levels to consult with parents of disabled athletes to develop appropriate mechanisms of support and education which reflect the complexity of the disability landscape. Schools and local community sports clubs should reconsider their offerings and develop more opportunities to engage disabled youth in sport, making access to information about these opportunities readily available to parents and young people. Talent identification pathways for disabled youth would benefit from better clarification and clearer signposting processes leading from community to elite sport.
{"title":"Parents in the parasport pathway: Parental experiences of facilitating their child’s engagement in competitive disability sport","authors":"Janine K. Coates, P. Howe","doi":"10.1080/10413200.2023.2181464","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10413200.2023.2181464","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Research examining the role of parenting in mainstream sporting environments is well developed but little attention has been focused upon parents of young athletes with disabilities. Parents are often a silent workforce in enabling the engagement of young people in competitive sport. In the case of young athletes with parasport aspirations, parenting brings with it added complexity, both practically and psychologically. Thus, it is necessary to understand the experiences of these parents so appropriate support mechanisms can be developed. As a result, this research asked, “what are parents experiences of supporting their disabled child through their parasport journeys?” Using in-depth reflexive thematic analysis underpinned by phenomenology, interviews with eleven parents of elite youth para-athletes who were based in the United Kingdom were carried out. Our analysis indicated parents of young para-athletes share values relating to equality and inclusion, and that social exclusion in mainstream education environments directed these young people toward sport. Parents discussed the complex and multifarious roles they undertook to support their child’s sport engagement, indicating several challenges including limited local disability-specific sport opportunity and funding difficulties. They also highlighted key benefits for the child (e.g., “fitting in,” social belonging and independence) as well as for them (e.g., parental support, worrying less). Findings are discussed in relation to existing literature, and key recommendations in relation to policy and practice are made. Lay summary: Eleven parents of disabled young athletes were interviewed about their experiences of supporting their child in their parasport journeys. Parents discussed their dissatisfaction with mainstream physical education and school sport and their concerns about their child’s social belonging. Sport was seen as a route toward supporting social inclusion but engaging in youth sport as a parent of a disabled child brought challenges and benefits. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE The wider cultural, societal and environmental barriers to sport engagement for disabled youth, and the meaningfulness of social interactions within youth parasport should be considered when developing theoretical models to understand youth sport systems. It may be useful for youth sports programs at all levels to consult with parents of disabled athletes to develop appropriate mechanisms of support and education which reflect the complexity of the disability landscape. Schools and local community sports clubs should reconsider their offerings and develop more opportunities to engage disabled youth in sport, making access to information about these opportunities readily available to parents and young people. Talent identification pathways for disabled youth would benefit from better clarification and clearer signposting processes leading from community to elite sport.","PeriodicalId":50255,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Sport Psychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2023-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42965284","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-08DOI: 10.1080/10413200.2023.2176565
Valérian Cece, E. Guillet‐Descas, Michel NICOLAS, Yohan Saby, G. Martinent
Abstract This study aimed to design and evaluate an emotional intelligence (EI) training program for adolescents involved in intensive sport training centers. A total of 31 young elite table-tennis players received EI training through six sessions and a recall period across a competitive season. The athletes completed (1) a self-reported questionnaire at the beginning and at the end of the program to assess intra-individual and inter-individual EI; and (2) a logbook twice a month during a period of 6 months including emotion regulation strategies (ERS), cognitive appraisals, and discrete emotions. The results highlighted an increased level of intra-individual EI, especially for understanding and regulation dimensions. Moreover, multilevel growth curve analyses (MGCAs) revealed adaptive changes for the reported levels of acceptance, refocus on planning, positive reappraisal, average less-adaptive ERS, self-blame, and catastrophizing strategies. These findings support a beneficial effect of the program on ERS. However, the analyses revealed limited results for discrete emotions. Finally, MGCAs also revealed adaptive trajectories in the scores of cognitive appraisals and thus provided further evidence of the benefits of the EI program on threat, challenge, and loss levels. In sum, this interventional study adds to a growing body of EI literature by proposing a theoretically based intervention for adolescents involved in a competitive and emotionally demanding environment. Lay summary: The emotional intelligence is now recognized as a crucial factor to success in competitive sport. It appears crucial to develop these competences among youth athletes which are exposed to various constraints. This study confirms that the emotional intelligence (as some emotion regulation strategies) can be improved with short and adapted interventions.
{"title":"Emotional intelligence training program for adolescents involved in intensive training centers","authors":"Valérian Cece, E. Guillet‐Descas, Michel NICOLAS, Yohan Saby, G. Martinent","doi":"10.1080/10413200.2023.2176565","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10413200.2023.2176565","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This study aimed to design and evaluate an emotional intelligence (EI) training program for adolescents involved in intensive sport training centers. A total of 31 young elite table-tennis players received EI training through six sessions and a recall period across a competitive season. The athletes completed (1) a self-reported questionnaire at the beginning and at the end of the program to assess intra-individual and inter-individual EI; and (2) a logbook twice a month during a period of 6 months including emotion regulation strategies (ERS), cognitive appraisals, and discrete emotions. The results highlighted an increased level of intra-individual EI, especially for understanding and regulation dimensions. Moreover, multilevel growth curve analyses (MGCAs) revealed adaptive changes for the reported levels of acceptance, refocus on planning, positive reappraisal, average less-adaptive ERS, self-blame, and catastrophizing strategies. These findings support a beneficial effect of the program on ERS. However, the analyses revealed limited results for discrete emotions. Finally, MGCAs also revealed adaptive trajectories in the scores of cognitive appraisals and thus provided further evidence of the benefits of the EI program on threat, challenge, and loss levels. In sum, this interventional study adds to a growing body of EI literature by proposing a theoretically based intervention for adolescents involved in a competitive and emotionally demanding environment. Lay summary: The emotional intelligence is now recognized as a crucial factor to success in competitive sport. It appears crucial to develop these competences among youth athletes which are exposed to various constraints. This study confirms that the emotional intelligence (as some emotion regulation strategies) can be improved with short and adapted interventions.","PeriodicalId":50255,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Sport Psychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2023-02-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47657768","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-18DOI: 10.1080/10413200.2023.2166156
J. Sauvé, Katrina J. Waldhauser, B. Wilson, A. Bundon, M. Beauchamp
Abstract The purpose of our study was to examine the perspectives of Olympic coaches and national performance directors regarding factors they felt influence athlete well-being (both positively and negatively), and to explore their perceived roles in contributing to the well-being of their athletes. Coaches (n = 12) and national performance directors (n = 12) participated in semi-structured interviews, that were subjected to reflexive thematic analysis. We adopted a critical interpretivist research paradigm for this study. The findings included three higher-order themes, each of which encompassed two lower-order themes. These higher-order themes included the relentless pursuit of results (i.e., lack of opportunities outside of sport, the focus on results as harmful), the influence of the coach (i.e., the coach as a relationship builder, the coach as a gatekeeper of well-being), and financial uncertainty (i.e., financial uncertainty of the program, financial uncertainty for the athlete). When taken together, the findings highlight that coaches and performance directors were often aware of threats to athlete well-being but were also uncertain how to support athlete well-being or of their role in potentially thwarting the well-being of their Olympic athletes. These findings are discussed within the broader context of the pervading culture of elite sport, and consideration for future research and knowledge mobilization. Lay summary: In this study, we queried Olympic coaches and performance directors regarding factors they felt influence elite athlete well-being, and what they felt their role is in contributing to the well-being of the athletes with whom they work. The findings within our study provide new insight into elite athlete well-being, including potential negative consequences related to the relentless pursuit of results, the impact of the coach, and the effects of financial uncertainty for Olympic athletes. Implications for Practice: The findings highlight that various threats to Olympic athlete well-being persist as a consequence of the underpinning incentive system and priorities within elite sport. The findings demonstrate that coaches and performance directors are, at times, unaware of their role in negatively influencing the well-being of the Olympic athletes with whom they work. The findings underscore that coaches and performance directors acknowledge results are prioritized over all else, but are also often unaware of how to best support the well-being of athletes with whom they work.
{"title":"What supports and what thwarts Olympic athlete well-being?: Coach and organizational perspectives","authors":"J. Sauvé, Katrina J. Waldhauser, B. Wilson, A. Bundon, M. Beauchamp","doi":"10.1080/10413200.2023.2166156","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10413200.2023.2166156","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The purpose of our study was to examine the perspectives of Olympic coaches and national performance directors regarding factors they felt influence athlete well-being (both positively and negatively), and to explore their perceived roles in contributing to the well-being of their athletes. Coaches (n = 12) and national performance directors (n = 12) participated in semi-structured interviews, that were subjected to reflexive thematic analysis. We adopted a critical interpretivist research paradigm for this study. The findings included three higher-order themes, each of which encompassed two lower-order themes. These higher-order themes included the relentless pursuit of results (i.e., lack of opportunities outside of sport, the focus on results as harmful), the influence of the coach (i.e., the coach as a relationship builder, the coach as a gatekeeper of well-being), and financial uncertainty (i.e., financial uncertainty of the program, financial uncertainty for the athlete). When taken together, the findings highlight that coaches and performance directors were often aware of threats to athlete well-being but were also uncertain how to support athlete well-being or of their role in potentially thwarting the well-being of their Olympic athletes. These findings are discussed within the broader context of the pervading culture of elite sport, and consideration for future research and knowledge mobilization. Lay summary: In this study, we queried Olympic coaches and performance directors regarding factors they felt influence elite athlete well-being, and what they felt their role is in contributing to the well-being of the athletes with whom they work. The findings within our study provide new insight into elite athlete well-being, including potential negative consequences related to the relentless pursuit of results, the impact of the coach, and the effects of financial uncertainty for Olympic athletes. Implications for Practice: The findings highlight that various threats to Olympic athlete well-being persist as a consequence of the underpinning incentive system and priorities within elite sport. The findings demonstrate that coaches and performance directors are, at times, unaware of their role in negatively influencing the well-being of the Olympic athletes with whom they work. The findings underscore that coaches and performance directors acknowledge results are prioritized over all else, but are also often unaware of how to best support the well-being of athletes with whom they work.","PeriodicalId":50255,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Sport Psychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2023-01-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46625986","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-18DOI: 10.1080/10413200.2023.2166157
J. S. Kesenheimer, Christina Sagioglou, A. Kronbichler, P. Gauckler, F. Kolbinger
Abstract Both recreational and competitive cycling such as strenuous ultra-cycling have grown in popularity over the last decades. Still, the underlying psychological predictors and their interplay with mental health are unknown. We therefore examined the psychological determinants and health outcomes related to the cycling ambitions of 2,331 international cyclists ranging from commuters via leisure to competitive ultra-cyclists. First, groupwise analysis showed that social and external motives, cycling-induced pain affinity, sensation seeking, benign masochism, low neuroticism, openness, conscientiousness and prior mental health problems most clearly differed between the types of cyclists, with values increasing by level of ambition (commuting vs. leisure vs. competitive). Yet, even within groups, we observed a strong variation of ambition. To capture these nuances, we created a path model with cycling ambition as a latent variable based on five indicators (e.g, frequency of cycling, following a training plan). Path analysis confirmed that social and external motives were important determinants of cycling ambition, partly mediating the effects of masochism and sensation seeking. Furthermore, while partly driven by prior mental health problems, cycling ambition positively predicted current mental health, suggesting that cycling may be a safe way to challenge oneself and potentially serves as a strategy to overcome psychopathological episodes. Longitudinal and qualitative research could follow up on some of the causal relationships proposed in the present model, particularly with regard to ambitious cycling functioning as a potentially unconscious self-therapeutic behavior. Lay summary: Cycling is currently more popular than ever. To understand who cycles for which reason and with which consequences, we surveyed cyclists of various ambitions ranging from commuting via leisure to competitive ultra-cycling about their pain affinity, benign masochism, sensation seeking, motives for cycling, and mental and physical health.
{"title":"Why do people cycle (a lot)? A multivariate approach on mental health, personality traits and motivation as determinants for cycling ambition","authors":"J. S. Kesenheimer, Christina Sagioglou, A. Kronbichler, P. Gauckler, F. Kolbinger","doi":"10.1080/10413200.2023.2166157","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10413200.2023.2166157","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Both recreational and competitive cycling such as strenuous ultra-cycling have grown in popularity over the last decades. Still, the underlying psychological predictors and their interplay with mental health are unknown. We therefore examined the psychological determinants and health outcomes related to the cycling ambitions of 2,331 international cyclists ranging from commuters via leisure to competitive ultra-cyclists. First, groupwise analysis showed that social and external motives, cycling-induced pain affinity, sensation seeking, benign masochism, low neuroticism, openness, conscientiousness and prior mental health problems most clearly differed between the types of cyclists, with values increasing by level of ambition (commuting vs. leisure vs. competitive). Yet, even within groups, we observed a strong variation of ambition. To capture these nuances, we created a path model with cycling ambition as a latent variable based on five indicators (e.g, frequency of cycling, following a training plan). Path analysis confirmed that social and external motives were important determinants of cycling ambition, partly mediating the effects of masochism and sensation seeking. Furthermore, while partly driven by prior mental health problems, cycling ambition positively predicted current mental health, suggesting that cycling may be a safe way to challenge oneself and potentially serves as a strategy to overcome psychopathological episodes. Longitudinal and qualitative research could follow up on some of the causal relationships proposed in the present model, particularly with regard to ambitious cycling functioning as a potentially unconscious self-therapeutic behavior. Lay summary: Cycling is currently more popular than ever. To understand who cycles for which reason and with which consequences, we surveyed cyclists of various ambitions ranging from commuting via leisure to competitive ultra-cycling about their pain affinity, benign masochism, sensation seeking, motives for cycling, and mental and physical health.","PeriodicalId":50255,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Sport Psychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2023-01-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46285783","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-18DOI: 10.1080/10413200.2023.2166155
Shannon Burke, Lee-Ann Sharp, D. Woods, Kyle F. Paradis
Abstract Research exploring athletes and coaches’ perceptions of parent involvement in youth sport has demonstrated the presence of maladaptive parent involvement in youth sport. This research has provided insights into inappropriate parenting practices displayed in the youth sport environment. However, representative of the broader sport parenting literature, data has been primarily gleaned from sports such as tennis and football. In a bid to diversify participant populations, the present study sought to examine female youth golfers’ views of unsupportive parental behaviors within the competitive youth golf environment. Fourteen online synchronous focus groups were conducted with 61 female youth golfers in the specializing (n = 27) and investment (n = 34) stages of development, recruited from seven countries across three continents (Australia, Canada, England, Finland, Ireland, New Zealand, and Scotland). Reflexive thematic analysis revealed three higher-order categories of unsupportive parental behaviors: Emotional Ill-Treatment; Physical Ill-Treatment; and Pressurizing Behavior. Parenting practices consistent with emotional ill-treatment (e.g., verbal ill-treatment) have been previously discussed within the sport parenting literature, however the presence of physical ill-treatment displayed by parents toward child-athletes has not been commonly reported. The present research provides novel insights into athletes’ perceptions of these maladaptive behaviors, and demonstrates that, similar to other youth sports, unsupportive parental behaviors are evident in the youth golf environment. The findings of the current research further reinforce the need for reporting mechanisms for allegations of abuse within youth sport, continued stakeholder education, the development of safeguarding cultures, and also the need to explore parents’ experiences of exhibiting maladaptive involvement. Lay summary: Female youth golfers’ views of unsupportive parental behaviors in the specializing and investment stages of development were explored. Three higher order categories of unsupportive parental behaviors in competitive youth golf were identified: Emotional Ill-Treatment; Physical Ill-Treatment; and Pressurizing Behavior. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE Findings highlight the need for applied practitioners to work with sport organizations in developing and implementing holistic safeguarding cultures, to prevent child maltreatment in youth sport. Findings can be utilized by applied practitioners, governing bodies, and sport organizations to inform the content of future educational resources and programs for parents of youth golfers,
{"title":"Athletes’ perceptions of unsupportive parental behaviours in competitive female youth golf","authors":"Shannon Burke, Lee-Ann Sharp, D. Woods, Kyle F. Paradis","doi":"10.1080/10413200.2023.2166155","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10413200.2023.2166155","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Research exploring athletes and coaches’ perceptions of parent involvement in youth sport has demonstrated the presence of maladaptive parent involvement in youth sport. This research has provided insights into inappropriate parenting practices displayed in the youth sport environment. However, representative of the broader sport parenting literature, data has been primarily gleaned from sports such as tennis and football. In a bid to diversify participant populations, the present study sought to examine female youth golfers’ views of unsupportive parental behaviors within the competitive youth golf environment. Fourteen online synchronous focus groups were conducted with 61 female youth golfers in the specializing (n = 27) and investment (n = 34) stages of development, recruited from seven countries across three continents (Australia, Canada, England, Finland, Ireland, New Zealand, and Scotland). Reflexive thematic analysis revealed three higher-order categories of unsupportive parental behaviors: Emotional Ill-Treatment; Physical Ill-Treatment; and Pressurizing Behavior. Parenting practices consistent with emotional ill-treatment (e.g., verbal ill-treatment) have been previously discussed within the sport parenting literature, however the presence of physical ill-treatment displayed by parents toward child-athletes has not been commonly reported. The present research provides novel insights into athletes’ perceptions of these maladaptive behaviors, and demonstrates that, similar to other youth sports, unsupportive parental behaviors are evident in the youth golf environment. The findings of the current research further reinforce the need for reporting mechanisms for allegations of abuse within youth sport, continued stakeholder education, the development of safeguarding cultures, and also the need to explore parents’ experiences of exhibiting maladaptive involvement. Lay summary: Female youth golfers’ views of unsupportive parental behaviors in the specializing and investment stages of development were explored. Three higher order categories of unsupportive parental behaviors in competitive youth golf were identified: Emotional Ill-Treatment; Physical Ill-Treatment; and Pressurizing Behavior. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE Findings highlight the need for applied practitioners to work with sport organizations in developing and implementing holistic safeguarding cultures, to prevent child maltreatment in youth sport. Findings can be utilized by applied practitioners, governing bodies, and sport organizations to inform the content of future educational resources and programs for parents of youth golfers,","PeriodicalId":50255,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Sport Psychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2023-01-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42790063","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-11DOI: 10.1080/10413200.2023.2166154
D. Brevers, P. Philippot
Abstract Inhibitory retrieval has redefined the way that exposure therapy can help individuals cope with debilitative states of fear and anxiety. Here we propose that an inhibitory retrieval-based model of exposure therapy could also be applied to the context of sport competition. We first discuss the usefulness of applying inhibitory retrieval-based exposure to emotion regulation in sport environments and provide therapeutic strategies for adopting this approach for athletes with performance anxiety and states of fear of failure. This proposal is followed by a case description that illustrates how this inhibitory retrieval approach could be used to help athletes get better at coping with fear and anxiety during a sport competition. We conclude by providing further guidelines for helping practitioners apply the inhibitory retrieval approach while working with athletes who experience debilitative states of anxiety during sport competition. Lay summary: This theoretical and case study paper discusses the application of inhibitory retrieval-based exposure for helping athletes who experience dysfunctional states of anxiety during competition. Inhibitory retrieval-based exposure aims to assist the athletes in creating new experiences when confronted with the pressure of sport competition. Here we aim to describe in detail how inhibitory retrieval-based exposure could be applied to sport environments by providing therapeutic strategies for adopting this approach for athletes with performance anxiety and states of fear of failure. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE Inhibitory retrieval-based exposure helps athletes cope with states of debilitative anxiety. This approach should also help athletes focus on optimal ways to perform under anxiety. Inhibitory retrieval-based exposure should reinvigorate the athlete-environment dynamic.
{"title":"An inhibitory retrieval approach for maximizing exposure therapy in elite sport","authors":"D. Brevers, P. Philippot","doi":"10.1080/10413200.2023.2166154","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10413200.2023.2166154","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Inhibitory retrieval has redefined the way that exposure therapy can help individuals cope with debilitative states of fear and anxiety. Here we propose that an inhibitory retrieval-based model of exposure therapy could also be applied to the context of sport competition. We first discuss the usefulness of applying inhibitory retrieval-based exposure to emotion regulation in sport environments and provide therapeutic strategies for adopting this approach for athletes with performance anxiety and states of fear of failure. This proposal is followed by a case description that illustrates how this inhibitory retrieval approach could be used to help athletes get better at coping with fear and anxiety during a sport competition. We conclude by providing further guidelines for helping practitioners apply the inhibitory retrieval approach while working with athletes who experience debilitative states of anxiety during sport competition. Lay summary: This theoretical and case study paper discusses the application of inhibitory retrieval-based exposure for helping athletes who experience dysfunctional states of anxiety during competition. Inhibitory retrieval-based exposure aims to assist the athletes in creating new experiences when confronted with the pressure of sport competition. Here we aim to describe in detail how inhibitory retrieval-based exposure could be applied to sport environments by providing therapeutic strategies for adopting this approach for athletes with performance anxiety and states of fear of failure. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE Inhibitory retrieval-based exposure helps athletes cope with states of debilitative anxiety. This approach should also help athletes focus on optimal ways to perform under anxiety. Inhibitory retrieval-based exposure should reinvigorate the athlete-environment dynamic.","PeriodicalId":50255,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Sport Psychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2023-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43865686","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-05DOI: 10.1080/10413200.2022.2158250
Enni Heikura, K. Aunola, A. Tolvanen, T. Ryba, H. Selänne
Abstract Daily workloads of adolescent student-athletes can be extremely high because of their investment in both school and sport. Adolescents are especially vulnerable to mood disturbances and disorders and thus mental health problems, as they experience psychological, physiological, and social shifts at this key stage of human development. The present study aims to provide information on the mental health of Finnish high school athletes by investigating their mood state profiles and the potential associations of sex, type of sport, and level of performance in sports and school with those profiles. Data were gathered through an online survey of 444 male and female student-athletes (aged 16–17) during the spring term of their second grade of high school. The 37-item Profile of Mood States questionnaire was used to measure mood states, with four mood state profiles found: (1) the surface profile (39.8%), (2) the Everest profile (13.2%), (3) the inverse Everest profile (13.2%), and (4) the iceberg profile (33.8%). Of the background variables, only sex was found to be related with the mood state profiles, with the Everest profile much more common in males (74.2%) than in females (25.8%). In addition, the energy index and total mood disturbance of mood states were higher among males than among females. The findings indicate that it is important to pay special attention to the mood states of young student-athletes, particularly females, and to create support systems that foster their resilience in combining sport and studies. Lay summary: This study explores mood in adolescent student-athletes in terms of mood state profiles, total mood disturbance, and energy index. Profile of Mood State (POMS) metrics were used to determine mood state profiles; POMS has previously been found to be a valid indicator of the state of athletes’ mental health. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE There is a need to pay special attention to adolescent female student-athletes’ coping and resilience when combining school and sport. Fatigue may be a notable impairing factor concerning student-athletes’ academic performance at school. POMS is a valid and recommended tool to monitor and measure the mood state of athletes.
{"title":"Student-athletes’ mood state profiles: the role of sports, sex, and performance level in sports and in school","authors":"Enni Heikura, K. Aunola, A. Tolvanen, T. Ryba, H. Selänne","doi":"10.1080/10413200.2022.2158250","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10413200.2022.2158250","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Daily workloads of adolescent student-athletes can be extremely high because of their investment in both school and sport. Adolescents are especially vulnerable to mood disturbances and disorders and thus mental health problems, as they experience psychological, physiological, and social shifts at this key stage of human development. The present study aims to provide information on the mental health of Finnish high school athletes by investigating their mood state profiles and the potential associations of sex, type of sport, and level of performance in sports and school with those profiles. Data were gathered through an online survey of 444 male and female student-athletes (aged 16–17) during the spring term of their second grade of high school. The 37-item Profile of Mood States questionnaire was used to measure mood states, with four mood state profiles found: (1) the surface profile (39.8%), (2) the Everest profile (13.2%), (3) the inverse Everest profile (13.2%), and (4) the iceberg profile (33.8%). Of the background variables, only sex was found to be related with the mood state profiles, with the Everest profile much more common in males (74.2%) than in females (25.8%). In addition, the energy index and total mood disturbance of mood states were higher among males than among females. The findings indicate that it is important to pay special attention to the mood states of young student-athletes, particularly females, and to create support systems that foster their resilience in combining sport and studies. Lay summary: This study explores mood in adolescent student-athletes in terms of mood state profiles, total mood disturbance, and energy index. Profile of Mood State (POMS) metrics were used to determine mood state profiles; POMS has previously been found to be a valid indicator of the state of athletes’ mental health. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE There is a need to pay special attention to adolescent female student-athletes’ coping and resilience when combining school and sport. Fatigue may be a notable impairing factor concerning student-athletes’ academic performance at school. POMS is a valid and recommended tool to monitor and measure the mood state of athletes.","PeriodicalId":50255,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Sport Psychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2023-01-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41826479","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-18DOI: 10.1080/10413200.2022.2146809
Jonathan Lasnier, N. Durand-Bush
Abstract There is a paucity of research examining exercise-induced pain (EIP) management in elite endurance sports. The purpose of this study was therefore to investigate how elite endurance athletes experience and manage EIP to help inform the work of Mental Performance Consultants. Individual semi-structured interviews were conducted with 12 female and three male athletes (Mage = 23.73, SD = 2.31) competing in track and field (i.e., 600–1,500 m; n = 5), swimming (i.e., 200–400 m; n = 5), and canoe kayak (i.e., 500–1,000 m; n = 5). Given the centrality of self-regulation in elite sports and in the management of internal states (e.g., EIP), the social cognitive model of self-regulation was used to guide this study and to derive practical implications. The template analysis generated (a) two themes (i.e., sensations, beliefs) and six subthemes (e.g., tightness, progressive) related to the experience of EIP as well as (b) three themes (i.e., preparation, execution, evaluation) and 17 subthemes (e.g., accept and commit to EIP, direct attention away from EIP, reflect using a training journal) related to the management of EIP. Findings suggest that the experience of EIP is highly cognitive and generally perceived as detrimental to performance if not effectively managed. Athletes used several psychological strategies to prepare to experience EIP, reduce the aversive effects of EIP while performing, and learn from their EIP management strategies to improve their coping capacity. Importantly, combining self-regulation and mindfulness strategies appears to be valuable to successfully manage EIP. Lay summary: This study examined how elite track and field, swimming, and canoe kayak athletes experience and manage exercise-induced pain when training at a high intensity and competing. Beliefs and sensations influenced the experience of EIP and athletes used 17 psychological strategies to manage this prominent psychological demand. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE Mental Performance Consultants are encouraged to: Emphasize the development of preparation strategies to manage EIP as this phase seems to be a priority. Specifically, accepting and committing to experiencing EIP appears to be essential. Help endurance athletes focus on performance-relevant cues (e.g., cadence, technique, relaxing, race plan) and the present moment (e.g., one repetition/segment at a time) when experiencing EIP. Develop a brief guided self-reflection tool that endurance athletes can use to assess the experience and management of EIP.
{"title":"How elite endurance athletes experience and manage exercise-induced pain: Implications for mental performance consultants","authors":"Jonathan Lasnier, N. Durand-Bush","doi":"10.1080/10413200.2022.2146809","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10413200.2022.2146809","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract There is a paucity of research examining exercise-induced pain (EIP) management in elite endurance sports. The purpose of this study was therefore to investigate how elite endurance athletes experience and manage EIP to help inform the work of Mental Performance Consultants. Individual semi-structured interviews were conducted with 12 female and three male athletes (Mage = 23.73, SD = 2.31) competing in track and field (i.e., 600–1,500 m; n = 5), swimming (i.e., 200–400 m; n = 5), and canoe kayak (i.e., 500–1,000 m; n = 5). Given the centrality of self-regulation in elite sports and in the management of internal states (e.g., EIP), the social cognitive model of self-regulation was used to guide this study and to derive practical implications. The template analysis generated (a) two themes (i.e., sensations, beliefs) and six subthemes (e.g., tightness, progressive) related to the experience of EIP as well as (b) three themes (i.e., preparation, execution, evaluation) and 17 subthemes (e.g., accept and commit to EIP, direct attention away from EIP, reflect using a training journal) related to the management of EIP. Findings suggest that the experience of EIP is highly cognitive and generally perceived as detrimental to performance if not effectively managed. Athletes used several psychological strategies to prepare to experience EIP, reduce the aversive effects of EIP while performing, and learn from their EIP management strategies to improve their coping capacity. Importantly, combining self-regulation and mindfulness strategies appears to be valuable to successfully manage EIP. Lay summary: This study examined how elite track and field, swimming, and canoe kayak athletes experience and manage exercise-induced pain when training at a high intensity and competing. Beliefs and sensations influenced the experience of EIP and athletes used 17 psychological strategies to manage this prominent psychological demand. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE Mental Performance Consultants are encouraged to: Emphasize the development of preparation strategies to manage EIP as this phase seems to be a priority. Specifically, accepting and committing to experiencing EIP appears to be essential. Help endurance athletes focus on performance-relevant cues (e.g., cadence, technique, relaxing, race plan) and the present moment (e.g., one repetition/segment at a time) when experiencing EIP. Develop a brief guided self-reflection tool that endurance athletes can use to assess the experience and management of EIP.","PeriodicalId":50255,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Sport Psychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2022-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48979491","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-11DOI: 10.1080/10413200.2022.2140224
A. Quartiroli, R. Schinke, Cole E. Giffin, J. Vosloo, Leslee A. Fisher
Abstract Sport psychology scholars and practitioners (SPPs) now recognize the importance of cultural competence (CC). However, only a few SPPs have deliberately centered CC in their practice. The purpose of this study was to understand how SPPs conceptualize and develop CC within their professional practice. Our study is grounded in a critical realist ontology and framed within the consensual qualitative research method (CQR). Using a semi-structured interview guide, we interviewed 25 globally situated SPPs (13 males, 12 females) with three to 40 years of professional experience (17.83, SD = 10.88) residing on four different continents. We constructed seven categories to provide a snapshot of how SPPs conceptualize, develop, and emphasize CC as an ethical and moral obligation to engage in effective professional practice. The participating SPPs described how CC is contextual and encompasses one’s cultural knowledge, awareness, and skills developed from professional and personal cultural interactions and investment in cultural professional development. The SPPs shared how CC plays a relevant role in their sport psychology practice. We also highlighted how culture and CC are frequently conceptualized and experienced from a one-dimensional perspective, overlooking the importance of how cultural identities and modes of being interact within and between SPPs and clients or participants. The implications for individuals and professional bodies are discussed for professional development, training, and effective practice. Lay summary: Cultural competence is an ethical and moral obligation for SPPs to engage in effective professional practice. In this study, a multinational group of SPPs shared how they conceptualize, develop, and implement cultural competence within their professional practice. Applied Implications The development of and deliberate consideration of CC into applied and scholarly practice is an ethical and moral responsibility It is important for SPPs to invest in developing their CC, becoming comfortable with making mistakes, and engaging in difficult conversations. It is important for SPPs to ground their CC development in their own reflections as well as personal and professional cultural encounters.
{"title":"Cultural competence in a multinational group of sport psychology professionals","authors":"A. Quartiroli, R. Schinke, Cole E. Giffin, J. Vosloo, Leslee A. Fisher","doi":"10.1080/10413200.2022.2140224","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10413200.2022.2140224","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Sport psychology scholars and practitioners (SPPs) now recognize the importance of cultural competence (CC). However, only a few SPPs have deliberately centered CC in their practice. The purpose of this study was to understand how SPPs conceptualize and develop CC within their professional practice. Our study is grounded in a critical realist ontology and framed within the consensual qualitative research method (CQR). Using a semi-structured interview guide, we interviewed 25 globally situated SPPs (13 males, 12 females) with three to 40 years of professional experience (17.83, SD = 10.88) residing on four different continents. We constructed seven categories to provide a snapshot of how SPPs conceptualize, develop, and emphasize CC as an ethical and moral obligation to engage in effective professional practice. The participating SPPs described how CC is contextual and encompasses one’s cultural knowledge, awareness, and skills developed from professional and personal cultural interactions and investment in cultural professional development. The SPPs shared how CC plays a relevant role in their sport psychology practice. We also highlighted how culture and CC are frequently conceptualized and experienced from a one-dimensional perspective, overlooking the importance of how cultural identities and modes of being interact within and between SPPs and clients or participants. The implications for individuals and professional bodies are discussed for professional development, training, and effective practice. Lay summary: Cultural competence is an ethical and moral obligation for SPPs to engage in effective professional practice. In this study, a multinational group of SPPs shared how they conceptualize, develop, and implement cultural competence within their professional practice. Applied Implications The development of and deliberate consideration of CC into applied and scholarly practice is an ethical and moral responsibility It is important for SPPs to invest in developing their CC, becoming comfortable with making mistakes, and engaging in difficult conversations. It is important for SPPs to ground their CC development in their own reflections as well as personal and professional cultural encounters.","PeriodicalId":50255,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Sport Psychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2022-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41676906","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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