Pub Date : 2022-07-19DOI: 10.1080/10413200.2022.2098877
James Brown, M. Slater
Abstract The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of a novel identity leadership-framed reflective practice intervention for developing sport coach leadership skills. We adopted an eight-week randomized control intervention design, including five experimental group coaches and their associated athletes (n = 47) and four control group coaches and their athletes (n = 32). Athletes’ perceptions of their coach engaging in identity leadership behaviors were measured at Weeks 0 and 8 for both groups. The experimental group coaches completed three specifically designed social identity-framed reflective practice tasks in Weeks 1, 3, and 5. Results showed that when controlling for baseline scores and compared to the control condition, the experimental condition reported significantly greater advancement, entrepreneurship, and impresarioship, but not prototypicality at post-intervention. The results provide support for the use of tailored reflective practice interventions to elicit desirable identity leadership behaviors as perceived by athletes. Lay summary: Leadership is a key aspect of team sport performance. Reflective practice is a core component of coach development. The present study shows the potential to develop leadership through social identity-framed reflective practice activities. Implications for practice Investigation of new ways for developing leadership In-direct development of Identity Leadership Multi-faceted and innovative approach to reflective practice
{"title":"Improving identity leadership through a novel targeted reflective practice intervention","authors":"James Brown, M. Slater","doi":"10.1080/10413200.2022.2098877","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10413200.2022.2098877","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of a novel identity leadership-framed reflective practice intervention for developing sport coach leadership skills. We adopted an eight-week randomized control intervention design, including five experimental group coaches and their associated athletes (n = 47) and four control group coaches and their athletes (n = 32). Athletes’ perceptions of their coach engaging in identity leadership behaviors were measured at Weeks 0 and 8 for both groups. The experimental group coaches completed three specifically designed social identity-framed reflective practice tasks in Weeks 1, 3, and 5. Results showed that when controlling for baseline scores and compared to the control condition, the experimental condition reported significantly greater advancement, entrepreneurship, and impresarioship, but not prototypicality at post-intervention. The results provide support for the use of tailored reflective practice interventions to elicit desirable identity leadership behaviors as perceived by athletes. Lay summary: Leadership is a key aspect of team sport performance. Reflective practice is a core component of coach development. The present study shows the potential to develop leadership through social identity-framed reflective practice activities. Implications for practice Investigation of new ways for developing leadership In-direct development of Identity Leadership Multi-faceted and innovative approach to reflective practice","PeriodicalId":50255,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Sport Psychology","volume":"35 1","pages":"625 - 642"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2022-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47435594","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-14DOI: 10.1080/10413200.2022.2075982
Emerald Muriwai, Sam Manuela, C. Cartwright, L. Rowe
Abstract Indigenous voices and perspectives are necessary in advancing applied and global sport psychology. In Aotearoa New Zealand, Māori sport and exercise professionals are thriving despite existing systems that devalue, discriminate and exclude Māori from fulfilling their potential. This qualitative study investigated the perspectives of ten Māori sport and exercise experts including academics, allied health professionals, athletes, coaches and Māori healers in order to develop a critical understanding of their work related experiences and analyze the diverse forms of knowledge on which they draw. Participants-collaborators were interviewed using an insider research design to facilitate discussion about their current work. Results support a “space between” model and suggest that Māori sport and exercise work enables excellence in sport performance while also meeting holistic wellbeing needs of communities. Māori exercise professionals identified that their presence in their respective fields “speaks back” to racist practices and entrenched barriers that colonize Māori success. Further, applying holistic notions of wellbeing and ancestral knowledge to sport and exercise was seen as default and ordinary; shifting the illusion that sport and exercise operates in a culture-less, timeless and physical vacuum. From an applied and Indigenous perspective, these results emphasize that Indigenous sport leadership and practices are unequaled by Western methods and science alone. Māori exercise professionals demonstrate cultural innovation and intersectionality that not only revolutionizes sport, but brings with it essential community wellbeing. Lay summary: This article explores the experiences of ten Māori exercise professionals and analyses the diverse forms of knowledge they draw on in their work. The study provides insight into how Māori exercise professionals utilize their knowledge of social contexts and culture, in turn expanding the scope of sport and exercise psychology.
{"title":"Māori exercise professionals: Using Indigenous knowledge to connect the space between performance and wellbeing","authors":"Emerald Muriwai, Sam Manuela, C. Cartwright, L. Rowe","doi":"10.1080/10413200.2022.2075982","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10413200.2022.2075982","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Indigenous voices and perspectives are necessary in advancing applied and global sport psychology. In Aotearoa New Zealand, Māori sport and exercise professionals are thriving despite existing systems that devalue, discriminate and exclude Māori from fulfilling their potential. This qualitative study investigated the perspectives of ten Māori sport and exercise experts including academics, allied health professionals, athletes, coaches and Māori healers in order to develop a critical understanding of their work related experiences and analyze the diverse forms of knowledge on which they draw. Participants-collaborators were interviewed using an insider research design to facilitate discussion about their current work. Results support a “space between” model and suggest that Māori sport and exercise work enables excellence in sport performance while also meeting holistic wellbeing needs of communities. Māori exercise professionals identified that their presence in their respective fields “speaks back” to racist practices and entrenched barriers that colonize Māori success. Further, applying holistic notions of wellbeing and ancestral knowledge to sport and exercise was seen as default and ordinary; shifting the illusion that sport and exercise operates in a culture-less, timeless and physical vacuum. From an applied and Indigenous perspective, these results emphasize that Indigenous sport leadership and practices are unequaled by Western methods and science alone. Māori exercise professionals demonstrate cultural innovation and intersectionality that not only revolutionizes sport, but brings with it essential community wellbeing. Lay summary: This article explores the experiences of ten Māori exercise professionals and analyses the diverse forms of knowledge they draw on in their work. The study provides insight into how Māori exercise professionals utilize their knowledge of social contexts and culture, in turn expanding the scope of sport and exercise psychology.","PeriodicalId":50255,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Sport Psychology","volume":"35 1","pages":"83 - 109"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2022-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43217916","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-31DOI: 10.1080/10413200.2022.2078904
H. Perelman, Justine J. Reel
Abstract A paucity of research persists surrounding disordered eating among sub-populations of athletes with diverse identities. In this commentary, we argue that in the absence of extensive research to understand the nuances embedded in sub-populations of athletes, using a culturally humble approach is preferable and recommended in identifying and preventing disordered eating in athletes. Cultural humility is a powerful guiding framework for sport psychology professionals to navigate the underrepresented, “unheard voices” of disordered eating in sport. Specifically, engaging in the 5 Rs of cultural humility (Reflection, Respect, Regard, Relevance, and Resiliency) may help sport psychology professionals: a) become aware of and help reduce stereotypes that label certain athletes as disordered, and b) listen deeply to the individual experiences of the athlete while remaining aware of the inherent sport professional-athlete power imbalance. We offer recommendations based on current eating disorder research, gaps in this body of literature, and highlight recent publications on cultural humility for professionals to consider when addressing and preventing disordered eating concerns. Lay summary: Sport psychology professionals may benefit from a culturally humble approach to disordered eating in athletes. We acknowledge that more research needs to be conducted on disordered eating in athletes with intersecting identities. We propose that a cultural humility framework can inform a richer understanding of diverse presentations of disordered eating. Implications for Practice Enhance early identification of disordered eating and reduce instances of missed identification by engaging in a culturally humble approach to working with athletes Promote a sport culture that listens to the needs of individual athletes rather than focusing on body, weight, or appearance
{"title":"Using a culturally humble approach to examine and address disordered eating in sport","authors":"H. Perelman, Justine J. Reel","doi":"10.1080/10413200.2022.2078904","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10413200.2022.2078904","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract A paucity of research persists surrounding disordered eating among sub-populations of athletes with diverse identities. In this commentary, we argue that in the absence of extensive research to understand the nuances embedded in sub-populations of athletes, using a culturally humble approach is preferable and recommended in identifying and preventing disordered eating in athletes. Cultural humility is a powerful guiding framework for sport psychology professionals to navigate the underrepresented, “unheard voices” of disordered eating in sport. Specifically, engaging in the 5 Rs of cultural humility (Reflection, Respect, Regard, Relevance, and Resiliency) may help sport psychology professionals: a) become aware of and help reduce stereotypes that label certain athletes as disordered, and b) listen deeply to the individual experiences of the athlete while remaining aware of the inherent sport professional-athlete power imbalance. We offer recommendations based on current eating disorder research, gaps in this body of literature, and highlight recent publications on cultural humility for professionals to consider when addressing and preventing disordered eating concerns. Lay summary: Sport psychology professionals may benefit from a culturally humble approach to disordered eating in athletes. We acknowledge that more research needs to be conducted on disordered eating in athletes with intersecting identities. We propose that a cultural humility framework can inform a richer understanding of diverse presentations of disordered eating. Implications for Practice Enhance early identification of disordered eating and reduce instances of missed identification by engaging in a culturally humble approach to working with athletes Promote a sport culture that listens to the needs of individual athletes rather than focusing on body, weight, or appearance","PeriodicalId":50255,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Sport Psychology","volume":"35 1","pages":"643 - 657"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2022-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42842704","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-22DOI: 10.1080/10413200.2022.2061637
William R. Low, P. Freeman, Joanne Butt, M. Stoker, I. Maynard
Abstract To prepare athletes for psychological pressure of competition, pressure training (PT) systematically applies pressure on athletes during training. This study explored how to create pressure for PT and how PT improves performance in competition. Specifically, it aimed to explore the views of sport psychologists and athletes on: (a) common properties of effective pressure manipulations, and (b) PT’s mechanisms for improving performance under pressure. Eight sport psychologists and eight international-level athletes participated in semi-structured interviews. Thematic analysis identified three properties of effective pressure manipulations: (a) extending the reach of consequences, (b) simulating psychological demands of competition, and (c) approximating, but not replicating, intensity of competition pressure. Analysis also produced three themes that described how PT benefits performance: (a) learn and practice coping skills, (b) “change the relationship” with pressure, and (c) increase the quality of training. Understanding these benefits can help communicate to athletes why they should participate in PT. Lay summary: Pressure in training can help athletes adjust to pressure in competition, and this study found that practitioners can create pressure by applying psychological demands and consequences that have an extended impact on athletes. Athletes can then practice coping skills and learn that pressure does not have to hurt performance. Applied implications To create pressure in training, practitioners should implement pressure manipulations that increase the sense of importance to perform well. These pressure manipulations include consequences that have extended reach or demands that emphasize psychological challenges of competition. PT helps athletes train mental skills learned in workshops or one-on-one consulting.
{"title":"The role and creation of pressure in training: Perspectives of athletes and sport psychologists","authors":"William R. Low, P. Freeman, Joanne Butt, M. Stoker, I. Maynard","doi":"10.1080/10413200.2022.2061637","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10413200.2022.2061637","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract To prepare athletes for psychological pressure of competition, pressure training (PT) systematically applies pressure on athletes during training. This study explored how to create pressure for PT and how PT improves performance in competition. Specifically, it aimed to explore the views of sport psychologists and athletes on: (a) common properties of effective pressure manipulations, and (b) PT’s mechanisms for improving performance under pressure. Eight sport psychologists and eight international-level athletes participated in semi-structured interviews. Thematic analysis identified three properties of effective pressure manipulations: (a) extending the reach of consequences, (b) simulating psychological demands of competition, and (c) approximating, but not replicating, intensity of competition pressure. Analysis also produced three themes that described how PT benefits performance: (a) learn and practice coping skills, (b) “change the relationship” with pressure, and (c) increase the quality of training. Understanding these benefits can help communicate to athletes why they should participate in PT. Lay summary: Pressure in training can help athletes adjust to pressure in competition, and this study found that practitioners can create pressure by applying psychological demands and consequences that have an extended impact on athletes. Athletes can then practice coping skills and learn that pressure does not have to hurt performance. Applied implications To create pressure in training, practitioners should implement pressure manipulations that increase the sense of importance to perform well. These pressure manipulations include consequences that have extended reach or demands that emphasize psychological challenges of competition. PT helps athletes train mental skills learned in workshops or one-on-one consulting.","PeriodicalId":50255,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Sport Psychology","volume":"35 1","pages":"710 - 730"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2022-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44189816","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-22DOI: 10.1080/10413200.2022.2051643
Hannah Levi, R. Wadey, Tanya Bunsell, Melissa C. Day, K. Hays, P. Lampard
Abstract Underpinned by critical feminist psychology and in response to repeated calls to explore how the dynamics of gender inform coaching practices, this study aimed to explore the experiences of men and women coaches to better understand the role of gendered expectations in elite sports environments and how these are reproduced within a Western European country’s elite sport system. Data were collected over 18 months via fieldwork observations and semi-structured interviews with 10 elite coaches, from five Olympic and professional sports. Data were analyzed using reflexive thematic analysis. Using the concept of hegemony as a theoretical lens to interpret the data, macro (i.e., wider socio-cultural norms), meso (i.e., organizational practices), and micro (i.e., coaches experiences working with women athletes) levels were identified. The findings demonstrate that each level plays a role in actively producing and reproducing the broader power relations between genders within and beyond the sporting environment. ‘Moments of intervention’ are offered to coaches and sports personnel to create more inclusive environments to provide optimal support for women athletes. Lay summary: Over an 18-month period of observations and interviews, this research explores elite coaches’ perceptions of working with world-class women athletes across a range of sports. Underpinned by critical feminist psychology, the importance of using a holistic approach to understand how multi-level factors impact the support elite women athletes receive was identified. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE The findings demonstrate the need to encourage people working in elite sports to reflect on their underlying gender biases. Coaches should be cautious of stereotyping elite women athletes, with an aim instead to understand individuals against the backdrop of a gendered world. Gender should be seen as a complex set of social relations that requires open and frequent dialogue to assess and challenge the narrative of how women athletes are viewed, spoken about, and treated within the elite sports environment.
{"title":"Women in a man’s world: Coaching women in elite sport","authors":"Hannah Levi, R. Wadey, Tanya Bunsell, Melissa C. Day, K. Hays, P. Lampard","doi":"10.1080/10413200.2022.2051643","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10413200.2022.2051643","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Underpinned by critical feminist psychology and in response to repeated calls to explore how the dynamics of gender inform coaching practices, this study aimed to explore the experiences of men and women coaches to better understand the role of gendered expectations in elite sports environments and how these are reproduced within a Western European country’s elite sport system. Data were collected over 18 months via fieldwork observations and semi-structured interviews with 10 elite coaches, from five Olympic and professional sports. Data were analyzed using reflexive thematic analysis. Using the concept of hegemony as a theoretical lens to interpret the data, macro (i.e., wider socio-cultural norms), meso (i.e., organizational practices), and micro (i.e., coaches experiences working with women athletes) levels were identified. The findings demonstrate that each level plays a role in actively producing and reproducing the broader power relations between genders within and beyond the sporting environment. ‘Moments of intervention’ are offered to coaches and sports personnel to create more inclusive environments to provide optimal support for women athletes. Lay summary: Over an 18-month period of observations and interviews, this research explores elite coaches’ perceptions of working with world-class women athletes across a range of sports. Underpinned by critical feminist psychology, the importance of using a holistic approach to understand how multi-level factors impact the support elite women athletes receive was identified. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE The findings demonstrate the need to encourage people working in elite sports to reflect on their underlying gender biases. Coaches should be cautious of stereotyping elite women athletes, with an aim instead to understand individuals against the backdrop of a gendered world. Gender should be seen as a complex set of social relations that requires open and frequent dialogue to assess and challenge the narrative of how women athletes are viewed, spoken about, and treated within the elite sports environment.","PeriodicalId":50255,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Sport Psychology","volume":"35 1","pages":"571 - 597"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2022-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48541625","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-14DOI: 10.1080/10413200.2022.2044406
Dave Smith, R. Keegan
Abstract This position paper examines decision-making in sport psychology practitioners from a dual processing perspective. Based on the work of Kahneman and Tversky, we draw upon cognitive and social psychology research to explore key decision-making vulnerabilities in the context of the sport psychology practitioner. We examine the influence of classic heuristics and biases, exploring issues such as: an exclusive focus on the inside view; tunnel vision; focusing on disposition as opposed to situation; the sport environment as a complex adaptive system; formulas for success; phase transitions; and conflating skill and luck. When considering how to combat such decision-making vulnerabilities, we explore a ‘counterintuitive’ approach developed by Mauboussin to mitigating these, and explain how sport psychology practitioners can apply such strategies. We suggest counterweight strategies, including: raising awareness of how biases and heuristics may be affecting our decision-making; diversifying our perspectives; proactively seeking critical feedback from diverse sources; creating useful checklists; and performing ‘pre-mortems’. Likewise, we explore strategies for future research on decision-making in sport psychology practitioners. Lay summary: This position paper draws on research from social, cognitive and sport psychology to explore key decision-making vulnerabilities in the context of the sport psychology practitioner. We provide evidence-based suggestions to mitigate these vulnerabilities, and strategies for how practitioners can apply these ideas in their practice. Implications for Practice A dual-processing approach has considerable potential for highlighting, and mitigating against, key decision-making vulnerabilities in sport psychology practitioners The systematic use of evidence-based strategies could greatly enhance decision-making quality in practitioners.
{"title":"Managing vulnerabilities in practitioner decision-making within sport psychology services: Responding to the evidence base","authors":"Dave Smith, R. Keegan","doi":"10.1080/10413200.2022.2044406","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10413200.2022.2044406","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This position paper examines decision-making in sport psychology practitioners from a dual processing perspective. Based on the work of Kahneman and Tversky, we draw upon cognitive and social psychology research to explore key decision-making vulnerabilities in the context of the sport psychology practitioner. We examine the influence of classic heuristics and biases, exploring issues such as: an exclusive focus on the inside view; tunnel vision; focusing on disposition as opposed to situation; the sport environment as a complex adaptive system; formulas for success; phase transitions; and conflating skill and luck. When considering how to combat such decision-making vulnerabilities, we explore a ‘counterintuitive’ approach developed by Mauboussin to mitigating these, and explain how sport psychology practitioners can apply such strategies. We suggest counterweight strategies, including: raising awareness of how biases and heuristics may be affecting our decision-making; diversifying our perspectives; proactively seeking critical feedback from diverse sources; creating useful checklists; and performing ‘pre-mortems’. Likewise, we explore strategies for future research on decision-making in sport psychology practitioners. Lay summary: This position paper draws on research from social, cognitive and sport psychology to explore key decision-making vulnerabilities in the context of the sport psychology practitioner. We provide evidence-based suggestions to mitigate these vulnerabilities, and strategies for how practitioners can apply these ideas in their practice. Implications for Practice A dual-processing approach has considerable potential for highlighting, and mitigating against, key decision-making vulnerabilities in sport psychology practitioners The systematic use of evidence-based strategies could greatly enhance decision-making quality in practitioners.","PeriodicalId":50255,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Sport Psychology","volume":"35 1","pages":"433 - 454"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2022-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46957883","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-11DOI: 10.1080/10413200.2022.2046659
Daniel R. F. Martin, A. Quartiroli, C. Wagstaff
Abstract Scholars from the psychology and mental health professions have previously identified the value of self-care for enhancing practitioners personal and professional well-being, and fitness to practice. Despite these advances, self-care in sport psychology practitioners has received limited attention from scholars, with the few extant studies investigating senior practitioners’ self-care. As such, there currently exists little understanding of how neophyte practitioners understand, experience and enact self-care. In the current study, we aimed to better understand SPP self-care early in individuals’ professional development. Grounded in ontological relativism, we recruited 18 self-identified white neophyte SPPs residing in the United Kingdom (12 females and 6 males), aged between 24 and 52 years (Mage = 31.94, SD age = 7.81), to take part in semi-structured interviews in which we explored their experiences of enacting self-care during their training. Five main themes were constructed following a reflexive thematic analysis of data. These themes were: (a) What self-care means to neophyte SPPs, (b) The cornerstones of self-care, (c) What facilitates neophyte’s self-care, (d) The self-care hurdles that neophytes face and (e) The self-care actions that neophytes implement. These findings contribute to the nascent body of literature exploring self-care within SPP populations and serve to better illuminate neophyte SPPs’ understanding of self-care and how they perceive their interactions with the profession to impact their ability to enact self-care. The current lack of emphasis on self-care in SPP training pathways and employment settings as well as key considerations for the development of greater self-care awareness within current and future neophyte cohorts is discussed. Lay summary: In this study we explored the self-care experiences of 18 neophyte Sport Psychology Practitioners (SPPs). Analysis of interview data identified the meaning of self-care to neophyte SPPs, the key mechanisms, such as self-awareness, that underpin self-care as well as the facilitating and challenging aspects related to engaging in self-care. APPLIED IMPLICATIONS Neophyte sport psychology practitioners perceive engaging in self-care to be of benefit to a positive work-life balance and their holistic development. The development of mechanisms such as self-awareness and psychological flexibility in one’s self-care practices may be beneficial to promoting effective self-care for neophytes. Greater efforts from employing organizations, regulatory bodies and educational institutions are needed to better communicate the importance of self-care during training.
{"title":"A qualitative exploration of neophyte sport psychology practitioners self-care experiences and perceptions","authors":"Daniel R. F. Martin, A. Quartiroli, C. Wagstaff","doi":"10.1080/10413200.2022.2046659","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10413200.2022.2046659","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Scholars from the psychology and mental health professions have previously identified the value of self-care for enhancing practitioners personal and professional well-being, and fitness to practice. Despite these advances, self-care in sport psychology practitioners has received limited attention from scholars, with the few extant studies investigating senior practitioners’ self-care. As such, there currently exists little understanding of how neophyte practitioners understand, experience and enact self-care. In the current study, we aimed to better understand SPP self-care early in individuals’ professional development. Grounded in ontological relativism, we recruited 18 self-identified white neophyte SPPs residing in the United Kingdom (12 females and 6 males), aged between 24 and 52 years (Mage = 31.94, SD age = 7.81), to take part in semi-structured interviews in which we explored their experiences of enacting self-care during their training. Five main themes were constructed following a reflexive thematic analysis of data. These themes were: (a) What self-care means to neophyte SPPs, (b) The cornerstones of self-care, (c) What facilitates neophyte’s self-care, (d) The self-care hurdles that neophytes face and (e) The self-care actions that neophytes implement. These findings contribute to the nascent body of literature exploring self-care within SPP populations and serve to better illuminate neophyte SPPs’ understanding of self-care and how they perceive their interactions with the profession to impact their ability to enact self-care. The current lack of emphasis on self-care in SPP training pathways and employment settings as well as key considerations for the development of greater self-care awareness within current and future neophyte cohorts is discussed. Lay summary: In this study we explored the self-care experiences of 18 neophyte Sport Psychology Practitioners (SPPs). Analysis of interview data identified the meaning of self-care to neophyte SPPs, the key mechanisms, such as self-awareness, that underpin self-care as well as the facilitating and challenging aspects related to engaging in self-care. APPLIED IMPLICATIONS Neophyte sport psychology practitioners perceive engaging in self-care to be of benefit to a positive work-life balance and their holistic development. The development of mechanisms such as self-awareness and psychological flexibility in one’s self-care practices may be beneficial to promoting effective self-care for neophytes. Greater efforts from employing organizations, regulatory bodies and educational institutions are needed to better communicate the importance of self-care during training.","PeriodicalId":50255,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Sport Psychology","volume":"35 1","pages":"874 - 896"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2022-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49565182","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-05DOI: 10.1080/10413200.2022.2055224
N. Durand-Bush, J. Baker, Frank van den Berg, Veronique Richard, G. Bloom
Abstract The Gold Medal Profile for Sport Psychology (GMP-SP) is a comprehensive, evidence-informed framework integrating mental performance competencies underpinning the athletic performances of Canadian athletes capable of stepping onto the Para/Olympic Podium. The GMP-SP was established to guide Mental Performance Consultants (MPCs) and National Sport Organizations (NSOs) in their design, delivery, tracking, and evaluation of mental skills programs in the Canadian high performance sport system. A Participatory Action Research approach involving a 2-year cyclical process of planning, action, reflection, and evaluation informed the collaborative work of six experienced Canadian MPCs (four men, two women). The group, whose lived experience was integral to the relevance and impact of the inquiry collectively had over 125 years of experience conducting research and consulting in high performance sport. A review of the scientific literature combined with the experts’ professional practice led to the creation of the GMP-SP, which includes 11 mental performance competencies grouped under three broad categories: (a) fundamental competencies (motivation, confidence, resilience), (b) self-regulation competencies (self-awareness, stress management, emotion, and arousal regulation, attentional control), and (c) interpersonal competencies (athlete-coach relationship, leadership, teamwork, communication). Mental health was also included as an overarching construct influencing the achievement of mental and athletic performance. The GMP-SP fulfills an important gap given the current lack of models, methods, and tools to guide the operationalization of mental performance systems in high performance sport that include both intrapersonal and interpersonal competencies. Lay summary: The Gold Medal Profile for Sport Psychology (GMP-SP) is a framework integrating 11 mental performance competencies underpinning podium success in Canadian high performance sport, with attention to mental health. The GMP-SP is intended to guide practitioners and sport leaders in their sport psychology programming and resource allocation to support athletes in their quest for excellence. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE Mental Performance Consultants (MPCs) can use the Gold Medal Profile for Sport Psychology (GMP-SP) for the assessment, periodization, and implementation of mental skills training programs in high performance sport. The GMP-SP can be used to educate athletes, coaches, and staff about the importance of mental performance skills to achieve success in high performance sport. The GMP-SP uniquely highlights intrapersonal and interpersonal competencies and the interplay between mental performance and mental health. The analogy of gold, silver, and bronze in the GMP-SP can help practitioners, scholars, and sport leaders to plan, test, and allocate adequate resources and funding for the development of mental competencies.
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Pub Date : 2022-04-05DOI: 10.1080/10413200.2022.2055222
Sharon R. Couch, Leslee A. Fisher, Lauren K. McHenry, Matthew J. Moore
Abstract The purpose of the current study was to bring to voice and position US African American female Olympians’ lived experiences of selected identity components (i.e., race, gender, athletic identity) as they navigated specific transitions during their competitive careers. Informed by Consensual Qualitative Research methods (CQR) including a semi-structured interview guide, 10 US African American female Olympians were interviewed regarding their experiences as a Black female athlete (i.e., M = 48.1 years). A four-member research team constructed five domains and 19 categories to represent participants’ experiences including: (a) initial track and field experience; (b) transition to university; (c) university experience; (d) transition to Olympic and professional competition; and (e) Olympic and professional experience. Suggestions for future research are also given. Lay summary: African American female track Olympians are visible in sport yet remain invisible in sport psychology research. Ten Olympians shared their identity transitions from early talent identification through recruiting and their collegiate experience to making the Olympic team through post-Olympic competition. Implications include the need for applied sport psychology professionals to understand: (a) the intersectional identity transitions and race-gendered experiences that African American female Olympians can face (i.e., this is essential so that we can offer culturally competent professional service delivery); (b) how African American female Olympians navigate white sport spaces (c) the lack of support structures needed for equitable access to practitioners; and (d) that Certified Mental Performance Coaches (CMPC) are uniquely situated to support athletes’ well-being and performance goals during these sport transitions.
{"title":"Coming to voice: Intersections of identity for Olympic female African American sprinters","authors":"Sharon R. Couch, Leslee A. Fisher, Lauren K. McHenry, Matthew J. Moore","doi":"10.1080/10413200.2022.2055222","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10413200.2022.2055222","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The purpose of the current study was to bring to voice and position US African American female Olympians’ lived experiences of selected identity components (i.e., race, gender, athletic identity) as they navigated specific transitions during their competitive careers. Informed by Consensual Qualitative Research methods (CQR) including a semi-structured interview guide, 10 US African American female Olympians were interviewed regarding their experiences as a Black female athlete (i.e., M = 48.1 years). A four-member research team constructed five domains and 19 categories to represent participants’ experiences including: (a) initial track and field experience; (b) transition to university; (c) university experience; (d) transition to Olympic and professional competition; and (e) Olympic and professional experience. Suggestions for future research are also given. Lay summary: African American female track Olympians are visible in sport yet remain invisible in sport psychology research. Ten Olympians shared their identity transitions from early talent identification through recruiting and their collegiate experience to making the Olympic team through post-Olympic competition. Implications include the need for applied sport psychology professionals to understand: (a) the intersectional identity transitions and race-gendered experiences that African American female Olympians can face (i.e., this is essential so that we can offer culturally competent professional service delivery); (b) how African American female Olympians navigate white sport spaces (c) the lack of support structures needed for equitable access to practitioners; and (d) that Certified Mental Performance Coaches (CMPC) are uniquely situated to support athletes’ well-being and performance goals during these sport transitions.","PeriodicalId":50255,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Sport Psychology","volume":"35 1","pages":"63 - 82"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2022-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42580160","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-28DOI: 10.1080/10413200.2022.2055221
Erica Tibbetts, Kelsey Parks Smith
Abstract Sport psychology (SP), is often dominated by hegemonic viewpoints, and has historically lacked multiculturalism and awareness of intersectional oppression and marginalized identities, resulting in feelings of alienation for Black, Indigenous and people of color (BIPOC) practitioners. Literature from Association for Applied Sport Psychology (AASP) recommends mentorship as a way to foster professional growth and well-being. However, recommendations are often vague concerning the obstacles to success, systemic racism, sexism, and other forms of oppression that affect young professionals. By combining the specific demands of SP with critical race theory, feminist and womanist mentorship practices, and intersectionality, we outline a model of mentorship that aims to foster well-being and retention for BIPOC professionals. Specific recommendations include (1) directly naming obstacles related to systemic oppression; (2) fostering a sense of mutual care, trust, and refuge between mentor and mentee; and (3) avoiding exploitation and advocating for mentee success and thriving. Questions to be considered are (1) whether same-identity mentorship is necessary for a successful mentor-mentee relationship; and (2) how to work within a neoliberal university or sporting system. Lay summary: Mentorship is essential to becoming a competent and certified sport psychology professional. Research has noted that most sport psychologists are white and male, and we use various theories to examine how mentorship practices can improve so that more minority and female practitioners can join and thrive in the profession. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE In order to transform the field, mid-level and experienced sport psychology practitioners who have the capacity should provide caring, critical, and collaborative mentorship to BIPOC practitioners. Practitioners who serve as mentors should deliberately discuss the racism, misogyny, and other obstacles that exist in sports and academia. Mentors should borrow from feminist, womanist, CRT, and intersectionality scholars to create liberatory non-hierarchal relationships that foster institutional change.
{"title":"Beyond “a good fit”: Examining effective mentorship for BIPOC practitioners in a predominantly white profession","authors":"Erica Tibbetts, Kelsey Parks Smith","doi":"10.1080/10413200.2022.2055221","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10413200.2022.2055221","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Sport psychology (SP), is often dominated by hegemonic viewpoints, and has historically lacked multiculturalism and awareness of intersectional oppression and marginalized identities, resulting in feelings of alienation for Black, Indigenous and people of color (BIPOC) practitioners. Literature from Association for Applied Sport Psychology (AASP) recommends mentorship as a way to foster professional growth and well-being. However, recommendations are often vague concerning the obstacles to success, systemic racism, sexism, and other forms of oppression that affect young professionals. By combining the specific demands of SP with critical race theory, feminist and womanist mentorship practices, and intersectionality, we outline a model of mentorship that aims to foster well-being and retention for BIPOC professionals. Specific recommendations include (1) directly naming obstacles related to systemic oppression; (2) fostering a sense of mutual care, trust, and refuge between mentor and mentee; and (3) avoiding exploitation and advocating for mentee success and thriving. Questions to be considered are (1) whether same-identity mentorship is necessary for a successful mentor-mentee relationship; and (2) how to work within a neoliberal university or sporting system. Lay summary: Mentorship is essential to becoming a competent and certified sport psychology professional. Research has noted that most sport psychologists are white and male, and we use various theories to examine how mentorship practices can improve so that more minority and female practitioners can join and thrive in the profession. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE In order to transform the field, mid-level and experienced sport psychology practitioners who have the capacity should provide caring, critical, and collaborative mentorship to BIPOC practitioners. Practitioners who serve as mentors should deliberately discuss the racism, misogyny, and other obstacles that exist in sports and academia. Mentors should borrow from feminist, womanist, CRT, and intersectionality scholars to create liberatory non-hierarchal relationships that foster institutional change.","PeriodicalId":50255,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Sport Psychology","volume":"35 1","pages":"46 - 62"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2022-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45709931","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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