Pub Date : 2022-02-16DOI: 10.1080/10413200.2022.2032477
Morgan Rogers, P. Werthner
Abstract The COVID-19 pandemic, and the Tokyo Olympic Games postponement, has created unprecedented challenges for Olympic level athletes. Given the adversity athletes have faced since the World Health Organization (WHO) declared COVID-19 a global pandemic, the construct of psychological resilience is a useful framework for understanding athlete experiences during this time, and is conceptualized by Fletcher and Sarkar as an individual’s ability to protect against the negative effect of stressors. The purpose of this research was to explore the experiences of Canadian athletes preparing for the Tokyo summer Olympic Games during the COVID-19 global pandemic. Interviews were conducted with 20 Canadian athletes across individual and team sports. The participants spoke of the multiple ways they were taking care of themselves and developing resilience throughout the pandemic, highlighting the complexity involved with managing an adversity. Four narratives illuminate the athletes’ experiences: the critical role of context, the essential nature of social support, the importance of being more than an athlete, and the relevance of learning to reflect on one’s life. For these athletes, factors such as Olympic qualification, stage of their career, physical and mental health, and access to resources influenced their experience of the pandemic, demonstrating the importance of both individual and environmental factors when exploring resilience. Importantly, the athletes did not manage this adversity on their own, but received strong support. Therefore, sport psychology consultants can assist an athlete’s development of resilience by providing expertise and taking into account an athlete’s personal context. Lay summary: Twenty athletes preparing for the Tokyo Olympic Games during the COVID-19 pandemic were interviewed and four narratives are presented. All athletes were experiencing the pandemic differently based on their personal circumstances and were managing the adversity with social support, reflection, and pursuits beyond sport. APPLIED IMPLICATIONS Develop resources for coaches, athletes, and sport psychology practitioners to become competent in understanding and developing a high-performance sport environment that is both challenging and supportive Recognize the importance of social support in learning how to effectively reflect and develop pursuits outside of high-performance sport Understand and develop resilience, in a way that promotes, rather than diminishes, mental health
{"title":"Gathering narratives: Athletes’ experiences preparing for the Tokyo summer olympic games during a global pandemic","authors":"Morgan Rogers, P. Werthner","doi":"10.1080/10413200.2022.2032477","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10413200.2022.2032477","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The COVID-19 pandemic, and the Tokyo Olympic Games postponement, has created unprecedented challenges for Olympic level athletes. Given the adversity athletes have faced since the World Health Organization (WHO) declared COVID-19 a global pandemic, the construct of psychological resilience is a useful framework for understanding athlete experiences during this time, and is conceptualized by Fletcher and Sarkar as an individual’s ability to protect against the negative effect of stressors. The purpose of this research was to explore the experiences of Canadian athletes preparing for the Tokyo summer Olympic Games during the COVID-19 global pandemic. Interviews were conducted with 20 Canadian athletes across individual and team sports. The participants spoke of the multiple ways they were taking care of themselves and developing resilience throughout the pandemic, highlighting the complexity involved with managing an adversity. Four narratives illuminate the athletes’ experiences: the critical role of context, the essential nature of social support, the importance of being more than an athlete, and the relevance of learning to reflect on one’s life. For these athletes, factors such as Olympic qualification, stage of their career, physical and mental health, and access to resources influenced their experience of the pandemic, demonstrating the importance of both individual and environmental factors when exploring resilience. Importantly, the athletes did not manage this adversity on their own, but received strong support. Therefore, sport psychology consultants can assist an athlete’s development of resilience by providing expertise and taking into account an athlete’s personal context. Lay summary: Twenty athletes preparing for the Tokyo Olympic Games during the COVID-19 pandemic were interviewed and four narratives are presented. All athletes were experiencing the pandemic differently based on their personal circumstances and were managing the adversity with social support, reflection, and pursuits beyond sport. APPLIED IMPLICATIONS Develop resources for coaches, athletes, and sport psychology practitioners to become competent in understanding and developing a high-performance sport environment that is both challenging and supportive Recognize the importance of social support in learning how to effectively reflect and develop pursuits outside of high-performance sport Understand and develop resilience, in a way that promotes, rather than diminishes, mental health","PeriodicalId":50255,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Sport Psychology","volume":"35 1","pages":"330 - 348"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2022-02-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41812392","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-02-10DOI: 10.1080/10413200.2022.2035849
E. A. Castillo, Carly Block, Matthew D. Bird, G. Chow
Abstract Professional philosophy has received increased attention as a topic of research and applied interest. A professional philosophy is believed to develop during the early years of consulting and evolve as a function of experience, advanced education and training, reflective practice, and supervision. To systematically investigate this proposed transition, this study sought to analyze novice and expert mental performance consultants’ (MPCs) professional philosophies using Poczwardowski et al.’s hierarchical structure of professional philosophy as a guiding framework. Additionally, this study aimed to explore perceptions of how a professional philosophy might improve consultant effectiveness. Eighteen participants (9 novice MPCs, 9 expert MPCs) were interviewed about the various components of their professional philosophy. Findings revealed key similarities and differences between the types of philosophies that novice and expert MPCs adopted in their practice. Novice and expert consultants exuded their values in the relationships with their clients, however, experts modeled their values through their behaviors. Although both groups used their chosen theoretical paradigm to guide their work with clients, expert MPCs specifically mentioned using this to aid their case conceptualization. Benefits of understanding one’s unique philosophy to provide sport psychology services were also highlighted by both groups. Findings help to further highlight the importance of developing a consulting philosophy as a novice consultant. Furthermore, understanding one’s philosophical approach to practice could be important for ensuring seasoned consultants are providing effective services to clients. Lay summary: Professional philosophy is a fundamental driving force of mental performance service delivery and represents a valuable asset for both junior and senior practitioners. Professional philosophy is characterized by the purpose, values, beliefs, and ideals underlying one’s consulting approach and underpins the decisions regarding which theories, principles, interventions and techniques to utilize in practice to facilitate change. Based on the nuances observed when comparing philosophies of novice and expert mental performance consultants, practitioners of all levels can benefit from periodically reflecting upon their consulting philosophy to continuously hone their craft and improve their competence and efficacy. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE Novice mental performance consultants should look to develop a philosophy in line with their values and beliefs at an early stage in their career. Expert consultants should continue to be aware of their own philosophy and recognize the importance of how it contributes to an effective and coherent delivery of service.
{"title":"A qualitative analysis of novice and expert mental performance consultants’ professional philosophies","authors":"E. A. Castillo, Carly Block, Matthew D. Bird, G. Chow","doi":"10.1080/10413200.2022.2035849","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10413200.2022.2035849","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Professional philosophy has received increased attention as a topic of research and applied interest. A professional philosophy is believed to develop during the early years of consulting and evolve as a function of experience, advanced education and training, reflective practice, and supervision. To systematically investigate this proposed transition, this study sought to analyze novice and expert mental performance consultants’ (MPCs) professional philosophies using Poczwardowski et al.’s hierarchical structure of professional philosophy as a guiding framework. Additionally, this study aimed to explore perceptions of how a professional philosophy might improve consultant effectiveness. Eighteen participants (9 novice MPCs, 9 expert MPCs) were interviewed about the various components of their professional philosophy. Findings revealed key similarities and differences between the types of philosophies that novice and expert MPCs adopted in their practice. Novice and expert consultants exuded their values in the relationships with their clients, however, experts modeled their values through their behaviors. Although both groups used their chosen theoretical paradigm to guide their work with clients, expert MPCs specifically mentioned using this to aid their case conceptualization. Benefits of understanding one’s unique philosophy to provide sport psychology services were also highlighted by both groups. Findings help to further highlight the importance of developing a consulting philosophy as a novice consultant. Furthermore, understanding one’s philosophical approach to practice could be important for ensuring seasoned consultants are providing effective services to clients. Lay summary: Professional philosophy is a fundamental driving force of mental performance service delivery and represents a valuable asset for both junior and senior practitioners. Professional philosophy is characterized by the purpose, values, beliefs, and ideals underlying one’s consulting approach and underpins the decisions regarding which theories, principles, interventions and techniques to utilize in practice to facilitate change. Based on the nuances observed when comparing philosophies of novice and expert mental performance consultants, practitioners of all levels can benefit from periodically reflecting upon their consulting philosophy to continuously hone their craft and improve their competence and efficacy. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE Novice mental performance consultants should look to develop a philosophy in line with their values and beliefs at an early stage in their career. Expert consultants should continue to be aware of their own philosophy and recognize the importance of how it contributes to an effective and coherent delivery of service.","PeriodicalId":50255,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Sport Psychology","volume":"35 1","pages":"412 - 432"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2022-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59542722","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-02-10DOI: 10.1080/10413200.2022.2032478
Stefanie Gazmin, Cailie S. McGuire, A. Benson, Luc J. Martin
Abstract Effective onboarding practices benefit both the incoming members and the organization as a whole. However, to date, existing onboarding literature has focused exclusively on the incoming members, with little attention to those in their social network, such as family members (e.g., partners, parents/guardians). The purpose of this study was to explore onboarding practices within a professional sport context (i.e., National Basketball Association), with a specific emphasis on understanding the experiences of family members involved in the transition process with an athlete. A qualitative approach was undertaken, involving semi-structured interviews with people who facilitated or had undergone onboarding: organizational representatives (n = 11), athletes (n = 5), and family members (n = 6). Findings demonstrated the importance of resource and information sharing, valuing family members, and developing social capital for successful onboarding, and identified several considerations (e.g., timing, acquisition type) and barriers (e.g., member turnover, status hierarchy). Ultimately, although organizations acknowledged the importance of purposefully onboarding family members, none prioritized the task or had a systematic process in place. These findings reinforce the importance of considering significant others when onboarding professional athletes and provide suggestions for future research directions and practical advancements within the elite sport context. Lay summary: Family members, such as partners and parents/guardians, play an important role in assisting professional athletes through career transitions. While family members experience similar stressors during transition periods, they are often not considered in the onboarding process. Results highlight that family members require purposeful onboarding from sporting organizations to be successfully integrated into a new environment. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE The current findings emphasize the importance of being purposeful and prioritizing family members during the onboarding process of professional athletes. For successful onboarding to occur, organizations should know who will be onboarded and subsequently, provide tailored resources to ensure they feel informed and valued. It is integral that systematic and formal mentoring efforts (e.g., forming a mentoring network) are put in place to foster a sense of connection amongst family members within an organization.
{"title":"What about the family? Onboarding athletes’ entourage into professional sport organizations","authors":"Stefanie Gazmin, Cailie S. McGuire, A. Benson, Luc J. Martin","doi":"10.1080/10413200.2022.2032478","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10413200.2022.2032478","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Effective onboarding practices benefit both the incoming members and the organization as a whole. However, to date, existing onboarding literature has focused exclusively on the incoming members, with little attention to those in their social network, such as family members (e.g., partners, parents/guardians). The purpose of this study was to explore onboarding practices within a professional sport context (i.e., National Basketball Association), with a specific emphasis on understanding the experiences of family members involved in the transition process with an athlete. A qualitative approach was undertaken, involving semi-structured interviews with people who facilitated or had undergone onboarding: organizational representatives (n = 11), athletes (n = 5), and family members (n = 6). Findings demonstrated the importance of resource and information sharing, valuing family members, and developing social capital for successful onboarding, and identified several considerations (e.g., timing, acquisition type) and barriers (e.g., member turnover, status hierarchy). Ultimately, although organizations acknowledged the importance of purposefully onboarding family members, none prioritized the task or had a systematic process in place. These findings reinforce the importance of considering significant others when onboarding professional athletes and provide suggestions for future research directions and practical advancements within the elite sport context. Lay summary: Family members, such as partners and parents/guardians, play an important role in assisting professional athletes through career transitions. While family members experience similar stressors during transition periods, they are often not considered in the onboarding process. Results highlight that family members require purposeful onboarding from sporting organizations to be successfully integrated into a new environment. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE The current findings emphasize the importance of being purposeful and prioritizing family members during the onboarding process of professional athletes. For successful onboarding to occur, organizations should know who will be onboarded and subsequently, provide tailored resources to ensure they feel informed and valued. It is integral that systematic and formal mentoring efforts (e.g., forming a mentoring network) are put in place to foster a sense of connection amongst family members within an organization.","PeriodicalId":50255,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Sport Psychology","volume":"35 1","pages":"392 - 411"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2022-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47550395","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-02-07DOI: 10.1080/10413200.2021.2024625
K. Tamminen, J. Watson
Abstract Athletes’ emotional responses to injuries may include feeling sad, angry, anxious, frustrated, helpless, irritated, and confused about their identity as athletes. Emotions are central in athletes’ sport injury experiences, yet most therapeutic approaches described in the sport psychology literature are grounded in cognitive-behavioural traditions and strategies may tend to emphasize controlling or suppressing emotions. Emotion Focused Therapy (EFT) is a robust, empirically-supported therapeutic approach grounded in experiential therapy and emotion theory that can be used to help athletes deal with injury-related difficulties. This position paper presents a rationale for using EFT in working with injured athletes. We review foundational principles of EFT and the conceptualization of emotions, emotion regulation, and dysregulation from an EFT perspective. Drawing on EFT theory, we present a conceptualization of five challenges and conflicts that arise within athletes’ injury experiences: (a) attending to the body and listening to the body; (b) tending to the pain versus pushing through pain; (c) interpersonal challenges and conflicts with others; (d) injuries as a challenge to athlete identity; and (e) concerns about time left in career and falling behind. Examples of ‘in vivo’ interactions between therapists and athletes are also presented to bring to life the use of EFT strategies and techniques, and we conclude with directions for future research and suggestions for practitioners to advance the use of EFT within the field of sport psychology. Lay summary: Emotion Focused Therapy (EFT) is a process-experiential, person-centered therapeutic approach that holds promise for clinicians and therapists working with injured athletes. EFT could be used to evoke and experience emotions in therapeutic sessions in order to develop greater acceptance, awareness, and understanding about one’s emotions to facilitate healing and support athletes’ ongoing performance and sport careers.
{"title":"Emotion focused therapy with injured athletes: Conceptualizing injury challenges and working with emotions","authors":"K. Tamminen, J. Watson","doi":"10.1080/10413200.2021.2024625","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10413200.2021.2024625","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Athletes’ emotional responses to injuries may include feeling sad, angry, anxious, frustrated, helpless, irritated, and confused about their identity as athletes. Emotions are central in athletes’ sport injury experiences, yet most therapeutic approaches described in the sport psychology literature are grounded in cognitive-behavioural traditions and strategies may tend to emphasize controlling or suppressing emotions. Emotion Focused Therapy (EFT) is a robust, empirically-supported therapeutic approach grounded in experiential therapy and emotion theory that can be used to help athletes deal with injury-related difficulties. This position paper presents a rationale for using EFT in working with injured athletes. We review foundational principles of EFT and the conceptualization of emotions, emotion regulation, and dysregulation from an EFT perspective. Drawing on EFT theory, we present a conceptualization of five challenges and conflicts that arise within athletes’ injury experiences: (a) attending to the body and listening to the body; (b) tending to the pain versus pushing through pain; (c) interpersonal challenges and conflicts with others; (d) injuries as a challenge to athlete identity; and (e) concerns about time left in career and falling behind. Examples of ‘in vivo’ interactions between therapists and athletes are also presented to bring to life the use of EFT strategies and techniques, and we conclude with directions for future research and suggestions for practitioners to advance the use of EFT within the field of sport psychology. Lay summary: Emotion Focused Therapy (EFT) is a process-experiential, person-centered therapeutic approach that holds promise for clinicians and therapists working with injured athletes. EFT could be used to evoke and experience emotions in therapeutic sessions in order to develop greater acceptance, awareness, and understanding about one’s emotions to facilitate healing and support athletes’ ongoing performance and sport careers.","PeriodicalId":50255,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Sport Psychology","volume":"34 1","pages":"958 - 982"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2022-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42650223","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-02-07DOI: 10.1080/10413200.2022.2032479
Petra V. Kolić, Laura B. Thomas, C. Morse, K. Hicks
Abstract The menstrual cycle is an important biological process that can have implications for women’s participation in activities of daily life. The purpose of this qualitative study was to understand women’s experiences, interactions, and perceptions of sport and exercise participation throughout the menstrual cycle. Five focus groups with 25 physically active women were conducted to investigate women’s perceptions of their menstrual cycle, their thoughts, feelings, and actions in sport and exercise environments throughout the menstrual cycle. The dramaturgical writings of Goffman were used to understand women’s self-presentation and experiences of interactional dynamics in sport and exercise environments. The findings highlight that the period was the most impactful aspect of the menstrual cycle on physically active women’s experiences of sport and exercise participation. The results explore strategies that the women adopted to manage their appearance, concerns that informed women’s decision-making processes, and the women’s purposeful impression management when undertaking sport and exercise during their period, particularly in interactions with male sport coaches. The findings emphasize the importance of unpacking the often-implicit norms and expectations associated with the period in order to normalize dialogues with practitioners (e.g., coaches) and support women’s continued participation in sport and exercise throughout the menstrual cycle. Lay summary: Following five focus groups with 25 physically active women, we found that concerns over what others might think if they found out that women were on their period led our participants to choose clothes selectively and suppress their discomfort in many interactions when participating in sport and exercise situations. Implications for practice Fear of leakage of menstrual blood and concerns over subsequent reactions of others (e.g., coaches, other gym members) makes the period particularly impactful on how women feel and act in sport and exercise situations. Knowledge of what it means to women to be on their period (e.g., selective choice of clothing, suppressing of any signs of discomfort) is important for practitioners in the field to create open and relaxed conversational atmospheres that allow opportunity for women to open up about their feelings and experiences if they choose to do so.
{"title":"Presentation of self, impression management and the period: A qualitative investigation of physically active women’s experiences in sport and exercise","authors":"Petra V. Kolić, Laura B. Thomas, C. Morse, K. Hicks","doi":"10.1080/10413200.2022.2032479","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10413200.2022.2032479","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The menstrual cycle is an important biological process that can have implications for women’s participation in activities of daily life. The purpose of this qualitative study was to understand women’s experiences, interactions, and perceptions of sport and exercise participation throughout the menstrual cycle. Five focus groups with 25 physically active women were conducted to investigate women’s perceptions of their menstrual cycle, their thoughts, feelings, and actions in sport and exercise environments throughout the menstrual cycle. The dramaturgical writings of Goffman were used to understand women’s self-presentation and experiences of interactional dynamics in sport and exercise environments. The findings highlight that the period was the most impactful aspect of the menstrual cycle on physically active women’s experiences of sport and exercise participation. The results explore strategies that the women adopted to manage their appearance, concerns that informed women’s decision-making processes, and the women’s purposeful impression management when undertaking sport and exercise during their period, particularly in interactions with male sport coaches. The findings emphasize the importance of unpacking the often-implicit norms and expectations associated with the period in order to normalize dialogues with practitioners (e.g., coaches) and support women’s continued participation in sport and exercise throughout the menstrual cycle. Lay summary: Following five focus groups with 25 physically active women, we found that concerns over what others might think if they found out that women were on their period led our participants to choose clothes selectively and suppress their discomfort in many interactions when participating in sport and exercise situations. Implications for practice Fear of leakage of menstrual blood and concerns over subsequent reactions of others (e.g., coaches, other gym members) makes the period particularly impactful on how women feel and act in sport and exercise situations. Knowledge of what it means to women to be on their period (e.g., selective choice of clothing, suppressing of any signs of discomfort) is important for practitioners in the field to create open and relaxed conversational atmospheres that allow opportunity for women to open up about their feelings and experiences if they choose to do so.","PeriodicalId":50255,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Sport Psychology","volume":"35 1","pages":"478 - 497"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2022-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42235012","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-11DOI: 10.1080/10413200.2021.2015479
Luuk P. van Iperen, J. de Jonge, J. Gevers, S. Vos, L. Hespanhol
Abstract Runners have a high risk of getting injured compared to practitioners of other sports, and reducing this risk appears challenging. A possible solution may lie in the self-regulatory behavior of runners and their passion for running, which are promising predictors of runners' risk of running-related injuries (RRIs) and chronic fatigue. Therefore, in the present study, we investigated to what extent a mobile application (“app”), called REMBO, could reduce the risk of RRIs and chronic fatigue by externally supporting self-regulation in a personalized fashion. Long-distance runners (N = 425; 243 men, 182 women; M age = 44.7 years), training for half and whole marathon distances, took part in our randomized controlled trial. Runners were randomly allocated to theintervention group with access to the app (n = 214) or to the control group with no access to the app (n = 211). We tested the effectiveness of the app according to the intention-to-treat protocol and via a dose-response analysis, finding no statistically significant effects with regard to RRIs and chronic fatigue. Furthermore, an exploratory latent risk profile subgroup analysis found no evidence that any reductions in RRIs or chronic fatigue due to the app intervention differed across low-risk, medium-risk, and high-risk psychological profiles of runners. Across our study, adherence was relatively low, reasons for which are discussed based on feedback from participants. In our discussion, we outline the implications of the app intervention not achieving its intended effect and list several recommendations that might steer toward more success in preventing RRIs and chronic fatigue in the future.
{"title":"Is self-regulation key in reducing running-related injuries and chronic fatigue? A randomized controlled trial among long-distance runners","authors":"Luuk P. van Iperen, J. de Jonge, J. Gevers, S. Vos, L. Hespanhol","doi":"10.1080/10413200.2021.2015479","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10413200.2021.2015479","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Runners have a high risk of getting injured compared to practitioners of other sports, and reducing this risk appears challenging. A possible solution may lie in the self-regulatory behavior of runners and their passion for running, which are promising predictors of runners' risk of running-related injuries (RRIs) and chronic fatigue. Therefore, in the present study, we investigated to what extent a mobile application (“app”), called REMBO, could reduce the risk of RRIs and chronic fatigue by externally supporting self-regulation in a personalized fashion. Long-distance runners (N = 425; 243 men, 182 women; M age = 44.7 years), training for half and whole marathon distances, took part in our randomized controlled trial. Runners were randomly allocated to theintervention group with access to the app (n = 214) or to the control group with no access to the app (n = 211). We tested the effectiveness of the app according to the intention-to-treat protocol and via a dose-response analysis, finding no statistically significant effects with regard to RRIs and chronic fatigue. Furthermore, an exploratory latent risk profile subgroup analysis found no evidence that any reductions in RRIs or chronic fatigue due to the app intervention differed across low-risk, medium-risk, and high-risk psychological profiles of runners. Across our study, adherence was relatively low, reasons for which are discussed based on feedback from participants. In our discussion, we outline the implications of the app intervention not achieving its intended effect and list several recommendations that might steer toward more success in preventing RRIs and chronic fatigue in the future.","PeriodicalId":50255,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Sport Psychology","volume":"34 1","pages":"983 - 1010"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2022-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47483994","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-07DOI: 10.1080/10413200.2021.2021564
Deniz Durdubas, Ziya Koruç
Abstract The current study examined the effects of a season-long multifaceted team goal-setting intervention (with emphasis on both individual and team level goal) on perceptions of team cohesion and collective efficacy. Using a non-randomized controlled design with 81 female volleyball players (Mage = 16.57, SD = .25) from six teams, three teams (n = 3) were assigned as intervention condition while the remaining teams (n = 3) represented no-treatment control condition. Teams in the intervention condition participated in a three-stage team goal-setting protocol with an extension of the individual goal-setting phase throughout a season. All participants completed questionnaires measuring perceptions of team cohesion and collective efficacy at three time-points throughout the season (i.e., beginning, midseason, end-season). In addition, participants in the intervention condition completed performance profiles at the beginning and the end of the season. Compared to the control group, the task cohesion perceptions of the intervention group were significantly higher in the midseason, the social cohesion perceptions were significantly higher at the end of the season, and their collective efficacy perceptions were significantly higher both in the midseason and at the end of the season. These results revealed the effectiveness of the multifaceted team goal-setting intervention on team cohesion and collective efficacy. Lay summary: This study extends the team goal-setting literature by conducting a season-long multifaceted team goal-setting intervention in youth volleyball teams. The intervention involved both individual and team goals and aimed to improve coherence between those goals through task interdependence.
{"title":"Effects of a multifaceted team goal-setting intervention for youth volleyball teams","authors":"Deniz Durdubas, Ziya Koruç","doi":"10.1080/10413200.2021.2021564","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10413200.2021.2021564","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The current study examined the effects of a season-long multifaceted team goal-setting intervention (with emphasis on both individual and team level goal) on perceptions of team cohesion and collective efficacy. Using a non-randomized controlled design with 81 female volleyball players (Mage = 16.57, SD = .25) from six teams, three teams (n = 3) were assigned as intervention condition while the remaining teams (n = 3) represented no-treatment control condition. Teams in the intervention condition participated in a three-stage team goal-setting protocol with an extension of the individual goal-setting phase throughout a season. All participants completed questionnaires measuring perceptions of team cohesion and collective efficacy at three time-points throughout the season (i.e., beginning, midseason, end-season). In addition, participants in the intervention condition completed performance profiles at the beginning and the end of the season. Compared to the control group, the task cohesion perceptions of the intervention group were significantly higher in the midseason, the social cohesion perceptions were significantly higher at the end of the season, and their collective efficacy perceptions were significantly higher both in the midseason and at the end of the season. These results revealed the effectiveness of the multifaceted team goal-setting intervention on team cohesion and collective efficacy. Lay summary: This study extends the team goal-setting literature by conducting a season-long multifaceted team goal-setting intervention in youth volleyball teams. The intervention involved both individual and team goals and aimed to improve coherence between those goals through task interdependence.","PeriodicalId":50255,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Sport Psychology","volume":"35 1","pages":"224 - 243"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2022-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49123734","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-05DOI: 10.1080/10413200.2021.2021563
Brent D. Oja, Brian S. Gordon, Rammi N. Hazzaa
Abstract This study was created to examine sport employees’ social identities. While a clearer understanding of sport fans’ social identities exists, there is a gap in the literature pertaining to the identification processes of sport employees–including the influence of fandom. As such, this study is positioned to examine how and why sport employees identify with their sport organizations. The study was grounded in a hermeneutic phenomenology approach to gather deep and rich data concerning sport employees’ lived experiences of working in the sport industry. Specifically, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 18 full-time sport employees from a variety of American sport sectors. A thematic analysis of the transcribed interviews was used to develop a total of four themes that explored the meanings of the self-concepts of participants, the symmetry between their self-views and sport organizations, the experience of a sense of belonging with a sport organization, and the interplay between sport employees and fans. The results of the study support previous work suggesting that sport employees have a distinct social identification process with their sport organizations. In terms of potential outcomes, the application of social identification in the sport workplace could lead to enhanced employee and organizational performance, as participants were willing to engage in labor, primarily in the form of organizational citizenship behaviors, that supported the functionality their sport organizations. Lay summary: This study explored sport employees’ sense of fandom and membership with sport organizations. During interviews, participants viewed sport and competition as important aspects of themselves and working in sport organizations reinforced such ideals. Further, there is potential for improved employee and organizational performance when sport employees identify with their organization. Implications for practice Employees’ social identities can be supported by emphasizing competition Identified sport employees value their contributions and will increase work efforts Sport organizations can leverage identified employees to enhance performance by promoting an atmosphere of helping behaviors and valuing organizational outcomes
{"title":"Navigating psychological membership in sport organizations: Exploring sport employees’ identities","authors":"Brent D. Oja, Brian S. Gordon, Rammi N. Hazzaa","doi":"10.1080/10413200.2021.2021563","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10413200.2021.2021563","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This study was created to examine sport employees’ social identities. While a clearer understanding of sport fans’ social identities exists, there is a gap in the literature pertaining to the identification processes of sport employees–including the influence of fandom. As such, this study is positioned to examine how and why sport employees identify with their sport organizations. The study was grounded in a hermeneutic phenomenology approach to gather deep and rich data concerning sport employees’ lived experiences of working in the sport industry. Specifically, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 18 full-time sport employees from a variety of American sport sectors. A thematic analysis of the transcribed interviews was used to develop a total of four themes that explored the meanings of the self-concepts of participants, the symmetry between their self-views and sport organizations, the experience of a sense of belonging with a sport organization, and the interplay between sport employees and fans. The results of the study support previous work suggesting that sport employees have a distinct social identification process with their sport organizations. In terms of potential outcomes, the application of social identification in the sport workplace could lead to enhanced employee and organizational performance, as participants were willing to engage in labor, primarily in the form of organizational citizenship behaviors, that supported the functionality their sport organizations. Lay summary: This study explored sport employees’ sense of fandom and membership with sport organizations. During interviews, participants viewed sport and competition as important aspects of themselves and working in sport organizations reinforced such ideals. Further, there is potential for improved employee and organizational performance when sport employees identify with their organization. Implications for practice Employees’ social identities can be supported by emphasizing competition Identified sport employees value their contributions and will increase work efforts Sport organizations can leverage identified employees to enhance performance by promoting an atmosphere of helping behaviors and valuing organizational outcomes","PeriodicalId":50255,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Sport Psychology","volume":"35 1","pages":"202 - 223"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2022-01-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44088526","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-02DOI: 10.1080/10413200.2021.2004023
S. Mellalieu, Christopher Wagstaff
{"title":"Editorial","authors":"S. Mellalieu, Christopher Wagstaff","doi":"10.1080/10413200.2021.2004023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10413200.2021.2004023","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50255,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Sport Psychology","volume":"34 1","pages":"1 - 2"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2022-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47097998","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-28DOI: 10.1080/10413200.2021.2015478
Roxane Carrière, Christiane Trottier, V. Drapeau, C. Goulet, Martin Camiré, P. Lemyre, É. Frenette
Abstract Life skills training programs have recently received increased attention in the literature, as they have the potential to provide stakeholders with the necessary knowledge and resources to facilitate life skills development and transfer through sports. Nonetheless, few attempts have been made to qualitatively examine the experiences of several groups of participants as these training programs unfold. Yet, doing so could provide a more nuanced understanding of the factors that influence the process of life skills development and transfer over time. The purpose of this study was to explore high school stakeholders’ (i.e., coaches, teachers) and student-athletes’ experiences following their first year of participation in a longitudinal life skills training program. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with stakeholders (n = 7) and student-athletes (n = 24) at the high school where the program is being implemented. Data were analyzed deductively and inductively following Miles et al.’s (2020) recommendations. The results revealed that stakeholders facilitated life skills teaching and transfer with student-athletes using various strategies in line with the explicit focus of the program (e.g., organizing life skills lessons, using tools from the program, discussing transfer). However, the stakeholders’ and student-athletes’ responses suggested that various factors influenced their ability to successfully develop life skills and transfer them between the school and sport contexts. These results highlight the importance of considering participants’ experiences to improve life skills development and transfer over time and of adjusting training programs as they unfold. Lay summary: High school stakeholders and student-athletes were interviewed to explore their experiences after participating one year in a longitudinal life skills training program. The results shed light on various factors that influenced the stakeholders’ experiences with life skills teaching and transfer and the student-athletes’ experiences with life skills learning and transfer. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE This study provides a nuanced understanding of participants’ experiences to inform future training programs on how to make life skills development and transfer more effective in the high school sport context. High school stakeholders, including teachers, coaches, and administrators, can use recommendations from this study to assist student-athletes in developing and transferring life skills between the school and sport contexts.
{"title":"Experiences of high school stakeholders and student-athletes participating in an ongoing longitudinal life skills training program","authors":"Roxane Carrière, Christiane Trottier, V. Drapeau, C. Goulet, Martin Camiré, P. Lemyre, É. Frenette","doi":"10.1080/10413200.2021.2015478","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10413200.2021.2015478","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Life skills training programs have recently received increased attention in the literature, as they have the potential to provide stakeholders with the necessary knowledge and resources to facilitate life skills development and transfer through sports. Nonetheless, few attempts have been made to qualitatively examine the experiences of several groups of participants as these training programs unfold. Yet, doing so could provide a more nuanced understanding of the factors that influence the process of life skills development and transfer over time. The purpose of this study was to explore high school stakeholders’ (i.e., coaches, teachers) and student-athletes’ experiences following their first year of participation in a longitudinal life skills training program. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with stakeholders (n = 7) and student-athletes (n = 24) at the high school where the program is being implemented. Data were analyzed deductively and inductively following Miles et al.’s (2020) recommendations. The results revealed that stakeholders facilitated life skills teaching and transfer with student-athletes using various strategies in line with the explicit focus of the program (e.g., organizing life skills lessons, using tools from the program, discussing transfer). However, the stakeholders’ and student-athletes’ responses suggested that various factors influenced their ability to successfully develop life skills and transfer them between the school and sport contexts. These results highlight the importance of considering participants’ experiences to improve life skills development and transfer over time and of adjusting training programs as they unfold. Lay summary: High school stakeholders and student-athletes were interviewed to explore their experiences after participating one year in a longitudinal life skills training program. The results shed light on various factors that influenced the stakeholders’ experiences with life skills teaching and transfer and the student-athletes’ experiences with life skills learning and transfer. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE This study provides a nuanced understanding of participants’ experiences to inform future training programs on how to make life skills development and transfer more effective in the high school sport context. High school stakeholders, including teachers, coaches, and administrators, can use recommendations from this study to assist student-athletes in developing and transferring life skills between the school and sport contexts.","PeriodicalId":50255,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Sport Psychology","volume":"35 1","pages":"178 - 201"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2021-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44384094","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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