Pub Date : 2023-08-25DOI: 10.3954/1523-5475-39.1.48
{"title":"Selected Abstracts of Presentations from the 68th Annual Meeting of the South Carolina Entomological Society, 6 to 7 October 2022, Hobcaw Barony, Georgetown, South Carolina","authors":"","doi":"10.3954/1523-5475-39.1.48","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3954/1523-5475-39.1.48","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50257,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Agricultural and Urban Entomology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46218148","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
E. Phillips, Andrew J. Mellies, Edward J. Zeszutko, E. Weeks, S. Allan
{"title":"Effect of Nitrogen Fertilization Dose on Diaphorina citri (Hemiptera: Liviidae)","authors":"E. Phillips, Andrew J. Mellies, Edward J. Zeszutko, E. Weeks, S. Allan","doi":"10.3954/jaue22-18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3954/jaue22-18","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50257,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Agricultural and Urban Entomology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47987005","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ABSTRACT High populations of pest flies on swine facilities can be detrimental to the animals and producers. The purpose of this study was to identify the distribution pattern and the influence of habitats on distribution of adult biting flies surrounding commercial swine production barns in North Carolina. In this study, fly surveillance was conducted on four swine facilities in Bladen County, North Carolina, U.S.A., from January to October 2019. Biting flies typically associated with livestock were passively collected weekly on sticky traps, which were placed in three concentric circles surrounding swine barns, and then counted and identified. Stable flies [Stomoxys calcitrans (L.); Diptera: Muscidae] were most abundant on swine facilities that were mixed-use with pastured beef cattle. However, swine producers with no pastured cattle should be aware of the potential for stable flies to disperse from off-property larval development sites. Therefore, adult fly management may be necessary if populations reach nuisance levels. Horse and deer fly (Diptera: Tabanidae) captures were not related to trap proximity to water. Differences in horse and deer fly trap captures was likely less of a reflection of differences in potential fly development habitat quality (e.g., water) and more related to adult fly habitat selection.
{"title":"Distribution of Biting Flies Associated with Swine Production Facilities in the Southeastern United States","authors":"E. Machtinger, E. R. Burgess, J. E. Brown","doi":"10.3954/JAUE22-15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3954/JAUE22-15","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT High populations of pest flies on swine facilities can be detrimental to the animals and producers. The purpose of this study was to identify the distribution pattern and the influence of habitats on distribution of adult biting flies surrounding commercial swine production barns in North Carolina. In this study, fly surveillance was conducted on four swine facilities in Bladen County, North Carolina, U.S.A., from January to October 2019. Biting flies typically associated with livestock were passively collected weekly on sticky traps, which were placed in three concentric circles surrounding swine barns, and then counted and identified. Stable flies [Stomoxys calcitrans (L.); Diptera: Muscidae] were most abundant on swine facilities that were mixed-use with pastured beef cattle. However, swine producers with no pastured cattle should be aware of the potential for stable flies to disperse from off-property larval development sites. Therefore, adult fly management may be necessary if populations reach nuisance levels. Horse and deer fly (Diptera: Tabanidae) captures were not related to trap proximity to water. Differences in horse and deer fly trap captures was likely less of a reflection of differences in potential fly development habitat quality (e.g., water) and more related to adult fly habitat selection.","PeriodicalId":50257,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Agricultural and Urban Entomology","volume":"39 1","pages":"9 - 20"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42947018","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Austin Goldsmith, K. Loftin, D. Steinkraus, Allen L. Szalanski, B. Sampson
Incidences of tick bites and associated diseases have increased perhaps due to human encroachment into habitats harboring higher densities of ticks and mammalian hosts (Trout 2010, Raghavan et al. 2019). The lone star tick, Amblyomma americanum L. (Acarina: Ixodidae), an American species, comprises ∼75% of ticks collected from people, wildlife, and vegetation in Arkansas (Loftin & Smith 2019). In addition to being a nuisance, this tick’s bite can transmit harmful human and animal pathogens, e.g., ehrlichiosis, tularemia, bobcat fever, and some spotted fever rickettsioses, and can cause alpha-gal syndrome, an acute debilitating allergy to red meat (Nicholson et al. 2018). Where ticks become problematic, chemical acaricides are often sprayed onto vegetation or topically applied to animal hosts (Ostfeld et al. 2006). Although these acaricides are relatively safe when used properly, their area-wide use may result in the contamination of soil, water (Kunz & Kemp 1994), milk and meat (Falowo & Akimoladun 2019), as well as lead to acaricidal resistance (Abbas et al. 2014). In response, a search for alternative acaricidal agents has been well underway (White & Gaff 2018). Entomopathogenic fungimay be useful as a self-propagating, area-widemethod of tick control with active ingredients (i.e., infectious spores) being derived from the soil or from infected hosts themselves (Tuininga et al. 2009). These asexual spores or conidia penetrate the tick exoskeleton or egg chorion, thereby infecting all growth stages: eggs, nymphs, larvae, and adults (Samish et al. 2008). The most studied virulent entomopathogens for tick control include strains of Beauveria species (Hypocreales: Cordycipitaceae) andMetarhizium species (Hypocreales: Clavicipitaceae). Pathogenicity of Metarhizium strains against A. americanum is receiving more attention (Gomathinayagam et al. 2002, Kirkland et al. 2004,
{"title":"Laboratory Bioassays of a Native Arkansas Isolate of Metarhizium robertsii (Hypocreales: Clavicipitaceae) for the Control of Amblyomma americanum (Acarina: Ixodidae)","authors":"Austin Goldsmith, K. Loftin, D. Steinkraus, Allen L. Szalanski, B. Sampson","doi":"10.3954/JAUE22-10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3954/JAUE22-10","url":null,"abstract":"Incidences of tick bites and associated diseases have increased perhaps due to human encroachment into habitats harboring higher densities of ticks and mammalian hosts (Trout 2010, Raghavan et al. 2019). The lone star tick, Amblyomma americanum L. (Acarina: Ixodidae), an American species, comprises ∼75% of ticks collected from people, wildlife, and vegetation in Arkansas (Loftin & Smith 2019). In addition to being a nuisance, this tick’s bite can transmit harmful human and animal pathogens, e.g., ehrlichiosis, tularemia, bobcat fever, and some spotted fever rickettsioses, and can cause alpha-gal syndrome, an acute debilitating allergy to red meat (Nicholson et al. 2018). Where ticks become problematic, chemical acaricides are often sprayed onto vegetation or topically applied to animal hosts (Ostfeld et al. 2006). Although these acaricides are relatively safe when used properly, their area-wide use may result in the contamination of soil, water (Kunz & Kemp 1994), milk and meat (Falowo & Akimoladun 2019), as well as lead to acaricidal resistance (Abbas et al. 2014). In response, a search for alternative acaricidal agents has been well underway (White & Gaff 2018). Entomopathogenic fungimay be useful as a self-propagating, area-widemethod of tick control with active ingredients (i.e., infectious spores) being derived from the soil or from infected hosts themselves (Tuininga et al. 2009). These asexual spores or conidia penetrate the tick exoskeleton or egg chorion, thereby infecting all growth stages: eggs, nymphs, larvae, and adults (Samish et al. 2008). The most studied virulent entomopathogens for tick control include strains of Beauveria species (Hypocreales: Cordycipitaceae) andMetarhizium species (Hypocreales: Clavicipitaceae). Pathogenicity of Metarhizium strains against A. americanum is receiving more attention (Gomathinayagam et al. 2002, Kirkland et al. 2004,","PeriodicalId":50257,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Agricultural and Urban Entomology","volume":"39 1","pages":"21 - 27"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48026877","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
K. Khfif, Zakaria Labaioui, K. Koledenkova, A. Zaid, L. E. Rhaffari, Y. Brostaux
ABSTRACT Jacobiasca lybica (Bergevin & Zanon) (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) is a polyphagous pest that damages grapevines in Europe and citrus fruits in Morocco. Management of this insect is based mainly on chemical control, but there is an urgent need to develop an alternative management tool, such as biological control. In this study, we evaluated the predation rate of the first-to third-instar Chrysoperla carnea (Stephens) (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) on J. lybica under laboratory conditions. The predation rate of each lacewing instar was determined 24 h after placing an individual lacewing larva in a Petri dish containing a freshly detached grape leaf with 15 adult and five immature leafhoppers. The average predation rate by the third instar was 47.8%, which was significantly higher than that of the second instar (31.1%). The predation rate was not different between the first (21.7%) and second instars. The predation rates for leafhopper nymphs (46.7%) were significantly higher than for the adults (29.1%).
{"title":"Predatory Performance of Chrysoperla carnea (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) on Jacobiasca lybica (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) under Laboratory Conditions","authors":"K. Khfif, Zakaria Labaioui, K. Koledenkova, A. Zaid, L. E. Rhaffari, Y. Brostaux","doi":"10.3954/JAUE22-06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3954/JAUE22-06","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Jacobiasca lybica (Bergevin & Zanon) (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) is a polyphagous pest that damages grapevines in Europe and citrus fruits in Morocco. Management of this insect is based mainly on chemical control, but there is an urgent need to develop an alternative management tool, such as biological control. In this study, we evaluated the predation rate of the first-to third-instar Chrysoperla carnea (Stephens) (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) on J. lybica under laboratory conditions. The predation rate of each lacewing instar was determined 24 h after placing an individual lacewing larva in a Petri dish containing a freshly detached grape leaf with 15 adult and five immature leafhoppers. The average predation rate by the third instar was 47.8%, which was significantly higher than that of the second instar (31.1%). The predation rate was not different between the first (21.7%) and second instars. The predation rates for leafhopper nymphs (46.7%) were significantly higher than for the adults (29.1%).","PeriodicalId":50257,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Agricultural and Urban Entomology","volume":"39 1","pages":"1 - 8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48617275","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ABSTRACT Dundubia nagarasingna (Distant) is a cicada (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) that has recently adapted to the tropical urban environments of Bangkok. There is little information on its phenology in the tropics and how its life-history traits have changed (or not) when the species adapts to urban environment. Synchronized emergence ensures mating success in cicadas. Short-term meteorological factors in the urban habitat may alter synchronized emergence patterns. This study investigated the intra-annual seasonal changes and longer inter-annual variations in the emergence pattern of a subpopulation of D. nagarasingna in an urban garden at the Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand, over 4 yr (2014, 2016, 2017 and 2018). The findings revealed that (1) the synchronized emergence of D. nagarasingna in the urban garden occurred annually from March to July with one clear peak in all 4 yr, (2) the seasonal activity pattern of adults in the urban environment has become longer than in the natural habitat, and (3) in certain years, air temperature and relative humidity could be used as predictors for cicada abundance. Our results emphasize that knowing the seasonal phenology of this tropical cicada species is important for planning efficient observation, which could reduce the cost of monitoring up to 72% and is essential for potential future understanding of responses to climate changes.
{"title":"Emergence Pattern of Dundubia nagarasingna (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) in a Bangkok Urban Garden","authors":"Riawphai Chantarachit, S. Srikosamatara","doi":"10.3954/JAUE22-08","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3954/JAUE22-08","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Dundubia nagarasingna (Distant) is a cicada (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) that has recently adapted to the tropical urban environments of Bangkok. There is little information on its phenology in the tropics and how its life-history traits have changed (or not) when the species adapts to urban environment. Synchronized emergence ensures mating success in cicadas. Short-term meteorological factors in the urban habitat may alter synchronized emergence patterns. This study investigated the intra-annual seasonal changes and longer inter-annual variations in the emergence pattern of a subpopulation of D. nagarasingna in an urban garden at the Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand, over 4 yr (2014, 2016, 2017 and 2018). The findings revealed that (1) the synchronized emergence of D. nagarasingna in the urban garden occurred annually from March to July with one clear peak in all 4 yr, (2) the seasonal activity pattern of adults in the urban environment has become longer than in the natural habitat, and (3) in certain years, air temperature and relative humidity could be used as predictors for cicada abundance. Our results emphasize that knowing the seasonal phenology of this tropical cicada species is important for planning efficient observation, which could reduce the cost of monitoring up to 72% and is essential for potential future understanding of responses to climate changes.","PeriodicalId":50257,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Agricultural and Urban Entomology","volume":"38 1","pages":"41 - 51"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42364507","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ABSTRACT With recent publicized pollinator declines, citizens are becoming motivated to design gardens that support pollinators. As a result, garden centers have become a venue for advancing pollinator conservation, especially in urbanised areas. However, there is a paucity of evidence-based guidelines on what plant species or plant characteristics attract pollinators, especially native bees. Systematic surveys were conducted to identify what plants are most attractive to pollinating insects at a garden nursery (Zanthorrea Nursery) located in Western Australia. In the austral spring and summer of 2020/2021, each blooming plant species for sale was observed and all insect visitors were recorded over a 200-sec observation period. A diversity of native bees was recorded, however, the introduced Apis mellifera L. dominated. Of the 181 plant species present, less than half received visitors, and plant species varied greatly in their attractiveness to different insect taxa. Greater abundance of a plant species positively influenced visitation. Native bees preferred native flora, whereas honeybees preferred both native and horticultural varieties. The ten most visited plants by all insects were identified; three of these (Melaleuca lanceolata, Boronia crenulata, and Babingtonia virgata) were also most visited by native bees. Bipartite plant-pollinator networks revealed that resource overlapped and potential for competition varied among insect taxa and months. This study indicated clear preferences by insects among garden plant species offered at nurseries, and visited plants, especially those by native bees, should be promoted, and planted in larger abundances. Similar surveys can be used to identify “pollinator friendly” flora for the public.
{"title":"The Influence of Plant Species, Origin and Color of Garden Nursery Flowers on the Number and Composition of Pollinating Insect Visitors","authors":"K. Prendergast","doi":"10.3954/JAUE22-07","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3954/JAUE22-07","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT With recent publicized pollinator declines, citizens are becoming motivated to design gardens that support pollinators. As a result, garden centers have become a venue for advancing pollinator conservation, especially in urbanised areas. However, there is a paucity of evidence-based guidelines on what plant species or plant characteristics attract pollinators, especially native bees. Systematic surveys were conducted to identify what plants are most attractive to pollinating insects at a garden nursery (Zanthorrea Nursery) located in Western Australia. In the austral spring and summer of 2020/2021, each blooming plant species for sale was observed and all insect visitors were recorded over a 200-sec observation period. A diversity of native bees was recorded, however, the introduced Apis mellifera L. dominated. Of the 181 plant species present, less than half received visitors, and plant species varied greatly in their attractiveness to different insect taxa. Greater abundance of a plant species positively influenced visitation. Native bees preferred native flora, whereas honeybees preferred both native and horticultural varieties. The ten most visited plants by all insects were identified; three of these (Melaleuca lanceolata, Boronia crenulata, and Babingtonia virgata) were also most visited by native bees. Bipartite plant-pollinator networks revealed that resource overlapped and potential for competition varied among insect taxa and months. This study indicated clear preferences by insects among garden plant species offered at nurseries, and visited plants, especially those by native bees, should be promoted, and planted in larger abundances. Similar surveys can be used to identify “pollinator friendly” flora for the public.","PeriodicalId":50257,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Agricultural and Urban Entomology","volume":"38 1","pages":"21 - 40"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47212824","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-10DOI: 10.3954/1523-5475-38.1.16
Liliana R. Vargas Aguirre, A. Gaigl
Cryptolestes (Coleoptera: Laemophloeidae) includes at least 15 economically important pest species (Chen et al. 2020). These are considered secondary pests because the larvae can penetrate the grain only if the pericarp is damaged (Trematerra & Throne 2012).Cryptolestes ferrugineus (Stephens) (the rusty grain beetle), C. pusillus (Schönherr) (the flat grain beetle) and C. pusilloides (Steel & Howe) are the most frequently reported species worldwide (Thomas 2002). Adults are reddish brown and about 2 mm in length (Mason 2003). Each female lays 100 to 400 eggs and may develop into adults in approximately 23 d (Trematerra & Throne 2012). In adverse conditions, such during a food shortage, population survives the mainly by consuming their own eggs, pupae and prepupae (Lefkovitch 1962,Mason 2019). Adults are strong fliers, allowing their dispersal in and around grain storage facilities (Holloway et al. 2018). Distribution of Cryptolestes spp. has been expanding worldwide. Halstead (1993) reported that C. ferrugineus is a cosmopolitan specie, whereas C. pusillus and C. pusilloides have more restricted geographic ranges. Today, all of these species have a cosmopolitan distribution (Figure 1) and have been reported in stored grains of peanut, coffee, barley, rice, sorghum, cocoa beans, wheat, corn and stored dry processed products (Hagstrum et al. 2013, CABI 2022). Tróchez (1987) reported the presence of a number of specimens of Cryptolestes spp. in stored grains in Colombia but did not identify any particular species. The Colombian Institute of Agriculture (ICA) also reported interceptions of C. pusilloides in six shipments of green coffee beans from Peru between 7 February 2018 and 14 May 2019 and one from Ecuador on 19 January 2018 (Analdex 2019). Today, the presence and species diversity of Cryptolestes in Colombia are still largely unknown. The objective of this study was to determine the actual presence of economically important species of Cryptolestes spp. in stored grains in Colombia. We report C. pusillus and C. pusilloides for the first time in Colombia. Specimens were manually collected between July and December 2021 in different grain storage facilities around the country. The size and external morphological characteristics are similar among Cryptolestes spp. To properly identify the species,
{"title":"First Record of Cryptolestes pusillus and Cryptolestes pusilloides (Coleoptera: Laemophloeidae) in Colombia","authors":"Liliana R. Vargas Aguirre, A. Gaigl","doi":"10.3954/1523-5475-38.1.16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3954/1523-5475-38.1.16","url":null,"abstract":"Cryptolestes (Coleoptera: Laemophloeidae) includes at least 15 economically important pest species (Chen et al. 2020). These are considered secondary pests because the larvae can penetrate the grain only if the pericarp is damaged (Trematerra & Throne 2012).Cryptolestes ferrugineus (Stephens) (the rusty grain beetle), C. pusillus (Schönherr) (the flat grain beetle) and C. pusilloides (Steel & Howe) are the most frequently reported species worldwide (Thomas 2002). Adults are reddish brown and about 2 mm in length (Mason 2003). Each female lays 100 to 400 eggs and may develop into adults in approximately 23 d (Trematerra & Throne 2012). In adverse conditions, such during a food shortage, population survives the mainly by consuming their own eggs, pupae and prepupae (Lefkovitch 1962,Mason 2019). Adults are strong fliers, allowing their dispersal in and around grain storage facilities (Holloway et al. 2018). Distribution of Cryptolestes spp. has been expanding worldwide. Halstead (1993) reported that C. ferrugineus is a cosmopolitan specie, whereas C. pusillus and C. pusilloides have more restricted geographic ranges. Today, all of these species have a cosmopolitan distribution (Figure 1) and have been reported in stored grains of peanut, coffee, barley, rice, sorghum, cocoa beans, wheat, corn and stored dry processed products (Hagstrum et al. 2013, CABI 2022). Tróchez (1987) reported the presence of a number of specimens of Cryptolestes spp. in stored grains in Colombia but did not identify any particular species. The Colombian Institute of Agriculture (ICA) also reported interceptions of C. pusilloides in six shipments of green coffee beans from Peru between 7 February 2018 and 14 May 2019 and one from Ecuador on 19 January 2018 (Analdex 2019). Today, the presence and species diversity of Cryptolestes in Colombia are still largely unknown. The objective of this study was to determine the actual presence of economically important species of Cryptolestes spp. in stored grains in Colombia. We report C. pusillus and C. pusilloides for the first time in Colombia. Specimens were manually collected between July and December 2021 in different grain storage facilities around the country. The size and external morphological characteristics are similar among Cryptolestes spp. To properly identify the species,","PeriodicalId":50257,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Agricultural and Urban Entomology","volume":"38 1","pages":"16 - 20"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43801017","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ABSTRACT The false chinch bug, Nysius raphanus Howard (Hemiptera: Lygaeidae), is a pest of a wide range of plant species. The efficacies of d-limonene (applied at 0.2, 0.3, 0.5, 1, and 1.5 g a.i./L), mineral oil (applied at 5, 8, 10, 20, and 24 g a.i./L), and potassium salts of fatty acid (applied at 0.05, 0.1, 0.2, 0.4, and 0.6 g a.i./L) against adults and nymphs (10-d-old) were evaluated in laboratory bioassays and under field conditions. Phytotoxicity of the same insecticides and doses to Portulaca oleracea L. (Portulacaceae) was also documented in the laboratory. In the laboratory topical contact toxicity bioassays, d-limonene at 1 and 1.5 g a.i./L, and mineral oil at 20 and 24 g a.i./L were the most effective treatments, causing 97% to 100% mortality at 48 h after application. In residual toxicity bioassays, d-limonene at 1 and 1.5 g a.i./L, and mineral oil at 20 and 24 g a.i./L caused 92% to 100% mortality among nymphs and adults exposed to the treated P. oleracea at 48 h after introduction. In the field experiment, d-limonene at 1.5 g a.i./L and mineral oil at 24 g a.i./L were effective in reducing 98% to 100% of adult and nymphal populations at 6–12 d after treatment. Results of this study suggested that d-limonene at 1.5 g a.i./L and mineral oil at 24 g a.i./L could be used to manage infestation by N. raphanus.
假蠓(Nysius raphanus Howard)(半翅目:蠓科)是一种广泛危害植物的害虫。在实验室生物测定和野外条件下评估了d-柠檬烯(0.2、0.3、0.5、1和1.5 g a.i./L)、矿物油(5、8、10、20和24 g a.i./L)和脂肪酸钾盐(0.05、0.1、0.2、0.4和0.6 g a.i./L)对成虫和10 d龄若虫(10 d龄)的防治效果。同样的杀虫剂和剂量对马齿苋(马齿苋科)的植物毒性也在实验室进行了记录。在实验室局部接触毒性生物测定中，1和1.5 g a.i./L的d-柠檬烯和20和24 g a.i./L的矿物油是最有效的处理，在施用后48 h死亡率为97%至100%。在残留毒性生物测定中，d-柠檬烯浓度为1和1.5 g a.i./L，矿物油浓度为20和24 g a.i./L，在引入后48 h，暴露于处理过的马齿菊的若虫和成虫死亡率为92% ~ 100%。在田间试验中，1.5 g a.i./L d-柠檬烯和24 g a.i./L矿物油处理后6 ~ 12 d，成虫和若虫数量减少98% ~ 100%。研究结果表明，1.5 g a.i./L的d-柠檬烯和24 g a.i./L的矿物油可以有效地防治褐家蝇的侵害。
{"title":"Field and Laboratory Evaluation of d-Limonene, Mineral Oil, and Potassium Salts of Fatty Acid against Nysius raphanus (Hemiptera: Lygaeidae)","authors":"M. E. Aalaoui, M. Sbaghi","doi":"10.3954/JAUE21-04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3954/JAUE21-04","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The false chinch bug, Nysius raphanus Howard (Hemiptera: Lygaeidae), is a pest of a wide range of plant species. The efficacies of d-limonene (applied at 0.2, 0.3, 0.5, 1, and 1.5 g a.i./L), mineral oil (applied at 5, 8, 10, 20, and 24 g a.i./L), and potassium salts of fatty acid (applied at 0.05, 0.1, 0.2, 0.4, and 0.6 g a.i./L) against adults and nymphs (10-d-old) were evaluated in laboratory bioassays and under field conditions. Phytotoxicity of the same insecticides and doses to Portulaca oleracea L. (Portulacaceae) was also documented in the laboratory. In the laboratory topical contact toxicity bioassays, d-limonene at 1 and 1.5 g a.i./L, and mineral oil at 20 and 24 g a.i./L were the most effective treatments, causing 97% to 100% mortality at 48 h after application. In residual toxicity bioassays, d-limonene at 1 and 1.5 g a.i./L, and mineral oil at 20 and 24 g a.i./L caused 92% to 100% mortality among nymphs and adults exposed to the treated P. oleracea at 48 h after introduction. In the field experiment, d-limonene at 1.5 g a.i./L and mineral oil at 24 g a.i./L were effective in reducing 98% to 100% of adult and nymphal populations at 6–12 d after treatment. Results of this study suggested that d-limonene at 1.5 g a.i./L and mineral oil at 24 g a.i./L could be used to manage infestation by N. raphanus.","PeriodicalId":50257,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Agricultural and Urban Entomology","volume":"38 1","pages":"1 - 15"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43419356","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ABSTRACT The twospotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae), is one of the world's most damaging agricultural pests. Nanoparticles have become one of the most promising new tools for pest management in recent years, but their efficacies against T. urticae are poorly known. We conducted laboratory and greenhouse experiments to evaluate the efficacy of commercially available silicon oxide nanoparticle (SiO-NP) and zinc oxide nanoparticle (ZnO-NP), each applied at 5, 50 and 100 ppm, on the adult and egg stages of T. urticae on tomato, Solanum lycopersicum L. (Solanaceae). In the laboratory experiment, SiO-NP and ZnO-NP at 100 ppm caused 100% mortality among female adult mites at 72 h after treatment and among eggs at 7 d post-treatment. In the greenhouse experiment, SiO-NP and ZnO-NP at 50 and 100 ppm caused withered plants, whereas treatment at 5 ppm did not cause any phytotoxicity and decreased mite densities to 0.25 adult/leaf and 0.4 egg/leaf on SiO-NP-treated plants and 0 adult/leaf and 0.3 egg/leaf on ZnO-NP-treated at 7 d post-treatment. Mite densities at 7 d post-treatment were 1.8 adult/leaf and 1.7 egg/leaf on untreated plants. Average percentage of leaf area damaged was 25% on the untreated plants, and 0.7% and 0.9% on plants treated with SiO-NP and ZnO-NP at 5 ppm, respectively. These results suggest that application of SiO-NP and ZnO-NP at 5 ppm can be used as eco-friendly management strategy of T. urticae.
{"title":"Acaricidal Effects of Silicon Oxide and Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles against Tetranychus urticae (Acari: Tetranychidae) on Tomato Plants","authors":"Hussein S. Rasim, Baida H. Mohsen, B. K. Al-Gburi","doi":"10.3954/JAUE21-08","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3954/JAUE21-08","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The twospotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae), is one of the world's most damaging agricultural pests. Nanoparticles have become one of the most promising new tools for pest management in recent years, but their efficacies against T. urticae are poorly known. We conducted laboratory and greenhouse experiments to evaluate the efficacy of commercially available silicon oxide nanoparticle (SiO-NP) and zinc oxide nanoparticle (ZnO-NP), each applied at 5, 50 and 100 ppm, on the adult and egg stages of T. urticae on tomato, Solanum lycopersicum L. (Solanaceae). In the laboratory experiment, SiO-NP and ZnO-NP at 100 ppm caused 100% mortality among female adult mites at 72 h after treatment and among eggs at 7 d post-treatment. In the greenhouse experiment, SiO-NP and ZnO-NP at 50 and 100 ppm caused withered plants, whereas treatment at 5 ppm did not cause any phytotoxicity and decreased mite densities to 0.25 adult/leaf and 0.4 egg/leaf on SiO-NP-treated plants and 0 adult/leaf and 0.3 egg/leaf on ZnO-NP-treated at 7 d post-treatment. Mite densities at 7 d post-treatment were 1.8 adult/leaf and 1.7 egg/leaf on untreated plants. Average percentage of leaf area damaged was 25% on the untreated plants, and 0.7% and 0.9% on plants treated with SiO-NP and ZnO-NP at 5 ppm, respectively. These results suggest that application of SiO-NP and ZnO-NP at 5 ppm can be used as eco-friendly management strategy of T. urticae.","PeriodicalId":50257,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Agricultural and Urban Entomology","volume":"37 1","pages":"60 - 71"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48622762","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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