Pub Date : 2020-04-09DOI: 10.3954/1523-5475-36.1.64
Víctor Manuel Almaraz-Valle, J. R. Lomeli-Flores, E. Rodríguez‐Leyva, José Manuel Vázquez-Navarro, J. M. Vanegas-Rico
The sugarcane aphid (SCA), Melanaphis sacchari Zehntner (Hemiptera: Aphididae), was first reported in 2014 in sorghum (Sorghum bicolor Moench; Poaceae) fields in southern United States and northern Mexico (Rodríguez-delBosque & Terán 2015, Bowling et al. 2016), and caused 60–90% loss in grain production when populations were not managed timely (Bowling et al. 2016). Integrated SCA management programs include the use of an action threshold (50 to 125 aphids per plant), resistant varieties (Armstrong et al. 2015, 2018, Limaje et al. 2017, Paudyal et al. 2019), elimination of crop residues and alternative host plants, restriction of planting dates, and conservation of beneficial fauna (Singh et al. 2004, Jones et al. 2015, Bowling et al. 2016,Michaud et al. 2017). Parasitoids and predators of other cereal aphid species could play an important role in the natural control of SCA (Singh et al. 2004) when generalist parasitoids and predators migrate from other crops, such as wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), into the sorghum fields. To date, 55 parasitoid and predator species of SCA are recorded worldwide (Singh et al. 2004, Colares et al. 2015, Bowling et al. 2016), with 37 of them occurring in the southern United States and Mexico (Singh et al. 2004, Cortez-Mondaca et al. 2016, Rodríguez-Vélez et al. 2016). Coleoptera species were the most frequently collected, followed by those in Diptera and Neuroptera (Singh et al. 2004, Bowling et al. 2016, Rodríguez-Vélez et al. 2016). Among the neuropterans, Chrysopidae has received the most attention. At least ten chrysopid species have been reported as SCA predators, and the biology and predatory capacity of some species against SCAhave been investigated (Rana et al. 2017,Panth et al. 2017). Several chrysopid species are commercially available for the control of SCA in several countries, and mass release of Chrysoperla carnea Stephens
2014年，在美国南部和墨西哥北部的高粱（sorghum bicolor Moench；Poaceae）田地中首次报道了甘蔗蚜（SCA），即黑腹蚜（半翅目：蚜科）（Rodríguez delBosque&Terán 2015，Bowling等人2016），如果种群管理不及时，会导致粮食产量损失60-90%（Bowling等人，2016）。SCA综合管理计划包括使用行动阈值（每株50至125只蚜虫）、抗性品种（Armstrong等人2015、2018、Limaje等人2017、Paudyal等人2019）、消除作物残留物和替代寄主植物、限制种植日期、，以及有益动物群的保护（Singh等人2004，Jones等人2015，Bowling等人2016，Michaud等人2017）。当广义寄生蜂和捕食者从小麦（Triticum aestivum L.）等其他作物迁移到高粱地时，其他谷蚜物种的寄生蜂和天敌可能在SCA的自然控制中发挥重要作用（Singh等人，2004）。迄今为止，全球共记录了55种SCA的寄生蜂和捕食者（Singh等人，2004年，Colares等人，2015年，Bowling等人，2016年），其中37种发生在美国南部和墨西哥（Singh et al.，2004，Cortez Mondaca等人，2016，Rodríguez-Vélez等人，2016）。鞘翅目物种是最频繁收集的物种，其次是双翅目和神经翅目（Singh et al.2004，Bowling et al.2016，Rodríguez-Vélez et al.2016）。在神经肽中，金鳞科最受关注。据报道，至少有10种温石棉物种是SCA捕食者，并对一些物种对SCA的生物学和捕食能力进行了调查（Rana等人，2017，Panth等人，2017）。在几个国家，有几种金黄色葡萄品种可用于控制SCA，并大规模释放金黄色葡萄球菌
{"title":"Two New Species of Brown Lacewings as Predators of Melanaphis sacchari in Central Mexico","authors":"Víctor Manuel Almaraz-Valle, J. R. Lomeli-Flores, E. Rodríguez‐Leyva, José Manuel Vázquez-Navarro, J. M. Vanegas-Rico","doi":"10.3954/1523-5475-36.1.64","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3954/1523-5475-36.1.64","url":null,"abstract":"The sugarcane aphid (SCA), Melanaphis sacchari Zehntner (Hemiptera: Aphididae), was first reported in 2014 in sorghum (Sorghum bicolor Moench; Poaceae) fields in southern United States and northern Mexico (Rodríguez-delBosque & Terán 2015, Bowling et al. 2016), and caused 60–90% loss in grain production when populations were not managed timely (Bowling et al. 2016). Integrated SCA management programs include the use of an action threshold (50 to 125 aphids per plant), resistant varieties (Armstrong et al. 2015, 2018, Limaje et al. 2017, Paudyal et al. 2019), elimination of crop residues and alternative host plants, restriction of planting dates, and conservation of beneficial fauna (Singh et al. 2004, Jones et al. 2015, Bowling et al. 2016,Michaud et al. 2017). Parasitoids and predators of other cereal aphid species could play an important role in the natural control of SCA (Singh et al. 2004) when generalist parasitoids and predators migrate from other crops, such as wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), into the sorghum fields. To date, 55 parasitoid and predator species of SCA are recorded worldwide (Singh et al. 2004, Colares et al. 2015, Bowling et al. 2016), with 37 of them occurring in the southern United States and Mexico (Singh et al. 2004, Cortez-Mondaca et al. 2016, Rodríguez-Vélez et al. 2016). Coleoptera species were the most frequently collected, followed by those in Diptera and Neuroptera (Singh et al. 2004, Bowling et al. 2016, Rodríguez-Vélez et al. 2016). Among the neuropterans, Chrysopidae has received the most attention. At least ten chrysopid species have been reported as SCA predators, and the biology and predatory capacity of some species against SCAhave been investigated (Rana et al. 2017,Panth et al. 2017). Several chrysopid species are commercially available for the control of SCA in several countries, and mass release of Chrysoperla carnea Stephens","PeriodicalId":50257,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Agricultural and Urban Entomology","volume":"36 1","pages":"64 - 69"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48418309","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-02-21DOI: 10.3954/1523-5475-36.1.47
K. Rivera, P. L. Mitchell
ABSTRACT Assertions that first-instar pentatomids “do not feed” are pervasive in the literature. Recent research using rifampicin-resistant marked bacteria demonstrated that first-instar southern green stink bug, Nezara viridula (L.) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae), ingest from green bean. The technique of electropenetrography (EPG), coupled with histology, has allowed researchers to elucidate feeding behavior within plant tissue, and recordings of several species (including N. viridula) have shown that internal stylet probes of adults and late-instar nymphs may terminate in xylem as well as in seed endosperm, inner pod wall, or stem parenchyma. The seeming contradiction regarding “feeding” could be explained if first instars were simply hydrating from plant tissue to maintain water balance. In this study, first-instar N. viridula were supplied with either water or green bean, and subsequently given a traditional rearing diet (green bean and peanut) from second instar onward. We noted aggregations of first instars forming on water wicks and on beans along the carpellary bundles and at both tips. Availability of food (green bean) in first instar did not affect subsequent development. Using EPG, we recorded first-instar N. viridula probing on soybean leaves and found the primary waveform to be xylem ingestion. Probing and ingestion behavior did not differ between first instars previously exposed to high and moderate humidity conditions. We conclude that these insects ingest from xylem, but nutrients other than water are not required in the first instar for successful nymphal development.
{"title":"Feeding Behavior of Nezara viridula First Instars: EPG Analysis and Effect of Food Availability on Subsequent Development","authors":"K. Rivera, P. L. Mitchell","doi":"10.3954/1523-5475-36.1.47","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3954/1523-5475-36.1.47","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Assertions that first-instar pentatomids “do not feed” are pervasive in the literature. Recent research using rifampicin-resistant marked bacteria demonstrated that first-instar southern green stink bug, Nezara viridula (L.) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae), ingest from green bean. The technique of electropenetrography (EPG), coupled with histology, has allowed researchers to elucidate feeding behavior within plant tissue, and recordings of several species (including N. viridula) have shown that internal stylet probes of adults and late-instar nymphs may terminate in xylem as well as in seed endosperm, inner pod wall, or stem parenchyma. The seeming contradiction regarding “feeding” could be explained if first instars were simply hydrating from plant tissue to maintain water balance. In this study, first-instar N. viridula were supplied with either water or green bean, and subsequently given a traditional rearing diet (green bean and peanut) from second instar onward. We noted aggregations of first instars forming on water wicks and on beans along the carpellary bundles and at both tips. Availability of food (green bean) in first instar did not affect subsequent development. Using EPG, we recorded first-instar N. viridula probing on soybean leaves and found the primary waveform to be xylem ingestion. Probing and ingestion behavior did not differ between first instars previously exposed to high and moderate humidity conditions. We conclude that these insects ingest from xylem, but nutrients other than water are not required in the first instar for successful nymphal development.","PeriodicalId":50257,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Agricultural and Urban Entomology","volume":"36 1","pages":"47 - 63"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48094139","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-02-13DOI: 10.3954/1523-5475-36.1.35
Barbara A. Amoah, R. Mahroof
ABSTRACT The use of non-conventional methods in the management of stored product insect pests is gaining popularity, particularly due to problems associated with chemical control. The effect of ozone on Sitophilus oryzae (L.) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), an internal feeder of stored wheat and other grains, was investigated using dose-response experiments. Eggs, immature stages within wheat kernels, and adults were exposed to an ozone concentration of 200 ppm for 6, 18, and 30 h. Insect life stages were placed at a depth of 5, 15, and 25 cm in wheat filled in PVC pipes. Effect of ozone on S. oryzae life stages was evaluated as the percent mortality of treated eggs, immature stages, and adults. Egg mortality was recorded as the percentage of eggs that failed to hatch 10 d after treatment (DAT), and mortality in immature stages was recorded as the percentage of immature insects that failed to develop into adults 28 DAT at 28°C. Mortality of adults was recorded as the percentage that died 0, 1, and 2 DAT. Egg mortality at the 5 cm depth in wheat exposed to ozone for 30 h was significantly higher than the mortality when exposed for 18 h. When the three depths were compared, at 18 h and 30 h exposure times, fewer adults emerged from immature insects placed at 5 cm compared with insects placed at 15 or 25 cm depths. Adult mortality in insects placed at the 5 cm depth for all exposure times was significantly higher than at 15 and 25 cm at 2 DAT. Findings from this study suggest that ozone may be an effective fumigant; however, mortality of S. oryzae life stages is dependent on the exposure time, depth of occurrence in the wheat mass, or post treatment time (DAT).
{"title":"Disinfestation of Wheat Infested with Sitophilus oryzae Using Ozone Gas","authors":"Barbara A. Amoah, R. Mahroof","doi":"10.3954/1523-5475-36.1.35","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3954/1523-5475-36.1.35","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The use of non-conventional methods in the management of stored product insect pests is gaining popularity, particularly due to problems associated with chemical control. The effect of ozone on Sitophilus oryzae (L.) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), an internal feeder of stored wheat and other grains, was investigated using dose-response experiments. Eggs, immature stages within wheat kernels, and adults were exposed to an ozone concentration of 200 ppm for 6, 18, and 30 h. Insect life stages were placed at a depth of 5, 15, and 25 cm in wheat filled in PVC pipes. Effect of ozone on S. oryzae life stages was evaluated as the percent mortality of treated eggs, immature stages, and adults. Egg mortality was recorded as the percentage of eggs that failed to hatch 10 d after treatment (DAT), and mortality in immature stages was recorded as the percentage of immature insects that failed to develop into adults 28 DAT at 28°C. Mortality of adults was recorded as the percentage that died 0, 1, and 2 DAT. Egg mortality at the 5 cm depth in wheat exposed to ozone for 30 h was significantly higher than the mortality when exposed for 18 h. When the three depths were compared, at 18 h and 30 h exposure times, fewer adults emerged from immature insects placed at 5 cm compared with insects placed at 15 or 25 cm depths. Adult mortality in insects placed at the 5 cm depth for all exposure times was significantly higher than at 15 and 25 cm at 2 DAT. Findings from this study suggest that ozone may be an effective fumigant; however, mortality of S. oryzae life stages is dependent on the exposure time, depth of occurrence in the wheat mass, or post treatment time (DAT).","PeriodicalId":50257,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Agricultural and Urban Entomology","volume":"36 1","pages":"35 - 46"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48473134","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-30DOI: 10.3954/1523-5475-36.1.24
Mahshid Sarnevesht, M. Gheibi, S. Hesami, H. Zohdi
ABSTRACT Agonoscena pistaciae Burckhardt & Lauterer (Hemiptera: Aphalaridae) is the most important pest of pistachio trees in Iran and the world. Anthocoris minki pistaciae Wagner (Hemiptera: Anthocoridae) is a predator of A. pistaciae. Biological characteristics of this predatory bug were determined at three constant temperatures (17, 26 and 30 ± 2°C), 55 ± 5% R.H., and a photoperiod of 16:8 h (L:D). Data were analyzed by age-stage, two-sex life table to assess the variable developmental rates. Pre-adult developmental time of this predator at 17, 26 and 30°C were 24.5, 15.2 and 14.2 d, respectively. Adult longevities were 61.8, 51.9 and 43.7 d for males, and 60.3, 49.2 and 43 d for females at 17, 26 and 30°C, respectively. Fecundity at 17, 26 and 30°C were 50.3, 51.9 and 41.6 eggs/female, respectively. Intrinsic rates of increase (r) were 0.0707, 0.1042 and 0.1102 d–1 at 17, 26 and 30°C, respectively. The mean generation time (T) was 27.3 d (the shortest time) at 30°C and 42 d (the longest time) at 17°C. The net reproductive rate (R 0), the age-stage-specific fecundity (fxj), age-specific fecundity (mx) and age-specific maternity (lxmx) at 26°C were higher than those at 17 and 30°C. This research suggests that this predator can retain higher population densities at 26°C than at the other temperatures tested. Results of this study provide the biological basis for using A. minki pistaciae in a biological control program against A. pistaciae in pistachio orchards.
{"title":"Age-Stage, Two-Sex Life Tables of Anthocoris minki pistaciae (Hemiptera: Anthocoridae) Reared on Agonoscena pistaciae (Hemiptera: Aphalaridae) at Three Constant Temperatures","authors":"Mahshid Sarnevesht, M. Gheibi, S. Hesami, H. Zohdi","doi":"10.3954/1523-5475-36.1.24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3954/1523-5475-36.1.24","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Agonoscena pistaciae Burckhardt & Lauterer (Hemiptera: Aphalaridae) is the most important pest of pistachio trees in Iran and the world. Anthocoris minki pistaciae Wagner (Hemiptera: Anthocoridae) is a predator of A. pistaciae. Biological characteristics of this predatory bug were determined at three constant temperatures (17, 26 and 30 ± 2°C), 55 ± 5% R.H., and a photoperiod of 16:8 h (L:D). Data were analyzed by age-stage, two-sex life table to assess the variable developmental rates. Pre-adult developmental time of this predator at 17, 26 and 30°C were 24.5, 15.2 and 14.2 d, respectively. Adult longevities were 61.8, 51.9 and 43.7 d for males, and 60.3, 49.2 and 43 d for females at 17, 26 and 30°C, respectively. Fecundity at 17, 26 and 30°C were 50.3, 51.9 and 41.6 eggs/female, respectively. Intrinsic rates of increase (r) were 0.0707, 0.1042 and 0.1102 d–1 at 17, 26 and 30°C, respectively. The mean generation time (T) was 27.3 d (the shortest time) at 30°C and 42 d (the longest time) at 17°C. The net reproductive rate (R 0), the age-stage-specific fecundity (fxj), age-specific fecundity (mx) and age-specific maternity (lxmx) at 26°C were higher than those at 17 and 30°C. This research suggests that this predator can retain higher population densities at 26°C than at the other temperatures tested. Results of this study provide the biological basis for using A. minki pistaciae in a biological control program against A. pistaciae in pistachio orchards.","PeriodicalId":50257,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Agricultural and Urban Entomology","volume":"36 1","pages":"24 - 34"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47665207","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-22DOI: 10.3954/1523-5475-36.1.1
Alexander J. Chandler, F. Drummond, J. Collins, J. Lund, Gabriel Alnajjar
ABSTRACT Studies on the outcomes of pesticide exposure on bumble bees have traditionally evaluated the pesticides individually. Poorly known is the effect of simultaneous exposure to multiple pesticides, which has high likelihood in agricultural landscapes. Four experiments were conducted to determine if simultaneous exposure to sub-lethal doses of the insecticide Assail® (30% acetamiprid) and the fungicide Orbit® or Tilt® (41.8% propiconazole) would cause detrimental effects on survival and colony productivity of the common eastern bumble bee, Bombus impatiens (Cresson) (Hymenoptera: Apidae). Survival of workers exposed to propiconazole was marginally reduced (Experiment 1), whereas gyne production increased in colonies exposed to acetamiprid (Experiment 2). There was a trend for fewer larvae and workers in colonies exposed to acetamiprid and a mixture of acetamiprid and propiconazole (Experiment 3). Higher wax moth infestations and densities were observed in colonies exposed to the mixture of acetamiprid and propiconazole (Experiment 4). In conclusion, exposure to the two pesticides resulted in variable outcomes in B. impatiens. Synergy between acetamiprid and propiconazole was explained as an indirect effect of enhanced wax worm infestation. We found an increased level of wax worm infestation in colonies exposed to a mixture of Assail and Tilt compared to colonies not exposed to Assail or Tilt (control) or exposed only to Assail. While this study does not provide evidence that B. impatiens are at high risk when simultaneously exposed to field rates of these two pesticides, we suggest that wild blueberry growers practice integrated pest management as a means of reducing any amount of risk to these important bumble bees.
{"title":"Exposure of the Common Eastern Bumble Bee, Bombus impatiens (Cresson), to Sub-lethal Doses of Acetamiprid and Propiconazole in Wild Blueberry","authors":"Alexander J. Chandler, F. Drummond, J. Collins, J. Lund, Gabriel Alnajjar","doi":"10.3954/1523-5475-36.1.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3954/1523-5475-36.1.1","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Studies on the outcomes of pesticide exposure on bumble bees have traditionally evaluated the pesticides individually. Poorly known is the effect of simultaneous exposure to multiple pesticides, which has high likelihood in agricultural landscapes. Four experiments were conducted to determine if simultaneous exposure to sub-lethal doses of the insecticide Assail® (30% acetamiprid) and the fungicide Orbit® or Tilt® (41.8% propiconazole) would cause detrimental effects on survival and colony productivity of the common eastern bumble bee, Bombus impatiens (Cresson) (Hymenoptera: Apidae). Survival of workers exposed to propiconazole was marginally reduced (Experiment 1), whereas gyne production increased in colonies exposed to acetamiprid (Experiment 2). There was a trend for fewer larvae and workers in colonies exposed to acetamiprid and a mixture of acetamiprid and propiconazole (Experiment 3). Higher wax moth infestations and densities were observed in colonies exposed to the mixture of acetamiprid and propiconazole (Experiment 4). In conclusion, exposure to the two pesticides resulted in variable outcomes in B. impatiens. Synergy between acetamiprid and propiconazole was explained as an indirect effect of enhanced wax worm infestation. We found an increased level of wax worm infestation in colonies exposed to a mixture of Assail and Tilt compared to colonies not exposed to Assail or Tilt (control) or exposed only to Assail. While this study does not provide evidence that B. impatiens are at high risk when simultaneously exposed to field rates of these two pesticides, we suggest that wild blueberry growers practice integrated pest management as a means of reducing any amount of risk to these important bumble bees.","PeriodicalId":50257,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Agricultural and Urban Entomology","volume":"36 1","pages":"1 - 23"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47327061","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-10-16DOI: 10.3954/1523-5475-35.1.36
R. Whitehouse, B. Thrash, G. Lorenz, N. Bateman
{"title":"First Report of Rice Water Weevil, Lissorhoptrus oryzophilus, in Grain Sorghum in the United States","authors":"R. Whitehouse, B. Thrash, G. Lorenz, N. Bateman","doi":"10.3954/1523-5475-35.1.36","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3954/1523-5475-35.1.36","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50257,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Agricultural and Urban Entomology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49491494","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-07-10DOI: 10.3954/1523-5475-35.1.30
J. Cooper, R. Cherry, S. Daroub
{"title":"Attraction of the Corn Wireworm, Melanotus communis (Coleoptera: Elateridae), to Carbon Dioxide","authors":"J. Cooper, R. Cherry, S. Daroub","doi":"10.3954/1523-5475-35.1.30","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3954/1523-5475-35.1.30","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50257,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Agricultural and Urban Entomology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46681196","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-05-01DOI: 10.3954/1523-5475-35.1.21
D. Schneider, A. Córdoba‐Aguilar
ABSTRACT Acanthoscelides obtectus (Say) and Acanthoscelides obvelatus (Bridwell) (Coleoptera: Bruchidae) are two sympatric beetle species that infest bean seeds (Phaseolus vulgaris L.; Fabaceae). Using field-sampled wild P. vulgaris pods and data of population density, body size, and parasitoid pressure for both species across elevation and temperature gradients in the Mexican Altiplano, we explored whether interspecific competition occurs between the two bruchids. We expected that population density, body size, and parasitoid pressure of A. obtectus and A. obvelatus to be inversely related to one another. We found that population densities of the two species differed among the elevations, but their body sizes were independent of expected density patterns. Moreover, the parasitoid emergence rate was correlated to A. obvelatus abundance but not A. obtectus abundance. Our data suggest that niches of A. obtectus and A. obvelatus overlap only to such extent that interspecific competition seems unlikely due to a) alternative hosts are available for A. obtectus, and b) P. vulgaris seeds and alternative legumes are a fairly common resource in the studied area.
{"title":"Altitude, temperature, and parasitoid pressure may prevent competition between two Mexican bruchid beetles attacking wild Phaseolus vulgaris","authors":"D. Schneider, A. Córdoba‐Aguilar","doi":"10.3954/1523-5475-35.1.21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3954/1523-5475-35.1.21","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Acanthoscelides obtectus (Say) and Acanthoscelides obvelatus (Bridwell) (Coleoptera: Bruchidae) are two sympatric beetle species that infest bean seeds (Phaseolus vulgaris L.; Fabaceae). Using field-sampled wild P. vulgaris pods and data of population density, body size, and parasitoid pressure for both species across elevation and temperature gradients in the Mexican Altiplano, we explored whether interspecific competition occurs between the two bruchids. We expected that population density, body size, and parasitoid pressure of A. obtectus and A. obvelatus to be inversely related to one another. We found that population densities of the two species differed among the elevations, but their body sizes were independent of expected density patterns. Moreover, the parasitoid emergence rate was correlated to A. obvelatus abundance but not A. obtectus abundance. Our data suggest that niches of A. obtectus and A. obvelatus overlap only to such extent that interspecific competition seems unlikely due to a) alternative hosts are available for A. obtectus, and b) P. vulgaris seeds and alternative legumes are a fairly common resource in the studied area.","PeriodicalId":50257,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Agricultural and Urban Entomology","volume":"35 1","pages":"21 - 29"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47004153","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-03-01DOI: 10.3954/1523-5475-35.1.15
K. C. Grubbs, Zachary Masters
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Pub Date : 2019-01-01DOI: 10.3954/1523-5475-35.1.12
P. Schultz, Allen L. Szalanski
Crapemyrtle bark scale (CMBS), Acanthococcus (=Eriococcus) lagerstroemiae (Kuwana) (Hemiptera: Eriococcidae), is an important insect pest of crapemyrtle, Lagerstroemia spp. (Lythraceae), one of the most popular flowering shrubs in the United States. Since first detected in Texas in 2004, this pest has spread to 12 states (Gu et al. 2014), causing economic losses to growers of nursery crops and aesthetic injury that require management inputs to nursery and landscape trees. First observation and collection of A. lagerstroemiae in Virginia occurred in 2014 at a residence in Chesapeake, VA. The number of confirmed infestations had increased to 220 sites in six localities in coastal Virginia by 2018 (PBS, unpublished data). Initially thought to be monophagous, A. lagerstroemiae not only attacks crapemyrtle but also other plant species in a number of different families. In China, Japan and Korea, this pest was reported on 13 other plants of ecological and economic importance (Wang et al. 2016). Despite being present in the United States for more than 14 years,A. lagerstroemiae had only been observed feeding on crapemyrtle (Gu et al. 2016) until reported from American beautyberry (Callicarpa americana L.; Lamiaceae) in 2015 in Texas and Tennessee (Wang et al. 2016, F. Hale, personal communication). Identifying potential alternate hosts and confirming the species identification of suspect scale insects is critically important for developing an integrated pest management program for this newly invasive pest. Here, we report a new host for A. lagerstroemiae in the United States. Acanthococcus lagerstroemiae was first observed by PBS in a demonstration garden plot at the Hampton Roads Agricultural Research and Extension Center (HRAREC), a unit of Virginia Tech and the Virginia Agricultural Experiment Station located in Virginia Beach, VA (36°53′32′′N, 76°10′48′′W) in 2017 on dwarf crapemyrtles (Lagerstroemia ‘GAMAD IV’ (PP# 17219), Ruby DazzleTM) purchased from a commercial nursery in Smithfield, VA (36°56′58′′N, 76°35′48′′W) in 2009. The crapemyrtles died over the winter of 2017–2018. Mortality was at-
crapemytle bark scale (CMBS)， Acanthococcus (=Eriococcus) lagerstroemiae (Kuwana)(半翅目:eriococcae科)，是美国最常见的开花灌木之一紫薇(Lagerstroemia spp.)的重要害虫。自2004年在德克萨斯州首次发现以来，这种害虫已蔓延到12个州(Gu et al. 2014)，给苗圃作物种植者造成经济损失，并造成美观损害，这需要对苗圃和景观树进行管理投入。2014年，弗吉尼亚州切萨皮克的一处住宅首次观察和收集到了拉格斯特米伊蚊。到2018年，弗吉尼亚州沿海6个地区的确诊感染地点已增加到220个(PBS，未公布的数据)。最初被认为是单食的，lagerstroemiae不仅攻击紫薇，还攻击许多不同科的其他植物物种。在中国、日本和韩国，据报道，这种害虫在13种其他具有生态和经济重要性的植物上(Wang et al. 2016)。尽管在美国生活了14年多，A。在美国美莓(Callicarpa americana L.;(Wang et al. 2016, F. Hale, personal communication)。确定潜在的替代寄主和确定可疑蚧虫的物种鉴定对于制定害虫综合治理方案至关重要。在这里，我们报道了一种新的寄主在美国的拉格斯特米亚蚊。2017年，在弗吉尼亚海滩(北纬36°53′32”，西经76°10′48”)的弗吉尼亚理工大学汉普顿路农业研究与推广中心(HRAREC)和弗吉尼亚农业试验站的示范花园地块上，PBS首次观察到Lagerstroemia ' GAMAD IV ' (PP# 17219)， Ruby DazzleTM)于2009年从弗吉尼亚州史密斯菲尔德(北纬36°56′58”，西经76°35′48”)的商业苗圃购买。紫薇在2017-2018年冬天死亡。死亡率为-
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