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Effects of Butylated Hydroxytoluene (BHT) on Tribolium confusum (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) 丁基羟基甲苯(BHT)对褐飞蛾(鞘翅目:拟甲科)的防治作用
Q2 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2021-11-22 DOI: 10.3954/JAUE19-20
P. Barra, D. Garcia, M. Etcheverry, G. Barros, A. Nesci
ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to evaluate different doses of butylated hydroxytoleuene (BHT) against the confused flour beetle, Tribolium confusum Jacquelin du Val (Coleptera: Tenebrionidae). The effects on feeding behavior, growth, food consumption and total protein content of insects treated with different doses (1.48, 3.18, 6.36 and 9.54 mg g–1) of BHT were evaluated. Antifeedant activity was observed only at 1.48 mg g–1 in the choice assay, with a feeding deterrence index (FDI) of 0.41; this concentration also deterred feeding by 41.6%. All treatments showed feeding suppression index (FSI) and feeding inhibition index (FII) as <0, suggesting that the insects were dissuaded from eating and moved away even at the lowest doses. Repellency was observed at 1.48 mg g–1. All insects were alive at the lowest dose, whereas mortality ranged from 40 to 86% between 3.10 and 9.50 mg g–1. Food intake was reduced at the lowest dose. Adults exposed to a diet containing BHT showed significantly lower efficiency of conversion (ECI) than the untreated insects, indicating that more food was metabolized for energy and less was converted to body mass. The treated insects lost more than half of their initial weights. The protein content of insects exposed to 1.48 mg g–1 of BHT was similar to that of untreated insects. This study contributes to understanding the feeding behavior of T. confusum and facilitates the management of this insect in stored products.
摘要研究了不同剂量的丁基羟基甲苯(BHT)对黄粉甲虫(Tribolium confusum Jacquelin du Val)的拮抗作用。研究了不同剂量BHT(1.48、3.18、6.36和9.54 mg g-1)处理对昆虫摄食行为、生长、食用量和总蛋白含量的影响。在选择试验中,拒食活性仅在1.48 mg g-1时观察到,摄食威慑指数(FDI)为0.41;该浓度也使进食减少了41.6%。所有处理的取食抑制指数(FSI)和取食抑制指数(FII)均<0,表明即使在最低剂量下,昆虫也会被劝阻进食并离开。1.48 mg g-1驱避效果良好。在最低剂量下,所有昆虫均存活,而在3.10 ~ 9.50 mg g-1范围内,死亡率为40% ~ 86%。在最低剂量时,食物摄入量减少。接触含有BHT食物的成虫的转化效率(ECI)明显低于未接触BHT食物的成虫,这表明更多的食物被代谢为能量,而更少的食物被转化为体重。接受治疗的昆虫减去了超过一半的初始体重。暴露于1.48 mg g-1 BHT的昆虫蛋白质含量与未处理的昆虫相似。本研究有助于了解黄颡鱼的取食行为,为储藏产品中黄颡鱼的管理提供依据。
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引用次数: 0
Hemotological Changes in Bombyx mori (Lepidoptera: Bombycidae) Infected by Nosema bombycis 家蚕(鳞翅目:家蚕科)感染小夜蛾后的血液学变化
Q2 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2021-11-04 DOI: 10.3954/JAUE21-10
S. Nematollahian, M. Bagheri, Z. Yousefi, A. Khezrian, A. Zahmatkesh
ABSTRACT Pébrine is the most important disease of silkworm, Bombyx mori (L.) (Lepidoptera: Bombycidae), and is caused by Nosema bombycis (Nägeli) (Dissociodihaplophasida: Nosematidae). We investigated the effect of N. bombycis infection on the total hemocyte count (THC) and the differential hemocyte count (DHC) in hemolymph of a disease-resistant line (Line 104) and a susceptible line (Line 153) reared under optimum conditions. Fifth-instar silkworms were inoculated with a microsporidia spore suspension. Hemolymph was collected on the second, fourth and sixth days after inoculation, and THC and DHC of infected and uninfected silkworms were enumerated. Significantly higher THC was observed in the infected silkworms than the uninfected silkworms, but there was no significant difference in THC between lines. A significant difference in THC among days since inoculation in both lines was observed, with the average THC being higher on the second day since inoculation. DHC were significantly different among lines and days since inoculation. Granulocytes and plasmatocytes were the most numerous in Line 104, whereas granulocytes, plasmatocytes and prohemocytes were the most numerous in Line 153. Nosema infection decreased the percentage of all hemocytes, but increased the percentage of adipohemocytes and plasmatocytes. This study contributes to an improved understanding of the effects of microporidian infection that affects the sericulture industry.
摘要/ ABSTRACT摘要:蚕蛹病是家蚕(鳞翅目:家蚕科)最重要的疾病,由家蚕微虫(Nägeli) (Dissociodihaplophasida: Nosematidae)引起。我们研究了在最佳条件下饲养的一个抗病品系(line 104)和一个敏感品系(line 153),瓢虫感染对其血淋巴中总血细胞计数(THC)和差异血细胞计数(DHC)的影响。用微孢子虫孢子悬浮液接种5龄家蚕。接种后第2天、第4天和第6天采集血淋巴,分别对感染和未感染的家蚕进行THC和DHC计数。四氢大麻酚(THC)侵染家蚕显著高于未侵染家蚕,但品系间无显著差异。两系接种后各天THC差异显著,接种后第2天THC平均值较高。接种后不同品系、不同天数的DHC差异显著。粒细胞和浆细胞在Line 104中数量最多,而粒细胞、浆细胞和原血细胞在Line 153中数量最多。小虫感染降低了所有血细胞的百分比,但增加了脂肪血细胞和浆细胞的百分比。本研究有助于提高对影响蚕桑产业的微孢子虫感染的认识。
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引用次数: 1
First Record of Aethina tumida Murray (Coleoptera: Nitidulidae) in Colombia 标题哥伦比亚夜蛾首次记录(鞘翅目:夜蛾科)
Q2 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2021-10-27 DOI: 10.3954/JAUE21-09
Stephanie Johana Numa-Vergel, Yuly P. Sandoval-Cáceres, E. V. Vergara-Navarro
The honey bee, Apis mellifera L. (Hymenoptera: Apidae), has been threatened worldwide by high colony loss rates (Dainat et al. 2012, Lee et al. 2015, Watson & Stallins 2016,Haddad et al. 2017). The losses have been attributed to different factors, such as diseases, pesticide application near apiaries, climate change, beehive management practices, several parasitic mite species [including Varroa destructor Anderson & Trueman (Mesostigmata: Varroidae), Tropilaelaps spp. (Mesostigmata: Laelapidae), and Acarapis woodi Rennie (Trombidiformes: Tarsonemidae)] and insects (such as Aethina tumidaMurray; Coleoptera: Nitidulidae) (Bernadou et al. 2009, Cresswell et al. 2012, Ghosh & Jung 2017, Flores et al. 2019). Despite these colony losses, honey production has increased in recent years due to an increase in colonies number (Piou et al. 2016, Traynor et al. 2016, Xu et al. 2016, Kulhanek et al. 2017, 2021, Castilhos et al. 2019). The small hive beetle, A. tumida, is a parasite of honey bee and other social bee species (Neuman & Elzen 2004). Elzen et al. (1999) reported that A. tumida is attracted to hives with honey and pollen, and its population increases in stressed hives or recently abandoned colonies with immature bees. Aethina tumida is native to sub-Saharan Africa, where it is usually considered a minor pest (Neumann&Ellis 2008). This insect has a cosmopolitan distribution (Figure 1) (Habeck 2002). It has been reported in Africa, Europe, North America, Oceania and South America (Mostafa & Williams 2000, Boncristiani et al. 2020). In this paper, we report for first time the detection of A. tumida in Colombia. The specimens were collected manually on 3 October 2020 (by L. F. Alvarez and D. E. Quintero of Corporación Colombiana de Investigación Agropecuaria) in old honeycomb frames without brood in a honey bee apiary maintained at Palmira Research Center, Valle del Cauca, Palmira, Colombia (1003 m; N3°31′16,597′′, W76°18′25,387′′). The specimens were identified using keys in Habeck (2002), Brown et al. (2013) and OIE (2018) under stereomicroscopes (Stereo Discovery.V12; Carl Zeiss
蜜蜂,Apis mellifera L.(膜翅目:蜜蜂科),因高群体损失率在全球范围内受到威胁(Dainat et al. 2012, Lee et al. 2015, Watson & Stallins 2016,Haddad et al. 2017)。损失可归因于不同的因素,如疾病、养蜂场附近的农药施用、气候变化、蜂箱管理措施、几种寄生性螨[包括破坏瓦螨(中刺目:瓦螨科)、Tropilaelaps(中刺目:瓦螨科)和木螨(恙螨目:Tarsonemidae)]和昆虫(如athina tumidaMurray;鞘翅目:Nitidulidae) (Bernadou et al. 2009, Cresswell et al. 2012, Ghosh & Jung 2017, Flores et al. 2019)。尽管有这些蜂群损失,但近年来由于蜂群数量的增加,蜂蜜产量有所增加(Piou等人2016年,Traynor等人2016年,Xu等人2016年,Kulhanek等人2017,2021年,Castilhos等人2019年)。小蜂巢甲虫,a . tumida,是蜜蜂和其他群居蜜蜂物种的寄生虫(Neuman & Elzen 2004)。Elzen等人(1999)报告说,蜜蜂被蜂蜜和花粉吸引到蜂箱中,在压力大的蜂箱或最近被遗弃的有未成熟蜜蜂的蜂群中,蜜蜂的数量增加。蛔虫原产于撒哈拉以南非洲,在那里它通常被认为是一种小害虫(Neumann&Ellis 2008)。这种昆虫具有世界性分布(图1)(Habeck 2002)。在非洲、欧洲、北美、大洋洲和南美洲都有报道(Mostafa & Williams 2000, Boncristiani et al. 2020)。本文报道首次在哥伦比亚检测到tumida。标本由Corporación columbiana de Investigación Agropecuaria的L. F. Alvarez和D. E. Quintero于2020年10月3日人工采集,采集地点为哥伦比亚Palmira考卡谷Palmira研究中心(1003 m;N3°31 16597”,W76 18°25387”)。Habeck(2002)、Brown et al.(2013)和OIE(2018)在立体显微镜下使用钥匙对标本进行了鉴定(Stereo Discovery.V12;卡尔蔡司
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引用次数: 3
Settling Success of Ceroplastes grandis (Hemiptera: Coccidae) Crawlers on Duranta erecta var. lemon (Verbenaceae) 大Ceroplastes grandis(半翅目:Coccidae)爬行类在杜兰塔直立变种柠檬(马鞭草科)上的定居成功
Q2 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2021-08-13 DOI: 10.3954/JAUE21-03
C. M. Decuyper, L. Claps, J. C. Araujo Vieira de Souza, Eleodoro E. Del Valle
Ceroplastes grandis Hempel (Hemiptera: Coccidae) is a polyphagous wax scale insect. Females form unsightly clusters in heavy infestations, especially on ornamental plants and urban trees (Granara de Willink & Claps 2003). Excessive removal of plant sap causes wilting of plants. Research on C. grandis has focused on taxonomy (Granara de Willink 1999, Peronti et al. 2008, Rosa et al. 2016), and some aspects of biology, damage and management (Vaccaro & Mousqués 1996, Granara de Willink & Claps 2003, Rosa et al. 2016, Correa Franco 2018). Duranta erecta var. lemon L. (Verbenaceae) is a shrub native from southern United States to Argentina (Sanders 1984), and widely used as an ornamental plant in parks and gardens (Parodi & Dimitri 2004). Decuyper et al. (2020) reported the detection of C. grandis on D. erecta plants in Argentina, and the reduction in the plants’ ornamental value. Since insecticide application is most effective against the crawlers and second instars, which are not protected by wax cover (Smith et al. 1971, Camacho et al. 2017), knowledge of the settling behavior of crawlers on this shrub is important to developing effective management practices that reduce C. grandis populations and damage. The aim of this study was to determine how successfullyC. grandis crawlers could settle onD. erecta var. lemon plants. The settling behavior of this wax scale onD. erecta has not been addressed. First-instar C. grandis were collected from a highly infested D. erecta plant in a private garden in Paraná, Entre Ríos, Argentina (31°46′01.6′′S, 60°31′10.7′′W). Before collection, we confirmed that C. grandis was the only scale species presented on the source plant by identifying adult females based on the description of Vaccaro & Mousqués (1996). The insects were placed on moist filter papers in Petri dishes and transported to the laboratory. They were then exposed to 12°C in
大蜡蚧(半翅目:瓢虫科)是一种多食性蜡蚧昆虫。雌性在严重的虫害中形成难看的集群,特别是在观赏植物和城市树木上(Granara de Willink & Claps 2003)。过多地去除植物汁液会导致植物枯萎。对C. grandis的研究主要集中在分类上(Granara de Willink 1999, Peronti et al. 2008, Rosa et al. 2016),以及生物学、损害和管理的某些方面(Vaccaro & mousqu 1996, Granara de Willink & Claps 2003, Rosa et al. 2016, Correa Franco 2018)。Duranta erecta var. lemon L.(马鞭草科)是一种灌木,原产于美国南部至阿根廷(Sanders 1984),广泛用作公园和花园的观赏植物(Parodi & Dimitri 2004)。Decuyper et al.(2020)报道了在阿根廷的D. erecta植物上检测到大C. grandis,并降低了植物的观赏价值。由于杀虫剂对没有蜡盖保护的爬行虫和二龄虫最有效(Smith et al. 1971, Camacho et al. 2017),因此了解爬行虫在这种灌木上的沉降行为对于制定有效的管理措施以减少大叶蝉的数量和损害非常重要。这项研究的目的是确定c。grandis crawler可以解决onD问题。直立植物,柠檬植物。研究了该蜡垢的沉降行为。直立塔没有得到解决。本研究采自阿根廷Entre Ríos市parane 某私家花园(南纬31°46′01.6”,西经60°31′10.7”)一株高发直立木。采集前,我们根据Vaccaro & mousqu(1996)的描述鉴定成虫雌性,确认大鳞螟是源植物上唯一存在的鳞片种。这些昆虫被放在潮湿的滤纸上,放在培养皿中,然后运到实验室。然后将它们暴露在12°C的
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引用次数: 0
Light-Emitting Diode Light Traps as an Improved Method for Control of Musca domestica (Diptera: Muscidae) 发光二极管光陷阱作为一种改进的家蝇控制方法(直翅目:蝇科)
Q2 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2021-07-14 DOI: 10.3954/JAUE21-06
R. Mertz, Lynn M Johnson, Hoon-Sik Eom, Jong Man Kim, J. G. Scott
House flies, Musca domestica L. (Diptera: Muscidae), are ubiquitous and transmit scores of pathogens which cause human diseases (Scott & Lettig 1962, Greenberg 1965, Keiding 1986). As a result, their populations must be controlled in hospitals, schools and facilities that handle and/or sell food (grocery stores, restaurants, markets, etc.). Pathogens transmitted by house flies include bacteria causing diseases such as salmonellosis, anthrax, ophthalmia, shigellosis, tuberculosis, cholera, and infantile diarrhea; protozoa that cause amebic dysentery; helminthic infections such as pinworms, roundworms, hookworms, and tapeworms; as well as viral and rickettsial infections. House flies can spread a deadly strain of Escherichia coli (Migula) Castellani & Chalmers (Enterobacteriaceae) (Sasaki et al. 2000) and other life threatening antibiotic resistant bacteria (Rahuma et al. 2005, Macovei & Zurek 2006) which constitute an ever increasing threat in hospitals and other healthcare facilities (Sundin 1996, Graczyk et al. 2001, Maisnier-Patin & Andersson 2004, Boulesteix et al. 2005). Numerous studies have shown that control of house flies can limit transmission of human diseases (Watt & Lindsay 1948, Lindsay et al. 1953, Bian et al. 2018). There are needs for non-chemical control of house flies in some environments where the use of insecticides can be problematic, such as restaurants, schools, grocery stores, hospitals, etc. Light traps represent an effective alternative to insecticides in these facilities. Insect light traps typically rely on a UV light source as an attractant, and a common trap design for house flies consists of a wall-mounted light source with a glue board situated behind the lights. House flies are attracted most strongly to wavelengths between 310 and 370 nm (Thimijan& Pickens 1973), and their attraction to the light source depends on the intensity of the light source (Thimijan & Pickens 1973), the design of the trap (Thimijan & Pickens 1973, Pickens & Thimijan 1986, Syms &Goodman 1987, Rutz et al. 1988, Roberts et al. 1992, Hogsette 2008) and the on/off cycle (Hogsette 2019). UV light based traps have
家蝇(Musca domestica L.,双翅目:蝇科)普遍存在,并传播许多导致人类疾病的病原体(Scott & Lettig 1962, Greenberg 1965, Keiding 1986)。因此,必须在医院、学校和处理和/或销售食品的设施(杂货店、餐馆、市场等)控制其人口。家蝇传播的病原体包括引起沙门氏菌病、炭疽、眼病、志贺氏菌病、结核病、霍乱和婴儿腹泻等疾病的细菌;引起阿米巴痢疾的原生动物;蠕虫感染,如蛲虫、蛔虫、钩虫和绦虫;还有病毒和立克次体感染。家蝇可以传播一种致命的大肠杆菌(Migula)、Castellani和Chalmers(肠杆菌科)(Sasaki等人,2000年)和其他威胁生命的抗生素耐药细菌(Rahuma等人,2005年,Macovei和Zurek, 2006年),这些细菌对医院和其他医疗机构构成日益严重的威胁(Sundin 1996, Graczyk等人,2001年,Maisnier-Patin和Andersson, 2004年,Boulesteix等人,2005年)。大量研究表明,控制家蝇可以限制人类疾病的传播(Watt & Lindsay 1948, Lindsay et al. 1953, Bian et al. 2018)。在一些使用杀虫剂可能有问题的环境中,如餐馆、学校、杂货店、医院等,需要对家蝇进行非化学控制。在这些设施中,捕光器是杀虫剂的有效替代品。昆虫捕光器通常依靠紫外线光源作为引诱剂,一种常见的家蝇捕光器设计包括一个壁挂式光源和位于灯后面的胶板。在310和370 nm之间的波长对果蝇的吸引力最大(Thimijan& Pickens 1973),它们对光源的吸引力取决于光源的强度(Thimijan& Pickens 1973)、陷阱的设计(Thimijan& Pickens 1973, Pickens & Thimijan 1986, Syms & goodman 1987, Rutz等人1988,Roberts等人1992,Hogsette 2008)和开关周期(Hogsette 2019)。基于紫外线的捕集器
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引用次数: 0
Efficacy of Selected Insecticides in Reducing Rhodesgrass Mealybug (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) Density on Golf Course Putting Greens 几种杀虫剂对降低高尔夫球场果岭草地草地螟(半翅目:拟球虫科)密度的效果
Q2 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2021-07-14 DOI: 10.3954/JAUE21-07
S. V. Joseph, R. Wolverton, J. Chong
ABSTRACT Rhodesgrass mealybug, Antonina graminis (Maskell) (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae), has long been a pest of warm-season grass species used for turf and hay. This species is benefiting from a recent resurgence as a pest of golf course putting greens. No efficacy information is currently available to aid in selecting insecticides for the management of rhodesgrass mealybug. This three-year study evaluated the efficacy of seven active ingredients (acephate, alpha-cypermethrin, cyantraniliprole, dinotefuran, flupyradifurone, imidacloprid, and thiamethoxam) applied at several concentrations to golf course putting greens in Georgia and South Carolina, United States. The goal of this study was to identify the most effective insecticides for rhodesgrass mealybug management. Acephate, flupyradifurone, imidacloprid and thiamethoxam achieved greater and more consistent reduction in rhodesgrass mealybug abundance than other insecticides in multiple experiments. Based on our results, long-term suppression of mealybug populations could only be achieved through repeated applications of these insecticides targeting crawlers or an integrated pest management program that complement chemical control. There are needs to further improve management efficacy against rhodesgrass mealybugs by identifying additional effective insecticides of different modes of action to complement acephate, flupyradifurone, imidacloprid and thiamethoxam, and methods by which the efficacy of these insecticides could be further improved.
摘要罗德斯草粉蚧,Antonina graminis(Maskell)(半翅目:拟球虫科),长期以来一直是草坪和干草用暖季草的害虫。该物种受益于最近作为高尔夫球场推杆果岭害虫的死灰复燃。目前还没有有效的信息来帮助选择用于管理红景天粉蚧的杀虫剂。这项为期三年的研究评估了美国乔治亚州和南卡罗来纳州高尔夫球场果岭上几种浓度的七种活性成分(乙酰甲胺磷、高效氯氰菊酯、氰甲酰丙氨醇、丁二呋喃、氟吡喃脲、吡虫啉和噻虫嗪)的功效。本研究的目的是确定最有效的杀虫剂来管理红景天粉蚧。在多个实验中,乙酰甲胺磷、氟吡喃脲、吡虫啉和噻虫嗪比其他杀虫剂更大、更一致地减少了红景天粉蚧的丰度。根据我们的研究结果,只有通过反复应用这些针对爬行类的杀虫剂或补充化学控制的综合害虫管理计划,才能实现对粉蚧种群的长期抑制。需要通过鉴定不同作用模式的额外有效杀虫剂来补充乙酰甲胺磷、氟吡喃脲、吡虫啉和噻虫嗪,以及进一步提高这些杀虫剂疗效的方法,来进一步提高对红景天粉蚧的管理效果。
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引用次数: 0
Evaluation of Cluster Buster Fly Traps in a Large Commercial Establishment 大型商业机构集群捕蝇器的评估
Q2 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2021-03-16 DOI: 10.3954/1523-5475-37.1.6
J. Hogsette
It is common knowledge that flies, particularly house flies, Musca domestica L. (Diptera: Muscidae), upon entering a building may eventually be found in a window, presumably trying to get outside. In addition to the entry of the occasional fly, flies in northern climes, e.g., blow flies (Calliphoridae), cluster flies (Pollenia rudis (F.); Polleniidae), and face flies (Musca autumnalis De Geer; Muscidae), will overwinter in large numbers in the attics of houses. When the weather begins to warm up,many of these flies find their way into the living areas of the house. They are attracted to the windows on the warmer, sunny side of the house (Pickens & Miller 1980, Burks et al. 1997, Cranshaw 2018). This can become a tremendous nuisance problem because a portion of the flies enter the living areas daily until all of the overwintering flies have left the attic. Having watched the behavior of flies in windows for many hours, it becomes obvious that flies fly up and down a glass pane with the anterior part of their head more or less touching the pane to some degree. This up and down flight continues until the fly, possibly fatigued, drops to the sill. Flies remain on the sill momentarily or for longer periods before resuming their up-and-down flight. Thus, it seems logical that windows would be good sites for placement of fly intervention devices, and many such devices are currently on the market. Most of these devices employ adhesive strips to capture flies, whereas others are pesticide-treated peelable stickers. In 2002 a different type of window trap, the Cluster Buster (Powder Trap Co., Collingwood, Ontario, Canada), appeared on the market. The trap fits flush against a windowpane and has a reservoir containing finely ground eggshells. At the top of the reservoir is a slit that is close and parallel to the windowpane once the trap has been mounted. This allows insects descending the windowpane to fall inside the trap. The finely powdered, chemically neutral eggshells act like quicksand and quickly engulf the struggling insect. The purpose of this study was to determine the types and numbers of insects captured by the Cluster Buster trap.
众所周知,苍蝇,尤其是家蝇Musca domestica L.(直翅目:蝇科),在进入建筑物时,最终可能会在窗户里被发现,可能是想出去。除了偶尔的苍蝇进入外,北方地区的苍蝇,例如,飞蝇(丽蝇科)、簇蝇(Pollenia rudis(F.);Pollenidae)和面蝇(Musca autumnalis De Geer;蝇科)将在房屋阁楼中大量越冬。当天气开始变暖时,这些苍蝇中的许多会进入房子的生活区。他们被房子温暖、阳光明媚一侧的窗户吸引(Pickens&Miller 1980,Burks等人1997,Cranshaw 2018)。这可能会成为一个巨大的麻烦问题,因为一部分苍蝇每天都会进入生活区,直到所有越冬的苍蝇都离开阁楼。在观察了苍蝇在窗户里的行为数小时后,很明显,苍蝇在玻璃窗上来回飞行,头部前部或多或少地接触到了玻璃窗。这种上上下下的飞行一直持续到可能疲劳的苍蝇掉到窗台上。在恢复上下飞行之前,苍蝇会在窗台上停留片刻或更长时间。因此,窗户是放置苍蝇干预设备的好地方似乎是合乎逻辑的,目前市场上有许多这样的设备。这些设备大多使用胶带捕捉苍蝇,而其他设备则是经过农药处理的可剥离贴纸。2002年,市场上出现了一种不同类型的窗户陷阱,Cluster Buster(加拿大安大略省科林伍德的Powder trap Co.)。这个陷阱与窗格齐平,有一个储液器,里面装着磨碎的蛋壳。储液罐顶部有一条狭缝,一旦安装了存水弯,该狭缝就与窗格玻璃靠近并平行。这使得从窗户玻璃上下来的昆虫落入陷阱。细腻的粉末状、化学性质中性的蛋壳就像流沙一样迅速吞噬挣扎的昆虫。本研究的目的是确定集群巴斯特诱捕器捕获的昆虫的类型和数量。
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引用次数: 1
Development of Hippotion celerio (L.) (Lepidoptera: Sphingidae) on Cissus quadrangularis L. (Vitaceae) in Bangalore, India 印度班加罗尔四棱叶蝉(Vitaceae)上小叶蝉的发育(鳞翅目:蜘蛛科)
Q2 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2020-12-23 DOI: 10.3954/1523-5475-36.1.120
K. Soumya, A. Krishnamoorthy
Approximately 3000 plant species are used in traditional medicine practices in India, such as Ayurveda, Homeopathy, Siddha and Yunani (Pandey et al. 2013). Cissus quadrangularis L. (Vitaceae), an indigenous plant in India, is being evaluated for its therapeutic efficacy (Ravishankar & Shukla 2007).Cissus quadrangularis is characterized by a thick quadrangular fleshy stem, and leaves with smooth margins. It is commonly grown in warm tropical climates in India, Sri Lanka, Java and West Africa (Udupa et al. 1970). The plant is often called “Hadjod” in Hindi and “Asthisamdhani” in Sanskrit due to its potential to speed the healing of fractured bones (Sivarajan & Balachandran 1994). In Kenya and Sri Lanka, the plant is used to treat piles, gout, venereal diseases, leukorrhea and dysentery (HolfordWalker 1981, Khan et al. 1991, Yoganarsimhan 2000). The stem is used to treat scurvy, irregular menstruation, otorrhoea and epistaxis, and the root is used to treat bone fracture in India (Nadkarni 1954, Prasad & Udupa 1963, Kumbhojkar et al. 1991, Sandhip & Sheetal 2014, Brahmkshatriya et al. 2015). During a regular survey of pests of economically important crops in 2016, a new lepidopteran pest was encountered on C. quadrangularis grown as medicinal plants in the backyard of a house near Rabindranath Tagore Nagar, Bangalore, Karnataka, India. Caterpillars were bought back to the laboratory, reared on C. quadrangularis, and the resulting moths were identified by Dr. Janakiraman Poorani at Indian Council of Agricultural Research – National Bureau of Agricultural Insect Resources (ICAR-NBAIR), Bangalore, Karnataka, India, asHippotion celerio (L.) (Lepidoptera: Sphingidae). Hippotion celerio is found in Africa, India and Sri Lanka, and, as an invasive species in southern Europe and Australia. This detection represents the first report of H. celerio in Bangalore. Chatterjee & Ram (1969) reportedH. celerio from Poona, India, and described coloration of last instar
印度传统医学实践中使用了大约3000种植物,如阿育吠陀、顺势疗法、悉达和尤拉尼(Pandey et al. 2013)。目前正在对印度本土植物——四角仙桃(Vitaceae)的治疗效果进行评估(Ravishankar & Shukla 2007)。四角仙鹤的特点是茎粗大,呈四边形,肉质,叶边缘光滑。它通常生长在印度、斯里兰卡、爪哇和西非的温暖热带气候中(Udupa et al. 1970)。这种植物在印地语中通常被称为“Hadjod”,在梵语中被称为“Asthisamdhani”,因为它有加速骨折愈合的潜力(Sivarajan & Balachandran 1994)。在肯尼亚和斯里兰卡,这种植物被用来治疗痔疮、痛风、性病、白带和痢疾(HolfordWalker 1981, Khan et al. 1991, Yoganarsimhan 2000)。在印度,茎部用于治疗坏血病、月经不调、耳漏和鼻出血,根部用于治疗骨折(Nadkarni 1954, Prasad & Udupa 1963, Kumbhojkar等人1991,Sandhip & Sheetal 2014, Brahmkshatriya等人2015)。在2016年对重要经济作物有害生物的定期调查中,在印度卡纳塔克邦班加罗尔Rabindranath Tagore Nagar附近的一所房屋后院作为药用植物种植的四角蛾(C. quadrangularis)上发现了一种新的鳞翅目有害生物。将幼虫买回实验室,饲养在C. quadrangularis上,由印度卡纳塔克邦邦班加罗尔的印度农业研究委员会-国家农业昆虫资源局(icar - nair)的Janakiraman Poorani博士鉴定为hippotion celerio (L.)(鳞翅目:Sphingidae)。希波tion celerio产于非洲、印度和斯里兰卡,是南欧和澳大利亚的一种入侵物种。这是在班加罗尔发现的第一例塞莱里奥氏杆菌。查特吉和拉姆(1969)报道了h。来自印度普那的celerio,描述了最后一颗星的颜色
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引用次数: 0
Survival and Plant Injury of Cry2Ab2-susceptible and Resistant Sugarcane Borer (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) on Bt Corn Containing Single or Pyramided Transgenes 对cry2ab2敏感和抗性的甘蔗螟虫在含单转基因和锥形转基因的Bt玉米上的存活和植株伤害
Q2 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2020-12-23 DOI: 10.3954/1523-5475-36.1.115
Y. Niu, G. Head, Paula A. Price, F. Huang
The sugarcane borer (SCB), Diatraea saccharalis (F.) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae), is a target species of Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) corn in South America and the mid-southern United States (Huang et al. 2007, Grimi et al. 2018). MON 89034 is a common Bt corn event targeting aboveground lepidopteran pests including SCB (DiFonzo 2020). MON 89034 contains genes for two proteins from Bt: Cry1A.105 and Cry2Ab2. Recently, resistance to Cry1F corn hybrids and crossresistance to the Cry1A.105 protein in MON 89034 have been reported in field populations of SCB in Argentina (Grimi et al. 2018). Thus, it is important to understand the potential for field-evolved resistance to Cry2Ab2 in SCB. Using a F2 screen, we isolated a Cry2Ab2-resistant SCB strain (Cry2A-RR) from a field population collected in Louisiana (Huang et al. 2015). The current study examines the performance of some common transgenic Bt corn traits containing one or multiple Bt genes against the Cry2A-RR. Two SCB strains, Cry2A-RR and a Bt susceptible strain (Bt-SS), were used in this study. The Cry2A-RR strain was developed from a F2 screen with a single two-parental family collected from a non-Bt corn field in Louisiana in 2011. It has been documented to be highly resistant to Cry2Ab2 protein and Cry2Ab2 whole corn plants (Huang et al. 2015). Bt-SS was originally obtained from non-Bt corn fields in Franklin Parish, Louisiana, in 2009. Thereafter, additional field-collected individuals were added into the Bt-SS strain to maintain its genetic diversity. BtSS was confirmed to be susceptible to purified Cry2Ab2, Cry1F, Cry1Ac, Cry1Ab, and Cry1A.105 proteins in diet, and to plant tissue expressing any of these Bt proteins (Ghimire et al. 2011, Wangila et al. 2012, Huang et al. 2015). To ensure a similar genetic background, the original Cry2A-RR described above was backcrossed with Bt-SS and the F2 populations of the backcrossed was reselected on Cry2A-Plant leaf tissue for three more generations as described in the F2 screen
甘蔗螟虫(SCB), Diatraea saccharalis (F.)(鳞翅目:Crambidae),是南美洲和美国中南部苏云金芽孢杆菌(Bacillus thuringiensis, Bt)玉米的目标种(Huang et al. 2007, Grimi et al. 2018)。MON 89034是一种常见的Bt玉米事件,针对地面鳞翅目害虫,包括SCB (DiFonzo 2020)。mon89034含有两种Bt蛋白的基因:Cry1A。105和Cry2Ab2。最近,对Cry1F的抗性玉米杂交种和Cry1A的交叉抗性。据报道,在阿根廷的SCB田间种群中发现了MON 89034中的105蛋白(Grimi et al. 2018)。因此,了解SCB对Cry2Ab2的田间抗性的潜力是很重要的。通过F2筛选,我们从路易斯安那州采集的野外种群中分离出一株抗cry2ab2的SCB菌株(Cry2A-RR) (Huang et al. 2015)。目前的研究考察了一些含有一个或多个Bt基因的常见转基因Bt玉米性状对Cry2A-RR的表现。本研究选用2株SCB, Cry2A-RR和1株Bt敏感株Bt- ss。Cry2A-RR菌株是2011年从路易斯安那州一块非bt玉米田收集的一个双亲家庭的F2筛选中培育出来的。据文献记载,它对Cry2Ab2蛋白和Cry2Ab2全株玉米具有高度抗性(Huang et al. 2015)。Bt-SS最初于2009年从路易斯安那州富兰克林教区的非bt玉米地里获得。随后,将田间收集的个体添加到Bt-SS品系中,以保持其遗传多样性。BtSS被证实对纯化的Cry2Ab2、Cry1F、Cry1Ac、Cry1Ab和Cry1A敏感。以及表达这些Bt蛋白的植物组织(Ghimire et al. 2011, Wangila et al. 2012, Huang et al. 2015)。为了确保相似的遗传背景,将上述原始Cry2A-RR与Bt-SS回交,并将回交的F2群体在Cry2A-Plant叶片组织上重新选择3代,如F2屏幕所示
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引用次数: 0
General introduction 总体介绍
Q2 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2020-10-07 DOI: 10.1201/9781003059936-2
W. H. Robinson
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引用次数: 0
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The Journal of Agricultural and Urban Entomology
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