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Assessment of ocular surface response to tinted soft contact lenses with different characteristics and pigment location 不同特征及色素位置的有色软性隐形眼镜眼表反应评价
IF 5.5 3区 工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC Pub Date : 2020-01-01 DOI: 10.1080/15599612.2020.1859657
Min-Yen Hsu, Pei-Yu Hong, Jyh-Cheng Liou, Yu-Ping Wang, Connie Chen
Abstract This study investigated the characteristics and location of the pigment layer of commercially available tinted contact lenses and evaluated ocular surface properties. The rub-off test and anterior segment Fourier-domain optical coherence tomography were used to analyze the pigment layer of the lenses. They also completed a rating questionnaire of subjective symptom perception after wearing. Among the four groups, there were significant differences in the ocular surface properties on day 3 (p < 0.05). Most of the ocular surface properties were significantly different between baseline and after being worn on day 1, day 3 and day 7 (p < 0.05), especially for tinted contact lenses with pigment layers on the lens surface. On initial wearing of the tinted contact lenses, contact between pigment layers on the surface of the lens and ocular tissues appeared to irritate the ocular surface more than non-pigment layers on the surface. Pigment-tinted soft contact lenses with lower oxygen permeability may cause worse ischemic signs on the ocular surface. However, the ocular surface adapted gradually and the symptoms decreased after wearing the tinted contact lens.
摘要本研究调查了商用有色隐形眼镜色素层的特性和位置,并评估了眼表性能。采用摩擦试验和前段傅立叶域光学相干断层扫描对晶状体色素层进行分析。他们还完成了一份关于佩戴后主观症状感知的评分问卷。在四组中,第3天的眼表特性有显著差异(p < 0.05)。在基线和佩戴后的第1天、第3天和第7天,大多数眼表特性有显著差异(p < 0.05),特别是对于在镜片表面上具有颜料层的有色隐形眼镜。在初次佩戴有色隐形眼镜时,镜片表面的色素层和眼组织之间的接触似乎比表面的非色素层更刺激眼表面。氧气渗透性较低的色素色软性隐形眼镜可能会导致眼表缺血性症状恶化。然而,佩戴有色隐形眼镜后,眼表逐渐适应,症状减轻。
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引用次数: 2
Progress in wafer bonding technology towards MEMS, high-power electronics, optoelectronics, and optofluidics 晶圆键合技术在MEMS、高功率电子、光电子和光流控领域的进展
IF 5.5 3区 工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC Pub Date : 2020-01-01 DOI: 10.1080/15599612.2020.1857890
Jikai Xu, Yunchen Du, Yanhong Tian, Chenxi Wang
Abstract Wafer bonding is an attractive technology that can join homo/heterogeneous materials into one composite. It has a wide range of applications in the micro-electro-mechanical system (MEMS), integrated circuit, consumer and power electronics, micro/nanofluidics, etc. Since all devices on the same wafer are sealed and tested at wafer size, it brings lots of benefits compared with the component-level packaging, such as substantial savings in time, materials, and labor. In this review, we firstly introduce the low- and room-temperature Si bonding and their applications in MEMS fabrication. Subsequently, we present applications of the third-generation semiconductor bonding towards optoelectronics. Due to the research in the electro-optical modulation of lithium niobate (LiNbO3) has made revolutionary progress in recent years, we also show the bonding method towards single-crystal LiNbO3 thin-film fabrication. Finally, we set our sights on the bonding of infrared materials, which might be the next research hotspot for the emerging ultrasensitive sensors.
摘要晶片键合是一种很有吸引力的技术,可以将同质/异质材料连接成一种复合材料。它在微机电系统(MEMS)、集成电路、消费电子和电力电子、微/纳米流体等领域有着广泛的应用。由于同一晶圆上的所有设备都是按照晶圆尺寸进行密封和测试的,因此与组件级封装相比,它带来了许多好处,例如在时间、材料和劳动力方面大幅节省。在这篇综述中,我们首先介绍了低温和室温硅键合及其在MEMS制造中的应用。随后,我们介绍了第三代半导体键合在光电子领域的应用。由于近年来铌酸锂(LiNbO3)的电光调制研究取得了革命性的进展,我们还展示了单晶LiNbO3薄膜的键合方法。最后,我们将目光投向了红外材料的键合,这可能是新兴超灵敏传感器的下一个研究热点。
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引用次数: 18
Precision control of miniature SCARA robots for multi-object spectrographs 多目标摄谱仪微型SCARA机器人的精度控制
IF 5.5 3区 工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC Pub Date : 2020-01-01 DOI: 10.1080/15599612.2020.1829218
L. Kronig, Philipp Hörler, Stefane Caseiro, Loïc Grossen, Ricardo Araújo, J. Kneib, M. Bouri
Abstract Advances in astronomy led to the demand for measuring the spectra of multiple night sky objects simultaneously. Some of these Multi-Object Spectrographs use robotic systems that position optical fibers in the focal plane of the observing telescope. These systems rely on precise fiber placement in order to collect the light spectra of faint stars and galaxies. Here, we present how to design, control, and operate micro SCARA-like robots to position optical fibers to micrometer precision. As an illustrative example, we show the design and performance results of the SDSS-V fiber positioner, which has been build for the Apache Point Observatory and the Las Campanas Observatory with 500 units for each telescope.
天文学的进步导致了同时测量多个夜空物体光谱的需求。其中一些多目标光谱仪使用机器人系统将光纤定位在观测望远镜的焦平面上。这些系统依靠精确的光纤放置来收集微弱恒星和星系的光谱。在这里,我们介绍了如何设计,控制和操作微型scara类机器人来定位光纤到微米精度。作为一个实例,我们展示了SDSS-V光纤定位器的设计和性能结果,该定位器已为阿帕奇点天文台和拉斯坎帕纳斯天文台建造,每个望远镜500个。
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引用次数: 6
Reconfigurable metamaterials for optoelectronic applications 用于光电应用的可重构超材料
IF 5.5 3区 工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC Pub Date : 2020-01-01 DOI: 10.1080/15599612.2020.1834655
Yu‐Sheng Lin, Zefeng Xu
Abstract In recent years, electromagnetic characteristics of metamaterials has aroused great interest because of innovative fundamental understanding as well as promising potential applications in optics, semiconductors, imaging, and sensing. We survey the state-of-the-art of spatially reconfigurable metamaterials in which electromagnetic Lorentz, Coulomb, and Ampere forces, as well as optical signals and thermal stimulation can be dynamically changed their optical properties. Electro-mechanical and optical inputs change the amplitude, phase, polarization of incident electromagnetic wave, and optical response within these metamaterials, which can be driven by electric or optical signals. Based on a solid theoretical foundation, we review the most recent experimental works on reconfigurable metamaterials endowed with an active tuning characteristic. Additionally, we review the potential metamaterial applications that may inspire new research works and offer a comparison to other optoelectronic fields.
近年来,超材料的电磁特性因其在光学、半导体、成像和传感等领域具有创新的基础认识和潜在的应用前景而引起了人们的极大兴趣。我们研究了空间可重构超材料的最新进展,其中电磁洛伦兹、库仑和安培力以及光信号和热刺激可以动态改变其光学性质。机电和光学输入改变了这些超材料内入射电磁波的振幅、相位、极化和光响应,这些超材料可以由电信号或光信号驱动。在坚实的理论基础上,回顾了近年来具有主动调谐特性的可重构超材料的实验研究进展。此外,我们回顾了潜在的超材料应用,可能会激发新的研究工作,并提供了与其他光电领域的比较。
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引用次数: 60
Fuzzy logic based feedback control system for the frequency stabilization of external-cavity semiconductor lasers 基于模糊逻辑的外腔半导体激光器稳频反馈控制系统
IF 5.5 3区 工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC Pub Date : 2020-01-01 DOI: 10.1080/15599612.2020.1828516
Yang Wang, Xiaoyan Wu, Yuhang Wang, Xiaoping Zhou
Abstract This paper proposes an intelligent approach (fuzzy logic) for the design of external-cavity semiconductor lasers (ECLs) for better disturbance rejection. As a kind of nonlinear optical system, ECL output frequency is difficult to be stabilized by conventional methods. The fuzzy logic algorithm is preferred for ECLs stabilization, which could update parameters automatically. Suddenability to reject nonlinear disturbances arch occur in the fuzzy logic systemduring operation, speed of operation and PID gains are alteredonline in accordance with the disturbances to reject. To showthe efficacy of the proposed method, a fuzzy logic ECL stabilization system is designed. The results prove that our method is effective and robust.
摘要本文提出了一种基于模糊逻辑的智能外腔半导体激光器设计方法,以获得更好的抗干扰性。ECL作为一种非线性光学系统,其输出频率难以用常规方法稳定。模糊逻辑算法具有自动更新参数的功能,适合于ecl的稳定。对模糊逻辑系统运行过程中可能出现的非线性扰动进行突发性抑制,根据扰动在线改变运行速度和PID增益进行抑制。为了验证该方法的有效性,设计了一个模糊逻辑ECL镇定系统。实验结果证明了该方法的有效性和鲁棒性。
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引用次数: 2
Silk fibroin and ultra-long silver nanowire based transparent, flexible and conductive composite film and its Temperature-Dependent resistance 丝素蛋白与超长银纳米线基透明柔韧导电复合薄膜及其温敏电阻
IF 5.5 3区 工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC Pub Date : 2019-01-01 DOI: 10.1080/15599612.2019.1639002
Xiangzheng Qin, Yu Peng, Piaopiao Li, K. Cheng, Zhenzhong Wei, Ping Liu, Ning Cao, Junyi Huang, Jinjun Rao, Jinbo Chen, Tao Wang, Xiaomao Li, Mei Liu
Abstract A transparent, conductive, smooth, and temperature sensitive thin films was fabricated and characterized in this paper. Silk fibroin could be processed into transparent thin films, which can act as ideal opto-electronic substrates. As pure silk fibroin film is nonconductive, ultra-long silver nanowires coating and platinum sputtering were used to strengthen its conductivity. Ultra-long nanowires were used to reduce the junctions between wires, and platinum was to improve the conductivity of the film. The new nanowire-metal-organic composite film possesses excellent conductivity and good transmittance. The composite films containing different silver nanowires exhibit conductivities of as low as 6.9 Ω/sq, and transmittance of 60–80% in the visible light range. The films also showed potentials in practical applications as their resistance is almost linearly temperature-dependent. It also can transfer power to electrical devices. The new composite films could be expected to function in wearable electronics or implantable devices and sensors.
本文制备了一种透明、导电、光滑、温度敏感的薄膜,并对其进行了表征。丝素蛋白可以被加工成透明薄膜,作为理想的光电子基底。由于纯丝素蛋白膜是不导电的,因此采用超长银纳米线涂层和铂溅射来增强其导电性。超长纳米线用于减少导线之间的连接,铂用于提高薄膜的导电性。新型纳米线-金属-有机复合膜具有良好的导电性和透光性。含有不同银纳米线的复合膜在可见光范围内表现出低至6.9Ω/sq的电导率和60–80%的透射率。薄膜在实际应用中也显示出潜力,因为它们的电阻几乎与温度线性相关。它还可以将电力传输到电气设备。新型复合薄膜有望在可穿戴电子设备或植入式设备和传感器中发挥作用。
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引用次数: 16
Binocular microlens imaging system based on micro fabrication technology and its application in vein-enhanced display 基于微加工技术的双目微透镜成像系统及其在静脉增强显示中的应用
IF 5.5 3区 工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC Pub Date : 2019-01-01 DOI: 10.1080/15599612.2019.1634166
Si Di, Jian Jin
Abstract Vein display device can significantly increase the success rate of intravenous injection. However, traditional vein display devices only contain near-infrared image information, which inevitably loses skin color information. In this article, a binocular microlens was fabricated by micro-fabrication technology. Then, a smart binocular microlens imaging system is set up. By this system, the near-infrared image with venous distribution and visible light image with actual skin color can be obtained simultaneously. In addition, an improved image fusing algorithm is proposed. The image fusing result shows that the venous details can be clearly shown and the background color of the hand also can be well preserved. Therefore, the proposed scheme can provide more real vein information. As the smart structure of the binocular microlens, the dual-bands microlens imaging system has the potential for miniaturization and could integrate with intelligent glasses for assisting intravenous injection.
摘要静脉显示装置可以显著提高静脉注射的成功率。然而,传统的静脉显示设备只包含近红外图像信息,不可避免地会丢失肤色信息。本文采用微加工技术制作了双目微透镜。然后,建立了一个智能双目微透镜成像系统。该系统可以同时获得具有静脉分布的近红外图像和具有实际肤色的可见光图像。此外,还提出了一种改进的图像融合算法。图像融合结果表明,该方法能够清晰地显示手部静脉的细节,并且能够很好地保留手部的背景颜色。因此,所提出的方案可以提供更真实的静脉信息。作为双目微透镜的智能结构,双频带微透镜成像系统具有小型化的潜力,可以与辅助静脉注射的智能眼镜集成。
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引用次数: 6
Modeling and evaluation of magnetic fluid deformable mirror with dual-layer actuators 双层作动器磁流体变形镜的建模与评价
IF 5.5 3区 工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC Pub Date : 2019-01-01 DOI: 10.1080/15599612.2019.1588930
Zhu Zhang, Xiang Wei, Zhizheng Wu, G. Scott, Yuanyuan Wang, Mei Liu, M. Dziki
Abstract In this paper, a rectangular magnetic fluid deformable mirror (MFDM) with dual-layer actuators is proposed, which is designed to improve the correction performance for full-order aberrations. Compared with the conventional adaptive optics system that uses two mirrors to configure as a woofer–tweeter system, the proposed MFDM combines the two mirrors into one by using a two-layer layout design of the actuators. Firstly, based on the governing equations of the magnetic fluid, derived from the principles of conservation of fluid mass and magnetic field, the dynamics model of surface deflection of the MFDM is analyzed in Cartesian coordinates under the boundary conditions of the magnetic field and the kinematic conditions of magnetic fluid. Then, the analytical solutions of the surface movement of the mirror subject to the applied currents in the electromagnetic coils are obtained by properly separating the variables with truncated model numbers. Finally, the experimental results based on a fabricated prototype square MFDM show the effectiveness of modeling and the correction performance of the mirror for the full-order aberrations.
为了提高对全阶像差的校正性能,提出了一种双层作动器的矩形磁流体变形镜(MFDM)。与传统自适应光学系统采用双反射镜配置为一个低音-高音系统相比,本文提出的MFDM通过采用两层作动器布局设计将两个反射镜合二为一。首先,根据流体质量守恒原理和磁场守恒原理,建立了磁流体控制方程,在磁场边界条件和磁流体运动条件下,在笛卡尔坐标系下分析了磁流体表面偏转的动力学模型。然后,用截断的模型号适当分离变量,得到了反射镜在电磁线圈电流作用下表面运动的解析解。最后,基于制作的方形MFDM原型的实验结果表明了该反射镜建模的有效性和对全阶像差的校正性能。
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引用次数: 3
Laser-dilatometer calibration using a single-crystal silicon sample 利用单晶硅样品校准激光膨胀计
IF 5.5 3区 工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC Pub Date : 2019-01-01 DOI: 10.1080/15599612.2019.1587117
Ines Hamann, J. Sanjuan, R. Spannagel, M. Gohlke, G. Wanner, S. Schuster, F. Guzmán, C. Braxmaier
Abstract Marginal changes in geometrical dimensions due to temperature changes affect the performance of optical instruments. Highly dimensionally stable materials can minimize these effects since they offer low coefficients of thermal expansion (CTE). Our dilatometer, based on heterodyne interferometry, is able to determine the CTE in range. Here, we present the improved interferometer performance using angular measurements via differential wavefront sensing to correct for tilt-to-length coupling. The setup was tested by measuring the CTE of a single-crystal silicon at 285 K. Results are in good agreement with the reported values and show a bias of less than 1%.
温度变化引起的几何尺寸的边际变化会影响光学仪器的性能。高度尺寸稳定的材料可以最大限度地减少这些影响,因为它们提供低热膨胀系数(CTE)。我们的膨胀计,基于外差干涉测量,能够确定范围内的CTE。在这里,我们提出了改进的干涉仪性能,使用角测量通过差分波前传感来纠正倾斜-长度耦合。通过测量单晶硅在285 K下的CTE,对该装置进行了测试。结果与报告值吻合良好,偏差小于1%。
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引用次数: 5
Flatness measurement of large flat with two-station laser trackers 双站激光跟踪仪测量大平面平面度
IF 5.5 3区 工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC Pub Date : 2018-01-02 DOI: 10.1080/15599612.2018.1529846
Jie Li, Jie Yang, Shi-bin Wu, X. Cao
Abstract We present a novel method to accurately measure the flatness of a large flat. The method can be seen as a task-specific error correction of the laser tracker. Laser trackers are positioned at two specific measuring stations and measure the coordinates of the same sample points. The angular errors of the primary laser tracker are compensated with constraint information provided by an additional laser tracker. Using this method, we measure the flatness of a 4.5 m flat. The flatness measurement uncertainty is 1.4 µm in rms (root mean square).
提出了一种精确测量大平面平面度的新方法。该方法可以看作是激光跟踪器的特定任务误差校正。激光跟踪仪位于两个特定的测量站,测量相同样品点的坐标。主激光跟踪器的角度误差由附加激光跟踪器提供的约束信息补偿。利用这种方法,我们测量了一个4.5 m平面的平整度。平面度测量不确定度为1.4µm,以均方根表示。
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引用次数: 4
期刊
International Journal of Optomechatronics
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