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1X4 Optical Switch Based on Digital Actuator 基于数字执行器的1X4光开关
IF 5.5 3区 工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC Pub Date : 2015-04-03 DOI: 10.1080/15599612.2015.1034902
Hani Al Hajjar, L. Petit, F. Lamarque, B. Fracasso
In this article, an optical fiber switch based on a digital actuator is presented. Four discrete positions are obtained through a magnetic holding of a Mobile Permanent Magnet (MPM) placed in a fixed square cavity. The MPM can switch, thanks to Lorentz's force, between the four corners of the cavity. A 1X4 optical fiber switch is obtained by fixing a prismatic mirror on the top side of the MPM and an N × N switch array can be obtained using a matrix of this unit. After a presentation of the actuator principle, the optical switch is detailed and characterized for telecommunication purpose.
本文介绍了一种基于数字执行器的光纤开关。通过放置在固定方形腔内的移动永磁体(MPM)的磁持有获得四个离散位置。由于洛伦兹力,MPM可以在腔体的四个角之间切换。通过在MPM的顶部固定一个棱镜镜可以得到一个1X4光纤交换机,利用该单元的矩阵可以得到一个N × N开关阵列。在介绍了致动器原理后,详细介绍了用于通信目的的光开关。
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引用次数: 2
Scanning Electron Microscope Calibration Using a Multi-Image Non-Linear Minimization Process 使用多图像非线性最小化过程的扫描电子显微镜校准
IF 5.5 3区 工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC Pub Date : 2015-04-03 DOI: 10.1080/15599612.2015.1034903
Le Cui, É. Marchand
A scanning electron microscope (SEM) calibrating approach based on non-linear minimization procedure is presented in this article1 1A part of this article has been published in IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation (ICRA), 2014.. Both the intrinsic parameters and the extrinsic parameters estimations are achieved simultaneously by minimizing the registration error. The proposed approach considers multi-images of a multi-scale calibration pattern view from different positions and orientations. Since the projection geometry of the scanning electron microscope is different from that of a classical optical sensor, the perspective projection model and the parallel projection model are considered and compared with distortion models. Experiments are realized by varying the position and the orientation of a multi-scale chessboard calibration pattern from 300× to 10,000×. The experimental results show the efficiency and the accuracy of this approach.
本文提出了一种基于非线性最小化程序的扫描电子显微镜(SEM)校准方法。本文的一部分已发表在2014年IEEE机器人与自动化国际会议(ICRA)上。通过最小化配准误差,实现了内部参数和外部参数的同时估计。该方法考虑了来自不同位置和方向的多尺度校准模式视图的多幅图像。由于扫描电子显微镜的投影几何形状与传统光学传感器不同,考虑了透视投影模型和平行投影模型,并与畸变模型进行了比较。实验通过改变多尺度棋盘定标图案的位置和方向,从300×到10,000×来实现。实验结果表明了该方法的有效性和准确性。
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引用次数: 8
Size-Dependent Resonant Frequency and Flexural Sensitivity of Atomic Force Microscope Microcantilevers Based on the Modified Strain Gradient Theory 基于修正应变梯度理论的原子力显微镜微悬臂梁尺寸相关共振频率和弯曲灵敏度
IF 5.5 3区 工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC Pub Date : 2015-04-03 DOI: 10.1080/15599612.2015.1034900
R. Ansari, T. Pourashraf, R. Gholami, S. Sahmani, M. Ashrafi
In the present study, the resonant frequency and flexural sensitivity of atomic force microscope (AFM) microcantilevers are predicted incorporating size effects. To this end, the modified strain gradient elasticity theory is applied to the classical Euler-Bernoulli beam theory to develop a non-classical beam model which has the capability to capture size-dependent behavior of microcantilevers. On the basis of Hamilton's principle, the size-dependent analytical expressions corresponding to the frequency response and sensitivity of AFM cantilevers are derived. It is observed that by increasing the contact stiffness, the resonant frequencies of AFM cantilevers firstly increase and then tend to remain constant at an especial value. Moreover, the resonant frequencies of AFM cantilevers obtained via the developed non-classical model is higher than those of the classical beam theory, especially for the values of beam thickness close to the internal material length scale parameter.
本文对原子力显微镜(AFM)微悬臂梁的谐振频率和弯曲灵敏度进行了考虑尺寸效应的预测。为此,将修正的应变梯度弹性理论应用于经典欧拉-伯努利梁理论,建立了能够捕捉微悬臂梁尺寸依赖行为的非经典梁模型。基于Hamilton原理,导出了AFM悬臂梁频率响应和灵敏度的尺寸相关解析表达式。观察到,随着接触刚度的增大,AFM悬臂梁的谐振频率先增大后趋于恒定。此外,通过所建立的非经典模型得到的AFM悬臂梁的谐振频率高于经典梁理论,特别是梁厚度接近内部材料长度尺度参数的值。
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引用次数: 19
Wide-Range Axial Position Measurement for Jumping Behavior of Optically Trapped Microsphere Near Surface Using Chromatic Confocal Sensor 用彩色共聚焦传感器测量光捕获微球近表面跳变行为的宽范围轴向位置
IF 5.5 3区 工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC Pub Date : 2015-04-03 DOI: 10.1080/15599612.2015.1034901
Shin-ichi Ueda, M. Michihata, T. Hayashi, Y. Takaya
When a microsphere is trapped near a surface by single-beam gradient force trapping, the standing wave is generated between the microsphere and the surface, where abrupt motion along the optical axis (jumping) is observed corresponding to displacement of the surface. This jumping distance is on the order of a few hundred nanometers. In the vicinity of the surface, intensity of retro-reflected light is increased so that the averaged position of the jumping is shifted up on the order of several micrometers. Therefore wide-range and high-resolution position measurement technique is required. In this article, we proposed to apply a chromatic confocal sensor to measure the axial position of the microsphere in the standing wave. It was experimentally validated that the position of the microsphere could be measured with a resolution of 10 nm and a measuring range of 3 µm.
当微球被单束梯度力捕获在表面附近时,在微球和表面之间产生驻波,在那里观察到与表面位移相对应的沿光轴的突然运动(跳变)。这个跳跃距离大约是几百纳米。在表面附近,增加了反反射光的强度,使得跳跃的平均位置向上移动了几微米。因此,需要大范围、高分辨率的位置测量技术。在本文中,我们提出了一种彩色共聚焦传感器来测量微球在驻波中的轴向位置。实验证明,微球的位置测量分辨率为10 nm,测量范围为3µm。
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引用次数: 4
Overview of Nitride Semiconductors 氮化半导体概述
IF 5.5 3区 工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC Pub Date : 2015-01-02 DOI: 10.1080/15599612.2014.944292
T. Matsuoka
The short history of the development in nitride semiconductors is described. As key issues for the future progress are concreted from this history, the polarity of crystal, the substrate for the epitaxial growth of nitride semiconductors, and emerging material, InN are introduced. The device applications including optical devices and transport devices are reviewed. Finally, this article looks into the future prospect of nitride semiconductors.
简述了氮化半导体的发展历史。在此基础上,对晶体极性、氮化半导体外延生长的衬底和新兴材料InN等未来发展的关键问题进行了介绍。综述了器件的应用,包括光学器件和传输器件。最后,对氮化半导体的发展前景进行了展望。
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引用次数: 5
Precise Measurement of the Thickness of a Dielectric Layer on a Metal Surface by Use of a Modified Otto Optical Configuration 用改进奥托光学结构精确测量金属表面介电层厚度
IF 5.5 3区 工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC Pub Date : 2015-01-02 DOI: 10.1080/15599612.2014.988386
Yoshiki Kaneoka, Kentaro Nishigaki, Y. Mizutani, T. Iwata
We propose a modified method for thickness measurement of a dielectric coating layer on metal based on Otto optical configuration (O-configuration). This method enables us to estimate the coating thickness that typically ranges from several tens of nanometers to more than one micrometer with precision less than a few nanometers. The common method to measure the thickness of dielectric coating layer is to utilize the frustrated total-internal reflection. In order to measure the thickness of several tens of nanometers, one can apply the surface-plasmon-resonance (SPR) phenomenon generated by the p-polarized light. For thickness larger than one hundred nanometers, a metal-clad leaky-waveguide (MCLW) mode generated by the p- or the s-polarized light can be employed without significant changes to the optical setup. The numerical and experimental verifications of the modified O-configuration reveals its effectiveness for precise measurement of moderately-thick dielectric coating layer on the metal.
提出了一种改进的基于Otto光学结构(O-configuration)的金属介质涂层厚度测量方法。这种方法使我们能够估计涂层厚度,通常范围从几十纳米到超过一微米,精度小于几纳米。测量介质涂层厚度的常用方法是利用抑制全内反射。为了测量几十纳米的厚度,可以利用p偏振光产生的表面等离子体共振(SPR)现象。对于大于100纳米的厚度,可以采用p或s偏振光产生的金属包层泄漏波导(MCLW)模式,而无需对光学装置进行重大更改。数值和实验验证了改进的o型结构对金属中厚介质涂层精确测量的有效性。
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引用次数: 8
Digital Interferometric Measurement of Forced Convection Fields in Compact Channels 紧凑通道中强制对流场的数字干涉测量
IF 5.5 3区 工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC Pub Date : 2015-01-02 DOI: 10.1080/15599612.2014.916370
H. Divya, G. R. Reddy, C. Sobhan
The application of digital interferometric techniques in the measurement of forced convection in compact channels is examined. Michelson Interferometry and Mach–Zehnder Interferometry have been compared and contrasted, in terms of the suitability for temperature measurements. A wedge-fringe setting parallel to the heated surface has been utilized as the basis of the fringe analysis, for effective measurement in small dimension channels. Michelson interferometry was found to provide a larger number of data points in the visualization field, thus proving to be a better method of measurement in compact passages. Heat transfer parameters, useful in heat sink design, were also calculated.
研究了数字干涉测量技术在紧凑通道强制对流测量中的应用。迈克尔逊干涉法和马赫-曾德干涉法在温度测量的适用性方面进行了比较和对比。平行于受热表面的楔形条纹设置被用作条纹分析的基础,以便在小尺寸通道中进行有效测量。迈克尔逊干涉测量法在可视化领域提供了大量的数据点,因此证明是一种更好的紧凑通道测量方法。计算了散热器设计的传热参数。
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引用次数: 8
Dynamic Head-Disk Interface Modeling and Adaptive Control of a Hybrid Actuator for Optical Data Storage Systems 光学数据存储系统混合驱动器的动态头盘接口建模与自适应控制
IF 5.5 3区 工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC Pub Date : 2015-01-02 DOI: 10.1080/15599612.2014.972599
Zhizheng Wu, Yang Li, Pei Wang, Mei Liu
In the near-field recording (NFR) system, the gap between the lens and disk will drop down to 100 nm. However, the disk vibration and force disturbance make it difficult to maintain the desired flying height during disk operation, and the lens-disk collision can easily occur. It is proposed in this article to design a hybrid actuator system which combines both advantages of the flying slider used in hard disk drives and the voice coil actuator used in optical disk drives. The dynamic head-disk interface model of the hybrid actuator is first developed, then an adaptive regulation approach is proposed to control the flying height at its desired value despite the unknown disturbances. Simulation and experimental results are presented to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed flying height control approach.
在近场记录(NFR)系统中,镜头与磁盘之间的间隙将降至100 nm。然而,磁盘的振动和力扰动使得磁盘在运行过程中难以保持期望的飞行高度,并且容易发生透镜-磁盘碰撞。本文提出了一种结合硬盘驱动器中的飞滑块驱动器和光盘驱动器中的音圈驱动器优点的混合驱动器系统。首先建立了混合驱动器的动态头盘接口模型,然后提出了一种自适应调节方法,使其在存在未知干扰的情况下将飞行高度控制在期望值上。仿真和实验结果验证了所提飞行高度控制方法的有效性。
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引用次数: 3
Development of a Stereovision-Based Tracking System by Applying a Hybrid Autofocus Technology 应用混合自动对焦技术开发基于立体视觉的跟踪系统
IF 5.5 3区 工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC Pub Date : 2015-01-02 DOI: 10.1080/15599612.2014.988387
Kuan-Yu Chen, Chien-Hung Chen, Sung-Chi Yang
This article presents an intelligent surveillance system based on stereovision for dynamic tracking of moving objects with autofocus and lossless zoom capabilities. The core technology of the system combines a modified stereovision algorithm with an autofocus search method. First, in order to reduce the effect of changing the lens focal length, the modified stereovision algorithm provides an obvious advantage in accuracy of depth estimation. Then the estimated depth not only can be used for adjusting the appropriate zoom level of cameras but also for shortening the search range of focal points. Moreover, the autofocus search method can simplify the image sharpness curve to a single peak. Therefore, by using spline interpolation, the focus position can be efficiently and accurately estimated. Finally, experimental results show that the proposed scheme has the ability to improve the accuracy of depth estimation and provide more clear images of moving objects.
本文提出了一种基于立体视觉的运动物体动态跟踪智能监控系统,具有自动对焦和无损变焦功能。该系统的核心技术是将改进的立体视觉算法与自动对焦搜索方法相结合。首先,为了减少改变镜头焦距的影响,改进的立体视觉算法在深度估计精度上有明显的优势。然后,估计的深度不仅可以用于调整相机的适当变焦级别,还可以用于缩短焦点的搜索范围。此外,自动对焦搜索方法可以将图像清晰度曲线简化为单峰。因此,利用样条插值可以有效、准确地估计焦点位置。最后,实验结果表明,该方案能够提高深度估计的精度,提供更清晰的运动目标图像。
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引用次数: 1
The Manipulation and Combustion of Carbon-Based Micro Particles by Optical Tweezers 光镊对碳基微颗粒的操纵与燃烧
IF 5.5 3区 工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC Pub Date : 2015-01-02 DOI: 10.1080/15599612.2014.928391
Shengji Li, Xuefeng Huang
This article presents the manipulation and combustion of carbon-based micro particles (polystyrene, active carbon) by optical tweezers. Trap, ignition, and combustion of micro particles are well demonstrated. For polystyrene in water, polystyrene micro particles of 2.9 µm are trapped with increasing laser power. The polystyrene takes reaction and combusts as the laser power of 520 mW. For active carbon in air, both single active carbon and active carbon bundle can be trapped, dragged, oxidized, ignited, and combusted. The drag speed and burning rate of single active carbon of 7.0 µm are 103.7 µm/s and 14.0 µm/s as the minimum ignition power of 3.2 mW. Combustions of single active carbon and bundle are flameless at minimum ignition power. As the power is further enhanced, strenuous oxidation and combustion flame can be observed. For active carbon bundle of 215.7 µm, combustion process sustains 0.72 s as the laser power of 90 mW.
本文介绍了用光学镊子对碳基微颗粒(聚苯乙烯、活性炭)的操纵和燃烧。微粒的捕集、点火和燃烧都得到了很好的证明。对于水中的聚苯乙烯,随着激光功率的增加,捕获的聚苯乙烯微粒尺寸为2.9µm。聚苯乙烯在520兆瓦的激光功率下发生反应燃烧。对于空气中的活性炭,单个活性炭和活性炭束都可以被捕获、拖拽、氧化、点燃和燃烧。当最小点火功率为3.2 mW时,7.0µm单活性炭的燃烧速度和阻力分别为103.7µm/s和14.0µm/s。在最小点火功率下,单个活性炭和束状活性炭的燃烧是无焰的。当功率进一步增强时,可以观察到剧烈的氧化和燃烧火焰。对于215.7µm的活性炭束,当激光功率为90 mW时,燃烧过程持续0.72 s。
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引用次数: 7
期刊
International Journal of Optomechatronics
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