Pub Date : 2016-09-09DOI: 10.1080/15599612.2016.1230914
He Wei, Zhu Lianqing, Dong Mingli, Luo Fei
ABSTRACT A 1.8-µm tunable multiwavelength thulium-doped fiber laser based on a hybrid filter is proposed. In the designed ring-cavity fiber laser, the filter consists of one Sagnac loop and one dual-pass Mach–Zehnder filter. In the experiment, the lasing threshold is 155 mW, and a continuously tunable and stable single-wavelength laser could be realized with a minimum tuning interval of 2.1 nm within a scope of 22.5 nm. When an 1858-nm laser is obtained, the peak power fluctuation is less than 0.83 dB within 20 minutes at room temperature. By adjusting the polarization controller, stable dual-wavelength lasers are simultaneously achieved, and the peak power shift is less than 1.24 dB within a scan time of 20 minutes at room temperature. By changing the polarization state, stable triple-wavelength lasing is obtained, and the power fluctuation is less than 1.95 nm. In the experiment, the 3-dB linewidth of the laser is less than 0.4 nm.
{"title":"A 1.8-µm multiwavelength thulium-doped fiber laser based on a hybrid interference filter","authors":"He Wei, Zhu Lianqing, Dong Mingli, Luo Fei","doi":"10.1080/15599612.2016.1230914","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15599612.2016.1230914","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT A 1.8-µm tunable multiwavelength thulium-doped fiber laser based on a hybrid filter is proposed. In the designed ring-cavity fiber laser, the filter consists of one Sagnac loop and one dual-pass Mach–Zehnder filter. In the experiment, the lasing threshold is 155 mW, and a continuously tunable and stable single-wavelength laser could be realized with a minimum tuning interval of 2.1 nm within a scope of 22.5 nm. When an 1858-nm laser is obtained, the peak power fluctuation is less than 0.83 dB within 20 minutes at room temperature. By adjusting the polarization controller, stable dual-wavelength lasers are simultaneously achieved, and the peak power shift is less than 1.24 dB within a scan time of 20 minutes at room temperature. By changing the polarization state, stable triple-wavelength lasing is obtained, and the power fluctuation is less than 1.95 nm. In the experiment, the 3-dB linewidth of the laser is less than 0.4 nm.","PeriodicalId":50296,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Optomechatronics","volume":"10 1","pages":"154 - 161"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2016-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/15599612.2016.1230914","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"60485199","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-08-19DOI: 10.1080/15599612.2016.1223235
HyungTae Kim, S. Kim, Jongseok Kim, KyungChan Jin, Hongseok Kim
ABSTRACT A mixed light source generates various colors with the potential to adjust the intensities of multiple LEDs, which makes it possible to generate arbitrary colors. Currently, PCs and OSs provide color selection windows that can obtain the red, green, and blue (RGB) or hue, saturation, and lightness (HSL) color coordinates of a user’s selection. Mixed light sources are usually composed of primary-colored LEDs with LEDs in auxiliary colors such as white and yellow used in a few cases. The number of LED inputs and the dimming levels are greater than the number of elements in the color coordinate when using auxiliary-colored LEDs, which causes an under-determined problem. This study proposes a method to determine the dimming levels of LEDs based on a simplex search method (SSM). Commercial LEDs have different optical power values and impure color elements, even if they are RGB. Hence, the characteristics of the LEDs were described using a linear model derived from the tri-stimulus values (an XYZ color coordinate model) and dimming levels. Color mixing models were derived for an arbitrary number of auxiliary-colored LEDs. The under-determined problem was solved using an SSM without an inverse matrix operation. The proposed method can be applied to a machine vision system and an RGBW light mixer for semiconductor inspection. The dimming levels, obtained using the proposed method showed better optical responses than those derived using other methods.
{"title":"Generating selected color using RGB, auxiliary lights, and simplex search","authors":"HyungTae Kim, S. Kim, Jongseok Kim, KyungChan Jin, Hongseok Kim","doi":"10.1080/15599612.2016.1223235","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15599612.2016.1223235","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT A mixed light source generates various colors with the potential to adjust the intensities of multiple LEDs, which makes it possible to generate arbitrary colors. Currently, PCs and OSs provide color selection windows that can obtain the red, green, and blue (RGB) or hue, saturation, and lightness (HSL) color coordinates of a user’s selection. Mixed light sources are usually composed of primary-colored LEDs with LEDs in auxiliary colors such as white and yellow used in a few cases. The number of LED inputs and the dimming levels are greater than the number of elements in the color coordinate when using auxiliary-colored LEDs, which causes an under-determined problem. This study proposes a method to determine the dimming levels of LEDs based on a simplex search method (SSM). Commercial LEDs have different optical power values and impure color elements, even if they are RGB. Hence, the characteristics of the LEDs were described using a linear model derived from the tri-stimulus values (an XYZ color coordinate model) and dimming levels. Color mixing models were derived for an arbitrary number of auxiliary-colored LEDs. The under-determined problem was solved using an SSM without an inverse matrix operation. The proposed method can be applied to a machine vision system and an RGBW light mixer for semiconductor inspection. The dimming levels, obtained using the proposed method showed better optical responses than those derived using other methods.","PeriodicalId":50296,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Optomechatronics","volume":"10 1","pages":"130 - 140"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2016-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/15599612.2016.1223235","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"60485026","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-08-19DOI: 10.1080/15599612.2016.1223236
Yunpeng Feng, Hengyu Wu, Haobo Cheng
ABSTRACT Since computer controlled optical surfacing (CCOS) processes were proposed in the 1960s, many processes were developed for precision optics successfully. In this present work, a novel approach, the precessions process, is proposed and used for large segments fabrication. The removal function of the bonnet polisher based on velocity and pressure distribution, which are obtained from the geometry of the process tool-motion and Hertzian contact theory respectively, are simulated. A finite element analysis (FEA) model is constructed to optimize process parameters. At last, detailed experimental studies are carried out to verify the optimal parameters.
{"title":"Tool removal function modeling and processing parameters optimization for bonnet polishing","authors":"Yunpeng Feng, Hengyu Wu, Haobo Cheng","doi":"10.1080/15599612.2016.1223236","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15599612.2016.1223236","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Since computer controlled optical surfacing (CCOS) processes were proposed in the 1960s, many processes were developed for precision optics successfully. In this present work, a novel approach, the precessions process, is proposed and used for large segments fabrication. The removal function of the bonnet polisher based on velocity and pressure distribution, which are obtained from the geometry of the process tool-motion and Hertzian contact theory respectively, are simulated. A finite element analysis (FEA) model is constructed to optimize process parameters. At last, detailed experimental studies are carried out to verify the optimal parameters.","PeriodicalId":50296,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Optomechatronics","volume":"10 1","pages":"141 - 153"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2016-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/15599612.2016.1223236","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"60485191","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-08-02DOI: 10.1080/15599612.2016.1217108
Sheng Hu, Jiangtao Lv, G. Si
ABSTRACT A numerical model and simulation relative to an optoelectrofluidic chip has been presented in this article. Both dielectrophoretic and electroosmotic force attracting the nano-sized particles could be studied by the diffusion, convection, and migration equations. For the nano-sized particles, the protein with radius 3.6 nm is considered as the objective particle. The electroosmosis dependent upon applied frequency is calculated, which range 102 Hz from 108 Hz, and provides the much stronger force to enrich proteins than dielectrophoresis (DEP). Meanwhile, the induced light pattern size significantly affecting the concentration distribution is simulated. In this end, the concentration curve has verified that the optoelectrofluidic chip can be capable of manipulating and assembling the suspended submicron particles.
{"title":"Theoretical investigation on nanoparticle concentrations in optoelectrofluidic chip based on diffusion, convection, and migration","authors":"Sheng Hu, Jiangtao Lv, G. Si","doi":"10.1080/15599612.2016.1217108","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15599612.2016.1217108","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT A numerical model and simulation relative to an optoelectrofluidic chip has been presented in this article. Both dielectrophoretic and electroosmotic force attracting the nano-sized particles could be studied by the diffusion, convection, and migration equations. For the nano-sized particles, the protein with radius 3.6 nm is considered as the objective particle. The electroosmosis dependent upon applied frequency is calculated, which range 102 Hz from 108 Hz, and provides the much stronger force to enrich proteins than dielectrophoresis (DEP). Meanwhile, the induced light pattern size significantly affecting the concentration distribution is simulated. In this end, the concentration curve has verified that the optoelectrofluidic chip can be capable of manipulating and assembling the suspended submicron particles.","PeriodicalId":50296,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Optomechatronics","volume":"10 1","pages":"110 - 119"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2016-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/15599612.2016.1217108","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"60484356","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-08-02DOI: 10.1080/15599612.2016.1217107
S. Zimmermann, Alexander van Duellen, M. Wieghaus, S. A. Garnica Barragán, S. Fatikow
ABSTRACT Resist based lithographical techniques are widely applied for graphene processing. These resists can leave residues leading to parasitic effects that deteriorate the desired properties of graphene. This paper presents an experimental setup tailored for resist-free robotic processing of graphene with in-situ vision based control. A robust graphene detection and classification approach is presented applying multiple image processing operations of the visual feedback provided by a high-resolution light microscope. Detected graphene flakes can be modified using scanning probe based lithographical processes, such as mechanical and bias-assisted approaches, that are directly linked to the in-situ optical images. The results of this process are discussed with respect to further application scenarios.
{"title":"Resist-free processing of graphene merging optical imaging and classification with scanning probe lithography","authors":"S. Zimmermann, Alexander van Duellen, M. Wieghaus, S. A. Garnica Barragán, S. Fatikow","doi":"10.1080/15599612.2016.1217107","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15599612.2016.1217107","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Resist based lithographical techniques are widely applied for graphene processing. These resists can leave residues leading to parasitic effects that deteriorate the desired properties of graphene. This paper presents an experimental setup tailored for resist-free robotic processing of graphene with in-situ vision based control. A robust graphene detection and classification approach is presented applying multiple image processing operations of the visual feedback provided by a high-resolution light microscope. Detected graphene flakes can be modified using scanning probe based lithographical processes, such as mechanical and bias-assisted approaches, that are directly linked to the in-situ optical images. The results of this process are discussed with respect to further application scenarios.","PeriodicalId":50296,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Optomechatronics","volume":"10 1","pages":"109 - 97"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2016-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/15599612.2016.1217107","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"60484313","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-04-02DOI: 10.1080/15599612.2016.1166305
C. Dahmen, K. Belharet, D. Folio, Antoine Ferreira, S. Fatikow
ABSTRACT The propulsion of ferromagnetic objects by means of MRI gradients is a promising approach to enable new forms of therapy. In this work, necessary techniques are presented to make this approach work. This includes path planning algorithms working on MRI data, ferromagnetic artifact imaging and a tracking algorithm which delivers position feedback for the ferromagnetic objects, and a propulsion sequence to enable interleaved magnetic propulsion and imaging. Using a dedicated software environment, integrating path-planning methods and real-time tracking, a clinical MRI system is adapted to provide this new functionality for controlled interventional targeted therapeutic applications. Through MRI–based sensing analysis, this article aims to propose a framework to plan a robust pathway to enhance the navigation ability to reach deep locations in the human body. The proposed approaches are validated with different experiments.
{"title":"MRI-based dynamic tracking of an untethered ferromagnetic microcapsule navigating in liquid","authors":"C. Dahmen, K. Belharet, D. Folio, Antoine Ferreira, S. Fatikow","doi":"10.1080/15599612.2016.1166305","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15599612.2016.1166305","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The propulsion of ferromagnetic objects by means of MRI gradients is a promising approach to enable new forms of therapy. In this work, necessary techniques are presented to make this approach work. This includes path planning algorithms working on MRI data, ferromagnetic artifact imaging and a tracking algorithm which delivers position feedback for the ferromagnetic objects, and a propulsion sequence to enable interleaved magnetic propulsion and imaging. Using a dedicated software environment, integrating path-planning methods and real-time tracking, a clinical MRI system is adapted to provide this new functionality for controlled interventional targeted therapeutic applications. Through MRI–based sensing analysis, this article aims to propose a framework to plan a robust pathway to enhance the navigation ability to reach deep locations in the human body. The proposed approaches are validated with different experiments.","PeriodicalId":50296,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Optomechatronics","volume":"10 1","pages":"73 - 96"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2016-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/15599612.2016.1166305","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"60484565","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-03-17DOI: 10.1080/15599612.2016.1166304
Ming Chang, B. Chen, J. Gabayno, Ming-Fu Chen
ABSTRACT An optical inspection platform combining parallel image processing with high resolution opto-mechanical module was developed for defect inspection of touch panel glass. Dark field images were acquired using a 12288-pixel line CCD camera with 3.5 µm per pixel resolution and 12 kHz line rate. Key features of the glass surface were analyzed by parallel image processing on combined CPU and GPU platforms. Defect inspection of touch panel glass, which provided 386 megapixel image data per sample, was completed in roughly 5 seconds. High detection rate of surface scratches on the touch panel glass was realized with minimum defects size of about 10 µm after inspection. The implementation of a custom illumination source significantly improved the scattering efficiency on the surface, therefore enhancing the contrast in the acquired images and overall performance of the inspection system.
{"title":"Development of an optical inspection platform for surface defect detection in touch panel glass","authors":"Ming Chang, B. Chen, J. Gabayno, Ming-Fu Chen","doi":"10.1080/15599612.2016.1166304","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15599612.2016.1166304","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT An optical inspection platform combining parallel image processing with high resolution opto-mechanical module was developed for defect inspection of touch panel glass. Dark field images were acquired using a 12288-pixel line CCD camera with 3.5 µm per pixel resolution and 12 kHz line rate. Key features of the glass surface were analyzed by parallel image processing on combined CPU and GPU platforms. Defect inspection of touch panel glass, which provided 386 megapixel image data per sample, was completed in roughly 5 seconds. High detection rate of surface scratches on the touch panel glass was realized with minimum defects size of about 10 µm after inspection. The implementation of a custom illumination source significantly improved the scattering efficiency on the surface, therefore enhancing the contrast in the acquired images and overall performance of the inspection system.","PeriodicalId":50296,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Optomechatronics","volume":"10 1","pages":"63 - 72"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2016-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/15599612.2016.1166304","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"60484399","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-01-02DOI: 10.1080/15599612.2015.1124476
G. Lin, Y. Chembo
ABSTRACT Optical whispering gallery mode resonators are important platforms to enhance and study various nonlinear frequency conversion processes. Stimulated Brillouin scattering is one of the strongest nonlinear effects, and can be successfully investigated using these platforms. In this article, we study the phenomenon of stimulated Brillouin scattering using a crystalline disk resonator. A fast scanning ringdown spectroscopy technique is used to characterize the optical modes featuring quality factors of the order of one billion at telecom wavelengths. The mW scale threshold power in a centimeter disk resonator is observed and found to be strongly dependent on the gap between the resonator and the prism coupler.
{"title":"Opto-acoustic phenomena in whispering gallery mode resonators","authors":"G. Lin, Y. Chembo","doi":"10.1080/15599612.2015.1124476","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15599612.2015.1124476","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Optical whispering gallery mode resonators are important platforms to enhance and study various nonlinear frequency conversion processes. Stimulated Brillouin scattering is one of the strongest nonlinear effects, and can be successfully investigated using these platforms. In this article, we study the phenomenon of stimulated Brillouin scattering using a crystalline disk resonator. A fast scanning ringdown spectroscopy technique is used to characterize the optical modes featuring quality factors of the order of one billion at telecom wavelengths. The mW scale threshold power in a centimeter disk resonator is observed and found to be strongly dependent on the gap between the resonator and the prism coupler.","PeriodicalId":50296,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Optomechatronics","volume":"10 1","pages":"32 - 39"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2016-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/15599612.2015.1124476","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"60484067","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-01-02DOI: 10.1080/15599612.2016.1149896
F. Ndoye, M. S. Yousafzai, G. Coceano, S. Bonin, G. Scoles, O. Ka, J. Niemela, D. Cojoc
ABSTRACT We studied the lateral forces arising during the vertical indentation of the cell membrane by an optically trapped microbead, using back focal plane interferometry to determine force components in all directions. We analyzed the cell-microbead interaction and showed that indeed the force had also lateral components. Using the Hertz model, we calculated and compared the elastic moduli resulting from the total and vertical forces, showing that the differences are important and the total force should be considered. To confirm our results we analyzed cells from two breast cancer cell lines: MDA-MB-231 and HBL-100, known to have different cancer aggressiveness and hence stiffness.
{"title":"The influence of lateral forces on the cell stiffness measurement by optical tweezers vertical indentation","authors":"F. Ndoye, M. S. Yousafzai, G. Coceano, S. Bonin, G. Scoles, O. Ka, J. Niemela, D. Cojoc","doi":"10.1080/15599612.2016.1149896","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15599612.2016.1149896","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT We studied the lateral forces arising during the vertical indentation of the cell membrane by an optically trapped microbead, using back focal plane interferometry to determine force components in all directions. We analyzed the cell-microbead interaction and showed that indeed the force had also lateral components. Using the Hertz model, we calculated and compared the elastic moduli resulting from the total and vertical forces, showing that the differences are important and the total force should be considered. To confirm our results we analyzed cells from two breast cancer cell lines: MDA-MB-231 and HBL-100, known to have different cancer aggressiveness and hence stiffness.","PeriodicalId":50296,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Optomechatronics","volume":"10 1","pages":"53 - 62"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2016-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/15599612.2016.1149896","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"60484693","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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