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Constitutional regulation of the legislative competence of provincial councils in Iraq 伊拉克省议会立法权限的宪法规定
Pub Date : 2024-03-29 DOI: 10.47577/eximia.v13i1.458
Samer Hameed Safar
This study aims to highlight the constitutional legitimacy of local laws issued by the governorate councils under Law No. 21 of 2008, which are not related to a specific region. These entities began to issue local laws after the recent amendments under the 2005 Constitution, based on the principle of separation of powers and using the analytical approach. Through analyzing the legal texts of the Iraqi Constitution and the laws of the governorates, the study concluded that these legislations issued by these councils are unconstitutional. The study provides recommendations aimed at correcting the course of legislators and addressing the defects that may affect democracy regarding the work of those councils and their response to the legislative process. The Iraqi Parliament should handle the legislation since the purpose of these councils is to satisfy the local needs of the governorates that are not organized into regions, as stipulated by the Iraqi Constitution for the year 2005, especially after the transformation of the Iraqi state into a democratic system. The study concluded that the local councils need to amend their law to keep up with the political developments that Iraq and the world are witnessing, in particular.
本研究旨在强调省议会根据 2008 年第 21 号法律颁布的与特定地区无关的地方法律的宪法合 法性。这些实体在最近根据 2005 年《宪法》进行修订后,根据分权原则并采用分析方法,开始颁布地方法律。通过分析《伊拉克宪法》和各省法律的法律文本,本研究得出结论,这些委员会颁布的这些法律是违宪的。本研究提出了一些建议,旨在纠正立法者的做法,解决可能影响民主的缺陷,涉及这些委员会的工作及其对立法程序的回应。伊拉克议会应处理立法事宜,因为这些理事会的目的是满足未按照 2005 年《伊拉克宪法》规定划分为地区的各省的地方需求,特别是在伊拉克国家转变为民主制度之后。研究得出的结论是,地方议会需要修订法律,以跟上伊拉克和世界的政治发展,特别是: 1.
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引用次数: 0
The golden triangle role of human resources in building of organizational Ambidexterity 人力资源在组织灵活性建设中的金三角作用
Pub Date : 2024-03-28 DOI: 10.47577/eximia.v13i1.457
M. AdelKased., Al-Assadi, H. Mhaibes, Ansam Ghazi Abbood
The main objective of this research is to determine the role of the Golden Triangle of Human Resources in building organizational ingenuity (as applied to the Ministry of Planning). The research also seeks to achieve a set of objectives, namely to determine and measure whether there are significant differences of statistical significance between the views of the sample vocabulary on the dimensions of the Golden Triangle of Human Resources and organizational ingenuity. A model of the study has been proposed that illustrates the dimensions of the human resources triangle and organizational ingenuity, as has the design of the search tool. The study was based on an analytical-descriptive approach and a comprehensive individual survey of the research sample. The tests to measure the authenticity and consistency of the research tool (resolution) were conducted and directed to a sample of managers working in the Ministry of Planning (Sector Service, Directorate of Regional and Local Development, and Investment Service). The sample was uniquely sized, with the total number of valid lists for statistical analysis (105) being 88% of the total sample size. The results of the statistical analysis indicated a positive statistically significant impact of the triangle dimensions of human resources in building organizational mastery in the ministry in question.
本研究的主要目的是确定 "人力资源金三角 "在建立组织独创性方面的作用(适用于计划部)。本研究还试图实现一系列目标,即确定和衡量样本词汇对人力资源金三角维度和组织独创性的看法是否存在统计意义上的显著差异。提出了一个研究模型,说明了人力资源金三角和组织独创性的维度,并设计了搜索工具。本研究采用分析描述法,并对研究样本进行了全面的个人调查。对研究工具(决议)的真实性和一致性进行了测试,测试对象是在规划部(部门服务处、地区和地方发展局以及投资服务处)工作的管理人员。样本的规模是唯一的,用于统计分析的有效名单总数(105 份)占样本总数的 88%。统计分析结果表明,人力资源的三角维度对相关部委建立组织掌控能力具有积极的统计意义上的影响。
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引用次数: 0
Role of Strategic Planning in Quality Enhancement of Higher Education Institutions: Case Study of Bamyan University 战略规划在提高高等教育机构质量中的作用:巴米扬大学案例研究
Pub Date : 2024-03-25 DOI: 10.47577/eximia.v13i1.455
Mohammad Reza Ibrahim, Abdul Aziz Mohibbi
Afghanistan is a conflict-impacted country with a higher education sector that is undergoing rapid growth in the last two decades. The Ministry of Higher Education established the Quality Assurance & Accreditation Commission in 2009; and established the Quality Assurance & Accreditation Directorate (QAAD) in 2011. This body is to administer and oversee the accreditation process in all public and private HEIs of Afghanistan with a strategic outlook. By providing a comprehensive QA Framework and aiming to meet international standards; QAAD is functioning for Internal and External Quality Assurance of HEIs. This Framework emphasizes the development of a Strategic Plan for Higher Education Institutions in its first main criteria. Since QAAD and its relevant processes of Quality Assurance are newly implemented phenomena for the Higher Education Institutions; the processes of Developing Strategic Plans seem to be ineffective, challenging, and not used as a fundamental tool for quality enhancement. Furthermore, there are considerable challenges facing the implementation level of developed plans. Considering the important role of strategic planning in quality assurance; this study aims to evaluate the effectiveness and impacts of strategic planning on the processes of quality enhancement of Bamyan University as one of the National Higher Education Institutions. Nine major aspects of quality issues focusing on three main levels of strategic planning at the institution, Faculty, and Department are among the core subjects of this study. This study is carried out from the implementers’ point of view and includes the responses of all academic and non-academic members of Departments, Faculties, and Leadership of Bamyan University. Furthermore, this provides lessons learned and recommendations for institutions, policy makers, and other Higher Education Institutions. This study is conducted from February to August 2021 in Bamyan University of Afghanistan. A questionnaire was adopted and developed as the instrument of this study and nine major aspects of the qualification issues were included in the instrument. SPSS tool was employed to descriptively analyze the findings of the study. This study has shown that the exercise and experiences of strategic planning have not meaningfully and satisfactorily contributed to the enhancement of the quality of education of this University. The mean value of all aspects is somehow below average or average level. From the respondents’ point of view; the impact of strategic planning on quality assurance activities is greater than other aspects and this impact is lower in the sustainability of financial resources.  
阿富汗是一个受冲突影响的国家,其高等教育部门在过去二十年中发展迅速。高等教育部于 2009 年成立了质量保证与认证委员会,并于 2011 年成立了质量保证与认证局(QAAD)。该机构以战略眼光管理和监督阿富汗所有公立和私立高等院校的评审过程。通过提供一个全面的质量保证框架,并以达到国际标准为目标,QAAD 正在对高等院校进行内部和外部质量保证。该框架的第一个主要标准是强调制定高等院校战略计划。由于 QAAD 及其相关的质量保证过程是高等教育机构新实施的现象;制定战略计划的过程似乎效果不佳,具有挑战性,而且没有被用作提高质量的基本工具。此外,已制定计划的实施层面也面临着相当大的挑战。考虑到战略规划在质量保证中的重要作用,本研究旨在评估战略规划对作为国家高等教育机构之一的巴米扬大学质量提升过程的有效性和影响。本研究的核心主题包括质量问题的九个主要方面,重点关注机构、学院和系的三个主要层面的战略规划。本研究从实施者的角度进行,包括巴米扬大学各系、院和领导层的所有学术和非学术成员的答复。此外,本研究还为各机构、政策制定者和其他高等教育机构提供了经验教训和建议。本研究于 2021 年 2 月至 8 月在阿富汗巴米扬大学进行。本研究采用并编制了一份调查问卷,其中包括九个主要方面的资格问题。采用 SPSS 工具对研究结果进行了描述性分析。研究结果表明,战略规划的实施和经验并没有为提高这所大学的教育质量做出有意义和令人满意的贡献。各方面的平均值均低于平均或平均水平。从受访者的角度来看,战略规划对质量保证活动的影响大于其他方面,而这种影响在财政资源的可持续性方面较低。
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引用次数: 0
Pamana uso pa ba?: Acculturation and the peril of Assimilation to the Surat Mangyan and Ambahan of the Hanunuo-Mangyan of Sitio Calibang, Tanawan and Sinugbuan, Brgy, Panaytayan, Mansalay Oriental Mindoro Pamana uso pa ba?东棉兰老岛 Mansalay 的 Sitio Calibang、Tanawan 和 Brgy、Panaytayan 的 Sinugbuan 的 Surat Mangyan 和 Hanunuo-Mangyan 的 Ambahan 的文化适应和同化危险
Pub Date : 2024-03-22 DOI: 10.47577/eximia.v13i1.453
Eugene Victoriano De Guzman
It is a grand narrative that culture yields identity, but what if the acculturation of a particular indigenous group fails to be balanced? Would it be at the edge of cultural assimilation? This account ends to determine the status quo of the Surat Mangyan and Ambahan of the Hanunuo-Mangyan of Sito Calibang, Tanawan, and Sinugbuan, Brgy. Panaytayan, Masalay Oriental Mindoro. Through an Anthropological inquiry, this paper determined the relevance of Surat Mangyan and Ambahan in conducting their rites and in day-to-day parlance among their small-scale community. It even went further to gauge the knowledge of Hanunuo-Mangyan [of the mentioned Sitios] regarding the nature and significance of Surat Mangyan in their cultural identity. As a kind of Anthropological qualitative research, this paper also discussed some characteristics of culture appropriate to explicate the existing condition of Surat Mangyan and Ambahan. Thus, the nature of this piece is both narrative and expository.  By analyzing and interpreting, this paper concluded that while the Hanunuo-Mangyan [of the said Sitios] manage to entertain the culture of Tagalog/English language within their culture viz. language (acculturation), there is a possible threat of assimilation of Ambahan and Surat Mangyan since most of the interviewed Hanunuo-Mangyan asserted that Ambahan and Surat Mangy them have inadequate knowledge of on how to conduct such cultural practices among themselves. Yet, they are fully aware of the significance of Ambahan and Surat Mangyan as cultural treasures.
文化产生身份认同是一种宏大叙事,但如果某个土著群体的文化适应未能达到平衡呢?会不会处于文化同化的边缘?本报告旨在确定东棉兰老岛马萨莱省帕奈塔扬县 Sito Calibang、Tanawan 和 Sinugbuan 的苏拉特曼延人和哈努诺曼延人的 Ambahan 的现状。通过人类学调查,本文确定了苏拉特曼扬语和安巴汉语在其小型社区举行仪式和日常用语中的相关性。本文还进一步了解了[上述地区]的哈努诺-曼延人对苏拉特曼延语在其文化认同中的性质和意义的认识。作为一种人类学定性研究,本文还讨论了一些适合解释苏拉特曼岩族和安巴汉族现有状况的文化特征。因此,本文的性质既是叙事性的,也是说明性的。 通过分析和解释,本文得出结论认为,虽然[上述地点的]哈努诺-曼吉亚族设法在其文化(即语言)中融入他加禄语/英语文化(文化同化),但安巴汉族和苏拉特曼吉亚族可能面临被同化的威胁,因为大多数受访的哈努诺-曼吉亚族断言,安巴汉族和苏拉特曼吉亚族对如何在他们之间开展此类文化习俗缺乏足够的了解。然而,他们充分认识到安巴汉族和苏拉特曼延族作为文化瑰宝的重要意义。
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引用次数: 0
The role of strategic Renewal in organizational immunity - analytical research in the Iraqi Ministry of Education 战略更新在组织免疫力中的作用--伊拉克教育部的分析研究
Pub Date : 2024-03-16 DOI: 10.47577/eximia.v13i1.452
Hossam Mohammed Abdullah Ameen, Ali Mhaibes
The current study aims to demonstrate the role of strategic renewal  in enhancing organizational immunity through strategic renewal  mechanisms represented by (Reanimating, Rejuvenation, Venturing, and restructuring). The main idea of this study relates to the extent to which organizations’ immunity is achieved through strategic Renewal  mechanisms, by measuring these dimensions with Organizational immunity represented by organizational learning, organizational memory, and organizational DNA. The study population was the headquarters of the Iraqi Ministry of Education, and the sample included (330) individuals from the upper, middle, and lower leadership levels. Several statistical methods were used to deal with the results of the questionnaire, especially the simple correlation coefficient (Pearson) and descriptive analysis methods using (SPSS.v23, AMOS.v25). The most important conclusion of the study was the presence of a clear and significant impact of strategic Renewal  in building and designing the immune system of organizations.
本研究旨在通过以(重生、年轻化、冒险和重组)为代表的战略更新机制,证明战略更新在增强组织免疫力方面的作用。本研究的主要观点涉及组织免疫力在多大程度上是通过战略更新机制实现的,具体方法是通过以组织学习、组织记忆和组织 DNA 为代表的组织免疫力来衡量这些维度。研究对象是伊拉克教育部总部,样本包括来自高层、中层和低层领导的 330 名个人。在处理问卷结果时使用了几种统计方法,特别是简单相关系数(Pearson)和使用(SPSS.v23、AMOS.v25)的描述性分析方法。研究得出的最重要结论是,"战略更新 "对建立和设计组织的免疫系统具有明确而重要的影响。
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引用次数: 0
The benefits of Oukup to improve women sexual function after birth Oukup 对改善产后妇女性功能的益处
Pub Date : 2024-03-05 DOI: 10.47577/eximia.v13i1.448
Titi Nurhayati, Uyu Wahyudin, Iip Saripah, Joni Rahmat Pramudia
Oukup is a traditional spa that has been existing and developing for thousands of years on Batak Land including in Karo. The Karo tribe in North Sumatra practice oukup for tradional treatment for women health after child birth. Good body care will restore women health and its beauty as before the pregnancy and overcome sexual dysfunction. The purpose of this study was to determine the benefits of Oukup for women after giving birth. This research employed descriptive exploratory ethnomedicine research design with mixed methods. The subjects of this research were women who have given birth. In collecting the data this research used google form to see the characteristics of informants’ understanding of oukup and the benefits obtained of oukup, FSFI scores, interviews, and focus groups discussion to explore how to use adequate and perceived benefits while the analysis was processed through content analysis. The results of the study reveals that all respondents are of reproductive age. Some of the respondents had a score of 20-26.5 (50%) and those >26.5 were 26.5%, respondents experienced sexual dysfunction are 83.3%. The domains that had the highest scores were lubrication and satisfaction are 3.61 and pain in sexual intercourse. The use of oukup is felt for relaxation, treatment of insomnia, anemia and indirectly increases sexual arousal as after bathing, the body feels fresh, smells good and all impurities come out.hot aromatherapy steam can loosen blocked breathing. Thus, oukup is important tradional culture for improving women health, disease prevention.
Oukup 是一种传统水疗法,在巴塔克(Batak)地区(包括卡洛地区)已经存在和发展了数千年。北苏门答腊的卡洛部落使用 Oukup 传统疗法治疗产后妇女的健康。良好的身体护理可以恢复妇女的健康和怀孕前的美丽,并克服性功能障碍。本研究的目的是确定 Oukup 对产后妇女的益处。本研究采用了混合方法的描述性探索民族医学研究设计。研究对象是产后妇女。在收集数据的过程中,本研究使用了谷歌表格来了解信息提供者对oukup的理解特点以及从oukup中获得的益处,通过FSFI评分、访谈和焦点小组讨论来探讨如何充分使用oukup以及感知到的益处,同时通过内容分析法进行分析。研究结果显示,所有受访者都处于育龄期。部分受访者的得分在 20-26.5 之间(50%),大于 26.5 的受访者占 26.5%,经历过性功能障碍的受访者占 83.3%。得分最高的领域是润滑和满意度(3.61 分)以及性交疼痛。使用 oukup 有放松、治疗失眠、贫血的作用,还能间接提高性兴奋,因为沐浴后,身体会感觉清爽,气味芳香,所有杂质都会排出。因此,Oukup 是改善妇女健康、预防疾病的重要传统文化。
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引用次数: 0
The Impact of organizational improvisation on Entrepreneurial Performance: An Analytical Research at the Ministry of Education in Iraq 组织即兴创作对创业绩效的影响:伊拉克教育部的分析研究
Pub Date : 2024-03-05 DOI: 10.47577/eximia.v13i1.447
Yaseen Ekrayyem, Hammadi ALFalloji, Salah Abd, Al-Qadeer Ahmed, Al Nuiami
The current research aims to study the effect of organizational improvisation on the entrepreneurial performance of a sample of employees in the Iraqi Ministry of Education. A purposive random sample of 175 individuals was selected based on a data collection questionnaire. Organizational improvisation includes five dimensions (intuition, innovation, adaptation, opportunity, and risk perception). Entrepreneurial performance addresses four dimensions (proactive planning, entrepreneurial indicator, innovation and creativity, efficiency and effectiveness). The research highlights organizational improvisation in educational administrations to ensure the success of entrepreneurial performance in Iraqi educational institutions. The research problem revolves around the extent of the impact of organizational improvisation in enhancing entrepreneurial performance practices in the Iraqi Ministry of Education. The results indicate the need for the Iraqi Ministry of Education to adopt a strategic direction through organizational improvisation of its directorates, which leads to developing the educational landscape and understanding the importance of appropriate direction to achieve institutional leadership performance.
本研究旨在研究组织即兴创作对伊拉克教育部员工创业绩效的影响。根据数据收集问卷,有目的的随机抽样选出了 175 人。组织即兴包括五个维度(直觉、创新、适应、机会和风险认知)。创业绩效涉及四个维度(主动规划、创业指标、创新和创造力、效率和效益)。研究强调了教育行政部门的组织即兴创作,以确保伊拉克教育机构的创业绩效取得成功。研究问题围绕组织即兴发挥对提高伊拉克教育部创业绩效做法的影响程度。研究结果表明,伊拉克教育部有必要通过对其各局进行组织即兴创作来确定战略方向,从而发展教育格局,并了解适当的方向对于实现机构领导绩效的重要性。
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引用次数: 0
New General Theory of Magnitudes 新磁性通论
Pub Date : 2024-03-04 DOI: 10.47577/eximia.v13i1.449
Daniel Weinstock
This paper shows a new way to get the distance between any 2 stars shown on a photograph of the night sky of the stars anywhere at all . Each star is shown as Inverse Apparent Magnitudes.
本文展示了一种新方法,可以获得任意两颗恒星之间的距离,这些恒星可以显示在任何地方的夜空照片上。每颗恒星都显示为反比视星等。
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引用次数: 0
Comparison of some kinematic variables of the triple jump between the two world championships (IAAF) (2017) and (2018) 两届世界锦标赛(国际田联)(2017 年)和(2018 年)三级跳远部分运动学变量的比较
Pub Date : 2024-03-02 DOI: 10.47577/eximia.v13i1.446
Yasir Ahmed Sabea Atiya, Najah Hussein, Hasnaa Staar Jabbar, Firas Mutasher Abdulreda, Ahmed Thamir Mohsin, Huda Hameed Abdulhuseen, Laith Fares, Hisham Jameel, Hamdan Abbas
The study aimed to compare some of the kinematic variables and achievement between the competitions (2017) and (2018) in triple jump to find the percentages of the teams, which may indicate the reasons for the different level of the two championships. Statistical difference, although we may not find these differences in all variables, especially achievement, but at such global levels the differences of the few numerical parts make a difference in global achievements, numbers and medals. The researcher adopted the descriptive approach using the method of comparisons to extract the results of the study, and the research community consisted of (27) jumpers (12) competitors in the (2017) championship and (15) competitors in the (2018) championship, and the statistical bag (SPSS) was used to extract: (Mean ), (Std.Divition), (Independent-Sample.T.Test). This study found that the Hop angle and Length of speed Jump is the most influential interval in the best achievement. The researcher recommends following up on such international reports and comparisons because they may give solutions and orientation in training for the most influential factors at different levels of achievement.
这项研究旨在比较(2017 年)和(2018 年)两届比赛中三级跳远的一些运动学变量和成绩,以找到各队的百分比,这可能表明两届锦标赛水平不同的原因。统计差异,虽然我们可能不会在所有变量,尤其是成绩中发现这些差异,但在这样的全球水平上,几个数字部分的差异会造成全球成绩、人数和奖牌的差异。研究者采用了描述性方法,使用比较的方法来提取研究结果,研究群体包括(2017 年)冠军赛的(27 名)跳马选手(12 名)和(2018 年)冠军赛的(15 名)选手,使用统计包(SPSS)提取:(平均值 )、(标准差)、(独立样本.T.检验)。本研究发现,跳跃角度和速度跳跃长度是对最佳成绩影响最大的区间。研究人员建议跟踪这类国际报告和比较,因为它们可能会为不同成绩水平的最有影响因素的训练提供解决方案和方向。
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引用次数: 0
The Effect of Neal's model on the Deep Understanding Of The Students Of The Third Intermediate Grade in Chemistry 尼尔模型对中三年级学生深入理解化学的影响
Pub Date : 2024-03-01 DOI: 10.47577/eximia.v13i1.444
Ahmed Laibi, Hussein Al-Tamimi, Israa Naji Kadom
The research aimed to find out the impact of Neel's model on the deep understanding of the third intermediate grade students in chemistry, and n Experimental design with partial control (comprised of an experimental group and a control group) was chosen. Thirty-three (33) of them were pupils from the same grade at Al-Riyadh High School for Baghdad Al-Karkh General Directorate of Education / 3 for the collegiate year (2022-2023 AD) The study sample  was rewarded with the following: (intelligence, chronological age in months, previous knowledge, and deep understanding), and the researcher relied on the deep understanding test tool, and its validity and stability we discovered, and the scientific material was chosen and prepared in the form of plans (for both groups) for The research sample was used, and it was statistically analyzed using the software program Statistics. The data were then interpreted by the researcher, who then presented many directives and some ideas.
本研究旨在了解尼尔模型对中三年级学生深入理解化学知识的影响,并选择了部分对照的实验设计(由一个实验组和一个对照组组成)。其中 33 人是巴格达 Al-Karkh 教育总局 Al-Riyadh 高中 / 3 年级(公元 2022-2023 年)的同年级学生:(智力、按月计算的年龄、以往知识和深刻理解),研究人员使用了深刻理解测试工具,发现了其有效性和稳定性,并以计划(两组)的形式选择和准备了科学材料,用于研究样本,并使用统计软件程序对其进行统计分析。随后,研究人员对数据进行了解释,并提出了许多指示和一些想法。
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引用次数: 0
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