International Journal of Methods in Psychiatric Research最新文献

{"title":"Statistical methods to adjust for the effects on intervention compliance in randomized clinical trials where precision treatment rules are being developed","authors":"Nur Hani Zainal,&nbsp;Corina Benjet,&nbsp;Yesica Albor,&nbsp;Mauricio Nuñez-Delgado,&nbsp;Renato Zambrano-Cruz,&nbsp;Carlos C. Contreras-Ibáñez,&nbsp;Lorena Cudris-Torres,&nbsp;Francisco R. de la Peña,&nbsp;Noé González,&nbsp;José Benjamín Guerrero-López,&nbsp;Raúl A. Gutierrez-Garcia,&nbsp;Ana Lucía Jiménez-Peréz,&nbsp;Maria Elena Medina-Mora,&nbsp;Pamela Patiño,&nbsp;Pim Cuijpers,&nbsp;Sarah M. Gildea,&nbsp;Alan E. Kazdin,&nbsp;Chris J. Kennedy,&nbsp;Alex Luedtke,&nbsp;Nancy A. Sampson,&nbsp;Maria V. Petukhova,&nbsp;Jose R. Zubizarreta,&nbsp;Ronald C. Kessler","doi":"10.1002/mpr.70005","DOIUrl":"10.1002/mpr.70005","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Heterogeneity of treatment effects (HTEs) can occur because of either differential treatment compliance or differential treatment effectiveness. This distinction is important, as it has action implications, but it is unclear how to distinguish these two possibilities statistically in precision treatment analysis given that compliance is not observed until after randomization. We review available statistical methods and illustrate a recommended method in secondary analysis in a trial focused on HTE.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The trial randomized <i>n</i> = 880 anxious and/or depressed university students to guided internet-delivered cognitive behavioral therapy (i-CBT) or treatment-as-usual (TAU) and evaluated joint remission. Previously reported analyses documented superiority of i-CBT but significant HTE. In the reanalysis reported here, we used baseline (i.e., pre-randomization) covariates to predict compliance among participants randomized to guided i-CBT, generated a cross-validated within-person expected compliance score based on this model in <i>both</i> intervention groups, and then used this expected composite score as a predictor in an expanded HTE analysis.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The significant intervention effect was limited to participants with high expected compliance. Residual HTE was nonsignificant.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Future psychotherapy HTE trials should routinely develop and include expected compliance composite scores to distinguish the effects of differential treatment compliance from the effects of differential treatment effectiveness.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":50310,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Methods in Psychiatric Research","volume":"34 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11711205/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142958166","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"From statistics to deep learning: Using large language models in psychiatric research","authors":"Yining Hua,&nbsp;Andrew Beam,&nbsp;Lori B. Chibnik,&nbsp;John Torous","doi":"10.1002/mpr.70007","DOIUrl":"10.1002/mpr.70007","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Large Language Models (LLMs) hold promise in enhancing psychiatric research efficiency. However, concerns related to bias, computational demands, data privacy, and the reliability of LLM-generated content pose challenges.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Gap</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Existing studies primarily focus on the clinical applications of LLMs, with limited exploration of their potentials in broader psychiatric research.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study adopts a narrative review format to assess the utility of LLMs in psychiatric research, beyond clinical settings, focusing on their effectiveness in literature review, study design, subject selection, statistical modeling, and academic writing.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Implication</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study provides a clearer understanding of how LLMs can be effectively integrated in the psychiatric research process, offering guidance on mitigating the associated risks and maximizing their potential benefits. While LLMs hold promise for advancing psychiatric research, careful oversight, rigorous validation, and adherence to ethical standards are crucial to mitigating risks such as bias, data privacy concerns, and reliability issues, thereby ensuring their effective and responsible use in improving psychiatric research.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":50310,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Methods in Psychiatric Research","volume":"34 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11707704/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142958165","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Multinational Comparison Study of the Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System Anxiety, Depression, and Anger Item Bank in the General Population","authors":"Jiseon Lee,&nbsp;Yeonjung Lim,&nbsp;Dong Gi Seo,&nbsp;Minji K. Lee,&nbsp;Benjamin D. Schalet,&nbsp;Felix Fischer,&nbsp;Matthias Rose,&nbsp;Danbee Kang,&nbsp;Juhee Cho","doi":"10.1002/mpr.70012","DOIUrl":"10.1002/mpr.70012","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study aimed to compared Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) anxiety, depression, and anger item bank among Korean, US and Dutch general population.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Between December 2021 and January 2022, we surveyed representative Korean participants (<i>N</i> = 2699). Then we compared the mean <i>T</i>-scores of PROMIS anxiety, depression, and anger full items bank among Korean, US (<i>N</i> = 1696) and the Dutch (<i>N</i> = 1002) populations. Differential item-functioning (DIF) analyses were also performed. We also compared each score by age group, sex, presence of comorbidities, and general health status.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In Korean, the mean <i>T</i>-scores for anxiety, depression, and anger were 45.3 (standard deviation [SD] = 11.6), 48.4 (SD = 11.2), and 44.9 (SD = 12.6), respectively. Among the general population in Korea, patients aged 35–44 years and those with comorbidities had higher anxiety, depression, and anger scores. In the DIF analyses between the US and Korean populations, 28%, 32%, and 45% were flagged for uniform or non-uniform DIF in anxiety, depression and anger, respectively.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Considering the cultural differences, we recommend using a harmonized approach that includes country-specific reference values while retaining a standardized core set of items to enable cross-country comparability.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":50310,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Methods in Psychiatric Research","volume":"34 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11685171/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142911206","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Application of Causal Forest Model to Examine Treatment Effect Heterogeneity in Substance Use Disorder Psychosocial Treatments","authors":"Ryoko Susukida,&nbsp;Masoumeh Amin-Esmaeili,&nbsp;Elena Badillo-Goicoechea,&nbsp;Trang Q. Nguyen,&nbsp;Elizabeth A. Stuart,&nbsp;Michael Rosenblum,&nbsp;Kelly E. Dunn,&nbsp;Ramin Mojtabai","doi":"10.1002/mpr.70011","DOIUrl":"10.1002/mpr.70011","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Heterogeneity of treatment effect (HTE) is a concern in substance use disorder (SUD) treatments but has not been rigorously examined. This exploratory study applied a causal forest approach to examine HTE in psychosocial SUD treatments, considering multiple covariates simultaneously.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Data from 12 randomized controlled trials of nine psychosocial treatments were obtained from the National Institute on Drug Abuse Clinical Trials Network. Using causal forests, we estimated the conditional average treatment effect (CATE) on drug abstinence. To assess HTE, we compared CATE variance against total outcome variability, conducted an omnibus test, and applied the Rank-Weighted Average Treatment Effect (RATE).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Across nine interventions, CATE variance was lower than total outcome variability, indicating lack of strong evidence of HTE with respect to the baseline covariates considered. The omnibus test and RATE analysis generally support this finding. However, the RATE analysis identified potential HTE in a motivational interviewing trial; this could be a false positive given the multiple analyses; replication is needed to confirm this.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>While causal forests show utility in exploring HTE in SUD interventions, limited baseline assessments in most trials suggest a cautious interpretation. The RATE findings for motivational interviewing highlight potential subgroup-specific treatment benefits, warranting further research.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":50310,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Methods in Psychiatric Research","volume":"34 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11675088/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142899968","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Patient-Reported Experience Measures for In- and Outpatients in Mental Health and Substance Use Services: Psychometric Properties and Results From a Nationwide Survey in Finland","authors":"Satu Viertiö,&nbsp;Sebastian Therman,&nbsp;Kristiina Kuussaari,&nbsp;Jaana Suvisaari","doi":"10.1002/mpr.70010","DOIUrl":"10.1002/mpr.70010","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We implemented the first national patient experience survey, with novel patient-reported experience measures (PREMs), in out- and inpatient mental health and substance use services in Finland.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The Outpatient Experience Scale (OPES) and the Inpatient Experience Scale (IPES) were co-designed with experts by experience and professionals. The survey was carried out in 2021 in 435 treatment facilities. We applied bi-factor analysis of ordinal indicators to prespecified and exploratory models.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We received 8794 outpatient and 1112 inpatient responses. Both the OPES and the IPES were essentially unidimensional, with high internal consistency (omega 0.98 in both) and strong factor loadings. The Net Promoter Score item was a fairly poor indicator of overall satisfaction. The most positive experiences were related to respect and acceptance, while statements related to receiving information and inclusion of significant others in the treatment process received more critical feedback. The best experience was in integrated mental health and substance use services. Involuntarily admitted patients had the most negative patient experiences.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The new PREMs proved to work well in measuring patient experience. Service users generally reported positive experiences. The primary service development need is sharing information with patients.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":50310,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Methods in Psychiatric Research","volume":"34 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11676435/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142900070","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Relationship Between BRI and Depressive Symptoms in Chinese Older Adults: A CLHLS-Based Study","authors":"Yan Wang,&nbsp;Yuting Yang,&nbsp;Wanning Wang,&nbsp;Qiao Chen,&nbsp;Wangping Jia,&nbsp;Ling Li","doi":"10.1002/mpr.70009","DOIUrl":"10.1002/mpr.70009","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>There is a lack of research examining the association between obesity and depressive symptoms in relation to mental health. This study aimed to examine the correlation between Body Roundness Index (BRI) and depressive symptoms in elderly Chinese individuals.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The study sample consisted of 11,842 individuals aged 65 years or older from the 2018 Chinese Longitudinal Health Longevity Survey (CLHLS) database. A multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to investigate how BRI affects the likelihood of experiencing depressive symptoms, with restricted cubic spline (RCS) curves illustrating this impact. BRI values were calculated using a predefined formula for each participant, and depressive status was assessed using the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D-10).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The mean age of the participants was 83.1 ± 10.9 years. A non-linear relationship was identified between the BRI score and the risk of depressive symptoms. The analysis showed that for BRI scores below 5.17, there was a significant 9% increase in the risk of depressive symptoms for every 1-point decrease in BRI score. Conversely, when the BRI was 5.17 or higher, a decrease in the BRI score did not lead to a significant increase in the risk of depressive symptoms.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The study demonstrated a significant association between BRI and depressive symptoms in elderly Chinese individuals. Furthermore, it was noted that older adults classified as overweight and mildly obese had a lower likelihood of experiencing depressive symptoms and demonstrated improved mental health.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":50310,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Methods in Psychiatric Research","volume":"33 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/mpr.70009","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142866088","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Introducing the “IJMPR Didactic Papers”","authors":"Hans-Ulrich Wittchen,&nbsp;Daniel S. Pine,&nbsp;Freya Thiel","doi":"10.1002/mpr.70000","DOIUrl":"10.1002/mpr.70000","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;Recent years have seen a range of statistical and methodological innovations of major relevance in mental health and psychopathology research that have become increasingly common in mental health research, with many theoretical and methodological developments quickly gaining traction. Given, however, that we receive many submissions that use these methods in a superficial and sometimes questionable way, &lt;i&gt;the International Journal of Methods in Psychiatric Research (IJMPR)&lt;/i&gt; sees a need for didactic methods papers, prepared by distinguished expert panels, that illustrate these developments, critically review the theoretical background and empirical practice and provide guidance for their use in the future.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;In response to this need IJMPR has decided to launch a new type of article called “&lt;i&gt;IJMPR Didactic Papers&lt;/i&gt;.” We have identified various critical topics and have commissioned the preparation of such didactic articles that will be published after the mandatory peer review together with regular accepted paper submissions in selected issues of IJMPR.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;In this issue, we present the first of this new series of didactic papers on the topic of “&lt;i&gt;Network Analysis: An Overview for Mental Health Research&lt;/i&gt;” (&lt;i&gt;Briganti et al.&lt;/i&gt; &lt;span&gt;2024&lt;/span&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Written by a large panel of outstanding international experts, guided by Giovanni Briganti, this article illustrates contemporary practices in applying network analytical tools, bridging the gap between network concepts and their empirical applications. The authors explain how to use graphs to construct networks representing complex associations among observable psychological variables, they discuss key network models, including dynamic networks, time-varying networks, network models derived from panel data, network intervention analysis, latent networks, and moderated models as well as Bayesian networks and their role in causal inference with a focus on cross-sectional data. They value of this outstanding exposition is further enhanced by a discussion of how network models and psychopathology theories can meaningfully inform each other and a conclusion that summarizes the insights each technique can provide in mental health research.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;In subsequent issues over the next 2 years, IJMPR will address in a similar way other critical topics, such as on “Mendelian Randomization,” “Machine Learning” and “Causal Forests,” each prepared by distinguished expert groups.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The special characteristic of all “IJMPR-Didactic papers” are that they can be longer than usual submissions in order to allow for practical guidance, and to highlight the “Do's and Don't's,” with the ultimate goals of making readers familiar with such innovative methods and strategies and promoting the appropriate use of such methods in future research. Assuming that the &lt;i&gt;IJMPR Didactic Papers&lt;/i&gt; hopefully will become a key reference standard for a wider audience in the future, we also plan with our publishe","PeriodicalId":50310,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Methods in Psychiatric Research","volume":"33 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11583945/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142689397","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Network analysis: An overview for mental health research","authors":"Giovanni Briganti,&nbsp;Marco Scutari,&nbsp;Sacha Epskamp,&nbsp;Denny Borsboom,&nbsp;Ria H. A. Hoekstra,&nbsp;Hudson Fernandes Golino,&nbsp;Alexander P. Christensen,&nbsp;Yannick Morvan,&nbsp;Omid V. Ebrahimi,&nbsp;Giulio Costantini,&nbsp;Alexandre Heeren,&nbsp;Jill de Ron,&nbsp;Laura F. Bringmann,&nbsp;Karoline Huth,&nbsp;Jonas M. B. Haslbeck,&nbsp;Adela-Maria Isvoranu,&nbsp;Maarten Marsman,&nbsp;Tessa Blanken,&nbsp;Allison Gilbert,&nbsp;Teague Rhine Henry,&nbsp;Eiko I. Fried,&nbsp;Richard J. McNally","doi":"10.1002/mpr.2034","DOIUrl":"10.1002/mpr.2034","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Network approaches to psychopathology have become increasingly common in mental health research, with many theoretical and methodological developments quickly gaining traction. This article illustrates contemporary practices in applying network analytical tools, bridging the gap between network concepts and their empirical applications. We explain how we can use graphs to construct networks representing complex associations among observable psychological variables. We then discuss key network models, including dynamic networks, time-varying networks, network models derived from panel data, network intervention analysis, latent networks, and moderated models. In addition, we discuss Bayesian networks and their role in causal inference with a focus on cross-sectional data. After presenting the different methods, we discuss how network models and psychopathology theories can meaningfully inform each other. We conclude with a discussion that summarizes the insights each technique can provide in mental health research.</p>","PeriodicalId":50310,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Methods in Psychiatric Research","volume":"33 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/mpr.2034","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142629935","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Are there subgroup differences in the accuracy of ‘screening’ questions for mood and anxiety disorder diagnostic interviews?","authors":"Matthew Sunderland,&nbsp;Tim Slade","doi":"10.1002/mpr.70008","DOIUrl":"10.1002/mpr.70008","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To examine the impact of potential measurement bias (i.e., differential item functioning [DIF]) across sex, age, employment, location, and substance use disorders on the screening properties of epidemiological surveys that utilise screening questions when estimating prevalence of mood and anxiety disorders.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Data comprised of 15,893 respondents who completed the 2020–2022 Australian National Survey of Mental Health and Wellbeing. Questions from the screening module of the Composite International Diagnostic Interview 3.0 were analysed using confirmatory factor analysis and DIF across subgroups of interest. Sensitivity, specificity, and classification rate were derived and compared across models that did and did not adjust for significant levels of DIF.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Sources of DIF were identified across the items was due to age and sex at birth with relatively fewer items displaying DIF across employment, location, and substance use disorders. In terms of screening, the absolute differences in sensitivity and specificity between the DIF-free and DIF models ranged from 0.001 to 0.091.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The current study found some evidence of DIF in the screening questions used to evaluate mental health disorder prevalence. However, the overall influence of DIF on screening into at least one mood and anxiety disorder module was found to be minimal.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":50310,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Methods in Psychiatric Research","volume":"33 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11541601/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142607274","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A prediction model for differential resilience to the effects of combat-related stressors in US army soldiers","authors":"Ronald C. Kessler,&nbsp;Robert M. Bossarte,&nbsp;Irving Hwang,&nbsp;Alex Luedtke,&nbsp;James A. Naifeh,&nbsp;Matthew K. Nock,&nbsp;Maria Petukhova,&nbsp;Ekaterina Sadikova,&nbsp;Nancy A. Sampson,&nbsp;Erik Sverdrup,&nbsp;Jose R. Zubizarreta,&nbsp;Stefan Wager,&nbsp;James Wagner,&nbsp;Murray B. Stein,&nbsp;Robert J. Ursano","doi":"10.1002/mpr.70006","DOIUrl":"10.1002/mpr.70006","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To develop a composite score for differential resilience to effects of combat-related stressors (CRS) on persistent DSM-IV post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) among US Army combat arms soldiers using survey data collected before deployment.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A sample of <i>n</i> = 2542 US Army combat arms soldiers completed a survey shortly before deployment to Afghanistan and then again two to three and 8–9 months after redeployment. Retrospective self-reports were obtained about CRS. Precision treatment methods were used to determine whether differential resilience to persistent PTSD in the follow-up surveys could be developed from pre-deployment survey data in a 60% training sample and validated in a 40% test sample.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>40.8% of respondents experienced high CRS and 5.4% developed persistent PTSD. Significant test sample heterogeneity was found in resilience (<i>t</i> = <i>2</i>.<i>1</i>, <i>p</i> = <i>0</i>.<i>032</i>), with average treatment effect (ATE) of high CRS in the 20% least resilient soldiers of 17.1% (SE = 5.5%) compared to ATE = 3.8% (SE = 1.2%) in the remaining 80%. The most important predictors involved recent and lifetime pre-deployment distress disorders.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A reliable pre-deployment resilience score can be constructed to predict variation in the effects of high CRS on persistent PTSD among combat arms soldiers. Such a score could be used to target preventive interventions to reduce PTSD or other resilience-related outcomes.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":50310,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Methods in Psychiatric Research","volume":"33 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/mpr.70006","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142548702","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}