André Hajek, Alan R. Teo, Larissa Zwar, Hans-Helmut König
Objectives
The 25-item Hikikomori Questionnaire (HQ-25) is an instrument developed to measure a condition characterized by extreme social withdrawal that was first described in Japan. This study aimed to translate the HQ-25 into German and validate the German version (HQ-25-G).
Methods
Translation was conducted according to established guidelines. Validation was based on data from a quota sample of individuals living in Germany, ranging from 18 to 74 years old (representing the distribution of age, sex and federal state, n = 5000). Data collection occurred during August and September 2023. We tested reliability, construct validity and concurrent validity. Moreover, HQ-25 scores for key sociodemographic group were reported.
Results
Internal reliability for the HQ-25-G was excellent (Cronbach's alpha = 0.93). We confirmed the original three-factor model. Moreover, higher hikikomori levels were significantly associated with more depressive symptoms (r = 0.50), more anxiety symptoms (r = 0.45), higher loneliness levels (r = 0.56), higher levels of objective social isolation (r = −0.47), higher levels of perceived social isolation (r = 0.59) and a higher preference for solitude (r = 0.45).
Conclusions
In a large population-based sample (including younger adults, middle-aged adults and older adults), the HQ-25-G version proves to be a psychometrically robust instrument, which is useful for further exploring the phenomenon of hikikomori within the German-speaking population.
{"title":"Validation of the German version of the 25-item hikikomori questionnaire 25","authors":"André Hajek, Alan R. Teo, Larissa Zwar, Hans-Helmut König","doi":"10.1002/mpr.2027","DOIUrl":"10.1002/mpr.2027","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The 25-item Hikikomori Questionnaire (HQ-25) is an instrument developed to measure a condition characterized by extreme social withdrawal that was first described in Japan. This study aimed to translate the HQ-25 into German and validate the German version (HQ-25-G).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Translation was conducted according to established guidelines. Validation was based on data from a quota sample of individuals living in Germany, ranging from 18 to 74 years old (representing the distribution of age, sex and federal state, <i>n</i> = 5000). Data collection occurred during August and September 2023. We tested reliability, construct validity and concurrent validity. Moreover, HQ-25 scores for key sociodemographic group were reported.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Internal reliability for the HQ-25-G was excellent (Cronbach's alpha = 0.93). We confirmed the original three-factor model. Moreover, higher hikikomori levels were significantly associated with more depressive symptoms (<i>r</i> = 0.50), more anxiety symptoms (<i>r</i> = 0.45), higher loneliness levels (<i>r</i> = 0.56), higher levels of objective social isolation (<i>r</i> = −0.47), higher levels of perceived social isolation (<i>r</i> = 0.59) and a higher preference for solitude (<i>r</i> = 0.45).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In a large population-based sample (including younger adults, middle-aged adults and older adults), the HQ-25-G version proves to be a psychometrically robust instrument, which is useful for further exploring the phenomenon of hikikomori within the German-speaking population.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":50310,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Methods in Psychiatric Research","volume":"33 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/mpr.2027","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141428162","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Giammarco Cascino, Laura Di Lodovico, Rossella Ceres, Alessio Maria Monteleone, Philip Gorwood, Palmiero Monteleone
Objective
The Videos of Physical Exercise and Sedentary Behaviours (VPESB) database is a novel database designed to experimentally investigate neural reactivity to physical exercise. The aim of this database is to provide a variety of dynamic images with a minimum of confounding factors.
Methods
A total of 196 healthy participants were recruited to evaluate 10 clips of sedentary activities and 10 clips of physical exercise. Each activity was performed by a male and female performer, resulting in a total of 40 video clips of 10 s each.
Results
The validation procedure confirmed the ability of these videoclips to accurately represent both sedentary and physical activity. In addition, video clips of physical activity were associated with higher effort ratings than sedentary activities (p < 0.01).
Conclusions
The VPESB is a versatile, rapid and easy-to-use tool that can be used to understand emotional and behavioural approaches to physical activity and to better disentangle some clinical conditions in which physical activity plays a central role.
{"title":"A database of videos of physical exercise and sedentary behaviours to investigate automatic processes and perceptions related to physical exercise","authors":"Giammarco Cascino, Laura Di Lodovico, Rossella Ceres, Alessio Maria Monteleone, Philip Gorwood, Palmiero Monteleone","doi":"10.1002/mpr.2022","DOIUrl":"10.1002/mpr.2022","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The Videos of Physical Exercise and Sedentary Behaviours (VPESB) database is a novel database designed to experimentally investigate neural reactivity to physical exercise. The aim of this database is to provide a variety of dynamic images with a minimum of confounding factors.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A total of 196 healthy participants were recruited to evaluate 10 clips of sedentary activities and 10 clips of physical exercise. Each activity was performed by a male and female performer, resulting in a total of 40 video clips of 10 s each.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The validation procedure confirmed the ability of these videoclips to accurately represent both sedentary and physical activity. In addition, video clips of physical activity were associated with higher effort ratings than sedentary activities (<i>p</i> < 0.01).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The VPESB is a versatile, rapid and easy-to-use tool that can be used to understand emotional and behavioural approaches to physical activity and to better disentangle some clinical conditions in which physical activity plays a central role.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":50310,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Methods in Psychiatric Research","volume":"33 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/mpr.2022","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141428161","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Kimmo Suokas, Mai Gutvilig, Sonja Lumme, Sami Pirkola, Christian Hakulinen
Objectives
Healthcare registers are invaluable resources for research. Partly overlapping register entries and preliminary diagnoses may introduce bias. We compare various methods to address this issue and provide fully reproducible open-source R scripts.
Methods
We used all Finnish healthcare registers 1969–2020, including inpatient, outpatient and primary care. Four distinct models were formulated based on previous reports to identify actual admissions, discharges, and discharge diagnoses. We calculated the annual number of treatment events and patients, and the median length of hospital stay (LOS). We compared these metrics to non-processed data. Additionally, we analyzed the lifetime number of individuals with registered mental disorders.
Results
Overall, 2,130,468 individuals had a registered medical contact related to mental disorders. After processing, the annual number of inpatient episodes decreased by 5.85%–10.87% and LOS increased by up to 3 days (27.27%) in years 2011–2020. The number of individuals with lifetime diagnoses reduced by more than 1 percent point (pp) in two categories: schizophrenia spectrum (3.69–3.81pp) and organic mental disorders (1.2–1.27pp).
Conclusions
The methods employed in pre-processing register data significantly impact the number of inpatient episodes and LOS. Regarding lifetime incidence of mental disorders, schizophrenia spectrum disorders require a particular focus on data pre-processing.
{"title":"Enhancing the accuracy of register-based metrics: Comparing methods for handling overlapping psychiatric register entries in Finnish healthcare registers","authors":"Kimmo Suokas, Mai Gutvilig, Sonja Lumme, Sami Pirkola, Christian Hakulinen","doi":"10.1002/mpr.2029","DOIUrl":"10.1002/mpr.2029","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Healthcare registers are invaluable resources for research. Partly overlapping register entries and preliminary diagnoses may introduce bias. We compare various methods to address this issue and provide fully reproducible open-source R scripts.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We used all Finnish healthcare registers 1969–2020, including inpatient, outpatient and primary care. Four distinct models were formulated based on previous reports to identify actual admissions, discharges, and discharge diagnoses. We calculated the annual number of treatment events and patients, and the median length of hospital stay (LOS). We compared these metrics to non-processed data. Additionally, we analyzed the lifetime number of individuals with registered mental disorders.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Overall, 2,130,468 individuals had a registered medical contact related to mental disorders. After processing, the annual number of inpatient episodes decreased by 5.85%–10.87% and LOS increased by up to 3 days (27.27%) in years 2011–2020. The number of individuals with lifetime diagnoses reduced by more than 1 percent point (pp) in two categories: schizophrenia spectrum (3.69–3.81pp) and organic mental disorders (1.2–1.27pp).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The methods employed in pre-processing register data significantly impact the number of inpatient episodes and LOS. Regarding lifetime incidence of mental disorders, schizophrenia spectrum disorders require a particular focus on data pre-processing.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":50310,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Methods in Psychiatric Research","volume":"33 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11181770/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141332397","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
There are dozens of screening instruments purporting to measure the (Internet) gaming disorder (IGD/GD). The two prominent diagnostic manuals, DSM-5 and ICD-11, list several additional diagnostic or clinical features and problems (e.g., neglect of sleep, neglect of daily duties, health deterioration) that should co-occur or be caused by the IGD/GD. It remains unclear how specific IGD/GD operationalizations (different screening scales) are related to these functional impairments.
Methods
To explore this, data on six measures of IGD/GD (IGDS9-SF, GDSS, GDT, GAMES test, two self-assessments) and 18 additional diagnostic features were collected from a sample of 1009 players who play digital games at least 13 h per week. A network approach was utilized to determine which operationalization is most strongly associated with functional impairment.
Results
In most of the networks, IGD/GD consistently emerged as the most central node.
Conclusion
The similar centrality of IGD/GD, irrespective of its definition (DSM-5 or ICD-11) or operationalization, provides support for the valid comparison or synthesis of results from studies that used instruments coming from both DSM-5 and ICD-11 ontologies, but only if the goal is to evaluate IGD/GD relationships to other phenomena, not the relationships between the symptoms themselves.
{"title":"Network analysis of additional clinical features of (Internet) gaming disorder","authors":"Marcel Martončik, Matúš Adamkovič, Ivan Ropovik","doi":"10.1002/mpr.2021","DOIUrl":"10.1002/mpr.2021","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>There are dozens of screening instruments purporting to measure the (Internet) gaming disorder (IGD/GD). The two prominent diagnostic manuals, DSM-5 and ICD-11, list several additional diagnostic or clinical features and problems (e.g., neglect of sleep, neglect of daily duties, health deterioration) that should co-occur or be caused by the IGD/GD. It remains unclear how specific IGD/GD operationalizations (different screening scales) are related to these functional impairments.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To explore this, data on six measures of IGD/GD (IGDS9-SF, GDSS, GDT, GAMES test, two self-assessments) and 18 additional diagnostic features were collected from a sample of 1009 players who play digital games at least 13 h per week. A network approach was utilized to determine which operationalization is most strongly associated with functional impairment.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In most of the networks, IGD/GD consistently emerged as the most central node.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The similar centrality of IGD/GD, irrespective of its definition (DSM-5 or ICD-11) or operationalization, provides support for the valid comparison or synthesis of results from studies that used instruments coming from both DSM-5 and ICD-11 ontologies, but only if the goal is to evaluate IGD/GD relationships to other phenomena, not the relationships between the symptoms themselves.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":50310,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Methods in Psychiatric Research","volume":"33 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/mpr.2021","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141155821","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Daniela Correia, Alexander Tran, Daša Kokole, Maria Neufeld, Aleksandra Olsen, Tiina Likki, Carina Ferreira-Borges, Jürgen Rehm
Objectives
This paper describes the design and implementation of an online survey experiment to investigate the effects of alcohol warning labels on alcohol-related knowledge, risk perceptions and intentions.
Method
The survey collected self-reported data from 14 European countries through two waves of data collection with different recruitment strategies: dissemination via social media and public health agencies was followed by paid-for Facebook ads. The latter strategy was adopted to achieve broader population representation. Post-stratification weighting was used to match the sample to population demographics.
Results
The survey received over 34,000 visits and resulted in a sample size of 19,601 participants with complete data on key sociodemographic characteristics. The responses in the first wave were over-representing females and higher educated people, thus the dissemination was complemented by the paid-for Facebook ads targeting more diverse populations but had higher attrition rate.
Conclusion
Experiments can be integrated into general population surveys. Pan-European results can be achieved with limited resources and a combination of sampling methods to compensate for different biases, and statistical adjustments.
{"title":"Designing and implementing an experimental survey on knowledge and perceptions about alcohol warning labels","authors":"Daniela Correia, Alexander Tran, Daša Kokole, Maria Neufeld, Aleksandra Olsen, Tiina Likki, Carina Ferreira-Borges, Jürgen Rehm","doi":"10.1002/mpr.2016","DOIUrl":"10.1002/mpr.2016","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This paper describes the design and implementation of an online survey experiment to investigate the effects of alcohol warning labels on alcohol-related knowledge, risk perceptions and intentions.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Method</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The survey collected self-reported data from 14 European countries through two waves of data collection with different recruitment strategies: dissemination via social media and public health agencies was followed by paid-for Facebook ads. The latter strategy was adopted to achieve broader population representation. Post-stratification weighting was used to match the sample to population demographics.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The survey received over 34,000 visits and resulted in a sample size of 19,601 participants with complete data on key sociodemographic characteristics. The responses in the first wave were over-representing females and higher educated people, thus the dissemination was complemented by the paid-for Facebook ads targeting more diverse populations but had higher attrition rate.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Experiments can be integrated into general population surveys. Pan-European results can be achieved with limited resources and a combination of sampling methods to compensate for different biases, and statistical adjustments.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":50310,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Methods in Psychiatric Research","volume":"33 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11101666/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140960608","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Salma Mawfek Khaled, Nour W. Z. Alhussaini, Majid Alabdulla, Nancy A. Sampson, Ronald C. Kessler, Peter W. Woodruff, Sheik Mohammed Al-Thani
Objectives
To estimate lifetime prevalence, risk, and treatment for mental disorders and their correlates in Qatar's general population for the first time.
Methods
We conducted a national phone survey of 5,195 Qatari and Arab residents in Qatar (2019–2022) using the Composite International Diagnostic Interview Version 3.3 and estimated lifetime mood and anxiety defined diagnoses. Survival-based discrete time models, lifetime morbid risk, and treatment projections were estimated.
Results
Lifetime prevalence of any disorder was 28.0% and was associated with younger cohorts, females, and migrants, but lower formal education. Treatment contact in the year of disorder onset were 13.5%. The median delay in receiving treatment was 5 years (IQR = 2–13). Lifetime treatment among those with a lifetime disorder were 59.9% for non-healthcare and 63.5% for healthcare; it was 68.1% for any anxiety and 80.1% for any mood disorder after 50 years of onset. Younger cohorts and later age of onset were significantly predictors of treatment.
Conclusions
Lifetime prevalence of mental disorders in Qatar is comparable to other countries. Treatment is significantly delayed and delivered largely in non-healthcare sectors thus the need for increased literacy of mental illness to reduce stigma and improve earlier help-seeking in healthcare settings.
{"title":"Lifetime prevalence, risk, and treatment of mood and anxiety disorders in Qatar's national mental health study","authors":"Salma Mawfek Khaled, Nour W. Z. Alhussaini, Majid Alabdulla, Nancy A. Sampson, Ronald C. Kessler, Peter W. Woodruff, Sheik Mohammed Al-Thani","doi":"10.1002/mpr.2011","DOIUrl":"10.1002/mpr.2011","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To estimate lifetime prevalence, risk, and treatment for mental disorders and their correlates in Qatar's general population for the first time.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We conducted a national phone survey of 5,195 Qatari and Arab residents in Qatar (2019–2022) using the Composite International Diagnostic Interview Version 3.3 and estimated lifetime mood and anxiety defined diagnoses. Survival-based discrete time models, lifetime morbid risk, and treatment projections were estimated.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Lifetime prevalence of any disorder was 28.0% and was associated with younger cohorts, females, and migrants, but lower formal education. Treatment contact in the year of disorder onset were 13.5%. The median delay in receiving treatment was 5 years (IQR = 2–13). Lifetime treatment among those with a lifetime disorder were 59.9% for non-healthcare and 63.5% for healthcare; it was 68.1% for any anxiety and 80.1% for any mood disorder after 50 years of onset. Younger cohorts and later age of onset were significantly predictors of treatment.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Lifetime prevalence of mental disorders in Qatar is comparable to other countries. Treatment is significantly delayed and delivered largely in non-healthcare sectors thus the need for increased literacy of mental illness to reduce stigma and improve earlier help-seeking in healthcare settings.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":50310,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Methods in Psychiatric Research","volume":"33 S1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/mpr.2011","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140898573","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Salma M. Khaled, Iman Amro, Lina Bader, John Lee Holmes, Kien Le Trung, Abdoulaye Diop
Objectives
The World Mental Health Qatar (WMHQ) study, the first national general population mental health survey in Qatar, was conducted as part of the World Health Organization (WHO) World Mental Health (WMH) Survey Initiative. It was one of the few WMH survey conducted during the COVID-19 pandemic. This paper presents the methodological advances and challenges encountered while conducting the survey by telephone during the pandemic.
Methods
Disproportionate stratified sampling using a national-level cellular telephone frame selected a representative sample of Arabic-speaking adults. Participants were initially contacted via Short Message Service text, followed by telephone interviews. WMH training materials supported a comprehensive training program, and data quality was ensured through a quality control indicator system and extensive monitoring.
Results
Over 234 days, 5195 interviews in Arabic were completed, averaging 77 min each. In line with Qatar's population, the majority of participants were non-Qatari residents living in Qatar (72.2%).
Conclusions
A distributed remote Computer Assisted Telephone Interviewing system facilitated centralized quality monitoring and data security. However, the pandemic intensified challenges such as remote management of interviewer productivity, low response rates, and rising survey costs. The findings will inform Qatar's mental health policymakers, and the strategies used to address these challenges offer valuable insights for researchers worldwide.
{"title":"Qatar's National Mental Health Survey—The World Mental Health Qatar: Sampling design, instrument adaptation, quality control, and fielding procedures","authors":"Salma M. Khaled, Iman Amro, Lina Bader, John Lee Holmes, Kien Le Trung, Abdoulaye Diop","doi":"10.1002/mpr.2010","DOIUrl":"10.1002/mpr.2010","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The World Mental Health Qatar (WMHQ) study, the first national general population mental health survey in Qatar, was conducted as part of the World Health Organization (WHO) World Mental Health (WMH) Survey Initiative. It was one of the few WMH survey conducted during the COVID-19 pandemic. This paper presents the methodological advances and challenges encountered while conducting the survey by telephone during the pandemic.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Disproportionate stratified sampling using a national-level cellular telephone frame selected a representative sample of Arabic-speaking adults. Participants were initially contacted via Short Message Service text, followed by telephone interviews. WMH training materials supported a comprehensive training program, and data quality was ensured through a quality control indicator system and extensive monitoring.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Over 234 days, 5195 interviews in Arabic were completed, averaging 77 min each. In line with Qatar's population, the majority of participants were non-Qatari residents living in Qatar (72.2%).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A distributed remote Computer Assisted Telephone Interviewing system facilitated centralized quality monitoring and data security. However, the pandemic intensified challenges such as remote management of interviewer productivity, low response rates, and rising survey costs. The findings will inform Qatar's mental health policymakers, and the strategies used to address these challenges offer valuable insights for researchers worldwide.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":50310,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Methods in Psychiatric Research","volume":"33 S1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/mpr.2010","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140898824","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Salma M. Khaled, Iman Amro, Menatalla Abdelkader, Dalia Al Bahari, Mahmoud Al Shawwaf, Majid Alabdulla, Ahmed Alhassan, Amal Ali, Sheeren Aly, Asmaa Amin, Wai Tat Chiu, James Currie, Hana El Fakki, Michael B. First, Mohammed H. O. Hassan, Zainab Hijawi, Rumaisa Mohammed, Marwa Nofal, Salma Salman, Nancy A. Sampson, Peter W. Woodruff, Ronald C. Kessler
<div> <section> <h3> Objectives</h3> <p>Lifetime DSM-5 diagnoses generated by the lay-administered Composite International Diagnostic Interview for DSM-5 (CIDI) in the World Mental Health Qatar (WMHQ) study were compared to diagnoses based on blinded clinician-administered reappraisal interviews.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Methods</h3> <p>Telephone follow-up interviews used the non-patient edition of the Structured Clinician Interview for DSM-5 (SCID) oversampling respondents who screened positive for five diagnoses in the CIDI: major depressive episode, mania/hypomania, panic disorder, generalized anxiety disorder, and obsessive-compulsive disorder. Concordance was also examined for a diagnoses of post-traumatic stress disorder based on a short-form versus full version of the PTSD Checklist for DSM-5 (PCL-5).</p> </section> <section> <h3> Results</h3> <p>Initial CIDI prevalence estimates differed significantly from the SCID for most diagnoses (<span></span><math> <semantics> <mrow> <msubsup> <mi>χ</mi> <mn>1</mn> <mn>2</mn> </msubsup> </mrow> <annotation> ${chi }_{1}^{2}$</annotation> </semantics></math> = 6.6–31.4, <i>p</i> = 0.010 < 0.001), but recalibration reduced most of these differences and led to consistent increases in individual-level concordance (AU-ROC) from 0.53–0.76 to 0.67–0.81. Recalibration of the short-form PCL-5 removed an initially significant difference in PTSD prevalence with the full PCL-5 (from <span></span><math> <semantics> <mrow> <msubsup> <mi>χ</mi> <mn>1</mn> <mn>2</mn> </msubsup> </mrow> <annotation> ${chi }_{1}^{2}$</annotation> </semantics></math> = 610.5, <i>p</i> < 0.001 to <span></span><math> <semantics> <mrow> <msubsup> <mi>χ</mi> <mn>1</mn> <mn>2</mn> </msubsup> </mrow> <annotation> ${chi }_{1}^{2}$</annotation> </semantics></math> = 2.5, <i>p</i> = 0.110) while also increasing AU-ROC from 0.76 to 0.81.</p> </section>
{"title":"Clinical reappraisal of the composite international diagnostic interview version 3.3 in Qatar's National Mental Health Study","authors":"Salma M. Khaled, Iman Amro, Menatalla Abdelkader, Dalia Al Bahari, Mahmoud Al Shawwaf, Majid Alabdulla, Ahmed Alhassan, Amal Ali, Sheeren Aly, Asmaa Amin, Wai Tat Chiu, James Currie, Hana El Fakki, Michael B. First, Mohammed H. O. Hassan, Zainab Hijawi, Rumaisa Mohammed, Marwa Nofal, Salma Salman, Nancy A. Sampson, Peter W. Woodruff, Ronald C. Kessler","doi":"10.1002/mpr.2013","DOIUrl":"10.1002/mpr.2013","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Lifetime DSM-5 diagnoses generated by the lay-administered Composite International Diagnostic Interview for DSM-5 (CIDI) in the World Mental Health Qatar (WMHQ) study were compared to diagnoses based on blinded clinician-administered reappraisal interviews.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Telephone follow-up interviews used the non-patient edition of the Structured Clinician Interview for DSM-5 (SCID) oversampling respondents who screened positive for five diagnoses in the CIDI: major depressive episode, mania/hypomania, panic disorder, generalized anxiety disorder, and obsessive-compulsive disorder. Concordance was also examined for a diagnoses of post-traumatic stress disorder based on a short-form versus full version of the PTSD Checklist for DSM-5 (PCL-5).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Initial CIDI prevalence estimates differed significantly from the SCID for most diagnoses (<span></span><math>\u0000 <semantics>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <msubsup>\u0000 <mi>χ</mi>\u0000 <mn>1</mn>\u0000 <mn>2</mn>\u0000 </msubsup>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 <annotation> ${chi }_{1}^{2}$</annotation>\u0000 </semantics></math> = 6.6–31.4, <i>p</i> = 0.010 < 0.001), but recalibration reduced most of these differences and led to consistent increases in individual-level concordance (AU-ROC) from 0.53–0.76 to 0.67–0.81. Recalibration of the short-form PCL-5 removed an initially significant difference in PTSD prevalence with the full PCL-5 (from <span></span><math>\u0000 <semantics>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <msubsup>\u0000 <mi>χ</mi>\u0000 <mn>1</mn>\u0000 <mn>2</mn>\u0000 </msubsup>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 <annotation> ${chi }_{1}^{2}$</annotation>\u0000 </semantics></math> = 610.5, <i>p</i> < 0.001 to <span></span><math>\u0000 <semantics>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <msubsup>\u0000 <mi>χ</mi>\u0000 <mn>1</mn>\u0000 <mn>2</mn>\u0000 </msubsup>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 <annotation> ${chi }_{1}^{2}$</annotation>\u0000 </semantics></math> = 2.5, <i>p</i> = 0.110) while also increasing AU-ROC from 0.76 to 0.81.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 ","PeriodicalId":50310,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Methods in Psychiatric Research","volume":"33 S1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/mpr.2013","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140898275","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Salma Mawfek Khaled, Majid Al-Abdulla, Iain Tulley, Sheik Mohammed Al-Thani, Peter W. Woodruff
Background
We provide an overview of Qatar's first epidemiological study on prevalence, predictors, and treatment contact for mood and anxiety disorders.
Aims
We highlight the importance of the three-pronged study, its aims, and its key components.
Materials & Methods
The first component comprised a probability-based representative survey of Qatari and non-Qatari (Arab) adult males and females recruited from the general population and interviewed using the International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI version 3.3). The second component, a clinical reappraisal study, assessed concordance between diagnoses based on the CIDI and independent clinical assessments conducted by trained clinical interviewers. The third component comprised a resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging study of healthy survey respondents who were matched to patients with psychosis.
Results
5000 survey interviews provided data on prevalence and treatment of common mental disorders. Clinical re-interviews (N = 485) provided important diagnostic validity data. Finally, state-of-the art structural and functional brain markers for psychosis were also collected (N = 100).
Discussion
Descriptive epidemiological data were collected to inform future mental health priorities in Qatar and situates these within a global context.
Conclusion
The study fills important gaps in regional and global estimates and establish necessary baseline to develop comprehensive risk estimates for mental health in Qatar’s young population.
{"title":"Qatar's National Mental Health Study—The World Mental Health Qatar","authors":"Salma Mawfek Khaled, Majid Al-Abdulla, Iain Tulley, Sheik Mohammed Al-Thani, Peter W. Woodruff","doi":"10.1002/mpr.2008","DOIUrl":"10.1002/mpr.2008","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We provide an overview of Qatar's first epidemiological study on prevalence, predictors, and treatment contact for mood and anxiety disorders.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aims</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We highlight the importance of the three-pronged study, its aims, and its key components.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Materials & Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The first component comprised a probability-based representative survey of Qatari and non-Qatari (Arab) adult males and females recruited from the general population and interviewed using the International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI version 3.3). The second component, a clinical reappraisal study, assessed concordance between diagnoses based on the CIDI and independent clinical assessments conducted by trained clinical interviewers. The third component comprised a resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging study of healthy survey respondents who were matched to patients with psychosis.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>5000 survey interviews provided data on prevalence and treatment of common mental disorders. Clinical re-interviews (<i>N</i> = 485) provided important diagnostic validity data. Finally, state-of-the art structural and functional brain markers for psychosis were also collected (<i>N</i> = 100).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Discussion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Descriptive epidemiological data were collected to inform future mental health priorities in Qatar and situates these within a global context.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The study fills important gaps in regional and global estimates and establish necessary baseline to develop comprehensive risk estimates for mental health in Qatar’s young population.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":50310,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Methods in Psychiatric Research","volume":"33 S1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/mpr.2008","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140898855","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Salma M. Khaled, Iman Amro, Lina Bader, John Lee Holmes, Abdoulaye Diop, Kien Le Trung
Objectives
We investigated the feasibility of replacing face-to-face with telephone interviews conducted as part of the World Mental Health Qatar (WMHQ) survey and discuss the main methodological changes across the two pilots that were subsequently implemented in the full-scale WMHQ telephone survey.
Methods
We assessed the net mode effect by comparing the lifetime prevalence estimates of the main mental disorder classes (mood and anxiety disorders) and a number of disorders across the two survey pilots conducted prior to and post-pandemic.
Results
The main differences in terms of methodology for both pilots stemmed from differences in the survey mode, including questionnaire length, study recruitment method, and fielding team size and structure. These factors influenced response rates and costs. However, the lifetime prevalence estimates and other key indicators of survey results did not differ across modes.
Conclusions
Our findings confirm the comparability of data collected via telephone and face-to-face modes, supporting the adoption of telephone surveys for future mental health studies, particularly in the context of pandemics. They also confirm the feasibility of changing or mixing modes depending on field conditions in future psychiatric epidemiological research.
{"title":"Feasibility of replacing face-to-face with telephone interviews for the World Mental Health Qatar survey during the COVID-19 pandemic","authors":"Salma M. Khaled, Iman Amro, Lina Bader, John Lee Holmes, Abdoulaye Diop, Kien Le Trung","doi":"10.1002/mpr.2009","DOIUrl":"10.1002/mpr.2009","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We investigated the feasibility of replacing face-to-face with telephone interviews conducted as part of the World Mental Health Qatar (WMHQ) survey and discuss the main methodological changes across the two pilots that were subsequently implemented in the full-scale WMHQ telephone survey.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We assessed the net mode effect by comparing the lifetime prevalence estimates of the main mental disorder classes (mood and anxiety disorders) and a number of disorders across the two survey pilots conducted prior to and post-pandemic.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The main differences in terms of methodology for both pilots stemmed from differences in the survey mode, including questionnaire length, study recruitment method, and fielding team size and structure. These factors influenced response rates and costs. However, the lifetime prevalence estimates and other key indicators of survey results did not differ across modes.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Our findings confirm the comparability of data collected via telephone and face-to-face modes, supporting the adoption of telephone surveys for future mental health studies, particularly in the context of pandemics. They also confirm the feasibility of changing or mixing modes depending on field conditions in future psychiatric epidemiological research.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":50310,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Methods in Psychiatric Research","volume":"33 S1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/mpr.2009","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140898444","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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