Anna Forastiere, Enrico Calandrini, Giulia Cesaroni, Anna Maria Bargagli, Nera Agabiti
Introduction
We aimed to evaluate the diagnostic stability of a large spectrum of psychiatric diagnoses in adolescents and young adult patients attending specialised facilities in the Lazio Region (Italy).
Methods
A total of 3871 subjects (11–35 years) at their first hospitalisation with a psychiatric diagnosis were selected and followed up for 10 years on subsequent hospital admissions to psychiatric care.
Results
A total of 1145 patients were readmitted to a hospital for a psychiatric disorder in the following 10 years. Among these subjects, the concordance between the first and last diagnosis was 57.8% with a weighted kappa of 0.47 (95% CI: 0.42–0.51); the repeated stability (the same diagnosis in at least 75% of admissions) was 31.2%. The diagnostic categories with the highest values of prospective concordance and kappa were schizophrenia spectrum and other functional psychoses (70%, kappa 0.53), substance use disorders (54%, kappa 0.57), and eating disorders (80.9%, kappa 0.76).
Conclusions
In a population study, the stability over time of the first psychiatric diagnosis in a hospital varied according to the specific diagnostic categories, and overall, it was lower than previously reported. The trajectories were disorder-specific, and the stability was influenced by several factors, including the individuals' characteristics, the disorder's severity, and the diagnostic setting.
{"title":"A Ten-Year Cohort Study on the Stability and Trajectories of Psychiatric Diagnosis in Adolescents and Young Adults in Lazio, Italy","authors":"Anna Forastiere, Enrico Calandrini, Giulia Cesaroni, Anna Maria Bargagli, Nera Agabiti","doi":"10.1002/mpr.70023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/mpr.70023","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Introduction</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We aimed to evaluate the diagnostic stability of a large spectrum of psychiatric diagnoses in adolescents and young adult patients attending specialised facilities in the Lazio Region (Italy).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A total of 3871 subjects (11–35 years) at their first hospitalisation with a psychiatric diagnosis were selected and followed up for 10 years on subsequent hospital admissions to psychiatric care.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A total of 1145 patients were readmitted to a hospital for a psychiatric disorder in the following 10 years. Among these subjects, the concordance between the first and last diagnosis was 57.8% with a weighted kappa of 0.47 (95% CI: 0.42–0.51); the repeated stability (the same diagnosis in at least 75% of admissions) was 31.2%. The diagnostic categories with the highest values of prospective concordance and kappa were schizophrenia spectrum and other functional psychoses (70%, kappa 0.53), substance use disorders (54%, kappa 0.57), and eating disorders (80.9%, kappa 0.76).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In a population study, the stability over time of the first psychiatric diagnosis in a hospital varied according to the specific diagnostic categories, and overall, it was lower than previously reported. The trajectories were disorder-specific, and the stability was influenced by several factors, including the individuals' characteristics, the disorder's severity, and the diagnostic setting.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":50310,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Methods in Psychiatric Research","volume":"34 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/mpr.70023","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143939160","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Susanne Grothus, Ariane Sommer, Benedikt B. Claus, Lorin Stahlschmidt, Lea Höfel, Bruce F. Chorpita, Julia Wager
Objectives
This study assesses the reliability and validity of two short forms of the German Revised Children’s Anxiety and Depression Scale (RCADS 11- and 25-item versions) and provides normative data.
Methods
Data were collected from a representative sample of N = 1562 German schoolchildren and N = 757 pediatric chronic pain patients (ages 8–17).
Results
Cronbach's α demonstrated acceptable to good internal consistency for the total score as well as the depression and anxiety scales. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) demonstrated acceptable to good model fit for both a 2-factor structure (RCADS-11) and a higher-order structure (RCADS-25). Multi-group CFAs demonstrated similar model structures across the school and pediatric chronic pain samples. Convergent validity was supported by moderate to high negative correlations with health-related quality of life and a high positive correlation with functional impairment. Girls—and to some extent, adolescents – scored significantly higher on anxiety and depression scales. The short versions demonstrated excellent agreement with the original 47-item RCADS (0.78 ≤ Cohen’s κ ≤ 1.0). German normative data are provided.
Conclusion
The short versions of the German RCADS are reliable and valid instruments for assessing anxiety and depressive symptoms in children and adolescents.
{"title":"Short Forms of the German Revised Children's Anxiety and Depression Scale (RCADS)–Validation and Normative Data of the 11- and 25-Item Versions","authors":"Susanne Grothus, Ariane Sommer, Benedikt B. Claus, Lorin Stahlschmidt, Lea Höfel, Bruce F. Chorpita, Julia Wager","doi":"10.1002/mpr.70022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/mpr.70022","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study assesses the reliability and validity of two short forms of the German Revised Children’s Anxiety and Depression Scale (RCADS 11- and 25-item versions) and provides normative data.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Data were collected from a representative sample of <i>N</i> = 1562 German schoolchildren and <i>N</i> = 757 pediatric chronic pain patients (ages 8–17).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Cronbach's α demonstrated acceptable to good internal consistency for the total score as well as the depression and anxiety scales. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) demonstrated acceptable to good model fit for both a 2-factor structure (RCADS-11) and a higher-order structure (RCADS-25). Multi-group CFAs demonstrated similar model structures across the school and pediatric chronic pain samples. Convergent validity was supported by moderate to high negative correlations with health-related quality of life and a high positive correlation with functional impairment. Girls—and to some extent, adolescents – scored significantly higher on anxiety and depression scales. The short versions demonstrated excellent agreement with the original 47-item RCADS (0.78 ≤ Cohen’s <i>κ</i> ≤ 1.0). German normative data are provided.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The short versions of the German RCADS are reliable and valid instruments for assessing anxiety and depressive symptoms in children and adolescents.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":50310,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Methods in Psychiatric Research","volume":"34 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/mpr.70022","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143877826","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jouhayna Bajjani-Gebara, Dawnkimberly Hopkins, Joan Wasserman, Ryan Landoll, Margaux Keller
Objectives
Despite its high prevalence and strong linkages with dangerous health outcomes, research on Adjustment Disorder (AjD) is hindered by lack of diagnostic clarity. AjD is categorized as a stress-related disorder, highlighting the important role of the stressor(s) on AjD symptom onset and severity. The military community shows increased risk for AjD, and existing tools do not capture the stressors most relevant and appropriate to this unique community. A diagnostic assessment tool developed specifically for this specialized population may provide critical capability to clinical assessment.
Methods
A Delphi method was used to create a military-specific version of the standard assessment for Adjustment Disorders (ADNM-20), named ADNM-20-MIL. This tool was pilot-tested in a sample of U.S. Active Duty Service Members (ADSMs) with AjD diagnoses.
Results
Throughout the Delphi process, military-specific stressors were identified and integrated into the ADNM-20-MIL, then refined and validated, ensuring their applicability and relevance to the military context.
Conclusions
The ADNM-20-MIL will enable timely diagnosis and targeted treatment for AjD, which remains a highly prevalent and destabilizing diagnosis in ADSMs.
{"title":"Modification of the Adjustment Disorder New Module20 (ADNM-20) for Use in Military Environments (ADNM-20-MIL): A Delphi and Pilot Study","authors":"Jouhayna Bajjani-Gebara, Dawnkimberly Hopkins, Joan Wasserman, Ryan Landoll, Margaux Keller","doi":"10.1002/mpr.70021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/mpr.70021","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Despite its high prevalence and strong linkages with dangerous health outcomes, research on Adjustment Disorder (AjD) is hindered by lack of diagnostic clarity. AjD is categorized as a stress-related disorder, highlighting the important role of the stressor(s) on AjD symptom onset and severity. The military community shows increased risk for AjD, and existing tools do not capture the stressors most relevant and appropriate to this unique community. A diagnostic assessment tool developed specifically for this specialized population may provide critical capability to clinical assessment.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A Delphi method was used to create a military-specific version of the standard assessment for Adjustment Disorders (ADNM-20), named ADNM-20-MIL. This tool was pilot-tested in a sample of U.S. Active Duty Service Members (ADSMs) with AjD diagnoses.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Throughout the Delphi process, military-specific stressors were identified and integrated into the ADNM-20-MIL, then refined and validated, ensuring their applicability and relevance to the military context.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The ADNM-20-MIL will enable timely diagnosis and targeted treatment for AjD, which remains a highly prevalent and destabilizing diagnosis in ADSMs.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":50310,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Methods in Psychiatric Research","volume":"34 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/mpr.70021","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143822243","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Stephanie Ruth Young, Yusuke Shono, Katherina K. Hauner, Jiwon Kim, Elizabeth McManus Dworak, Greg Joseph Byrne, Callie Madison Jones, Julia Noelani Yoshino Benavente, Michael S. Wolf, Cindy J. Nowinski
Objectives
Self-administered, user-friendly apps that can detect initial symptoms of cognitive impairment have enormous potential to improve early detection of cognitive decline. We examine the psychometric properties of the redesigned version of MyCog, MyCog 2.0, an app-based tool for older adults that assesses executive function and episodic memory. MyCog 2.0 aims to improve usability while maintaining the psychometric validity demonstrated in the original version.
Methods
Feedback from clinicians and patients on MyCog was gathered to inform the human-centered design improvements of MyCog 2.0. To assess the psychometric properties of the improved tool, data from a community sample (n = 200; mean age = 73 years) who had completed MyCog 2.0 were compared to an age-matched sample who had completed the original MyCog. Internal consistency and construct validity were evaluated via confirmatory factor analysis. Bayesian differential item functioning was employed to evaluate the evidence for equivalence of MyCog and MyCog 2.0.
Results
Internal consistency was high for executive function and episodic memory tests (ωt = 0.84). A two-factor model showed excellent fit, demonstrating that tests measured two related yet distinct constructs, episodic memory and executive functioning, as expected. Differential item functioning between the two test versions was not observed for episodic memory performance or executive functioning accuracy; however, response time on five executive function items was found to differ across versions.
Conclusions
Findings support MyCog 2.0 as the first reliable self-administered cognitive screener designed specifically for ease of use among older adults. Findings support the internal consistency and construct validity of MyCog 2.0 and provide a foundation for the forthcoming clinical validation studies.
{"title":"Psychometric Properties of MyCog 2.0: A Human-Centered Cognitive Screening Tool for Older Adults","authors":"Stephanie Ruth Young, Yusuke Shono, Katherina K. Hauner, Jiwon Kim, Elizabeth McManus Dworak, Greg Joseph Byrne, Callie Madison Jones, Julia Noelani Yoshino Benavente, Michael S. Wolf, Cindy J. Nowinski","doi":"10.1002/mpr.70020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/mpr.70020","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Self-administered, user-friendly apps that can detect initial symptoms of cognitive impairment have enormous potential to improve early detection of cognitive decline. We examine the psychometric properties of the redesigned version of MyCog, MyCog 2.0, an app-based tool for older adults that assesses executive function and episodic memory. MyCog 2.0 aims to improve usability while maintaining the psychometric validity demonstrated in the original version.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Feedback from clinicians and patients on MyCog was gathered to inform the human-centered design improvements of MyCog 2.0. To assess the psychometric properties of the improved tool, data from a community sample (<i>n</i> = 200; mean age = 73 years) who had completed MyCog 2.0 were compared to an age-matched sample who had completed the original MyCog. Internal consistency and construct validity were evaluated via confirmatory factor analysis. Bayesian differential item functioning was employed to evaluate the evidence for equivalence of MyCog and MyCog 2.0.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Internal consistency was high for executive function and episodic memory tests (<i>ω</i><sub>t</sub> = 0.84). A two-factor model showed excellent fit, demonstrating that tests measured two related yet distinct constructs, episodic memory and executive functioning, as expected. Differential item functioning between the two test versions was not observed for episodic memory performance or executive functioning accuracy; however, response time on five executive function items was found to differ across versions.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Findings support MyCog 2.0 as the first reliable self-administered cognitive screener designed specifically for ease of use among older adults. Findings support the internal consistency and construct validity of MyCog 2.0 and provide a foundation for the forthcoming clinical validation studies.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":50310,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Methods in Psychiatric Research","volume":"34 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/mpr.70020","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143786734","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Flexible machine learning tools are increasingly used to estimate heterogeneous treatment effects.
Aims
This paper gives an accessible tutorial demonstrating the use of the causal forest algorithm, available in the R package grf.
Summary
We start with a brief non-technical overview of treatment effect estimation methods, focusing on estimation in observational studies; the same techniques can also be applied in experimental studies. We then discuss the logic of estimating heterogeneous effects using the extension of the random forest algorithm implemented in grf. Finally, we illustrate causal forest by conducting a secondary analysis on the extent to which individual differences in resilience to high combat stress can be measured among US Army soldiers deploying to Afghanistan based on information about these soldiers available prior to deployment. We illustrate simple and interpretable exercises for model selection and evaluation, including targeting operator characteristics curves, Qini curves, area-under-the-curve summaries, and best linear projections.
Results
A replication script with simulated data is available at https://github.com/grf-labs/grf/tree/master/experiments/ijmpr.
{"title":"Estimating Treatment Effect Heterogeneity in Psychiatry: A Review and Tutorial With Causal Forests","authors":"Erik Sverdrup, Maria Petukhova, Stefan Wager","doi":"10.1002/mpr.70015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/mpr.70015","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Flexible machine learning tools are increasingly used to estimate heterogeneous treatment effects.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aims</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This paper gives an accessible tutorial demonstrating the use of the causal forest algorithm, available in the <i>R</i> package <i>grf</i>.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Summary</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We start with a brief non-technical overview of treatment effect estimation methods, focusing on estimation in observational studies; the same techniques can also be applied in experimental studies. We then discuss the logic of estimating heterogeneous effects using the extension of the random forest algorithm implemented in <i>grf</i>. Finally, we illustrate causal forest by conducting a secondary analysis on the extent to which individual differences in resilience to high combat stress can be measured among US Army soldiers deploying to Afghanistan based on information about these soldiers available prior to deployment. We illustrate simple and interpretable exercises for model selection and evaluation, including targeting operator characteristics curves, Qini curves, area-under-the-curve summaries, and best linear projections.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A replication script with simulated data is available at https://github.com/grf-labs/grf/tree/master/experiments/ijmpr.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":50310,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Methods in Psychiatric Research","volume":"34 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/mpr.70015","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143762095","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ali Mertcan Köse, Paul Petzold, Dario Zocholl, Polychronis Kostoulas, Matthias Rose, Felix Fischer
Objectives
The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) in the US relies on the depression screening tool PHQ-9 to assess depressive symptoms in the general population. For prevalence estimation, PHQ-9s imperfect diagnostic accuracy can be modeled with a Bayesian Latent Class Model. We investigate the impact of different cutoffs on prevalence estimation.
Methods
We used data from the 16-th wave of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). We assessed the joint posterior distribution to asssess the prevalence of major depression as well as sensitivity and specificity of the PHQ-9 at cutoffs 5 to 15. We also assessed the impact of weakly and strongly informative prevalence priors.
Results
Data from 9693 participants of the NHANES Wave 2019–2020 were analyzed. Under weakly informative prevalence priors, prevalence estimates ranged from 16.0% (95% CrI: 0.3%–87.8%) when using a cut-off of 5% to 3.9% (0.2%–12.7%) at 13. More informative prevalence priors led to narrower credible intervals, but the observed data was still in accordance with a wide range of possible MDD prevalence estimates.
Conclusions
Regardless of the cutoff and the prevalence prior chosen, prevalence estimation of major depressive disorders in the NHANES based on the PHQ-9 is imprecise.
{"title":"Prevalence Estimation Using a Depression Screening Tool in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey: Comparison of Different Cutoffs","authors":"Ali Mertcan Köse, Paul Petzold, Dario Zocholl, Polychronis Kostoulas, Matthias Rose, Felix Fischer","doi":"10.1002/mpr.70019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/mpr.70019","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) in the US relies on the depression screening tool PHQ-9 to assess depressive symptoms in the general population. For prevalence estimation, PHQ-9s imperfect diagnostic accuracy can be modeled with a Bayesian Latent Class Model. We investigate the impact of different cutoffs on prevalence estimation.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We used data from the 16-th wave of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). We assessed the joint posterior distribution to asssess the prevalence of major depression as well as sensitivity and specificity of the PHQ-9 at cutoffs 5 to 15. We also assessed the impact of weakly and strongly informative prevalence priors.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Data from 9693 participants of the NHANES Wave 2019–2020 were analyzed. Under weakly informative prevalence priors, prevalence estimates ranged from 16.0% (95% CrI: 0.3%–87.8%) when using a cut-off of 5% to 3.9% (0.2%–12.7%) at 13. More informative prevalence priors led to narrower credible intervals, but the observed data was still in accordance with a wide range of possible MDD prevalence estimates.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Regardless of the cutoff and the prevalence prior chosen, prevalence estimation of major depressive disorders in the NHANES based on the PHQ-9 is imprecise.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":50310,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Methods in Psychiatric Research","volume":"34 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/mpr.70019","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143762096","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Inverse probability weighting is a fundamental and general methodology for estimating the causal effects of exposures and interventions, but standard approaches to constructing such weights are often suboptimal.
Methods
In this paper, we describe a recent approach for constructing such weights that directly balances covariates while optimizing the stability of the resulting weighting estimator.
Results
To illustrate the use of this approach in mental health research, we present an exploratory study of the effects of exposure to violence on the risk of suicide attempt.
Conclusions
The direct balancing approach to weighting should be given strong consideration in empirical research due to its robustness and transparency in building weighting estimators.
{"title":"IJMPR Didactic Paper: Weighting for Causal Inference in Mental Health Research","authors":"Eric R. Cohn, José R. Zubizarreta","doi":"10.1002/mpr.70018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/mpr.70018","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Inverse probability weighting is a fundamental and general methodology for estimating the causal effects of exposures and interventions, but standard approaches to constructing such weights are often suboptimal.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In this paper, we describe a recent approach for constructing such weights that directly balances covariates while optimizing the stability of the resulting weighting estimator.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To illustrate the use of this approach in mental health research, we present an exploratory study of the effects of exposure to violence on the risk of suicide attempt.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The direct balancing approach to weighting should be given strong consideration in empirical research due to its robustness and transparency in building weighting estimators.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":50310,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Methods in Psychiatric Research","volume":"34 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/mpr.70018","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143741006","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study assessed the psychometric properties of the Smartphone Application-Based Addiction Scale (SABAS) among Chinese primary school students, focusing on validity, reliability, and factor structure using Item Response Theory (IRT) and Network Analysis (NA).
Methods
Data were collected from 1108 primary school students in China (52.98% female; ages 7–14 years; M = 10.58, SD = 0.99). SABAS was assessed using Item Response Theory (IRT) for factor structure, item parameters, cut-off scores, and reliability, while Differential Item Functioning (DIF) detected gender biases. Network Analysis (NA) examined the interrelationships among SABAS items.
Results
Confirmatory factor analysis supported SABAS's unidimensional structure (RMSEA = 0.055, CFI = 0.984, TLI = 0.973, SRMR = 0.025). IRT indicated high item discrimination (α = 1.47–2.47) and identified a cut-off score of 27, classifying 1.7% of students as high-risk for problematic smartphone use. Gender DIF was noted in item 6, with boys showing higher relapse tendencies (p < 0.05). NA highlighted the centrality of tolerance and withdrawal items.
Conclusions
SABAS is a reliable tool for assessing problematic smartphone use in Chinese primary school students, particularly those at moderate to high risk.
{"title":"Evaluating Problematic Smartphone Use Among Chinese Primary School Students Using SABAS: An IRT and Network Analysis","authors":"Siyang Liu, Qian Chen, Jiayang Li, Yimeng Zhu, Xiaorong Guo, Xin Zhao","doi":"10.1002/mpr.70016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/mpr.70016","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study assessed the psychometric properties of the Smartphone Application-Based Addiction Scale (SABAS) among Chinese primary school students, focusing on validity, reliability, and factor structure using Item Response Theory (IRT) and Network Analysis (NA).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Data were collected from 1108 primary school students in China (52.98% female; ages 7–14 years; <i>M</i> = 10.58, SD = 0.99). SABAS was assessed using Item Response Theory (IRT) for factor structure, item parameters, cut-off scores, and reliability, while Differential Item Functioning (DIF) detected gender biases. Network Analysis (NA) examined the interrelationships among SABAS items.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Confirmatory factor analysis supported SABAS's unidimensional structure (RMSEA = 0.055, CFI = 0.984, TLI = 0.973, SRMR = 0.025). IRT indicated high item discrimination (<i>α</i> = 1.47–2.47) and identified a cut-off score of 27, classifying 1.7% of students as high-risk for problematic smartphone use. Gender DIF was noted in item 6, with boys showing higher relapse tendencies (<i>p</i> < 0.05). NA highlighted the centrality of tolerance and withdrawal items.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>SABAS is a reliable tool for assessing problematic smartphone use in Chinese primary school students, particularly those at moderate to high risk.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":50310,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Methods in Psychiatric Research","volume":"34 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/mpr.70016","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143741008","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Camille André, Pierre Sauton, Méléna Dreinaza, Momar Diouf, Sandra Bodeau, Margaret Martinetti, Raphaël Trouillet, Clara de Groote, Jean-Louis Nandrino, Adèle Alexandre, Farid Benzerouk, Fabien Gierski, Pascal Perney, Laure Grellet, Judith André, Mickael Naassila
Objective
The purpose of this paper is to describe a study protocol of a clinical trial exploring the effectiveness of the new mobile application MyDéfi proposing personalized feedback, on both alcohol consumption and quality of life, as well as the blood alcohol exposure biomarker phosphatidylethanol, in university students displaying binge drinking behavior.
Methods
This prospective national multicentric randomized, two-arm (1:1), double-blind controlled trial will recruit 628 students (aged 18–25 years) with binge drinking behavior. Participants will be randomized in the “intervention” group (personalized feedback) or the “control” group (generic feedback) and will undergo four monthly visits. Monthly dried blood spot sample for measuring phosphatidylethanol concentration and online questionnaires will be collected. Our primary objective is to assess the reduction weekly standard drinks, through self-report gathered via MyDéfi. Secondary objectives will evaluate the application's impact on the dosage of phosphatidylethanol blood concentration and on quality of life”.
Results
Recruitment started in March 2024 and will end in March 2026.
Conclusion
This study aims to determine the effectiveness of two versions of the same mobile application (generic vs. personalized feedback) on alcohol consumption in students displaying binge drinking behavior. The effectiveness of the application will be measured, with a secondary objective of quantifying phosphatidylethanol. Our study will open new perspectives on the use of digital interventions for students who do not actively seek treatment.
Trial Registration
Trial registration number (NCT06084832), the date of registration (10th October 2023) and when this was done (16th October 2023). https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT06084832
{"title":"Effect of the MyDéfi Smartphone Application on Binge Drinking Among University Students: Protocol of a Double-Blind Multicenter Prospective National Randomized Controlled Trial Using Phosphatidylethanol as a Biomarker—The SMARTBINGE Trial","authors":"Camille André, Pierre Sauton, Méléna Dreinaza, Momar Diouf, Sandra Bodeau, Margaret Martinetti, Raphaël Trouillet, Clara de Groote, Jean-Louis Nandrino, Adèle Alexandre, Farid Benzerouk, Fabien Gierski, Pascal Perney, Laure Grellet, Judith André, Mickael Naassila","doi":"10.1002/mpr.70014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/mpr.70014","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The purpose of this paper is to describe a study protocol of a clinical trial exploring the effectiveness of the new mobile application MyDéfi proposing personalized feedback, on both alcohol consumption and quality of life, as well as the blood alcohol exposure biomarker phosphatidylethanol, in university students displaying binge drinking behavior.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This prospective national multicentric randomized, two-arm (1:1), double-blind controlled trial will recruit 628 students (aged 18–25 years) with binge drinking behavior. Participants will be randomized in the “intervention” group (personalized feedback) or the “control” group (generic feedback) and will undergo four monthly visits. Monthly dried blood spot sample for measuring phosphatidylethanol concentration and online questionnaires will be collected. Our primary objective is to assess the reduction weekly standard drinks, through self-report gathered via MyDéfi. Secondary objectives will evaluate the application's impact on the dosage of phosphatidylethanol blood concentration and on quality of life”.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Recruitment started in March 2024 and will end in March 2026.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study aims to determine the effectiveness of two versions of the same mobile application (generic vs. personalized feedback) on alcohol consumption in students displaying binge drinking behavior. The effectiveness of the application will be measured, with a secondary objective of quantifying phosphatidylethanol. Our study will open new perspectives on the use of digital interventions for students who do not actively seek treatment.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Trial Registration</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Trial registration number (NCT06084832), the date of registration (10th October 2023) and when this was done (16th October 2023). https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT06084832</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":50310,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Methods in Psychiatric Research","volume":"34 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/mpr.70014","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143741009","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nur Hani Zainal, Corina Benjet, Yesica Albor, Mauricio Nuñez-Delgado, Renato Zambrano-Cruz, Carlos C. Contreras-Ibáñez, Lorena Cudris-Torres, Francisco R. de la Peña, Noé González, José Benjamín Guerrero-López, Raúl A. Gutierrez-Garcia, Ana Lucía Jiménez-Peréz, Maria Elena Medina-Mora, Pamela Patiño, Pim Cuijpers, Sarah M. Gildea, Alan E. Kazdin, Chris J. Kennedy, Alex Luedtke, Nancy A. Sampson, Maria V. Petukhova, Jose R. Zubizarreta, Ronald C. Kessler
Background
Heterogeneity of treatment effects (HTEs) can occur because of either differential treatment compliance or differential treatment effectiveness. This distinction is important, as it has action implications, but it is unclear how to distinguish these two possibilities statistically in precision treatment analysis given that compliance is not observed until after randomization. We review available statistical methods and illustrate a recommended method in secondary analysis in a trial focused on HTE.
Methods
The trial randomized n = 880 anxious and/or depressed university students to guided internet-delivered cognitive behavioral therapy (i-CBT) or treatment-as-usual (TAU) and evaluated joint remission. Previously reported analyses documented superiority of i-CBT but significant HTE. In the reanalysis reported here, we used baseline (i.e., pre-randomization) covariates to predict compliance among participants randomized to guided i-CBT, generated a cross-validated within-person expected compliance score based on this model in both intervention groups, and then used this expected composite score as a predictor in an expanded HTE analysis.
Results
The significant intervention effect was limited to participants with high expected compliance. Residual HTE was nonsignificant.
Conclusions
Future psychotherapy HTE trials should routinely develop and include expected compliance composite scores to distinguish the effects of differential treatment compliance from the effects of differential treatment effectiveness.
{"title":"Statistical methods to adjust for the effects on intervention compliance in randomized clinical trials where precision treatment rules are being developed","authors":"Nur Hani Zainal, Corina Benjet, Yesica Albor, Mauricio Nuñez-Delgado, Renato Zambrano-Cruz, Carlos C. Contreras-Ibáñez, Lorena Cudris-Torres, Francisco R. de la Peña, Noé González, José Benjamín Guerrero-López, Raúl A. Gutierrez-Garcia, Ana Lucía Jiménez-Peréz, Maria Elena Medina-Mora, Pamela Patiño, Pim Cuijpers, Sarah M. Gildea, Alan E. Kazdin, Chris J. Kennedy, Alex Luedtke, Nancy A. Sampson, Maria V. Petukhova, Jose R. Zubizarreta, Ronald C. Kessler","doi":"10.1002/mpr.70005","DOIUrl":"10.1002/mpr.70005","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Heterogeneity of treatment effects (HTEs) can occur because of either differential treatment compliance or differential treatment effectiveness. This distinction is important, as it has action implications, but it is unclear how to distinguish these two possibilities statistically in precision treatment analysis given that compliance is not observed until after randomization. We review available statistical methods and illustrate a recommended method in secondary analysis in a trial focused on HTE.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The trial randomized <i>n</i> = 880 anxious and/or depressed university students to guided internet-delivered cognitive behavioral therapy (i-CBT) or treatment-as-usual (TAU) and evaluated joint remission. Previously reported analyses documented superiority of i-CBT but significant HTE. In the reanalysis reported here, we used baseline (i.e., pre-randomization) covariates to predict compliance among participants randomized to guided i-CBT, generated a cross-validated within-person expected compliance score based on this model in <i>both</i> intervention groups, and then used this expected composite score as a predictor in an expanded HTE analysis.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The significant intervention effect was limited to participants with high expected compliance. Residual HTE was nonsignificant.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Future psychotherapy HTE trials should routinely develop and include expected compliance composite scores to distinguish the effects of differential treatment compliance from the effects of differential treatment effectiveness.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":50310,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Methods in Psychiatric Research","volume":"34 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11711205/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142958166","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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