Salma Mawfek Khaled, Nour W. Z. Alhussaini, Majid Alabdulla, Nancy A. Sampson, Ronald C. Kessler, Peter W. Woodruff, Sheik Mohammed Al-Thani
Objectives
To estimate lifetime prevalence, risk, and treatment for mental disorders and their correlates in Qatar's general population for the first time.
Methods
We conducted a national phone survey of 5,195 Qatari and Arab residents in Qatar (2019–2022) using the Composite International Diagnostic Interview Version 3.3 and estimated lifetime mood and anxiety defined diagnoses. Survival-based discrete time models, lifetime morbid risk, and treatment projections were estimated.
Results
Lifetime prevalence of any disorder was 28.0% and was associated with younger cohorts, females, and migrants, but lower formal education. Treatment contact in the year of disorder onset were 13.5%. The median delay in receiving treatment was 5 years (IQR = 2–13). Lifetime treatment among those with a lifetime disorder were 59.9% for non-healthcare and 63.5% for healthcare; it was 68.1% for any anxiety and 80.1% for any mood disorder after 50 years of onset. Younger cohorts and later age of onset were significantly predictors of treatment.
Conclusions
Lifetime prevalence of mental disorders in Qatar is comparable to other countries. Treatment is significantly delayed and delivered largely in non-healthcare sectors thus the need for increased literacy of mental illness to reduce stigma and improve earlier help-seeking in healthcare settings.
{"title":"Lifetime prevalence, risk, and treatment of mood and anxiety disorders in Qatar's national mental health study","authors":"Salma Mawfek Khaled, Nour W. Z. Alhussaini, Majid Alabdulla, Nancy A. Sampson, Ronald C. Kessler, Peter W. Woodruff, Sheik Mohammed Al-Thani","doi":"10.1002/mpr.2011","DOIUrl":"10.1002/mpr.2011","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To estimate lifetime prevalence, risk, and treatment for mental disorders and their correlates in Qatar's general population for the first time.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We conducted a national phone survey of 5,195 Qatari and Arab residents in Qatar (2019–2022) using the Composite International Diagnostic Interview Version 3.3 and estimated lifetime mood and anxiety defined diagnoses. Survival-based discrete time models, lifetime morbid risk, and treatment projections were estimated.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Lifetime prevalence of any disorder was 28.0% and was associated with younger cohorts, females, and migrants, but lower formal education. Treatment contact in the year of disorder onset were 13.5%. The median delay in receiving treatment was 5 years (IQR = 2–13). Lifetime treatment among those with a lifetime disorder were 59.9% for non-healthcare and 63.5% for healthcare; it was 68.1% for any anxiety and 80.1% for any mood disorder after 50 years of onset. Younger cohorts and later age of onset were significantly predictors of treatment.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Lifetime prevalence of mental disorders in Qatar is comparable to other countries. Treatment is significantly delayed and delivered largely in non-healthcare sectors thus the need for increased literacy of mental illness to reduce stigma and improve earlier help-seeking in healthcare settings.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":50310,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Methods in Psychiatric Research","volume":"33 S1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/mpr.2011","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140898573","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Salma M. Khaled, Iman Amro, Lina Bader, John Lee Holmes, Kien Le Trung, Abdoulaye Diop
Objectives
The World Mental Health Qatar (WMHQ) study, the first national general population mental health survey in Qatar, was conducted as part of the World Health Organization (WHO) World Mental Health (WMH) Survey Initiative. It was one of the few WMH survey conducted during the COVID-19 pandemic. This paper presents the methodological advances and challenges encountered while conducting the survey by telephone during the pandemic.
Methods
Disproportionate stratified sampling using a national-level cellular telephone frame selected a representative sample of Arabic-speaking adults. Participants were initially contacted via Short Message Service text, followed by telephone interviews. WMH training materials supported a comprehensive training program, and data quality was ensured through a quality control indicator system and extensive monitoring.
Results
Over 234 days, 5195 interviews in Arabic were completed, averaging 77 min each. In line with Qatar's population, the majority of participants were non-Qatari residents living in Qatar (72.2%).
Conclusions
A distributed remote Computer Assisted Telephone Interviewing system facilitated centralized quality monitoring and data security. However, the pandemic intensified challenges such as remote management of interviewer productivity, low response rates, and rising survey costs. The findings will inform Qatar's mental health policymakers, and the strategies used to address these challenges offer valuable insights for researchers worldwide.
{"title":"Qatar's National Mental Health Survey—The World Mental Health Qatar: Sampling design, instrument adaptation, quality control, and fielding procedures","authors":"Salma M. Khaled, Iman Amro, Lina Bader, John Lee Holmes, Kien Le Trung, Abdoulaye Diop","doi":"10.1002/mpr.2010","DOIUrl":"10.1002/mpr.2010","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The World Mental Health Qatar (WMHQ) study, the first national general population mental health survey in Qatar, was conducted as part of the World Health Organization (WHO) World Mental Health (WMH) Survey Initiative. It was one of the few WMH survey conducted during the COVID-19 pandemic. This paper presents the methodological advances and challenges encountered while conducting the survey by telephone during the pandemic.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Disproportionate stratified sampling using a national-level cellular telephone frame selected a representative sample of Arabic-speaking adults. Participants were initially contacted via Short Message Service text, followed by telephone interviews. WMH training materials supported a comprehensive training program, and data quality was ensured through a quality control indicator system and extensive monitoring.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Over 234 days, 5195 interviews in Arabic were completed, averaging 77 min each. In line with Qatar's population, the majority of participants were non-Qatari residents living in Qatar (72.2%).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A distributed remote Computer Assisted Telephone Interviewing system facilitated centralized quality monitoring and data security. However, the pandemic intensified challenges such as remote management of interviewer productivity, low response rates, and rising survey costs. The findings will inform Qatar's mental health policymakers, and the strategies used to address these challenges offer valuable insights for researchers worldwide.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":50310,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Methods in Psychiatric Research","volume":"33 S1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/mpr.2010","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140898824","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Salma M. Khaled, Iman Amro, Menatalla Abdelkader, Dalia Al Bahari, Mahmoud Al Shawwaf, Majid Alabdulla, Ahmed Alhassan, Amal Ali, Sheeren Aly, Asmaa Amin, Wai Tat Chiu, James Currie, Hana El Fakki, Michael B. First, Mohammed H. O. Hassan, Zainab Hijawi, Rumaisa Mohammed, Marwa Nofal, Salma Salman, Nancy A. Sampson, Peter W. Woodruff, Ronald C. Kessler
<div> <section> <h3> Objectives</h3> <p>Lifetime DSM-5 diagnoses generated by the lay-administered Composite International Diagnostic Interview for DSM-5 (CIDI) in the World Mental Health Qatar (WMHQ) study were compared to diagnoses based on blinded clinician-administered reappraisal interviews.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Methods</h3> <p>Telephone follow-up interviews used the non-patient edition of the Structured Clinician Interview for DSM-5 (SCID) oversampling respondents who screened positive for five diagnoses in the CIDI: major depressive episode, mania/hypomania, panic disorder, generalized anxiety disorder, and obsessive-compulsive disorder. Concordance was also examined for a diagnoses of post-traumatic stress disorder based on a short-form versus full version of the PTSD Checklist for DSM-5 (PCL-5).</p> </section> <section> <h3> Results</h3> <p>Initial CIDI prevalence estimates differed significantly from the SCID for most diagnoses (<span></span><math> <semantics> <mrow> <msubsup> <mi>χ</mi> <mn>1</mn> <mn>2</mn> </msubsup> </mrow> <annotation> ${chi }_{1}^{2}$</annotation> </semantics></math> = 6.6–31.4, <i>p</i> = 0.010 < 0.001), but recalibration reduced most of these differences and led to consistent increases in individual-level concordance (AU-ROC) from 0.53–0.76 to 0.67–0.81. Recalibration of the short-form PCL-5 removed an initially significant difference in PTSD prevalence with the full PCL-5 (from <span></span><math> <semantics> <mrow> <msubsup> <mi>χ</mi> <mn>1</mn> <mn>2</mn> </msubsup> </mrow> <annotation> ${chi }_{1}^{2}$</annotation> </semantics></math> = 610.5, <i>p</i> < 0.001 to <span></span><math> <semantics> <mrow> <msubsup> <mi>χ</mi> <mn>1</mn> <mn>2</mn> </msubsup> </mrow> <annotation> ${chi }_{1}^{2}$</annotation> </semantics></math> = 2.5, <i>p</i> = 0.110) while also increasing AU-ROC from 0.76 to 0.81.</p> </section>
{"title":"Clinical reappraisal of the composite international diagnostic interview version 3.3 in Qatar's National Mental Health Study","authors":"Salma M. Khaled, Iman Amro, Menatalla Abdelkader, Dalia Al Bahari, Mahmoud Al Shawwaf, Majid Alabdulla, Ahmed Alhassan, Amal Ali, Sheeren Aly, Asmaa Amin, Wai Tat Chiu, James Currie, Hana El Fakki, Michael B. First, Mohammed H. O. Hassan, Zainab Hijawi, Rumaisa Mohammed, Marwa Nofal, Salma Salman, Nancy A. Sampson, Peter W. Woodruff, Ronald C. Kessler","doi":"10.1002/mpr.2013","DOIUrl":"10.1002/mpr.2013","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Lifetime DSM-5 diagnoses generated by the lay-administered Composite International Diagnostic Interview for DSM-5 (CIDI) in the World Mental Health Qatar (WMHQ) study were compared to diagnoses based on blinded clinician-administered reappraisal interviews.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Telephone follow-up interviews used the non-patient edition of the Structured Clinician Interview for DSM-5 (SCID) oversampling respondents who screened positive for five diagnoses in the CIDI: major depressive episode, mania/hypomania, panic disorder, generalized anxiety disorder, and obsessive-compulsive disorder. Concordance was also examined for a diagnoses of post-traumatic stress disorder based on a short-form versus full version of the PTSD Checklist for DSM-5 (PCL-5).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Initial CIDI prevalence estimates differed significantly from the SCID for most diagnoses (<span></span><math>\u0000 <semantics>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <msubsup>\u0000 <mi>χ</mi>\u0000 <mn>1</mn>\u0000 <mn>2</mn>\u0000 </msubsup>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 <annotation> ${chi }_{1}^{2}$</annotation>\u0000 </semantics></math> = 6.6–31.4, <i>p</i> = 0.010 < 0.001), but recalibration reduced most of these differences and led to consistent increases in individual-level concordance (AU-ROC) from 0.53–0.76 to 0.67–0.81. Recalibration of the short-form PCL-5 removed an initially significant difference in PTSD prevalence with the full PCL-5 (from <span></span><math>\u0000 <semantics>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <msubsup>\u0000 <mi>χ</mi>\u0000 <mn>1</mn>\u0000 <mn>2</mn>\u0000 </msubsup>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 <annotation> ${chi }_{1}^{2}$</annotation>\u0000 </semantics></math> = 610.5, <i>p</i> < 0.001 to <span></span><math>\u0000 <semantics>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <msubsup>\u0000 <mi>χ</mi>\u0000 <mn>1</mn>\u0000 <mn>2</mn>\u0000 </msubsup>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 <annotation> ${chi }_{1}^{2}$</annotation>\u0000 </semantics></math> = 2.5, <i>p</i> = 0.110) while also increasing AU-ROC from 0.76 to 0.81.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 ","PeriodicalId":50310,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Methods in Psychiatric Research","volume":"33 S1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/mpr.2013","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140898275","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Salma Mawfek Khaled, Majid Al-Abdulla, Iain Tulley, Sheik Mohammed Al-Thani, Peter W. Woodruff
Background
We provide an overview of Qatar's first epidemiological study on prevalence, predictors, and treatment contact for mood and anxiety disorders.
Aims
We highlight the importance of the three-pronged study, its aims, and its key components.
Materials & Methods
The first component comprised a probability-based representative survey of Qatari and non-Qatari (Arab) adult males and females recruited from the general population and interviewed using the International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI version 3.3). The second component, a clinical reappraisal study, assessed concordance between diagnoses based on the CIDI and independent clinical assessments conducted by trained clinical interviewers. The third component comprised a resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging study of healthy survey respondents who were matched to patients with psychosis.
Results
5000 survey interviews provided data on prevalence and treatment of common mental disorders. Clinical re-interviews (N = 485) provided important diagnostic validity data. Finally, state-of-the art structural and functional brain markers for psychosis were also collected (N = 100).
Discussion
Descriptive epidemiological data were collected to inform future mental health priorities in Qatar and situates these within a global context.
Conclusion
The study fills important gaps in regional and global estimates and establish necessary baseline to develop comprehensive risk estimates for mental health in Qatar’s young population.
{"title":"Qatar's National Mental Health Study—The World Mental Health Qatar","authors":"Salma Mawfek Khaled, Majid Al-Abdulla, Iain Tulley, Sheik Mohammed Al-Thani, Peter W. Woodruff","doi":"10.1002/mpr.2008","DOIUrl":"10.1002/mpr.2008","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We provide an overview of Qatar's first epidemiological study on prevalence, predictors, and treatment contact for mood and anxiety disorders.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aims</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We highlight the importance of the three-pronged study, its aims, and its key components.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Materials & Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The first component comprised a probability-based representative survey of Qatari and non-Qatari (Arab) adult males and females recruited from the general population and interviewed using the International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI version 3.3). The second component, a clinical reappraisal study, assessed concordance between diagnoses based on the CIDI and independent clinical assessments conducted by trained clinical interviewers. The third component comprised a resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging study of healthy survey respondents who were matched to patients with psychosis.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>5000 survey interviews provided data on prevalence and treatment of common mental disorders. Clinical re-interviews (<i>N</i> = 485) provided important diagnostic validity data. Finally, state-of-the art structural and functional brain markers for psychosis were also collected (<i>N</i> = 100).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Discussion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Descriptive epidemiological data were collected to inform future mental health priorities in Qatar and situates these within a global context.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The study fills important gaps in regional and global estimates and establish necessary baseline to develop comprehensive risk estimates for mental health in Qatar’s young population.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":50310,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Methods in Psychiatric Research","volume":"33 S1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/mpr.2008","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140898855","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Salma M. Khaled, Iman Amro, Lina Bader, John Lee Holmes, Abdoulaye Diop, Kien Le Trung
Objectives
We investigated the feasibility of replacing face-to-face with telephone interviews conducted as part of the World Mental Health Qatar (WMHQ) survey and discuss the main methodological changes across the two pilots that were subsequently implemented in the full-scale WMHQ telephone survey.
Methods
We assessed the net mode effect by comparing the lifetime prevalence estimates of the main mental disorder classes (mood and anxiety disorders) and a number of disorders across the two survey pilots conducted prior to and post-pandemic.
Results
The main differences in terms of methodology for both pilots stemmed from differences in the survey mode, including questionnaire length, study recruitment method, and fielding team size and structure. These factors influenced response rates and costs. However, the lifetime prevalence estimates and other key indicators of survey results did not differ across modes.
Conclusions
Our findings confirm the comparability of data collected via telephone and face-to-face modes, supporting the adoption of telephone surveys for future mental health studies, particularly in the context of pandemics. They also confirm the feasibility of changing or mixing modes depending on field conditions in future psychiatric epidemiological research.
{"title":"Feasibility of replacing face-to-face with telephone interviews for the World Mental Health Qatar survey during the COVID-19 pandemic","authors":"Salma M. Khaled, Iman Amro, Lina Bader, John Lee Holmes, Abdoulaye Diop, Kien Le Trung","doi":"10.1002/mpr.2009","DOIUrl":"10.1002/mpr.2009","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We investigated the feasibility of replacing face-to-face with telephone interviews conducted as part of the World Mental Health Qatar (WMHQ) survey and discuss the main methodological changes across the two pilots that were subsequently implemented in the full-scale WMHQ telephone survey.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We assessed the net mode effect by comparing the lifetime prevalence estimates of the main mental disorder classes (mood and anxiety disorders) and a number of disorders across the two survey pilots conducted prior to and post-pandemic.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The main differences in terms of methodology for both pilots stemmed from differences in the survey mode, including questionnaire length, study recruitment method, and fielding team size and structure. These factors influenced response rates and costs. However, the lifetime prevalence estimates and other key indicators of survey results did not differ across modes.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Our findings confirm the comparability of data collected via telephone and face-to-face modes, supporting the adoption of telephone surveys for future mental health studies, particularly in the context of pandemics. They also confirm the feasibility of changing or mixing modes depending on field conditions in future psychiatric epidemiological research.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":50310,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Methods in Psychiatric Research","volume":"33 S1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/mpr.2009","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140898444","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Salma M. Khaled, Sheik Mohammed Al-Thani, Nancy A. Sampson, Ronald C. Kessler, Peter W. Woodruff, Majid Alabdulla
Objectives
To estimate 12-month prevalence, persistence, severity, and treatment of mental disorders and socio-demographic correlates in Qatar.
Methods
We conducted the first national population-based telephone survey of Arab adults between 2019 and 2022 using the Composite International Diagnostic Interview and estimated 12-month DSM-5 mood and anxiety disorders and their persistence (the proportion of lifetime cases who continue to meet 12-month criteria).
Results
The 12-month prevalence of any disorder was 21.1% (10.4% mild, 38.7% moderate, and 50.9% severe) and was associated with: younger age, female, previously married, and with persistence of any disorder. Persistence was 74.7% (64.0% mood and 75.6% anxiety) and was significantly associated with secondary education or lower. Minimally adequate treatment received among those with any 12-month mental disorder was 10.6% (74.6% in healthcare and 64.6% non-healthcare sectors). Severity and the number of disorders significantly associated with each other and with treatment received (χ2 = 7.24, p = 0.027) including adequate treatment within the mental health specialty sector (χ2 = 21.42, p < 0.001).
Conclusions
Multimorbidity and sociodemographics were associated with 12-month mental disorder. Treatment adequacy in Qatar are comparable to high-income countries. Low treatment contact indicate need for population-wide mental health literacy programes in addition to more accessible and effective mental health services.
{"title":"Twelve-month prevalence, persistence, severity, and treatment of mood and anxiety disorders in Qatar's national mental health study","authors":"Salma M. Khaled, Sheik Mohammed Al-Thani, Nancy A. Sampson, Ronald C. Kessler, Peter W. Woodruff, Majid Alabdulla","doi":"10.1002/mpr.2012","DOIUrl":"10.1002/mpr.2012","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To estimate 12-month prevalence, persistence, severity, and treatment of mental disorders and socio-demographic correlates in Qatar.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We conducted the first national population-based telephone survey of Arab adults between 2019 and 2022 using the Composite International Diagnostic Interview and estimated 12-month DSM-5 mood and anxiety disorders and their persistence (the proportion of lifetime cases who continue to meet 12-month criteria).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The 12-month prevalence of any disorder was 21.1% (10.4% mild, 38.7% moderate, and 50.9% severe) and was associated with: younger age, female, previously married, and with persistence of any disorder. Persistence was 74.7% (64.0% mood and 75.6% anxiety) and was significantly associated with secondary education or lower. Minimally adequate treatment received among those with any 12-month mental disorder was 10.6% (74.6% in healthcare and 64.6% non-healthcare sectors). Severity and the number of disorders significantly associated with each other and with treatment received (<i>χ</i><sup>2</sup> = 7.24, <i>p = </i>0.027) including adequate treatment within the mental health specialty sector (<i>χ</i><sup>2</sup> = 21.42, <i>p < </i>0.001).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Multimorbidity and sociodemographics were associated with 12-month mental disorder. Treatment adequacy in Qatar are comparable to high-income countries. Low treatment contact indicate need for population-wide mental health literacy programes in addition to more accessible and effective mental health services.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":50310,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Methods in Psychiatric Research","volume":"33 S1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/mpr.2012","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140898880","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
To understand mental disorders, we need to describe the patterns of different mental disorders across time and place. There are many different ways to count the frequency of mental disorders (e.g. incidence, 12 months and lifetime prevalence, lifetime morbid risk etc). From a practical perspective, we rely on population-based registers and surveys to enumerate the frequency of mental disorders in the community. Registers can provide a wealth of information, especially if datasets can be linked. However, these registers can be biased. Most registers are designed for administrative needs, and thus often oversample individuals who seek help from health settings or who have more severe disabling disorders. These registers ignore individuals who do not seek help for their mental disorders. To address these biases, community-based surveys provide an important perspective on the mental health of societies (Wang et al., 2011). While surveys also have biases (related to participation rates and recall of past events), they allow health planners and researchers to drill down into important topics related to the causes and consequence of mental disorders. From a planning perspective, it is valuable to have data on duration of untreated disorder, the adequacy of treatment and the participants' perspective of the impact of the disorder on their daily life. From a research perspective, it is important to explore potential risk factors that may have caused the disorder. This includes a range of questions related to exposure to childhood adversity, natural disasters, war and civilian conflict, pandemics and other stressors.
The empirical foundation of mental health epidemiology has been enriched over the last few decades, as more sites have conducted large, well-planned community-based surveys. In particular, the field of psychiatric epidemiology has greatly benefited from the international collaboration under the banner of the WHO World Mental Health (WMH) Surveys (Scott et al., 2018). Design features, survey instruments and analytic strategies have been shared, enhancing workforce skills and enabling, cross-national studies (Kessler et al., 2018). For example, in 2007 data were available from a total of 16 countries on key mental health estimates related to age of onset, lifetime prevalence, and cumulative lifetime risk (Kessler et al., 2007). Sixteen years later, data from 13 additional countries were available (McGrath et al., 2023). The updated study included data from 32 WMH surveys conducted in 29 countries (including 12 low- and middle-income).
With all these new surveys, it would be fair to ask if we still need additional community-based surveys. The answer is simple—yes. Put bluntly, ‘if you don't count it, it doesn't count’ (McGrath et al., 2018). There are still many gaps in the global landscape of mental health epidemiology (Kestel et al., 2022;
{"title":"Closing the gaps in mental health epidemiology—New survey data from Qatar","authors":"John J. McGrath","doi":"10.1002/mpr.2014","DOIUrl":"10.1002/mpr.2014","url":null,"abstract":"<p>To understand mental disorders, we need to describe the patterns of different mental disorders across time and place. There are many different ways to count the frequency of mental disorders (e.g. incidence, 12 months and lifetime prevalence, lifetime morbid risk etc). From a practical perspective, we rely on population-based registers and surveys to enumerate the frequency of mental disorders in the community. Registers can provide a wealth of information, especially if datasets can be linked. However, these registers can be biased. Most registers are designed for administrative needs, and thus often oversample individuals who seek help from health settings or who have more severe disabling disorders. These registers ignore individuals who do not seek help for their mental disorders. To address these biases, community-based surveys provide an important perspective on the mental health of societies (Wang et al., <span>2011</span>). While surveys also have biases (related to participation rates and recall of past events), they allow health planners and researchers to drill down into important topics related to the causes and consequence of mental disorders. From a planning perspective, it is valuable to have data on duration of untreated disorder, the adequacy of treatment and the participants' perspective of the impact of the disorder on their daily life. From a research perspective, it is important to explore potential risk factors that may have caused the disorder. This includes a range of questions related to exposure to childhood adversity, natural disasters, war and civilian conflict, pandemics and other stressors.</p><p>The empirical foundation of mental health epidemiology has been enriched over the last few decades, as more sites have conducted large, well-planned community-based surveys. In particular, the field of psychiatric epidemiology has greatly benefited from the international collaboration under the banner of the WHO World Mental Health (WMH) Surveys (Scott et al., <span>2018</span>). Design features, survey instruments and analytic strategies have been shared, enhancing workforce skills and enabling, cross-national studies (Kessler et al., <span>2018</span>). For example, in 2007 data were available from a total of 16 countries on key mental health estimates related to age of onset, lifetime prevalence, and cumulative lifetime risk (Kessler et al., <span>2007</span>). Sixteen years later, data from 13 additional countries were available (McGrath et al., <span>2023</span>). The updated study included data from 32 WMH surveys conducted in 29 countries (including 12 low- and middle-income).</p><p>With all these new surveys, it would be fair to ask if we still need additional community-based surveys. The answer is simple—yes. Put bluntly, ‘if you don't count it, it doesn't count’ (McGrath et al., <span>2018</span>). There are still many gaps in the global landscape of mental health epidemiology (Kestel et al., <span>2022</span>; ","PeriodicalId":50310,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Methods in Psychiatric Research","volume":"33 S1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/mpr.2014","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140898276","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Alyssa J. Parker, Peyton Brock, Maria Kryza-Lacombe, Margaret Briggs-Gowan, Lea R. Dougherty, Lauren S. Wakschlag, Jillian Lee Wiggins
Objectives
Identification of clinically significant irritability in preschool age is important to implement effective interventions. However, varying informant and measurement methods display distinct patterns. These patterns are associated with concurrent and future mental health concerns. Patterns across multi-informant methods in early-childhood irritability may have clinical utility, identifying risk for impaired psychosocial functioning.
Methods
Using data from the Multidimensional Assessment of Preschoolers Study (N = 425), latent profile analysis identified irritability patterns through the parent-reported Multidimensional Assessment Profile Scales–Temper Loss (MAPS-TL), parent-reported interviewer-rated Preschool Age Psychiatric Assessment (PAPA), and observer-rated Disruptive Behavior Diagnostic Observation Schedule (DB-DOS). These profiles were characterized on protective factors, global functioning, and mental health syndromes, concurrently and at early school age and preadolescent follow-up.
Results
Fit indices favored a five-class model: Low All, High Observation with Examiner (high DB-DOS Examiner Context), High All, High Parent Report (high MAPS-TL/PAPA), and Very High Parent Report (very high MAPS-TL/PAPA). Whereas Low All and High Observation with Examiner exhibited strong psychosocial functioning, remaining profiles showed impaired psychosocial functioning, with the Very High Parent Report group showing higher impairment at follow-ups, ds = 0.37–1.25.
Conclusions
Multi-informant measurements of irritability may have utility for clinical prediction, and future studies should test utility for diagnostic precision.
{"title":"What I see, what you say: How cross-method variation sharpens characterization of irritability in early childhood","authors":"Alyssa J. Parker, Peyton Brock, Maria Kryza-Lacombe, Margaret Briggs-Gowan, Lea R. Dougherty, Lauren S. Wakschlag, Jillian Lee Wiggins","doi":"10.1002/mpr.2019","DOIUrl":"10.1002/mpr.2019","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Identification of clinically significant irritability in preschool age is important to implement effective interventions. However, varying informant and measurement methods display distinct patterns. These patterns are associated with concurrent and future mental health concerns. Patterns across multi-informant methods in early-childhood irritability may have clinical utility, identifying risk for impaired psychosocial functioning.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Using data from the Multidimensional Assessment of Preschoolers Study (<i>N</i> = 425), latent profile analysis identified irritability patterns through the parent-reported Multidimensional Assessment Profile Scales–Temper Loss (MAPS-TL), parent-reported interviewer-rated Preschool Age Psychiatric Assessment (PAPA), and observer-rated Disruptive Behavior Diagnostic Observation Schedule (DB-DOS). These profiles were characterized on protective factors, global functioning, and mental health syndromes, concurrently and at early school age and preadolescent follow-up.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Fit indices favored a five-class model: Low All, High Observation with Examiner (high DB-DOS Examiner Context), High All, High Parent Report (high MAPS-TL/PAPA), and Very High Parent Report (very high MAPS-TL/PAPA). Whereas Low All and High Observation with Examiner exhibited strong psychosocial functioning, remaining profiles showed impaired psychosocial functioning, with the Very High Parent Report group showing higher impairment at follow-ups, <i>d</i>s = 0.37–1.25.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Multi-informant measurements of irritability may have utility for clinical prediction, and future studies should test utility for diagnostic precision.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":50310,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Methods in Psychiatric Research","volume":"33 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/mpr.2019","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140121293","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Olof Molander, Peter Wennberg, Nicki A. Dowling, Anne H. Berman
Objectives
The Gambling Disorder Identification Test (GDIT) is a recently developed self-report measure. The GDIT includes items with multiple response options that are either based on frequency or time, and item response theory evaluations of these could yield vital knowledge on its measurement performance.
Methods
The GDIT was evaluated using Rasch analysis in a study involving 597 Swedish gamblers.
Results
In a three-dimensional Rasch model, the item response difficulty range extended from −1.88 to 4.06 and increased with higher time- and frequency-based responses. Differential item functioning showed that some GDIT items displayed age and gender-related differences. Additionally, person-separation reliability indicated the GDIT could reliably be divided into three to four diagnostic levels.
Conclusions
The frequency- and time-based item response options of the GDIT offer excellent measurement, allowing for elaborate assessment across both lower and higher gambling severity. The GDIT can be used to detect DSM-5 Gambling Disorder, thereby holding significance from both epidemiological and clinical standpoints. Notably, the 3-item GDIT Gambling Behavior subscale also shows potential as a brief screening tool for identifying at-risk gambling behavior.
{"title":"Assessing gambling disorder using frequency- and time-based response options: A Rasch analysis of the gambling disorder identification test","authors":"Olof Molander, Peter Wennberg, Nicki A. Dowling, Anne H. Berman","doi":"10.1002/mpr.2018","DOIUrl":"10.1002/mpr.2018","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The Gambling Disorder Identification Test (GDIT) is a recently developed self-report measure. The GDIT includes items with multiple response options that are either based on frequency or time, and item response theory evaluations of these could yield vital knowledge on its measurement performance.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The GDIT was evaluated using Rasch analysis in a study involving 597 Swedish gamblers.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In a three-dimensional Rasch model, the item response difficulty range extended from −1.88 to 4.06 and increased with higher time- and frequency-based responses. Differential item functioning showed that some GDIT items displayed age and gender-related differences. Additionally, person-separation reliability indicated the GDIT could reliably be divided into three to four diagnostic levels.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The frequency- and time-based item response options of the GDIT offer excellent measurement, allowing for elaborate assessment across both lower and higher gambling severity. The GDIT can be used to detect DSM-5 Gambling Disorder, thereby holding significance from both epidemiological and clinical standpoints. Notably, the 3-item GDIT Gambling Behavior subscale also shows potential as a brief screening tool for identifying at-risk gambling behavior.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":50310,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Methods in Psychiatric Research","volume":"33 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/mpr.2018","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140112138","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Kristin Ytreland, Jo Magne Ingul, Stian Lydersen, Marie Bee Hui Yap, Wan Hua Sim, Anne Mari Sund, Elisabeth Valmyr Bania
Objectives
Parents play a pivotal role in child development and several parental factors have been identified as risk or protective factors for childhood anxiety and depression. To assess and target these parental factors in interventions, there is a need for a comprehensive, easy-to-use instrument.
Method
This study aimed to investigate the psychometric properties of an adapted version of the Parenting to Reduce Child Anxiety and Depression Scale, PaRCADS(N) in a Norwegian community sample (N = 163) of parents of children aged 8–12 years.
Results
Our findings indicate that PaRCADS(N) has acceptable psychometric properties. These results are comparable to those of the original study of the PaRCADS in Australia.
Conclusion
Based on these results, we recommend that PaRCADS(N) can be utilized by health care workers as a tool for assessment and identification of parental practices related to child anxiety and/or depression to target relevant risk and protective factors in treatment and prevention.
{"title":"Investigating the psychometric properties of PaRCADS—Parenting to Reduce Child Anxiety and Depression Scale in a Norwegian sample","authors":"Kristin Ytreland, Jo Magne Ingul, Stian Lydersen, Marie Bee Hui Yap, Wan Hua Sim, Anne Mari Sund, Elisabeth Valmyr Bania","doi":"10.1002/mpr.2017","DOIUrl":"10.1002/mpr.2017","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Parents play a pivotal role in child development and several parental factors have been identified as risk or protective factors for childhood anxiety and depression. To assess and target these parental factors in interventions, there is a need for a comprehensive, easy-to-use instrument.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Method</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study aimed to investigate the psychometric properties of an adapted version of the Parenting to Reduce Child Anxiety and Depression Scale, PaRCADS(N) in a Norwegian community sample (<i>N</i> = 163) of parents of children aged 8–12 years.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Our findings indicate that PaRCADS(N) has acceptable psychometric properties. These results are comparable to those of the original study of the PaRCADS in Australia.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Based on these results, we recommend that PaRCADS(N) can be utilized by health care workers as a tool for assessment and identification of parental practices related to child anxiety and/or depression to target relevant risk and protective factors in treatment and prevention.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":50310,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Methods in Psychiatric Research","volume":"33 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-03-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/mpr.2017","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140066163","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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