Pub Date : 2021-07-01DOI: 10.6890/IJGE.202107_15(3).0008
Do-Youn Lee, Seong-Gil Kim
{"title":"The Association between Pulmonary Function and Metabolic Syndrome in Koreans: A Cross-Sectional Study","authors":"Do-Youn Lee, Seong-Gil Kim","doi":"10.6890/IJGE.202107_15(3).0008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6890/IJGE.202107_15(3).0008","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50321,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Gerontology","volume":"14 1","pages":"228-232"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78831089","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-01DOI: 10.6890/IJGE.202107_15(3).0020
M. Wong, Min-Po Ho
{"title":"Fournier's Gangrene in an Older Patient","authors":"M. Wong, Min-Po Ho","doi":"10.6890/IJGE.202107_15(3).0020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6890/IJGE.202107_15(3).0020","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50321,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Gerontology","volume":"27 1","pages":"286-286"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86191760","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-01DOI: 10.6890/IJGE.202107_15(3).0011
Li Kai Huang, Shu-Ping Chao, Mei Ju Chuang, Yao-Tung Lee, Chia-Pei Lin, Y. Kuan, Y. Hsieh, Chaur-Jong Hu, Yao Mao Chang
{"title":"Improving cognitive function in older adults through Mental Abacus Training: A Single-Arm Pilot Study","authors":"Li Kai Huang, Shu-Ping Chao, Mei Ju Chuang, Yao-Tung Lee, Chia-Pei Lin, Y. Kuan, Y. Hsieh, Chaur-Jong Hu, Yao Mao Chang","doi":"10.6890/IJGE.202107_15(3).0011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6890/IJGE.202107_15(3).0011","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50321,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Gerontology","volume":"255 1","pages":"247-250"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76884966","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-01DOI: 10.6890/IJGE.202107_15(3).0017
Hiromasa Inoue, Nobuko Kawabe, Yoshiro Tsuji, S. Ishino, Yasukazu Katsumi
{"title":"Investigation of an Elder Abuse Case in a Convalescent Rehabilitation Ward","authors":"Hiromasa Inoue, Nobuko Kawabe, Yoshiro Tsuji, S. Ishino, Yasukazu Katsumi","doi":"10.6890/IJGE.202107_15(3).0017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6890/IJGE.202107_15(3).0017","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50321,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Gerontology","volume":"14 1","pages":"278-280"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82248618","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-01DOI: 10.6890/IJGE.202107_15(3).0016
YuJiao Sun, Jinyang Li, Ling Chen, Shijie Zhao, Liye Shi, Haiyan Zhang, W. Tian, G. Qi
Background: The change of thyroid hormones with age may partially explain the effect of age on coronary artery disease (CAD). However, the effects of thyroid hormones within the normal range on CAD in different age were unkown. Aims: To evaluate the relationships between thyroid hormones within the normal range and CAD in different age groups. Methods: 769 individuals were enrolled. Individuals were divided into two groups according to their age: < 60 years and ≥ 60 years. Free triiodothyronine (FT3), free thyroxine (FT4) and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH)were compared between CAD and non-CAD group. The associations of FT3, FT4 and TSH with CAD in different age groups were evaluated by logistic regression analyses. Results: The levels of FT4 were significantly higher in CAD than non-CAD group of total (13.75 ± 2.46 vs. 12.90 ± 1.58 pmol/l, p = 0.003) and ≥ 60Y (13.83 ± 2.73 vs. 12.69 ± 1.47 pmol/l, p = 0.041). The incidences of CAD were significantly higher in the fourth quartile than the first quartile of FT4 in total (7.2% vs. 2.1%, p = 0.017) and ≥ 60Y (14.5% vs. 4.3%, p = 0.041). FT4was the independent risk factor for CAD in ≥ 60Y and total people by univariate and multivariate analyses (all p < 0.05). No associations were found between FT3, TSH and CAD in different age groups. Conclusions: FT4 within the normal range was associated with CAD in ≥ 60Y and total people, but not FT3 and TSH. The relationship between FT4 within the normal range and CAD may be affected by age.
背景:甲状腺激素随年龄的变化可能部分解释年龄对冠状动脉疾病(CAD)的影响。然而,正常范围内甲状腺激素对不同年龄冠心病的影响尚不清楚。目的:探讨不同年龄组正常范围甲状腺激素水平与冠心病的关系。方法:769人入组。按年龄分为< 60岁和≥60岁两组。比较冠心病组和非冠心病组游离三碘甲状腺原氨酸(FT3)、游离甲状腺素(FT4)和促甲状腺激素(TSH)水平。采用logistic回归分析评价不同年龄组FT3、FT4、TSH与冠心病的相关性。结果:冠心病组总FT4水平显著高于非冠心病组(13.75±2.46∶12.90±1.58 pmol/l, p = 0.003)和≥60Y组(13.83±2.73∶12.69±1.47 pmol/l, p = 0.041)。冠心病的发病率在第4四分位数明显高于FT4的第1四分位数(7.2%比2.1%,p = 0.017)和≥60Y(14.5%比4.3%,p = 0.041)。单因素和多因素分析显示,ft4是60岁及以上人群CAD的独立危险因素(均p < 0.05)。在不同年龄组中,FT3、TSH和CAD之间没有关联。结论:FT4在正常范围内与60岁及以上人群的CAD相关,但FT3和TSH无关。FT4在正常范围内与CAD的关系可能受年龄的影响。
{"title":"Relationships of Thyroid Hormones in the Normal Range to Coronary Artery Disease in Different Age Groups","authors":"YuJiao Sun, Jinyang Li, Ling Chen, Shijie Zhao, Liye Shi, Haiyan Zhang, W. Tian, G. Qi","doi":"10.6890/IJGE.202107_15(3).0016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6890/IJGE.202107_15(3).0016","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The change of thyroid hormones with age may partially explain the effect of age on coronary artery disease (CAD). However, the effects of thyroid hormones within the normal range on CAD in different age were unkown. Aims: To evaluate the relationships between thyroid hormones within the normal range and CAD in different age groups. Methods: 769 individuals were enrolled. Individuals were divided into two groups according to their age: < 60 years and ≥ 60 years. Free triiodothyronine (FT3), free thyroxine (FT4) and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH)were compared between CAD and non-CAD group. The associations of FT3, FT4 and TSH with CAD in different age groups were evaluated by logistic regression analyses. Results: The levels of FT4 were significantly higher in CAD than non-CAD group of total (13.75 ± 2.46 vs. 12.90 ± 1.58 pmol/l, p = 0.003) and ≥ 60Y (13.83 ± 2.73 vs. 12.69 ± 1.47 pmol/l, p = 0.041). The incidences of CAD were significantly higher in the fourth quartile than the first quartile of FT4 in total (7.2% vs. 2.1%, p = 0.017) and ≥ 60Y (14.5% vs. 4.3%, p = 0.041). FT4was the independent risk factor for CAD in ≥ 60Y and total people by univariate and multivariate analyses (all p < 0.05). No associations were found between FT3, TSH and CAD in different age groups. Conclusions: FT4 within the normal range was associated with CAD in ≥ 60Y and total people, but not FT3 and TSH. The relationship between FT4 within the normal range and CAD may be affected by age.","PeriodicalId":50321,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Gerontology","volume":"29 1","pages":"272-277"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79084101","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-01DOI: 10.6890/IJGE.202107_15(3).0007
Aida Abusalehi, Mohammad Vahedian-Shahroodi, H. Esmaily, A. Jafari, Hadi Tehrani
Background: In Iranian culture, transferring old parents to a nursing home is considered unacceptable and a sign of cruelty and heartless of children. This study was conducted to investigate the effect of the educational intervention based on Social Cognitive Theory (SCT) on mental health of the elderly in nursing homes. Methods: This quasi-experimental study was implemented to determine the effect of the educational intervention using social-cognitive theory. The mental health promotion educational program was designed in 8 sessions of 45 min. Data were collected by demographic information questionnaire, mental health questionnaire based on SCT and general health questionnaire (GHQ-28). Data were analyzed by SPSS19, descriptive statistics, chi-square tests, t-test, Mann-Whitney, duplicate data variance, Friedman and general linear model. Results: The result showed that educational intervention in the experiment group led to lower GHQ scores and therefore enhanced mental health (p < 0001). The variance analysis of duplicate data showed a significant difference between mean scores of mental health during the study (p < 0.03) and the effect of educational groups was also significant (p < 0001). Conclusion: As a general conclusion, designing and implementing educational interventions by employing SCT based on individual, environmental and behavioral factors can significantly improve mental health of the elderly.
{"title":"Mental Health Promotion of the Elderly in Nursing Homes: A Social-Cognitive Intervention","authors":"Aida Abusalehi, Mohammad Vahedian-Shahroodi, H. Esmaily, A. Jafari, Hadi Tehrani","doi":"10.6890/IJGE.202107_15(3).0007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6890/IJGE.202107_15(3).0007","url":null,"abstract":"Background: In Iranian culture, transferring old parents to a nursing home is considered unacceptable and a sign of cruelty and heartless of children. This study was conducted to investigate the effect of the educational intervention based on Social Cognitive Theory (SCT) on mental health of the elderly in nursing homes. Methods: This quasi-experimental study was implemented to determine the effect of the educational intervention using social-cognitive theory. The mental health promotion educational program was designed in 8 sessions of 45 min. Data were collected by demographic information questionnaire, mental health questionnaire based on SCT and general health questionnaire (GHQ-28). Data were analyzed by SPSS19, descriptive statistics, chi-square tests, t-test, Mann-Whitney, duplicate data variance, Friedman and general linear model. Results: The result showed that educational intervention in the experiment group led to lower GHQ scores and therefore enhanced mental health (p < 0001). The variance analysis of duplicate data showed a significant difference between mean scores of mental health during the study (p < 0.03) and the effect of educational groups was also significant (p < 0001). Conclusion: As a general conclusion, designing and implementing educational interventions by employing SCT based on individual, environmental and behavioral factors can significantly improve mental health of the elderly.","PeriodicalId":50321,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Gerontology","volume":"15 1","pages":"221-227"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83699757","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-01DOI: 10.6890/IJGE.202107_15(3).0001
Kinga Szabat, Przemysław Hałubiec, Małgorzata Wasko, J. Kenig
The main aim was to review the results of studies investigating individual domains of geriatric assessment (GA), and GA as a whole, among older patients undergoing laparoscopic surgery. A systematic literature search was performed for papers published between 2009 and 2020. Ten studies were evaluated, including 1940 patients. The ADL or the I-ADL, was used in 90% of studies, followed by the GDS (80%), the MMSE (70%), polypharmacy (70%), the MNA(60%), the CCI (50%), the CIRS (20%), the BOMC score (10%) and the Clock Drawing Test (10%). Only dependency in the functional domain could be recognized as a reliable risk factor for postoperative complications in the majority of the studies. All authors have confirmed the effectiveness of a cumulative GA (OR 3.1-6.0). Cumulative GA is recommended to predict the morbidity of the older patient after laparoscopic surgery. For the individual domains (apart from physical function) the results are too inconsistent to reach any clinical conclusion.
{"title":"Effectiveness of Geriatric Assessment in Predicting Postoperative Morbidity after Laparoscopic Surgery in Older Patients: A Systematic Review","authors":"Kinga Szabat, Przemysław Hałubiec, Małgorzata Wasko, J. Kenig","doi":"10.6890/IJGE.202107_15(3).0001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6890/IJGE.202107_15(3).0001","url":null,"abstract":"The main aim was to review the results of studies investigating individual domains of geriatric assessment (GA), and GA as a whole, among older patients undergoing laparoscopic surgery. A systematic literature search was performed for papers published between 2009 and 2020. Ten studies were evaluated, including 1940 patients. The ADL or the I-ADL, was used in 90% of studies, followed by the GDS (80%), the MMSE (70%), polypharmacy (70%), the MNA(60%), the CCI (50%), the CIRS (20%), the BOMC score (10%) and the Clock Drawing Test (10%). Only dependency in the functional domain could be recognized as a reliable risk factor for postoperative complications in the majority of the studies. All authors have confirmed the effectiveness of a cumulative GA (OR 3.1-6.0). Cumulative GA is recommended to predict the morbidity of the older patient after laparoscopic surgery. For the individual domains (apart from physical function) the results are too inconsistent to reach any clinical conclusion.","PeriodicalId":50321,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Gerontology","volume":"229 1","pages":"188-194"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76618937","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-04-01DOI: 10.6890/IJGE.202104_15(2).0020
Yu Kume, H. Ota
The present study aimed to clarify whether a multicomponent exercise program could effectively enhance physical and cognitive performances among community-dwellers in a rural area of northern Japan. Community-dwellers aged 60 years or more participated in an exercise program for 90 min/day, once every 2 weeks for 6 months, according to instructions supervised by a trained occupational therapist and a medical doctor specializing in geriatrics. The exercise program consisted of multitask conditions for cognition and physical performance. Physical and cognitive assessments were completed at baseline and after the 6-month intervention. The physical measurements consisted of body mass index, grip strength and usual walking speed, while the cognitive items included memory, attention, executive function and information processing speed. Fifty-eight participants (mean age, 76.2 years; % female, 82.8%) completed the 6-month follow-up period. Statistically, significant improvements in the usual walking speed (p = 0.0001),word recognition as memory score (p < 0.0001), and information processing speed (p = 0.02) were observed after the intervention. Our study suggests that a multicomponent, dual-task exercise program combining physical exercise and cognitive training could be an effective strategy for enhancing physical and cognitive function among older individuals living in rural areas of Japan.
{"title":"Effect of Multicomponent Dual-Task Exercise Program to Gait Performance, Memory and Information Processing Speed in Older Community-Dwellers","authors":"Yu Kume, H. Ota","doi":"10.6890/IJGE.202104_15(2).0020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6890/IJGE.202104_15(2).0020","url":null,"abstract":"The present study aimed to clarify whether a multicomponent exercise program could effectively enhance physical and cognitive performances among community-dwellers in a rural area of northern Japan. Community-dwellers aged 60 years or more participated in an exercise program for 90 min/day, once every 2 weeks for 6 months, according to instructions supervised by a trained occupational therapist and a medical doctor specializing in geriatrics. The exercise program consisted of multitask conditions for cognition and physical performance. Physical and cognitive assessments were completed at baseline and after the 6-month intervention. The physical measurements consisted of body mass index, grip strength and usual walking speed, while the cognitive items included memory, attention, executive function and information processing speed. Fifty-eight participants (mean age, 76.2 years; % female, 82.8%) completed the 6-month follow-up period. Statistically, significant improvements in the usual walking speed (p = 0.0001),word recognition as memory score (p < 0.0001), and information processing speed (p = 0.02) were observed after the intervention. Our study suggests that a multicomponent, dual-task exercise program combining physical exercise and cognitive training could be an effective strategy for enhancing physical and cognitive function among older individuals living in rural areas of Japan.","PeriodicalId":50321,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Gerontology","volume":"58 1","pages":"183-184"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2021-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90351086","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-04-01DOI: 10.6890/IJGE.202104_15(2).0001
S. Heo, Jin-Hyuck Park
To date, previous meta-analyses reported that computerized cognitive training (CCT) was a clinically beneficial intervention for cognitive function in older adults with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). However, little is known about the efficacy of narrowly defined cognition-specific CCT excluding commercial video games on cognitive function in patients with MCI. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of CCT in older adults with MCI were searched through CINAHL, Embase, Medline, PubMed, and PsychINFO. The overall cognitive domains, global cognitive function, attention, memory, working memory, and executive function were pooled separately for MCI. The overall effect on cognitive function in MCI across 8 trials was moderate (Hedges' g = 0.48, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.003-0.974). There was no significant publication bias. Moderate to large effects were found for global cognitive function, memory, and working memory, with the exception of attention, and executive function. Cognition-specific CCT was beneficial in improving global cognitive function, memory, and working memory in older adults with MCI. Therefore, this intervention warrants long-term trials with a larger number of subjects to investigate the effect on conversion from MCI to dementia.
迄今为止,先前的荟萃分析报道,计算机化认知训练(CCT)对轻度认知障碍(MCI)老年人的认知功能是一种临床有益的干预措施。然而,对于狭义的认知特异性CCT(不包括商业视频游戏)对轻度认知损伤患者认知功能的影响,我们知之甚少。通过CINAHL、Embase、Medline、PubMed和PsychINFO检索了CCT在老年MCI患者中的随机对照试验(RCTs)。MCI的整体认知领域、整体认知功能、注意、记忆、工作记忆和执行功能被单独汇总。8项试验对MCI患者认知功能的总体影响为中等(Hedges' g = 0.48, 95%可信区间(CI) = 0.003-0.974)。没有显著的发表偏倚。除注意力和执行功能外,对整体认知功能、记忆和工作记忆都有中等到较大的影响。认知特异性CCT有助于改善老年MCI患者的整体认知功能、记忆和工作记忆。因此,这种干预措施需要进行大量受试者的长期试验,以研究从轻度认知障碍到痴呆的转化效果。
{"title":"Cognition-Specific Computerized Cognitive Training in Older Adults with Mild Cognitive Impairment: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis","authors":"S. Heo, Jin-Hyuck Park","doi":"10.6890/IJGE.202104_15(2).0001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6890/IJGE.202104_15(2).0001","url":null,"abstract":"To date, previous meta-analyses reported that computerized cognitive training (CCT) was a clinically beneficial intervention for cognitive function in older adults with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). However, little is known about the efficacy of narrowly defined cognition-specific CCT excluding commercial video games on cognitive function in patients with MCI. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of CCT in older adults with MCI were searched through CINAHL, Embase, Medline, PubMed, and PsychINFO. The overall cognitive domains, global cognitive function, attention, memory, working memory, and executive function were pooled separately for MCI. The overall effect on cognitive function in MCI across 8 trials was moderate (Hedges' g = 0.48, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.003-0.974). There was no significant publication bias. Moderate to large effects were found for global cognitive function, memory, and working memory, with the exception of attention, and executive function. Cognition-specific CCT was beneficial in improving global cognitive function, memory, and working memory in older adults with MCI. Therefore, this intervention warrants long-term trials with a larger number of subjects to investigate the effect on conversion from MCI to dementia.","PeriodicalId":50321,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Gerontology","volume":"5 1","pages":"90-96"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2021-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90070363","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}