Pub Date : 2020-11-01DOI: 10.6890/IJGE.202011_14(4).0010
Hungu Jung, R. Tanaka, K. Kiniwa, M. Wada, M. Yamasaki
Background: Reduced lower extremity range of motion (ROM) with aging is related to the frequency of falls in older adults. Therefore, this study developed and assessed a model that considers lower extremity ROM in identifying the frequency of fall in community-dwelling older women. Methods: Seventy-eight community-dwelling older women (mean age ± SD, 70.4 ± 4.6 years; age range, 65-81 years) were recruited in this study. Nine lower extremity ROMs (hip flexion, hip extension, hip abduction, hip adduction, internal and external hip rotation, knee flexion, ankle dorsiflexion, and ankle plantar flexion) were bilaterally measured. The classification and regression tree methodology was used to develop a model that identifies fall experience for the past 12 months. Results: Twenty-seven participants reported falling in the past 12 months. The model included left ankle dorsiflexion, left hip flexion, and right hip external rotation ROMs. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of this model was 0.710 (95% confidence interval, 0.596-0.825). Conclusion: The accuracy of the model that considers lower extremity ROMs is moderate for the fall experience in community-dwelling older women.
{"title":"A Model Used to Consider Lower Extremity Range of Motion to Identify Fall Experience in Community-Dwelling Older Women: A Retrospective Study","authors":"Hungu Jung, R. Tanaka, K. Kiniwa, M. Wada, M. Yamasaki","doi":"10.6890/IJGE.202011_14(4).0010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6890/IJGE.202011_14(4).0010","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Reduced lower extremity range of motion (ROM) with aging is related to the frequency of falls in older adults. Therefore, this study developed and assessed a model that considers lower extremity ROM in identifying the frequency of fall in community-dwelling older women. Methods: Seventy-eight community-dwelling older women (mean age ± SD, 70.4 ± 4.6 years; age range, 65-81 years) were recruited in this study. Nine lower extremity ROMs (hip flexion, hip extension, hip abduction, hip adduction, internal and external hip rotation, knee flexion, ankle dorsiflexion, and ankle plantar flexion) were bilaterally measured. The classification and regression tree methodology was used to develop a model that identifies fall experience for the past 12 months. Results: Twenty-seven participants reported falling in the past 12 months. The model included left ankle dorsiflexion, left hip flexion, and right hip external rotation ROMs. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of this model was 0.710 (95% confidence interval, 0.596-0.825). Conclusion: The accuracy of the model that considers lower extremity ROMs is moderate for the fall experience in community-dwelling older women.","PeriodicalId":50321,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Gerontology","volume":"113 1","pages":"304-309"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2020-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79789323","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-11-01DOI: 10.6890/IJGE.202011_14(4).0013
T. Yanaoka, Yuko Yamasaki, T. Ueda, Ayumi Tanigashira, T. Deguchi, Y. Yuzaki, S. Mori, S. Kurosaka
Background: Physical training can prevent gait ability decline in older adults. However, it is unknown whether foot functional training improves gait ability in older adults with activities of daily living (ADL) disability. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effects of foot functional training on gait ability in older adults with ADL disability. Methods: We conducted a single-center randomized controlled study involving 27 older Japanese adults (≥ 75 years) with ADL disability between December, 2017 and March, 2018. Participants were randomly assigned to an intervention group or a control group. The intervention group underwent 60-min foot functional training twice weekly for 4 months, in addition to routine activities that the nursing home typically offered to attendees. Results: Gait speed and speed of sound significantly increased after the 4-month training in the intervention group (gait speed: before vs. after, 0.61 ± 0.22 m/s vs. 0.84 ± 0.26 m/s, p ＜ 0.001; speed of sound: before vs. after, 1536 ± 16 m/s vs. 1550 ± 19 m/s), but not in the control group. The change in the peak pressure of the forefoot at the propulsive phase of gait was significantly higher in the intervention group than in the control group (p = 0.003). Gait speed was significantly correlated with the peak pressures of the forefoot (r = 0.27, p = 0.048) in the propulsive phase. Conclusion: The foot functional training significantly improved gait speed, bone strength, and plantar pressure distribution in older adults with ADL disability.
背景:体育锻炼可以预防老年人的步态能力下降。然而，足部功能训练是否能改善患有日常生活活动(ADL)残疾的老年人的步态能力尚不清楚。因此，本研究旨在探讨足部功能训练对老年ADL残疾患者步态能力的影响。方法:我们在2017年12月至2018年3月期间进行了一项单中心随机对照研究，涉及27名患有ADL残疾的日本老年人(≥75岁)。参与者被随机分配到干预组和对照组。干预组接受60分钟的足部功能训练，每周两次，持续4个月，除了养老院通常为参与者提供的常规活动外。结果:干预组在训练4个月后步态速度和声速显著提高(步态速度:训练前vs.训练后，0.61±0.22 m/s vs. 0.84±0.26 m/s, p < 0.001;声速:实验前vs.实验后，1536±16 m/s vs. 1550±19 m/s)，但对照组没有。干预组步态推进期前足峰值压力变化显著高于对照组(p = 0.003)。在推进阶段，步态速度与前足峰值压力显著相关(r = 0.27, p = 0.048)。结论:足部功能训练可显著改善老年ADL残疾患者的步态速度、骨强度和足底压力分布。
{"title":"The Effect of Foot Functional Training on Gait Ability in Older Adults with Activities of Daily Living Disability: A Randomized Controlled Trial","authors":"T. Yanaoka, Yuko Yamasaki, T. Ueda, Ayumi Tanigashira, T. Deguchi, Y. Yuzaki, S. Mori, S. Kurosaka","doi":"10.6890/IJGE.202011_14(4).0013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6890/IJGE.202011_14(4).0013","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Physical training can prevent gait ability decline in older adults. However, it is unknown whether foot functional training improves gait ability in older adults with activities of daily living (ADL) disability. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effects of foot functional training on gait ability in older adults with ADL disability. Methods: We conducted a single-center randomized controlled study involving 27 older Japanese adults (≥ 75 years) with ADL disability between December, 2017 and March, 2018. Participants were randomly assigned to an intervention group or a control group. The intervention group underwent 60-min foot functional training twice weekly for 4 months, in addition to routine activities that the nursing home typically offered to attendees. Results: Gait speed and speed of sound significantly increased after the 4-month training in the intervention group (gait speed: before vs. after, 0.61 ± 0.22 m/s vs. 0.84 ± 0.26 m/s, p ＜ 0.001; speed of sound: before vs. after, 1536 ± 16 m/s vs. 1550 ± 19 m/s), but not in the control group. The change in the peak pressure of the forefoot at the propulsive phase of gait was significantly higher in the intervention group than in the control group (p = 0.003). Gait speed was significantly correlated with the peak pressures of the forefoot (r = 0.27, p = 0.048) in the propulsive phase. Conclusion: The foot functional training significantly improved gait speed, bone strength, and plantar pressure distribution in older adults with ADL disability.","PeriodicalId":50321,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Gerontology","volume":"17 1","pages":"320-326"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2020-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90419092","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is considered a transitional state between normal aging and very early dementia. Increasing evidence reveals gait and cognition are inter-related in older adults with MCI. Therefore, it is important to find reliable biomarkers for these MCI patients, which can be utilized as an indicator for early detection and intervention. Methods: The deterioration of cognitive function will affect the patient's walking ability; thus, we conduct a two-stage study with comprehensive neuropsychological testing and a portable device for gait analysis at the beginning and repeated gait analysis six months later to evaluate gait deterioration. By machine learning using neuropsychological testing scores as the input feature parameters, a classification model capable of predicting the gait performance of MCI patients can be obtained. Results: Machine learning is capable of predicting several gait features of the MCI patients, such as reduction in walking speed (with up to 81.82% accuracy), increase in the time of the timed up and go (TUG) test (with up to 66.67% accuracy), and reduction in vertical jump height (with up to 69.23% accuracy) based on the predictive neuropsychological testing scores. Conclusion: Overall, the neuropsychological testing is predictive of gait decline, especially of walking speed, followed by vertical jump height in MCI patients. Therefore, the highest correlation among gait parameters in MCI patients could be the walking speed.
{"title":"Artificial Intelligence of Neuropsychological Tests for the Prediction and Verification of Decline in Gait Parameters in Patients with Mild Cognitive Impairment","authors":"Pei-Hao Chen, Chieh-Wen Lien, Wen-Chun Wu, Lu-Shan Lee, Jin-Siang Shaw","doi":"10.6890/IJGE.202011_14(4).0005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6890/IJGE.202011_14(4).0005","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is considered a transitional state between normal aging and very early dementia. Increasing evidence reveals gait and cognition are inter-related in older adults with MCI. Therefore, it is important to find reliable biomarkers for these MCI patients, which can be utilized as an indicator for early detection and intervention. Methods: The deterioration of cognitive function will affect the patient's walking ability; thus, we conduct a two-stage study with comprehensive neuropsychological testing and a portable device for gait analysis at the beginning and repeated gait analysis six months later to evaluate gait deterioration. By machine learning using neuropsychological testing scores as the input feature parameters, a classification model capable of predicting the gait performance of MCI patients can be obtained. Results: Machine learning is capable of predicting several gait features of the MCI patients, such as reduction in walking speed (with up to 81.82% accuracy), increase in the time of the timed up and go (TUG) test (with up to 66.67% accuracy), and reduction in vertical jump height (with up to 69.23% accuracy) based on the predictive neuropsychological testing scores. Conclusion: Overall, the neuropsychological testing is predictive of gait decline, especially of walking speed, followed by vertical jump height in MCI patients. Therefore, the highest correlation among gait parameters in MCI patients could be the walking speed.","PeriodicalId":50321,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Gerontology","volume":"14 1","pages":"277-283"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2020-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73919182","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-11-01DOI: 10.6890/IJGE.202011_14(4).0015
Kuan-Yu Yueh, Hong-jer Chang, Hsing-Yi Chang
Background: This study aimed to categorize older adults into subgroups according to their health behaviors and compare the risk of cognitive impairment of these groups. Methods: Cross-sectional data were from the 2013 National Health Interview Survey in Taiwan. A total of 2,817 older adults were analyzed using the latent class analysis (LCA)method to categorize their health behaviors. Logistic regression was used to identify the potential risks and protective factors of cognitive impairment. Results: Latent class analysis (LCA) identified six classes. The results of logistic regression showed that the physically and socially inactive group faced a 68% higher risk of cognitive impairment (odds ratio, 1.68; 95% confidence interval, 1.20-2.35) and the physically and socially active group faced a 68% lower risk of cognitive impairment (odds ratio, 0.32; 95% confidence interval, 0.19-0.55) than the reference (sound-health-status) group. Conclusions: The findings offer insights and implications that are useful for the future planning of related interventions to reduce the risk and incidence of cognitive impairment.
{"title":"Cognitive Function and Its Risk Factors in a National Survey of Older Adults in Taiwan: A Latent Class Analysis","authors":"Kuan-Yu Yueh, Hong-jer Chang, Hsing-Yi Chang","doi":"10.6890/IJGE.202011_14(4).0015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6890/IJGE.202011_14(4).0015","url":null,"abstract":"Background: This study aimed to categorize older adults into subgroups according to their health behaviors and compare the risk of cognitive impairment of these groups. Methods: Cross-sectional data were from the 2013 National Health Interview Survey in Taiwan. A total of 2,817 older adults were analyzed using the latent class analysis (LCA)method to categorize their health behaviors. Logistic regression was used to identify the potential risks and protective factors of cognitive impairment. Results: Latent class analysis (LCA) identified six classes. The results of logistic regression showed that the physically and socially inactive group faced a 68% higher risk of cognitive impairment (odds ratio, 1.68; 95% confidence interval, 1.20-2.35) and the physically and socially active group faced a 68% lower risk of cognitive impairment (odds ratio, 0.32; 95% confidence interval, 0.19-0.55) than the reference (sound-health-status) group. Conclusions: The findings offer insights and implications that are useful for the future planning of related interventions to reduce the risk and incidence of cognitive impairment.","PeriodicalId":50321,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Gerontology","volume":"41 1","pages":"332-337"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2020-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80077703","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-08-01DOI: 10.6890/IJGE.202008_14(3).0007
Feng Wang, Xiao-yun Hu, Hai-xia Zhang, Xiang-ming Fang, Zhixin Cui, Tao Wang, Zheng Dai, Zhuo Wang, D. Guo
Background: Vascular calcification is associated with the inflammatory process. Here, we investigated the relationship of serum lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 (Lp-PLA2) and traditional risk factors with carotid plaque calcification in patients with ischemic stroke (IS) or transient ischemic attack (TIA). Methods: Patients with IS or TIA were divided into the calcification (Ca) and non-calcification (nCa) groups according to the results of the CTA of carotid artery with plaque. LP-PLA2 level, demographics, vascular risk factors, and other clinical data were compared to analyze the risk factors for carotid plaque calcification. Results: A total of 260 patients were enrolled, including 134 patients in Group Ca and 126 patients in Group nCa. Multiple logistic regression showed Lp-PLA2 (p = 0.016), age (p = 0.010), and diabetes (p = 0.010) were independent risk factors of carotid artery plaque calcification. The Spearman's rank correlation coefficients showed Lp-PLA2 (r = 0.372, p = 0.000), age (r = 0.325, p = 0.000), and diabetes (r = 0.421, p = 0.000) had a positive correlation with the calcification of the carotid artery. Conclusions: Serum Lp-PLA2, age, and diabetes were associated with carotid plaque calcification in patients with cerebral infarction or TIA. The inflammatory process mediated by Lp-PLA2 and diabetes may be involved in the pathogenesis of carotid calcification.
背景:血管钙化与炎症过程有关。在这里，我们研究了血清脂蛋白相关磷脂酶A2 (Lp-PLA2)和传统危险因素与缺血性卒中(IS)或短暂性脑缺血发作(TIA)患者颈动脉斑块钙化的关系。方法:根据颈动脉斑块CTA结果将IS或TIA患者分为钙化(Ca)组和非钙化(nCa)组。比较LP-PLA2水平、人口统计学、血管危险因素等临床资料，分析颈动脉斑块钙化的危险因素。结果:共纳入260例患者，其中Ca组134例，nCa组126例。多元logistic回归分析显示，Lp-PLA2 (p = 0.016)、年龄(p = 0.010)、糖尿病(p = 0.010)是颈动脉斑块钙化的独立危险因素。Spearman等级相关系数显示，Lp-PLA2 (r = 0.372, p = 0.000)、年龄(r = 0.325, p = 0.000)、糖尿病(r = 0.421, p = 0.000)与颈动脉钙化呈正相关。结论:血清Lp-PLA2、年龄和糖尿病与脑梗死或TIA患者颈动脉斑块钙化有关。由Lp-PLA2和糖尿病介导的炎症过程可能参与了颈动脉钙化的发病机制。
{"title":"Risk Factor Differences in Calcified and Non-Calcified Cervical Carotid Plaque","authors":"Feng Wang, Xiao-yun Hu, Hai-xia Zhang, Xiang-ming Fang, Zhixin Cui, Tao Wang, Zheng Dai, Zhuo Wang, D. Guo","doi":"10.6890/IJGE.202008_14(3).0007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6890/IJGE.202008_14(3).0007","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Vascular calcification is associated with the inflammatory process. Here, we investigated the relationship of serum lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 (Lp-PLA2) and traditional risk factors with carotid plaque calcification in patients with ischemic stroke (IS) or transient ischemic attack (TIA). Methods: Patients with IS or TIA were divided into the calcification (Ca) and non-calcification (nCa) groups according to the results of the CTA of carotid artery with plaque. LP-PLA2 level, demographics, vascular risk factors, and other clinical data were compared to analyze the risk factors for carotid plaque calcification. Results: A total of 260 patients were enrolled, including 134 patients in Group Ca and 126 patients in Group nCa. Multiple logistic regression showed Lp-PLA2 (p = 0.016), age (p = 0.010), and diabetes (p = 0.010) were independent risk factors of carotid artery plaque calcification. The Spearman's rank correlation coefficients showed Lp-PLA2 (r = 0.372, p = 0.000), age (r = 0.325, p = 0.000), and diabetes (r = 0.421, p = 0.000) had a positive correlation with the calcification of the carotid artery. Conclusions: Serum Lp-PLA2, age, and diabetes were associated with carotid plaque calcification in patients with cerebral infarction or TIA. The inflammatory process mediated by Lp-PLA2 and diabetes may be involved in the pathogenesis of carotid calcification.","PeriodicalId":50321,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Gerontology","volume":"35 1","pages":"185-189"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2020-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87820931","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-08-01DOI: 10.6890/IJGE.202008_14(3).0014
S. Assanangkornchai
Background: Functional disability is an inevitable aspect of the aging process, and associated with worse quality of life, increased risk of hospitalization, long-term care used, and mortality. While the data on functional disability are well documented in developed countries, studies from developing countries, including Vietnam, are sparse. Methods: A cross-sectional study of 695 elderly individuals aged ≥ 60 years was conducted in Thanh Hoa city and Hoang Hoa district, Vietnam. Functional status of the participants was screened using the Katz ADL Index (BADL) and the Lawton IADL scale (IADL). A backward multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to identify factors associated with each type of functional disability. All analyses were estimated with sampling weights. Results: In total, 11.6% (95% CI: 6.5%-16.6%) and 15.6% (95% CI: 10.4%-20.8%) of the participants reported difficulties in performing BADL and IADL, respectively. The elderly were more likely to be dependent on IADL compared to BADL. Multivariate analysis revealed that worse self-reported health, having ＞ 2 chronic conditions, hearing impairment, cognitive impairment, and unemployment were significantly related to a higher likelihood of being disabled in both BADL and IADL. Also, living in rural areas was associated with BADL disability, while increasing age was positively associated with IADL disability. Conclusion: This result can be used to aid health and social services agencies in targeting specific groups aimed at preventing disability in the elderly.
{"title":"Functional Disability among Community-Dwelling Older People: Prevalence and Associated Factors in Thanh Hoa City and Hoang Hoa District, Vietnam","authors":"S. Assanangkornchai","doi":"10.6890/IJGE.202008_14(3).0014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6890/IJGE.202008_14(3).0014","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Functional disability is an inevitable aspect of the aging process, and associated with worse quality of life, increased risk of hospitalization, long-term care used, and mortality. While the data on functional disability are well documented in developed countries, studies from developing countries, including Vietnam, are sparse. Methods: A cross-sectional study of 695 elderly individuals aged ≥ 60 years was conducted in Thanh Hoa city and Hoang Hoa district, Vietnam. Functional status of the participants was screened using the Katz ADL Index (BADL) and the Lawton IADL scale (IADL). A backward multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to identify factors associated with each type of functional disability. All analyses were estimated with sampling weights. Results: In total, 11.6% (95% CI: 6.5%-16.6%) and 15.6% (95% CI: 10.4%-20.8%) of the participants reported difficulties in performing BADL and IADL, respectively. The elderly were more likely to be dependent on IADL compared to BADL. Multivariate analysis revealed that worse self-reported health, having ＞ 2 chronic conditions, hearing impairment, cognitive impairment, and unemployment were significantly related to a higher likelihood of being disabled in both BADL and IADL. Also, living in rural areas was associated with BADL disability, while increasing age was positively associated with IADL disability. Conclusion: This result can be used to aid health and social services agencies in targeting specific groups aimed at preventing disability in the elderly.","PeriodicalId":50321,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Gerontology","volume":"1962 1","pages":"222-226"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2020-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87780631","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-08-01DOI: 10.6890/IJGE.202008_14(3).0004
L. Xue, Wanqu Liu, Yingwei Sun, Guang Yu, Tian-tian Wang, Xiao Ju, M. Miao
Objective: The aim of the current study was to observe the protective effect of GLP-1R agonist on hypoxia reoxygenation cardiomyocytes and to explore the role of GLP-1R/PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. Methods: H9c2 myocardial cells were randomly divided into four groups: control group, hypoxia reoxygenation model group (H/R), Exenatide group and PI3K/AKT signaling pathway inhibitor group. CCK-8 method was used to detect myocardial enzymes, and the expression of Caspase-3, Bcl-2 and Bax proteins was detected by Western blot. Results: The apoptosis rate in exenatide group was decreased than the H/R group. The levels of LDH and CK-MB in H/R group were higher than control group, which compared with the H/R group, exenatide group were decreased, and it in PI3K/AKT pathway inhibitor group were increased than exenatide group. The expression of Caspase-3 and Bax in H/R group was higher than that in control group group, and the level of Bcl-2 was decreased. Compared with H/R group, the levels of Caspase-3 and Bax in exenatide group were decreased, and the level of Bcl-2 was increased. Compared with exenatide group, the levels of Caspase-3 and Bax were significantly increased in the PI3K/AKT pathway inhibitor group, and the level of Bcl-2 was decreased. Conclusion: Exenatide has protective effects on the cardiomyocytes during hypoxia reoxygenation injury. The GLP-1R/PI3K/AKT signaling pathway may be involved in the process that exenatide inhibiting cardiomyocyte apoptosis.
{"title":"Protective Effects on Hypoxia Reoxygenation Cardiomyocytes by GLP-1R Agonists via PI3K/AKT Signaling Pathway","authors":"L. Xue, Wanqu Liu, Yingwei Sun, Guang Yu, Tian-tian Wang, Xiao Ju, M. Miao","doi":"10.6890/IJGE.202008_14(3).0004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6890/IJGE.202008_14(3).0004","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: The aim of the current study was to observe the protective effect of GLP-1R agonist on hypoxia reoxygenation cardiomyocytes and to explore the role of GLP-1R/PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. Methods: H9c2 myocardial cells were randomly divided into four groups: control group, hypoxia reoxygenation model group (H/R), Exenatide group and PI3K/AKT signaling pathway inhibitor group. CCK-8 method was used to detect myocardial enzymes, and the expression of Caspase-3, Bcl-2 and Bax proteins was detected by Western blot. Results: The apoptosis rate in exenatide group was decreased than the H/R group. The levels of LDH and CK-MB in H/R group were higher than control group, which compared with the H/R group, exenatide group were decreased, and it in PI3K/AKT pathway inhibitor group were increased than exenatide group. The expression of Caspase-3 and Bax in H/R group was higher than that in control group group, and the level of Bcl-2 was decreased. Compared with H/R group, the levels of Caspase-3 and Bax in exenatide group were decreased, and the level of Bcl-2 was increased. Compared with exenatide group, the levels of Caspase-3 and Bax were significantly increased in the PI3K/AKT pathway inhibitor group, and the level of Bcl-2 was decreased. Conclusion: Exenatide has protective effects on the cardiomyocytes during hypoxia reoxygenation injury. The GLP-1R/PI3K/AKT signaling pathway may be involved in the process that exenatide inhibiting cardiomyocyte apoptosis.","PeriodicalId":50321,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Gerontology","volume":"82 1","pages":"168-173"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2020-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78740351","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-08-01DOI: 10.6890/IJGE.202008_14(3).0012
Kazuki Fukui, N. Maeda, J. Sasadai, S. Sakai, T. Tashiro, Toshiya Shima, Manabu Niitani, Y. Urabe
Background: The aim of this study was to investigate the capacity of the Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB) and SPPB based on a community-based (SPPB-com) score, as developed earlier to discriminate among the non-frailty, pre-frailty and frailty respondents, classified according to the Kihon Checklist score, in communities of Japanese elderly people. Methods: A total of 132 elderly outpatients aged ≥ 65 years were participated in this study. Frailty was measured using the Kihon Checklist score (points) and divided into three groups. Participants were assessed using the SPPB (0-12 points) and SPPB-com (0-10 points) instruments. Handgrip strength (kg), maximum isometric knee extensor strength (N/kg) and maximum walking speed (m/s) were measured as physical functions. Discriminant analysis using the forward stepwise procedure was performed to estimate frailty groups. Receiver operating characteristics analysis was employed to calculate the area under the curve (AUC) and to determine the optimal cut-off point, which would best discriminate non-frailty from frailty respondents. Results: The SPPB-com score could classify the participants into non-frailty, pre-frailty or frailty groups with an accuracy of 62.5% following validation. The SPPB score, with a cut-off point of 11, gave the best trade-off between sensitivity and specificity, with AUC = 0.77. Conversely, the SPPB-com score, with a cut-off point of only 5, gave the best trade-off between sensitivity and specificity, with an AUC of 0.80. Conclusion: The SPPB-com score can identify pre-frailty before frailty even in high-functioning elderly people, and would therefore assist in the early detection of frailty.
{"title":"Predicting Ability of Modified Short Physical Performance Battery","authors":"Kazuki Fukui, N. Maeda, J. Sasadai, S. Sakai, T. Tashiro, Toshiya Shima, Manabu Niitani, Y. Urabe","doi":"10.6890/IJGE.202008_14(3).0012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6890/IJGE.202008_14(3).0012","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The aim of this study was to investigate the capacity of the Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB) and SPPB based on a community-based (SPPB-com) score, as developed earlier to discriminate among the non-frailty, pre-frailty and frailty respondents, classified according to the Kihon Checklist score, in communities of Japanese elderly people. Methods: A total of 132 elderly outpatients aged ≥ 65 years were participated in this study. Frailty was measured using the Kihon Checklist score (points) and divided into three groups. Participants were assessed using the SPPB (0-12 points) and SPPB-com (0-10 points) instruments. Handgrip strength (kg), maximum isometric knee extensor strength (N/kg) and maximum walking speed (m/s) were measured as physical functions. Discriminant analysis using the forward stepwise procedure was performed to estimate frailty groups. Receiver operating characteristics analysis was employed to calculate the area under the curve (AUC) and to determine the optimal cut-off point, which would best discriminate non-frailty from frailty respondents. Results: The SPPB-com score could classify the participants into non-frailty, pre-frailty or frailty groups with an accuracy of 62.5% following validation. The SPPB score, with a cut-off point of 11, gave the best trade-off between sensitivity and specificity, with AUC = 0.77. Conversely, the SPPB-com score, with a cut-off point of only 5, gave the best trade-off between sensitivity and specificity, with an AUC of 0.80. Conclusion: The SPPB-com score can identify pre-frailty before frailty even in high-functioning elderly people, and would therefore assist in the early detection of frailty.","PeriodicalId":50321,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Gerontology","volume":"2 1","pages":"212-216"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2020-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78771898","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-08-01DOI: 10.6890/IJGE.202008_14(3).0013
H. Lee, Kounseok Lee, S. Shim, Hee-Chang Seon, Sun Wook Park
Introduction: Walking ability has been emerges as a significant predictor of future cognitive impairment and dementia in elderly. This study aimed to investigate the association between gait time and cognitive function in various walking conditions, and to find out which walking conditions are the most associated with cognitive function. Methods: This is a study with a cross-sectional design and convenience sampling. The study participants were 86 elderly people aged ＞ 65 years with cognitive intact or mild cognitive impairment. Cognitive function was measured using Mini-mental state examination (MMSE), and two examiners measured walking time according to six different walking conditions. Pearson's correlation analysis and multiple regression analysis were used to compare the association between gait time and cognitive function in six walking conditions. Results: There are significantly correlated between gait time and MMSE (cognitive function) in all walking conditions (p ＜ 0.05). According to multiple linear regression, all of the gait time in six different walking conditions was associated with the cognitive function (p ＜ 0.05). However, age, sex, body mass index (BMI), and leg lengths did not associated with the cognitive function. The walking condition that had highest adjusted R^2 (%) coefficient and satisfied the homoscedasticity of residuals was the 4-Meter Walking Test (4MWT) while holding a water cup (r = 0.483, p ＜ 0.001) and the Groningen Meander Walking Test (GMWT) (r = 0.473, p ＜ 0.001). Conclusion: Among the six walking models, the 4MWT while holding a water cup and GMWT were the most effective walking models to explain the cognitive function.
导读:行走能力已成为老年人未来认知障碍和痴呆的重要预测指标。本研究旨在探讨不同步行状态下步态时间与认知功能的关系，并找出哪些步行状态与认知功能的关系最大。方法:本研究采用横断面设计，方便抽样。该研究的参与者是86名年龄> 65岁的认知完整或轻度认知障碍的老年人。采用简易心理状态测试(MMSE)测量认知功能，两名考官根据六种不同的步行条件测量步行时间。采用Pearson相关分析和多元回归分析比较6种步行状态下步态时间与认知功能的相关性。结果:在所有步行条件下，步态时间与认知功能(MMSE)均有显著相关(p < 0.05)。经多元线性回归分析，6种不同行走状态下的步态时间均与认知功能相关(p < 0.05)。然而，年龄、性别、身体质量指数(BMI)和腿长与认知功能无关。调整后R^2(%)系数最高并满足残差均方差的行走工况为举水杯行走4米试验(R = 0.483, p < 0.001)和格罗宁根曲径行走试验(R = 0.473, p < 0.001)。结论:在6种步行模型中，抱水杯步行模型和抱水杯步行模型是解释认知功能最有效的步行模型。
{"title":"Association between Gait Time and Cognitive Function in Various Walking Conditions","authors":"H. Lee, Kounseok Lee, S. Shim, Hee-Chang Seon, Sun Wook Park","doi":"10.6890/IJGE.202008_14(3).0013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6890/IJGE.202008_14(3).0013","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Walking ability has been emerges as a significant predictor of future cognitive impairment and dementia in elderly. This study aimed to investigate the association between gait time and cognitive function in various walking conditions, and to find out which walking conditions are the most associated with cognitive function. Methods: This is a study with a cross-sectional design and convenience sampling. The study participants were 86 elderly people aged ＞ 65 years with cognitive intact or mild cognitive impairment. Cognitive function was measured using Mini-mental state examination (MMSE), and two examiners measured walking time according to six different walking conditions. Pearson's correlation analysis and multiple regression analysis were used to compare the association between gait time and cognitive function in six walking conditions. Results: There are significantly correlated between gait time and MMSE (cognitive function) in all walking conditions (p ＜ 0.05). According to multiple linear regression, all of the gait time in six different walking conditions was associated with the cognitive function (p ＜ 0.05). However, age, sex, body mass index (BMI), and leg lengths did not associated with the cognitive function. The walking condition that had highest adjusted R^2 (%) coefficient and satisfied the homoscedasticity of residuals was the 4-Meter Walking Test (4MWT) while holding a water cup (r = 0.483, p ＜ 0.001) and the Groningen Meander Walking Test (GMWT) (r = 0.473, p ＜ 0.001). Conclusion: Among the six walking models, the 4MWT while holding a water cup and GMWT were the most effective walking models to explain the cognitive function.","PeriodicalId":50321,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Gerontology","volume":"56 1","pages":"217-221"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2020-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84543578","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-08-01DOI: 10.6890/IJGE.202008_14(3).EC
Chao-Feng Lin
{"title":"An Endless Story in Cardiac Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury","authors":"Chao-Feng Lin","doi":"10.6890/IJGE.202008_14(3).EC","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6890/IJGE.202008_14(3).EC","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50321,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Gerontology","volume":"11 1","pages":"153-153"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2020-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74717904","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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